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Layla Bahmad - Non-Governmental Organisations in Palestine

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Layla Bahmad

Non-Governmental Organisations in Palestine

2008

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The Size of NGOs S. 198-201

„… 198 7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANISATIONS AND NGOS Among the large number of NGOs operating in the …” „… discussed there are different terms for these civic organisations or so-called NGOs that have been active …” „… different kinds of NGOs have different features, which characterize an NGO. Those working in the West Bank …”

Comparison with Islamic NGOs S. 254-258

„… serve the public welfare. 9.2 Comparison with Islamic NGOs In contrast the Islamic NGOs and charities …” „… , unlike their secular counterparts, the bulk of their (Islamic NGOs L.B.) funding comes from individual …” „… their own agenda. It is often claimed that Islamic NGOs prefer their own “brothers and sisters” than …”

An Orientalist view of NGOs? S. 77-81

„… shadow on civil societies and NGOs in Arab societies. 3.5 An Orientalist view of NGOs? This short outlook …” „… interesting element to consider is the approach regarding the NGOs as already indicated earlier. The idea is …” „… have a civil society. Referring to the Palestinian case, civil society and its actors such as the NGOs …”

Beginning and Change of the NGOs work S. 219-223

„… 219 7.6 Beginning and Change of the NGOs work “Everyday there is a new NGO opening, one closing. It …” „… is very difficult to know the exact number.”563 Nobody denies the NGOs had to overcome difficulties …” „… . The NGOs have been influenced in many ways. Some NGOs came into being with the first national uprising …”

The Role of NGOs after Oslo (1994) S. 141-145

„… the need for self-reliance and the establishment of a Palestinian infrastructure. Palestinian NGOs …” „… 1930s have relied on a large number of NGOs functioning in Gaza and the West Bank, most of which still …” „… problems and difficulties NGOs have been facing in the Occupied Territories will be addressed in the third …”

The Role of Islamic NGOs in Palestine S. 135-138

„… 135 5.4.2 The Role of Islamic NGOs in Palestine Although Hamas remains the largest Islamic civic …” „… states that the number of Islamic NGOs that are active in Gaza and the West Bank is 10% to 40% of all …” „… Palestinian ministries, Islamic and secular NGOs and Palestinian research institutions. For the specific …”

The Role of NGOs during the Second Intifada S. 145-155

„… signal for the transformation from a mass movement into NGOs elite, including political, and professional …” „… complex process.378 5.4.6 The Role of NGOs during the Second Intifada “The Intifada presents a direct …” „… challenge to Palestinian Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) as well as to their counterparts among donor …”

How does International Aid influence NGOs, particularly Palestinian organisations? S. 195-196

„… . The Palestinian civil society institutions NGOs and also the public have got the picture that foreign …” „… . Throughout the next sub-item we will discuss the donors’ influence on Palestinian NGOs. 6.3 How does …” „… International Aid influence NGOs, particularly Palestinian organisations? The existence of Palestinian NGOs …”

The Role of NGOs in the First Intifada (1987-1993) S. 138-141

„… Palestinian society.361 5.4.3 The Role of NGOs in the First Intifada (1987-1993) “On the 9th of December 1987 …” „… psychological and physical break and remained without perspectives.”362 The symbiosis of the first NGOs and the …” „… decisive moment for the increased number of NGOs in Palestine was the First Intifada. It started in a …”

NGOs and the Israeli Government – the Occupying Regime and its restrictions S. 174-177

„… 174 The NGOs’ status has not really altered due to Hamas being in government; otherwise they will …” „… space for NGO operations. Nonetheless, the NGOs on the ground are very cautious before they take sides …” „… , and so NGOs do wish to stay on the safe side whichever way things turn. All this reflects the …”

The Creation of the Ministry of NGO Affairs S. 167-174

„… 167 6.2 NGOs and their relations to the PA and its different ministries “Prior to the emergence of …” „… space was available for the emergence of a strong and pluralistic infrastructure of NGOs. This was …” „… NGOs and the Palestinian Authority has not always been straight-lined. Their relationship has been …”

NGO-law and the lack of legal structures S. 157-167

„… 157 6. NGOS FACING OBSTACLES AFTER OSLO A large number of civic associations or NGOs have been …” „… in the early nineties, many NGOs - in particular PNGOs faced severe changes and drastic cuts in their …” „… Union (EU) for the regional NGOs were transformed with the beginning of the EU’s grantmaking departments …”

Facts on the Palestinian Terrain S. 245-254

„… depend on them, the PA remains unable to replace them.”615 The growing number of Palestinian NGOs, either …” „… the severe conditions of Israeli occupation. Still, the NGOs went to great lengths to adhere to their …” „… ’ view on the philanthropic services as essential, since they reflect the NGOs’ efficiency and capacities …”

Research problem S. 13-23

„… NGOs/donor-relations in relation to their counterparts on the terrain they are working on. As it is throughout the …” „… conceptions are behind some of the concepts and strategic goals pursued by certain NGOs and donors who are …” „… taking a backseat. Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) have not only gained more and more relevance in …”

NGO & Donor Relationship S. 177-183

„… also for the NGOs and their work, who tried to comply with the donors’ demands. In the following …” „… section this interrelation will be outlined in more detail in order respond to the question whether NGOs …” „… difficult and dangerous as well where you get your money from. Donors give money to the NGOs in Palestine …”

“NGO”: A changeable term S. 117-123

„… 117 5. WHO ARE NGOS? THE PHENOMENON OF NGOS IN PALESTINE The usage of the NGO term has entered the …” „… active NGOs in the present day is long and embraces many sectors. As already referred to above NGOs are …” „… NGOs might be used as soft instruments in a form of neo-imperialistic structures in the present …”

Funds - Clienteleism S. 229-235

„… 229 8. THE MANY FACTORS ON THE NGO SCENE This chapter will attempt to demonstrate that NGOs are not …” „… funds among NGOs, a sort of “clientele’s relationship” between donors and social actors developed. The …” „… different funding bodies have their own agendas and rules. In a few cases some NGOs are even forced to alter …”

Methods S. 24-30

„… investigate the wide spectrum in order to gain impressions and hypotheses since little data on NGOs was …” „… available. There is hardly a comprehensive study on NGOs in Palestine. 11 10 Bogner, Alexander, Menz …” „… with civil society and NGOs in developing countries in particular regarding their relationships to …”

Conditionality for Funds S. 203-214

„… project.”516 The NGOs’ achievement does not only consist of its efficacy and positive results concerning …” „… projects are planned in the various countries Islamic Relief works in. Another aspect, which NGOs …” „… of the leading organisations in the health sector. The better the NGOs works, the higher its chances …”

In- / Dependence on Donors S. 217-219

„… , daily; NGOs in financial crisis are giving up more and more principles in return for renewed or new …” „… governance. We should not be donor orientated.”559 The relationship between donors, NGOs and funds is a sort …” „… agendas use the funds as a means. Through the increasing competition for funds among NGOs some goals are …”

Self-Image S. 223-226

„… The NGOs operating on the difficult terrain have found themselves in a challenging situation. On the …” „… confirmed by the head of an NGO working in the health sector. 95% of the NGOs’ cases were successful and …” „… achieved positive results on the part of the recipients. The NGOs also consider it as very important that …”

The various donors S. 183-194

„… 183 who fund NGOs. They range from the government supported agencies to the UN to the churches to …” „… are going to discuss the various donors who support the Palestinian NGOs. 6.2.4 The various donors …” „… the NGOs; we only had the numbers for the PA. The rule before Oslo was that all the money went to the …”

Conclusion S. 196-197

„… appropriate to describe the circumstances on the terrain. This demonstrates that the Palestinian NGOs are …” „… Palestinians. All these factors together represent an unequal image of the Palestinian NGOs and the situation …” „… someone else will take it.”500 This attitude shows that the donors find it easy to attract NGOs and at the …”

Concluding remarks S. 263-268

„… no future at all. NGOs are taking over the role of the PA, and donors want it this way since Hamas …” „… all see it but most NGOs are running after it as it involves lots of money and lots of jobs.” 668 Not …” „… NGOs for their interests and let them do the job. “Unfortunately, this solution is based on wishful …”

Major problems S. 30-38

„… 30 The variety of NGOs being interviewed and the data collected are reflected in the inference …” „… thus an impact on the related inference.”28 Hence, this study cannot be representative for all NGOs for …” „… . Therefore this investigation represents a small faction out of the large number of NGOs working on the very …”

Corporatism & Rent-seeking S. 235-238

„… relationship between donors and NGOs. Most of these relationships are afflicted with particular preferences and …” „… also meant that the NGOs had to be familiar with the political climate and the new structures in order …” „… environment. The intended collaboration between the newly founded PA and the numerous NGOs was not crowned …”

Development of original NGO definition with regard to the Palestinian context S. 123-126

„… to the Palestinian context Though in general NGOs are seen as non-governmental organisations, the …” „… to the clarification for an appropriate definition that fits, then the pure local Palestinian NGOs on …” „… NGO category. There is a small minority of organisations left, which can be labelled NGOs, because …”

Duration of Sponsorship S. 214-217

„… 214 This has been criticized by a vast number of NGOs who felt to be in conflict with the donors on …” „… expected. After all, NGOs have to make compromises, otherwise there is no deal. This extensive section …” „… showed that the NGOs most of the time have difficulties to meet the criteria and conditions set by the …”

Self-Portrait S. 201-203

„… and conviction of doing a good job. It is not a matter of dispute that the NGOs aim at an efficient …” „… with regard to donors. Many NGOs have their websites with plenty of information about their mission …” „… , either private individuals or other institutions. The fundraising issue is one of the top goals for NGOs …”

Conclusion S. 242-244

„… and the implementing NGOs. To add up, short-term projects cannot bring the same and ideal outcomes as …” „… reverse positive impacts of NGOs projects.” 611 “It is a dilemma as a donor to contribute to an …” „… even through efforts made by the NGOs, fundamental changes in the political landscape have to occur and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… international aid. This aid is organized through NGOs. What looks at first glance as a gigantic effort of …” „… setting up a whole set of conditions which must be respected by the local NGOs at the lower end of the …” „… conducted with representatives of local NGOs as well as with outside national and international …”

Budgets vs. Agenda-setting S. 238-239

„… 238 The rent-seeking concept discussed is one of the structural principles NGOs have to raise funds …” „… the conditions the donors set. The support provided to the Occupied Territories via NGOs and other …” „… changed, neither for the Palestinian society and the Palestinian Authority nor for the dependent NGOs on …”

Skills - Staff S. 239-240

„… large on the Palestinian NGO scene. Due to the reason that there is a dependency between the NGOs and …” „… their financial backers, the NGOs’ budgets are dictated by a donor specific agenda. Through the growing …” „… to-do list given by the donors, the NGOs feel increasingly restricted and limited in their actions. An …”

“Waqf” Organisations – A different type of NGO? S. 126-135

„… necessarily directed to Christians in the country, and that is why in many cases these NGOs are not looked …” „… upon anymore as Christian NGOs.”328 The Christian as well as the Islamic form of solidarity is based on …” „… following we will discuss the predecessors of the Palestinian NGOs, and then the “Waqf”-type of organisation …”

Conclusion S. 155-156

„… Oslo period did NGOs become more technical because the agenda was more developmental and slogans …” „… concludes with the thought that the Palestinian NGOs have always been waiting to introduce and integrate the …” „… Palestinian issue and their national rights within the global agenda. 5.5 Conclusion The phenomenon of NGOs …”

Conclusion S. 227-228

„… , they just do their work. In some cases there was no information available from NGOs regarding their …” „… problems. These were discreet and treated as a kind of internal business, and some NGOs refused to answer …” „… was available. 7.9 Conclusion This chapter demonstrated that there are different types of NGOs which …”

Future Prospects S. 226-227

„… someday replace the NGOs. Nonetheless, Palestine has a very vibrant and dynamic society which has been …” „… characterized through history and politics. All this has shaped the NGOs’ environment filled with aggravated …” „… look at the prospective future regarding the NGOs in the Occupied Territories. 7.8 Future Prospects “As …”

Final remarks S. 258-263

„… intending to channel more funds to Palestinians via NGOs-Article: Funding NGOs is no solution (Op-ed, Gerald …” „… regarding the NGOs’ and donors’ view on the ground. Nonetheless, the more interesting and important aspect …” „… NGOs) that are funded by them are induced to watch political interests. The mistrust that emerges …”

REFERENCES S. 275-291

„… 275 REFERENCES Aall, Pamela (2003): Guide to IGOs, NGOs and the Military in Peace and Relief …” „… ): Planning under uncertainty: The case of health NGOs in Palestine, (PhD thesis published at the Florida …” „… ): “Palestinian Report says 54 % of NGOs face funding crisis.” In: Al-Quds Daily Newspaper in Arabic at …”

Relevance of the topic S. 23-24

„… them has been the legislation for NGOs specifically, under which law they should be governed. As …” „… ) under the observance of an ongoing occupation and stifling regime.9 Thus, the NGOs are still in a …” „… . Instead what filled the void and provided structure was a whole range of various NGOs and their …”

Summing-up S. 268-274

„… population are more and more marginalized while the NGOS fight each other and contribute, by this way, to the …” „… NGOs on the Palestinian terrain are not the “angels” or “helping hand for the poor” as assumed at the …” „… . Secondly, in such precarious situations as in the case of Palestine, the local NGOs also have the function …”

Projects S. 240-242

„… interests and preferences of the single NGOs in the field and the diverse perceptions and debates resulted …” „… will be discussed below in the context of donor or even fund-based projects. 8.5 Projects Most NGOs are …” „… order to achieve a successful and satisfying result. Here, the problem becomes visible since most NGOs …”

The Institutionalising Process S. 141

„… the need for self-reliance and the establishment of a Palestinian infrastructure. Palestinian NGOs …” „… 1930s have relied on a large number of NGOs functioning in Gaza and the West Bank, most of which still …” „… problems and difficulties NGOs have been facing in the Occupied Territories will be addressed in the third …”

What is Aid? S. 194-195

„… Palestinians on track.498 Western and Islamic NGOs have helped the Palestinian population who lost their …” „… . The Palestinian civil society institutions NGOs and also the public have got the picture that foreign …” „… . Throughout the next sub-item we will discuss the donors’ influence on Palestinian NGOs. 6.3 How does …”

Conclusion S. 114-116

„… perceptions of the civil society system and its actors such as the NGOs (in Palestine), who have a central …” „… discourse on civil society has been degraded to NGOs and other voluntary organisations in combination with …” „… cultural and political hegemony in a way that NGOs have only been recognized when they corresponded to the …”

The historical roots of the term Civil Society S. 83-91

„… against the state, as a kind of counterbalance. Here, it has to be emphasized that NGOs as actors are part …” „… the hostile reactions of the current Russian government towards NGOs cooperating with Western NGOs …” „… Europe “transition societies”. Civil society is generally reduced to the emergence of NGOs. And most of …”

The varying civil societies in the Arab states S. 108-114

„… and NGOs with a confessional, family or clientelistic background and to the neo-traditional forms of …” „… NGOs does not lead automatically to the empowerment of civil society. It could also contribute to the …” „… Tunisia, for instance, there are about 8400 NGOs out of which just three can be considered as independent …”

What is Orientalism? How is the concept defined? S. 57-69

„… daily basis. But now we turn our attention back to the NGOs and how they are pictured. In particular …” „… , and in this case the Arab NGOs are regarded differently. The approaches and theoretical frameworks …” „… on one hand there is the Developmentalist view of NGOs, which considers them as agents of liberation …”

Conclusion S. 81-82

„… concept of civil society, since it is the broader space in which NGOs function. Then I will examine the …” „… concept of NGOs, since this term has been used in various forms. The more important aspect is that its …”

Orientalism versus Occidentalism? S. 74-77

„… NGOs in Arab societies. 3.5 An Orientalist view of NGOs? This short outlook on Orientalism was given in …”

Analysis of the concept “NGO” and existing working definitions S. 123

„… to the Palestinian context Though in general NGOs are seen as non-governmental organisations, the …”

The Aid System in Islam in the Past up to the Present S. 91-108

„… social differences, which means the more Western oriented elites (as some NGOs are considered to be part …” „… could be found in a variety of associations and NGOs. Their task is to carry on the development efforts …” „… certain level. Certainly, the more secular NGOs in the Arab countries, who are prone to Western values …”

What is the foundation of Nation-Building? S. 39-46

„… (western) governments, military and civil society actors (NGOs). Thomas Risse alludes to “the ‘new’ forms …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207735

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Jeanette Schade

Soft Superpower

Series: Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik

Volume 9 2010

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NGOs als Werbeträger der Regierung S. 235-238

„… Einschränkungen von NGOsDurch die Kooperation mit NGOs eröffnet und erhält sich die US-Regierung (so wie …” „… Lokalregierungen, sofern sie über NGOs implementiert werden, ebenfallsnicht von derlei Restriktionen betroffen sein …” „… gleichzeitig wird dadurch auch der politische Einfluss auf die lokale Ebene erhalten und verstärkt.NGOs als …”

(Public) diplomacy zu Gunsten von NGOs S. 249-253

„… das nächste Unterkapitel.(Public) diplomacy zu Gunsten von NGOsIm historischen Rückblick wurde bereits …” „… zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure geht allerdings über die klassischen entwicklungspolitischen NGOs hinaus und umfasst eben …” „… gezeigt, dass die Beeinflussung politischer Dynamiken in anderen Ländern mit Hilfe von NGOs und anderen …”

Public diplomacy mit Hilfe von NGOs S. 244-249

„… von NGOs.Public diplomacy mit Hilfe von NGOsRegierung, State Department und Kongress arbeiten bei der …” „… das nächste Unterkapitel.(Public) diplomacy zu Gunsten von NGOsIm historischen Rückblick wurde bereits …” „… in Drittländern zuhaben.Institutionelle Einbindung von NGOs in die Arbeit des State DepartmentDie …”

Abschließender Exkurs: NGOs und die US-Geheimdienste S. 270-272

„… , parallel eine Verschlankung der Beteiligung klassischer NGOs abzuzeichnen, die zugleich von einer gezielten …” „… Entscheidungsträgern zu platzieren. Das Zurückdrängen des grant-Elements in der Mittelvergabe anNGOs birgt dabei die …” „… Gefahr, dass auch NGOs die von ihnen getragene empowerment-Agenda für gesellschaftlich schwache Akteure …”

Politische Regulierungen und Einschränkungen von NGOs S. 238-244

„… Politische Regulierungen und Einschränkungen von NGOsDurch die Kooperation mit NGOs eröffnet und …” „… . Gleichzeitig reguliert siebis zu einem gewissen Grad die Aktionsradien der NGOs. Dies geschieht bereits …” „… Betätigungsfelder für NGOs. Es geschieht aber auch umgekehrt durch die gezielteZurückhaltung von Mitteln für …”

Ausdehnung der Kooperationsbeziehungen der USAID zu NGOs S. 217-230

„… Umweltschutz zu sichern.143Ausdehnung der Kooperationsbeziehungen der USAID zu NGOsEin wesentlicher Anreiz …” „… im Original).Insgesamt spiegelt das Programm mit seinen drei Förderschwerpunkten – local NGOs,small …” „… Einbindung US-amerikanischer NGOsDas Mandat des PVC-Büros der USAID erweitert sich im Rahmen der NPI insofern …”

NGOs zwischen Teilhabegarantie und Verlust der Eigenständigkeit S. 230-233

„… „private voluntary organizations” sind in diesem Falle neben PVOs und NGOs außerdem „cooperatives, credit …” „… mit NGOs abstecken, fortgefahren.Rechtliche und administrative Bestimmungen zu NGOs in …” „… derEntwicklungszusammenarbeitDie grundlegenden rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Einbindung von NGOs in diestaatliche …”

NGOs als Alternative zu direkter bilateraler Hilfe S. 233-235

„… zuständigenKongress-Ausschüssen beispielsweise weggefallen (ebd.).NGOs als Alternative zu direkter bilateraler HilfeDie Einbindung …” „… Mittelzuwendungender USAID an NGOs in diesem Land gelten solle. Vielmehr solle geprüft werden, ob dieFortführung der …” „… Hilfe über NGOs im nationalen Interesse der USA liege.„The President shall take into consideration, in …”

Eine neue Außen- und Entwicklungspolitik: NGOs als Gewinner und Verlierer S. 266-270

„… NGOsals Partner der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, insbesondere für US-NGOs, ist die MCCwenig attraktiv. Sie …” „… Agenden der NGOs.Das geschieht zum einen zwangsläufig über die zur Verfügung gestellten Budgetlinien …” „… größere Gruppe der NGO-community zum Tragen kommen.Eine neue Außen- und Entwicklungspolitik: NGOs als …”

Boom der Integration von NGOs in die staatliche Entwicklungszusammenarbeit S. 213-214

„… Boom der Integration von NGOs in die staatlicheEntwicklungszusammenarbeitWie bereits oben dargelegt …” „… erneuter Boom der Kooperation mit NGOs setzt gegen Ende des Ost-West-Konfliktsein. Dies hat zum einen mit …” „… Restrukturierungspolitik in der Auslandshilfe zu tun. Begründet wird die ausgedehnte Präferenz für NGOs und andere NPOsin …”

PVO, NGO, CDO, FBO – die Welt der zivilgesellschaftlichen Kooperationspartner S. 208-213

„… Folgejahren einiges hinsichtlich der Einbindung vonNGOs in die staatliche Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. Zu einer …” „… größeren Unabhängigkeitder NGOs führten diese Entwicklungen aber nicht.PVO, NGO, CDO, FBO – die Welt der …” „… zivilgesellschaftlichenKooperationspartnerZunächst sollte aber geklärt werden, wer aus staatlicher Perspektive alles zu den PVOsbzw. NGOs zählt. Wie …”

Frühe Entwicklung der Strukturen staatlich-nichtstaatlicher Kooperation S. 206-208

„… administrativer Ebene die Rolle der NGOs in der Entwicklungs- und Außenpolitikentwickelt hat. D. h. es geht vor …” „… außenpolitischenInstitutionen findet sich, zusammen mit der Auswertung der Rolle der NGOs, am Ende …” „… desGesamtkapitels.Institutionelle Einbindung von NGOs in die EntwicklungszusammenarbeitDie Einbindung von NGOs in die …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Challenge Act – Armutsbekämpfung durchWachstum5.1.4201Institutionelle Einbindung von NGOs in …” „… , FBO – die Welt der zivilgesellschaftlichenKooperationspartner5.2.2208Boom der Integration von NGOs in …” „… : Liberalisierung,Entwicklungsfinanzierung und Zivilgesellschaft5.2.4214Ausdehnung der Kooperationsbeziehungen der USAID zuNGOs5.2.5217 …”

Der zivilgesellschaftliche Prozess der Community of Democracies S. 352-366

„… DemocracyEducation and DemocracyFreedom of Association and the Protection of NGOsPromoting Civil Society in Closed …” „… veränderten Prozedereim UN-Kontext war, die Rolle der NGOs nicht auf Kommentatoren zu beschränken, sondern …” „… ihrer Kurzerläuterung des CD-Treffensin Santiago schreibt:„Just as non-governmental organizations (NGOs …”

Einführung der debt swaps: Liberalisierung, Entwicklungsfinanzierung und Zivilgesellschaft S. 214-217

„… Umweltschutz zu sichern.143Ausdehnung der Kooperationsbeziehungen der USAID zu NGOsEin wesentlicher Anreiz …” „… Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zuGunsten der NGOs gestaltet wurde, stellen die nächsten Unterkapitel dar.Einführung der debt …” „… Armutsminderung und Umweltschutz unter Beteiligung von NGOs ergänzt (vgl. IFIA, Pub. L. 95-118, Title XVI, Sec …”

Zivilgesellschaft in handlungsrelevanten außenpolitischen Konzepten S. 144-149

„… Entscheidungsträger auszuüben (Nye 1999: 26). FürNye sind Träger der soft power aber nicht nur NGOs.„In diesem Bereich …” „… gramme auch klassische Interessenverbände, nämlich business-NGOs, und macht sie beispielsweise zu …” „… auf NGOs verengt und nur selektiv in Teilbereichen derEntwicklungszusammenarbeit angewendet. Nur in …”

Die Rolle des AGOA Civil Society Forum S. 476-488

„… . NGOs/NPOs:AERC – African Economic Research Center (Kenia)ASSEED – African Sustainable Small EnterpriseDevelopment …” „… Exporters,(vertreten durch ThabaniWines) (Südafrika) US-NGOs/NPOs:ACDI/VOCAAfricareAfrik. NGOs/NPOs:CERDES – Center …” „… . NGOs/NPOs:CERDES (Mali)AHEAD – Adventures inHealth Education & Agricultural Development,Inc. (Kenia Diaspora …”

Ebenen der Zivilgesellschaftsförderung für eine vielschichtige und strategische Demokratisierungsagenda S. 437-438

„… Ebenen unterscheiden. Zum einen gibt es das sehr regierungsnahe Netzwerkder US-NGOs, bei welchem die …” „… überwiegend aus dem Westen. Die US-NGOs sind hier quantitativ so dominierend, standen zum Teil sogar Pate …” „… US-NGOs ausgegangen werden muss. Dann gibt es das breitere Spektrum professioneller Süd- und Ost-NGOs, die …”

Besondere Herausforderungen einer Demokratisierungspolitik im Nahen Osten S. 434-437

„… während der 1990er Jahre in den arabischen Ländern – Professionalisierung von NGOs, Kandidatentraining …” „… sie diese selten direkt, sondern der Großteil derMittel wird über US-amerikanische NGOs verteilt …” „… Ebenen unterscheiden. Zum einen gibt es das sehr regierungsnahe Netzwerkder US-NGOs, bei welchem die …”

Partner der USAID S. 320-332

„… für die Kooperation mit Süd-NGOs und die Förderungvon Zivilgesellschaft relevant sind, ist jedoch …” „… eine große Nähe zum politischen Apparat auf. Trotzdem sind sie formal betrachtet NGOs und werden als …” „… unabhängige NGOs und Verbände, dieAufgrund ihrer gesellschaftlichen Stellung aber so gewichtig sind, dass der …”

Der Millennium Challenge Act – Armutsbekämpfung durch Wachstum S. 201-206

„… finanziell nicht unterstützt. Unter Zivilgesellschaft summiert dieMCC vor allem „NGOs, private sector actors …” „… Zivilgesellschaft hinzu.Wenn die MCC NGOs einbindet, beschränkt sie sich auf deren Dachorganisationen, weilsie dies …” „… NGOs in der Entwicklungs- und Außenpolitikentwickelt hat. D. h. es geht vor allem um die legislativen …”

Strategieentwicklung im Bereich democracy and governance S. 281-288

„… , dennichtstaatlichen Sektor in der Erbringung von Hilfs- und Sozialleistungen zu stärken, d. h.sie lieber durch NGOs …” „… economic and social development of developingcountries.”In diesem Zusammenhang wird NGOs beispielsweise …” „… Demokratieförderung tätigenNGOs (USAID/DG 1994: 8). In der Tat hat das DG eine Fülle von Konzeptpapieren …”

Zivilgesellschaft in handlungsrelevanten entwicklungspolitischen Konzepten S. 135-144

„… , nichterwünscht ist. Zivilgesellschaft bzw. NGOs sind durch das Konzept der intersektoralenPartnerschaft sozusagen …” „… sich nur in Diamond 1999; in Diamond 2004, einer Ansprache vorirakischen NGOs, werden die Funktionen …” „… Föderalismus, Dezentralisierung, NGOs und communitiesbzw. Zivilgesellschaft betrachtet Fukuyama als …”

Zivilgesellschaftsförderung als Teilstrategie der Demokratieförderung S. 288-293

„… 1994:„However, until recently, the creation and strengthening of NGOs was done on a sectorspecific …” „… responsiveness or functioning of individual governments.[…] The creation and strengthening of NGOs [in the …” „… “ (USAID: 1999b: 19). Durchfüh-6.2.2288rungsorganisationen gingen daher dazu über, mehr Schlüssel-NGOs in …”

Handlungsleitende Dimensionen der US-Zivilgesellschaftspolitik S. 149-153

„… boomendes Phänomen, die NGOs, mit einem erprobtenPolitikinstrument in Zusammenhang. NGOs als (nicht mehr …” „… Kooperation mit NGOs und der Förderung von Zivilgesellschaft. Zu formen, was andere sichwünschen, die Agenda …” „… aufgeladen. Zivilgesellschaft auf NGOs zu verengen,entspricht zwar nicht dem liberalen (und auch nicht …”

Die veränderte Rolle der Gewerkschaften S. 468-470

„… eine eigenständige Kategorie neben den sonstigen NGOs. Auchin den Strategieplänen von 1996, 1997 und …” „… manein „enabling environment“ in elf Zielländern für NGOs anstrebte, machte man dies in 18Ländern für die …” „… Gewerkschaften, und während man in nur fünf Ländern Kampagnen durchNGOs unterstützte, förderte man in 28 Ländern …”

US-Zivilgesellschaftsförderung: Trotz ideologischer Konformität ein Opfer nationaler Interessen S. 513-518

„… Bürokratiehürden abzubauen; NGOs werden darin geschult, durch entsprechende Lobby- und advocacy-Arbeit Regierungen …” „… Verhaltenskodizes durch Gewerkschaften und NGOs auf die politische Agenda diverser Staaten zu setzen. Und sie legt …” „… vonNGOs und anderen zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren manipuliert und ihr Handeln so in einebestimmte …”

Zivilgesellschaft und Regimewandel im postsowjetischen Raum S. 381-419

„… US-NGOs daran beteiligt, so dass – auchaus US-Perspektive – eine gewisse Unübersichtlichkeit über die …” „… NGOs und tausende unabhängigelokale Sender geschaffen zu haben. Obwohl diese Zahl beachtlich klingt …” „… hat,zurück. Bei den 65.000 NGOs bleibt zu bedenken, dass ein Großteil ebenfalls dem wirtschaftlichen Sektor …”

Kastenverzeichnis S. 21

„… mit PVOs und NGOs 226Kasten 6: Ausgewählte USAID-Finanzierungsmechanismen für PVOs und NGOs 229Kasten …” „… , 13.-15. Januar 2003, Mauritius483Kasten 20: Ausgewählte, die NGOs betreffende Forderungen aus dem …”

Entwicklungspolitische Debatten zur Zivilgesellschaft S. 28-30

„… Verhältnis NGOs-Geberund NGOs-Zivilgesellschaft (z. B. Fowler 1993; Hammami 1995; Clayton (Hg.) 1996 …” „… internationalen Beziehungen auseinander. Autoren, die explizit die Perspektive vonNGOs bzw. Zivilgesellschaft als …” „… sieüberwiegend eine Perspektive einnimmt, die NGOs und andere nichtstaatliche Akteure alsneue player, also …”

Zentralisierung entwicklungspolitischer Kompetenzen im State Department S. 190-196

„… sich nun mitder Frage, wie sich die Beziehungen zwischen US-Regierung und NGOs heute gestalten.Im …” „… development ihre neue Bezeichnung gefunden. Danach werden zuerst die Rolleder NGOs in der …” „… betrachtet. Dabei zeichnet sich inbeiden Feldern eine zunehmende Einbindung von NGOs einerseits bei …”

Zivilgesellschaft, Demokratisierung und Globalisierung S. 177-179

„… verstanden als NGOs, kommt auch in außenpolitischen Strategiepapieren zum Ausdruck. Wollte man ausschließlich …” „… NGOs, multinationalen Konzernen und transnationalen Hilfsorganisationen enger zusammenzuarbeiten …” „… NGOs und Co. eher nüchtern – wennüberhaupt – berücksichtigt, z. B. als jemand „we will continue to work …”

Internationale Aktivitäten des DRL S. 319-320

„… für die Kooperation mit Süd-NGOs und die Förderungvon Zivilgesellschaft relevant sind, ist jedoch …” „… eine große Nähe zum politischen Apparat auf. Trotzdem sind sie formal betrachtet NGOs und werden als …” „… unabhängige NGOs und Verbände, dieAufgrund ihrer gesellschaftlichen Stellung aber so gewichtig sind, dass der …”

Zivilgesellschaft und Regimewechsel (pre-breakthrough countries) S. 367-381

„… man alternative Berichterstattung und NGOs in dem Land fördert. Haassbeschreibt diesen Weg als …” „… militärischen Güternzu versorgen. Parallel unterstützte man Individuen und NGOs, die sich für einen …” „… , lokale Medienförderung, der Entwicklung („development of“)prodemokratischer NGOs und …”

Zivilgesellschaft, nichtstaatliche Akteure und Terrorismusgefahr S. 179-181

„… Notwendigkeit unterstrichen, mit NGOs, multinationalen Konzernen und transnationalen Hilfsorganisationen enger …” „… werden NGOs und Co. eher nüchtern – wennüberhaupt – berücksichtigt, z. B. als jemand „we will continue to …” „… business, and a market economy” in der Prioritätenliste wieder nach oben (White House/NSS 2006: 4). NGOs …”

Mittelallokation des HRDF nach Inhalten und begünstigten Akteuren S. 316-319

„… Menschenrechtsverbrechen (vgl. Abb. 20). Auf Menschenrechts-NGOs als solche entfallen, soweit nachvollziehbar, nur knapp …” „… AkteurstypJournalisten/-verbände11,05%prodemokratische Akteuren (NGOs u.a.)11,59%Unternehmen/ Wirtschaftsverbände0,28 …” „… Akteure, wohinter sich allerdings nichtunbedingt nur NGOs und Aktivisten verbergen müssen, sondern auch …”

(Public) diplomacy zu Gunsten religiöser Akteure S. 261-266

„… Entwicklungspolitik: NGOs als Gewinner undVerliererInsgesamt ist sowohl für die klassische Entwicklungszusammenarbeit …” „… wurde durch mehrere neue institutionelle Arrangements aufgewertet. Auch die Bedeutung der NGOs und …” „… zu beachten. Obwohl rhetorisch NGOs und zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure im Vordergrund standen, wurde …”

Mittelallokation des HRDF nach Ländern bzw. Regionen S. 309-316

„… derliberalen Demokratie zu beschreiten. Im Falle autoritärer Regime wollte man vor allemNGOs unterstützen …” „… Aktivitäten sollten im Wesentlichen mittels US-NGOs durchgeführt werden. Namentlich als NGO-Partner genannt …” „… südkoreanische NGOs zur dortigen Menschenrechtsbeobachtung finanziertwerden.Abb. 19: Prioritäre Regionen/Länder …”

Aufbau der Middle East Partnership Initiative S. 419-425

„… Titel Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic Futur ein NGO-Unterstützungsnetzwerk aufbaut (FY2005), NGOs in der …” „… Mittel an vier Adressatengruppen:USAID Washington, US-Botschaften, nichtstaatliche Akteure (NGOs und …” „… unmittelbar an NGOs und privatwirtschaftliche Akteure, was 33 Prozent des Gesamtbudgets entspricht (vgl. Abb …”

Der Preis der Zivilgesellschaftsförderung: die Monetarisierung von Nahrungsmittelhilfe S. 454-459

„… Programme (WFP) und NGOs und eben auch Genossenschaften(FAO 2006: 13-15). Die Einnahmen aus den Verkäufen …” „… USAIDverwaltet, Title I von USDA. Von der Monetarisierung durch NGOs und CDOs besondersbetroffen sind vier bzw …” „… Congress on Food Aid Monetization, 2001, Table 1.In allen vier genannten Programmen werden NGOs und …”

Wirtschaftliche Globalisierung und Zivilgesellschaft S. 503-507

„… orientierten,professionellen lokalen NGOs, die mit einem ebenfalls etablierten amerikanischen counterpart zusammenarbeiten. Für …” „… kommt den Genossenschaften sozusagen eine ähnlicheRolle wie den NGOs im Bereich der sozialen …” „… auch nicht tut,dort übernehmen NGOs die Aufgaben, oder es werden public private partnerships …”

Programmatischer Rahmen der US-Zivilgesellschaftsförderung S. 273-281

„… zuzuordnen (siehe Kapitel 1). Zur entwicklungspolitischen Praxis der USA gehört auch dieFörderung von NGOs …” „… klassische bilaterale Kooperation beschränkt bleiben. DieZusammenarbeit mit NGOs und die ohnehin vielfach …” „… Sozialleistungen zu stärken, d. h.sie lieber durch NGOs statt durch staatliche Institutionen erbringen zu lassen …”

Aufstieg der civil society zur nationalen Identität S. 173-177

„… Partnerschaft zuermessen (Clinton 2000b). Diese thematisiert die Rolle von NGOs für die Innen- wie auchdie …” „… Bedeutung für die Sozialpolitik im Inland. Das Verständnisvon Partnerschaft und der Rolle von NGOs ist dabei …” „… GlobalisierungDie Rolle der Zivilgesellschaft, häufig verstanden als NGOs, kommt auch in außenpolitischen …”

Zivilgesellschaft in den Internationalen Beziehungen S. 30-31

„… vonNGOs bzw. Zivilgesellschaft als Aktivisten auf internationaler Bühne einnehmen, sindMargaret Keck und …” „… internationalen Zivilgesellschaft ist, dass sieüberwiegend eine Perspektive einnimmt, die NGOs und andere …”

Zivilgesellschaft und die Community of Democracies – ein Fazit S. 366-367

„… Teil allerdings ausgesprochen verflochten, so dass kaum unterschieden werden kann, ob sich US-NGOs …” „… US-NGOs,insbesondere auf das von der NED initiierte WMD zurückgreifen. Das WMD kann dabeinicht als genuine Bewegung von …”

Die neue globale Agenda der NED – internationale Öffentlichkeit und Vernetzung S. 299-304

„… als Redner auf Veranstaltungen der internationalen Arbeiterbewegung, von NGOs und von Regierungen …” „… er gründete er eine Reihe russischer und internationaler NGOs im Bereich Zivilgesellschaftsförderung …” „… von russischen und internationalen NGOs für den Aufbau demokratischer Institutionen,Zivilgesellschaft …”

Genossenschaften – Business im demokratischen Gewand S. 448-454

„… arbeitete man an dem Gesetz zu sogenannten „business-NGOs“ mitund warb für public private partnerships; in …” „… implementierenden Organisationenwie dem World Food Programme (WFP) und NGOs und eben auch Genossenschaften(FAO 2006 …” „… durch NGOs und CDOs besondersbetroffen sind vier bzw. fünf Programme: P.L. 480/Title II von 1954 über …”

Regionale Schwerpunkte der USAID Zivilgesellschaftsförderung S. 293-296

„… demand-side für denAufbau demokratischer Institutionen, also die Förderung von advocacy-NGOs. EinenSchwerpunkt …” „… größtenEntfaltungschancen für zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure sieht. Gleichwohl versucht man parallel NGOs im sozialen …”

US-Zivilgesellschaftsförderung, mehr Motor als Stoßdämpfer der Globalisierung S. 491-494

„… zieht mandie Einbindung von NGOs jener von Gewerkschaften vor. Letztere werden vom USTR493mitunter eher …” „… Betätigungsfeld vieler NGOs, misst man offenbar mehr Bedeutung beials der Gewerkschaftsförderung.Insgesamt zeigt …”

Veränderungen im klassischen grant-Programm S. 304-309

„… derliberalen Demokratie zu beschreiten. Im Falle autoritärer Regime wollte man vor allemNGOs unterstützen …” „… Aktivitäten sollten im Wesentlichen mittels US-NGOs durchgeführt werden. Namentlich als NGO-Partner genannt …”

Literatur und Datenquellen S. 523-578

„… 13.2.2008).Clayton, Andrew (Hrsg.), NGOs, Civil Society and the State. Building Democracy in …” „… );www.tc.columbia.edu/cice/Archives/1.1/11edwards_hulme.pdf (LZ 12.3.2004).Ehlers, Kai, NGOs in Russland. Achtung: Grenzüberschreitung …” „… International Famine Center, Ambiguity and Change: Humanitarian NGOs Prepare for theFuture, A report prepared …”

Rolle der Zivilgesellschaft bei der Förderung von AS-Standards S. 465-468

„… „NGOs and community based coalitions oradvocacy groups”; Social Accountability International (vormals …” „… USD).Insgesamt umfassten die Zuschüsse des State Department, die direkt an diese NGOs gingen,etwa drei Mio. USD …” „… Zuschüsse von 25.000 bis 150.000 USD an NGOsvergeben wurden, die sich in konkreten Einzelfällen gegen …”

Ansätze der Politikfeld- und außenpolitischen Forschung als Hintergrundtheorien S. 44-48

„… (Kapitel 3) und aus der Definition nationalerInteressen (Kapitel 4). Sie mit NGOs …” „… hinausgehende)Terrorismusbekämpfung, die globale Umweltpolitik der US-Regierung und ihre Unterstützung von Umwelt-NGOs sowie die …”

Partner des State Department S. 337-341

„… Antisemitismus ein. Sie gehört außerdem der Globe forDafur-Koalition von NGOs an, die eine starke Unterstützung …” „… coregrantees und anderen spezialisierten NGOs auf der einen Seite und den in der Administration zuständigen …”

Die politische Reformagenda der MEPI S. 425-430

„… Mentoringund Training begleitet (1,25 Mio. USD); dann das Programm des Aspen Institute, das nichtnur NGOs und …” „… andere zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure unterstützen. „Civil society organizations andNGOs are being …”

Tabellenverzeichnis S. 20

„… US-Genossenschaften durch die US-Regierung 328Tabelle 8: NED Mittelvergabe 1990-2006 an core grantees und andere NGOs …”

Boom der FBOs in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit S. 253-261

„… DOS eine Kultur der Kooperation mit NGOs zu implementieren undsich zu ihren Fürsprechen aufzuschwingen …” „… mit jener von Umwelt-NGOs, diebei ihrem Personal ebenfalls darauf achten würden, dass dieses die …”

Giving business a voice S. 439-448

„… of civil society“ zählte esgemäß der liberalen Lesart nicht nur NGOs, Gewerkschaften und …” „… reformiertwurde; in Russland arbeitete man an dem Gesetz zu sogenannten „business-NGOs“ mitund warb für public …”

Zwischenbilanz: Ein Akteursnetz für empowerment? S. 341-343

„… (quasi)nichtstaatlichen Institutionen Freedom House, NED, deren coregrantees und anderen spezialisierten NGOs auf der …”

Einleitung S. 22-25

„… Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs) auf großes Echo und entsprach Forderungen, die sie seit langem an die Gebergemeinschaft der …”

Die ambivalente Rolle privater Akteure für das nationale Interesse S. 156-158

„… transnationaler NGOs und ihrer Agenden mehr Beachtung geschenkt. Viele Experten sehen dieEntwicklung einer …”

Arbeits- und Sozialstandards im AGOA S. 474-476

„… sind Foren der Privatwirtschaft und von NGOs vorgesehen (Sec. 105(c)(2)). Geschaffen wurde das AGOA …”

Der „neue“ Länderfokus der NED – pre-breakthrough countries S. 296-299

„… zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure sieht. Gleichwohl versucht man parallel NGOs im sozialen Dienstleistungsbereich aufzubauen …”

Die Rolle der Gewerkschaftsförderung S. 488-491

„… orientiertenNGOs scheint sich auf das Monitoring des im AGOA geforderten Engagements im Sozialbereich zu …”

Zentralisierung der public diplomacy im State Department S. 196-199

„… Fragen, Paula Dobriansky, NGOs als „our most important partners“ der transformational diplomacy …”

Die Rolle der Zivilgesellschaft im Lichte von Idee und Interesse S. 518-522

„… zunehmend überNGOs und andere nichtstaatliche Akteure gelenkt wurden; die international tätigen …” „… Stellen deutlich: US-NGOsbzw. PVOs trugen stark dazu bei, dass staatliche Entwicklungshilfemittel …”

Die ökonomische Reformagenda der MEPI S. 430-434

„… während der 1990er Jahre in den arabischen Ländern – Professionalisierung von NGOs, Kandidatentraining …”

Analyserahmen für einen ideen- versus interessengeleiteten Umgang mit Zivilgesellschaft S. 40-44

„… (Kapitel 3) und aus der Definition nationalerInteressen (Kapitel 4). Sie mit NGOs …”

Einende Aspekte und unterschiedliche Strömungen im Kommunitarismus S. 101-105

„… Nichtregierungsorganisationen(NGOs) in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit sowie in den internationalen Beziehungen.Eine solche Debatte …”

Demokratisierung und Zivilgesellschaft S. 499-503

„… etablierten, westlich orientierten,professionellen lokalen NGOs, die mit einem ebenfalls etablierten …”

Die US-amerikanische Idee von der Zivilgesellschaft als Teil von Machtpolitik S. 509-513

„… Propagandainstrumente, Austausch- und Kulturprogramme und nicht minder die Förderung von NGOs(Kapitel 3.3.2). Dieses …”

NED core grantees S. 332-337

„… 2000-2006.Tabelle 8: NED Mittelvergabe 1990-2006 an core grantees und andere NGOsACILS CIPE NDI IRI Andere …”

Die Haltung ausgewählter Autoren zur Zivilgesellschaftsförderung S. 131-135

„… Einbindung von NGOsin die staatliche Fürsorge eingesetzt hatte. Dies tut Salamon insbesondere auch im …”

Die Verankerung von Arbeits- und Sozialstandards in Handelsabkommen S. 459-463

„… NGOswie dem Third World Network. Solche Bedenken gab es aber zu keiner Zeit in der Regierung, dem Kongress …”

„Internationale“ core labor standards zum Schutze amerikanischer Arbeiter S. 463-465

„… NGOswie dem Third World Network. Solche Bedenken gab es aber zu keiner Zeit in der Regierung, dem Kongress …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845224282

Nina Gillmann - Interagency Coordination During Disaster

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Nina Gillmann

Interagency Coordination During Disaster

Series: The United Nations and Global Change

Volume 4 2010

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Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) S. 122-129

„… Organizations (NGOs)Non-governmental humanitarian organizations have evolved into a crucial pillarof the …” „… , experiences in the fieldwith regard to the participation and consultation of NGOs and other non-UN …” „… ), there are about 3,000-4,000 western-basedNGOs that operate internationally, though most of them do …”

The Structure of Interests among Humanitarian Actors S. 254-265

„… abetter "buy-in" or more successful integration of NGOs into the UN's overall coordination activities in …” „… Khartoum. Not all of these factors are relational per se. Forexample, it should be noted that most NGOs …” „… few of the bigger international NGOs founded a semi-officialNGO forum in Khartoum as a means to …”

Initial Set-up and Structure of the International Humanitarian Response S. 215-225

„… whole,the donor community, and NGOs."883 The performance deficits, but also the achievements of the …” „… Sudanese refugees in Chad."884 In the following months, the UN andinternational NGOs established and …” „… committees and crosssectoral coordination meetings involving UN agencies, NGOs, and other humanitarian actors …”

Achievements and Disappointments S. 225-237

„… less, most NGOs also accredited some value to the coordination activities at statelevel …” „… , particularly with regard to camp coordination. For example, by the end of 2004, international NGOs and the ICRC …” „… approximate 57 percent ofthe IDP population at the time,921 while the share of camps run by NGOs or …”

Improving Humanitarian Practices – Tentative Suggestions S. 304-314

„… actors, in particular to NGOs thattend to do the bulk of program implementation in the field. One …” „… have better knowledge of the intricate modus operandi of NGOs, butwhose employment also sends a strong …” „… (particularly between the UN and NGOs) – could be avoided as well.6.2.4.31178 OCHA (2003c).310Both sets of …”

The Humanitarian UN Agencies S. 114-122

„… forces, e.g., AU or NATO Other belligerents, e.g., rebel forces, ilitiLarge NGOsForeign Red …” „… Cross/Crescent SocietiesUN humanitarian agenciesm asLocal and foreign NGOsNational agenciesNational Red …” „… (NGOs)Non-governmental humanitarian organizations have evolved into a crucial pillarof the international humanitarian …”

Second Generation Studies – The New Millennium and Humanitarian Reform S. 61-69

„… , Minear(2005) also confirms that OCHA had lacked authority not only vis-à-vis NGOs,but also vis-à-vis …” „… assess the humanitarian response capacities of the UN, NGOs, Red Cross/Crescent Movement,and other key …” „… vis-à-vis other actors.192 Also, generally, interaction among and betweenUN agencies and NGOs tended to be …”

Internal Capacity and External Legitimacy of the Most Critical Actor(s) S. 267-276

„… . Instead,all UN agencies and most NGOs have independent financial resources, while theHC/RC disposes of only 15 …” „… regard to the HC/RC's relationship with NGOs, is the association – wrong or not – of the HC/RC with …” „… threeNGOs, namely the IRC, MSF-Holland, and Save the Children UK. The followingsection analyzes at all four …”

Bilateralization of Humanitarian Aid S. 86-92

„… humanitarian aid (i.e., through the UN) in favor of bilateralchannels (i.e. through NGOs or other bilateral …” „… ICRC, IFRC, IOM313329United Nations63645448 51EU NGOs1997a 1999a 2001 2003 2005a Brusset/Tiberghien …” „… 13).311 However, while for other donors bilateral spending often reflects a preference for NGOs from their …”

Network Catalysts S. 241-250

„… interviewee said that "OCHA proved an effective coordinator with local NGOs,whenever it deployed highly …” „… emergencyin Sudan. All UN agencies and most of the bigger international NGOs also operatein the South of Sudan …” „… operations, the three largest international NGOs working in South Darfur –IRC, MSF-Holland, and Save the …”

Purpose of the Study S. 21-30

„… internationalnon-governmental organizations (NGOs) feel obliged to participate – if only to gain1.19 A notable exception is, for …” „… forgottenhumanitarian crisis worldwide"11 – saw only five international NGOs operatingwithin its borders.12 By contrast …” „… and foreign NGOs rushed tothe field, alongside all major UN agencies, the national army, and foreign …”

Summary and Concluding Remarks S. 143-146

„… discipline, NGOs, by contrast, are renownedfor consensus orientation. Also, humanitarians often have very …” „… risk-averse than many NGOs, and themilitary being more risk-averse still.609 All these aspects complicate the …” „… habits. On the one hand, the discussionof financial trends has shown that donors increasingly favor NGOs …”

Key Terms and Definitions S. 323-336

„… staff, supplies, equipment, funding to recipient governments, and funding to NGOs. It also includes …” „… country-specific work planthat encompasses UN agencies and many NGOs, outlining the strategic and operational plan …” „… Movement, NGOs, NGO consortia) for a specifichumanitarian emergency. More recently, the CAP has also been …”

The Network as a Suitable Analytical Model for Humanitarian Relief S. 163-169

„… similar components, for example, NGOs,who compete for scarce resources or domains of action. According to …” „… Stoddard (2003) noted with regard to interpersonal links between large NGOs, "despite [their] different …” „… large official donors when a crisis arises. While NGOs traditionally attempt to distancethemselves from …”

The Changing Role of the Humanitarian UN Agencies S. 103-106

„… caused by the proliferation of operationalNGOs in the field), but more so in standard setting …” „… that "the UN agencies [are] getting better in terms oftheir interface with NGOs. Certain agencies that …” „… in the past took a very directive[…] approach, treating NGOs basically as subcontractors, were seen …”

International Relations Theories and the Role of International Non-State Actors S. 147-152

„… chapters, coordination between different humanitarian actors, i.e., United Nations agencies, NGOs, and the …” „… .615 Similarly, other international non-state actors (for example, internationalNGOs or multi-national …” „… facilitated by international corporations or NGOs, "constitute a primary tool toprevent wars,"620 no coherent …”

Preferred vs. Actual Coordination Types S. 276-286

„… amongthese actors and thus of little relevance to the implementing agencies in the field(mainly NGOs). That …” „… scenario that evolved for this particular set ofNGOs in South Darfur, one finds an almost identical setup …” „… coordination. However, giventhe strong anti-hierarchical culture of most NGOs, and particularly of their …”

First Generation Studies – the 1990s S. 51-61

„… , and NGOs. Whatis more, depending on whether a study is commissioned (and as such typicallyundertaken …” „… representatives of the United Nations, the Red Cross/Crescent Movement, and NGOs. See Borton (1996), preface.110 …” „… families (UN, Red Cross/Crescent Movement, NGOs), but alsoamong members of the same family, which often …”

Politicization of Humanitarian Aid S. 110-114

„… humanitarianism, only few organizations could resist. Besides, many NGOs – above all thosewith roots in …” „… operations. Anotherfactor contributing to the goal expansion of NGOs is the desire of organizations …” „… NGOs enter into the "logic of transformation and the world of politics". See Barnett (2005a), p. 3.455 …”

Donor Concentration S. 84-86

„… field. Many NGOs originally active in development and human rights have hence added emergency capacities …” „… organizations, particularly NGOs, for institutional survival and the growing politicization of the purposesof …” „… NGOs or other bilateral partners); an increased earmarkingof funds; and, finally, the concentration of …”

Governmental and Military Actors S. 137-143

„… own operational capacity,584 while CIDA, Danida, and ECHO are entirely dependent onNGOs, the Red Cross …” „… humanitarian community fora number of years. Many actors, above all NGOs, fear that the delivery of …” „… hierarchical discipline, NGOs, by contrast, are renownedfor consensus orientation. Also, humanitarians often …”

Development of Network Characteristics S. 237-241

„… pillars of the humanitarian system – UN, Red Cross/CrescentMovement, and NGOs971 – at semi-annual …” „… Cross/Crescent Movement are represented by the IFRCand NGOs by the ICVA. The UN humanitarian agencies are …” „… politicalenvironment has been a strong driver for NGOs to overcome their egocentric tendencies and to build sustained …”

Applicability of International Relations Theories to the Coordination of Humanitarian Relief S. 152-153

„… than IGOs, NGOs, or multi-national corporations,are the primary actors in international affairs.627 …” „… among UN, NGOs, and the Red Cross/Crescent Movement on humanitariancoordination issues.631 Thus …”

Summary and Concluding Remarks S. 286-288

„… 's so-called cooperating partners, inparticular smaller NGOs, whose "poor practices"1162 impaired the …” „… the cost of some smaller, less experienced localNGOs, which was due to the aforementioned performance …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Erlangen-NürnbergBand ?Interagency Coordination During DisasterStrategic Choices for the UN, NGOs, and other …” „… 114The Humanitarian UN Agencies3.5.1 116Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)3.5.2 122The Red Cross …”

Humanitarian vs. Development Aid S. 81-84

„… attracted new actors into the field. Many NGOs originally active in development and human rights have hence …” „… humanitarian organizations, particularly NGOs, for institutional survival and the growing politicization of the …”

The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement S. 129-137

„… largerinternational NGOs had a presence until two weeks into the crisis, and it took themeven longer to begin …” „… – thecause of so much delay for many other organizations, particularly NGOs. The sameindependence also …” „… field uncoordinated – much in the style of manyinternational NGOs – still persists and is likely to do …”

Generic Network-Specific Implications S. 300-304

„… authorities/donors should makeoperational access/donations to individual NGOs and UN agencies conditional on301their …” „… the three humanitarian families (i.e., UN, Red Cross/CrescentMovement, NGOs), and other broad …”

Power S. 250-254

„… implied quarterlymeetings with the heads of the main sector-dedicated NGOs to review their activities of …” „… 1994. There, theTanzanian government asked the UNHCR to select a limited range of well-performing NGOs …”

Overview of Major Strands in the Literature S. 43-48

„… donors, the UN, NGOs and Red Cross/Crescent representatives. Today, ALNAP isgoverned by representatives …” „… research initiative underwritten by some 50 UN agencies, governments, NGOs, and foundations. From its …”

Bibliography S. 337-352

„… .Anderson, Mary (1996): Humanitarian NGOs in Conflict Intervention, in: Crocker, C./Hampson,F./Aall, P. (Eds …” „… , Coralie (2001): Going Global: Transforming Relief and DevelopmentNGOs, Bloomfield, 2001.Lipparini …” „… .Stoddard, Abby (2003): Humanitarian NGOs: Challenges and trends, HPG Briefing, (12), London, Humanitarian …”

List of Exhibits and Tables S. 17-20

„… , government agencies and over two hundred NGOs involved in the response during 1994, the centre was weak …”

Proceedings of the Study S. 30-31

„… agencies,non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the Red Cross/Crescent Movement– as well as of governmental and military …”

Summary and Concluding Remarks S. 77-80

„… ., UN, NGOs, RedCross/Crescent Movement). According to organization theorists – particularly …”

Practical Limitations S. 314-316

„… . That way, donorscould provide a strong impulse, particularly for NGOs, to change their attitudestowards …”

Research Assumptions S. 31-34

„… humanitarian agencies,non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the Red Cross/Crescent Movement– as well as of …”

Coordination in Organization Theory – A Brief Introduction S. 153-156

„… disciplines to inform the ongoing policydialog among UN, NGOs, and the Red Cross/Crescent Movement on …”

UN Coordination Revisited S. 172-175

„… , some countries, notably Somalia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, haveappointed NGOs as …”

Donini Revisited S. 175-179

„… example, in 2005 the government of Indonesia threatened toexpel all NGOs who would not submit to the …”

Summary of Findings S. 289-295

„… actors(i.e., the UN, NGOs, and the Red Cross/Crescent Movement et cetera). Second,they have also …” „… or Fragmented Collective, and only one group of actors – those NGOsparticipating in intersectoral …”

The Cluster Approach S. 98-103

„… larger international NGOs, remainsessentially unaltered, the Cluster Approach does introduce a few …”

First Forays into Applying Lessons from Organization Science to Humanitarian Relief S. 71-77

„… such as inclusiveness and humanitarianism without actually giving NGOs a greater voice, or providing …”

The Humanitarian Coordinator System S. 92-98

„… betweensector members, particularly UN agencies and larger international NGOs, remainsessentially unaltered, the …” „… the wayit is currently positioned by the HRA. This also seems to be the view of many NGOswho …”

The Relevant Context of Coordination S. 179-189

„… humanitarian aid(one of the most obvious divides in that respect is that between secular vs. faithbased NGOs782 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845226019

Sylvia Yazid - Indonesia's Civil Society in the Age of Democratization

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Sylvia Yazid

Indonesia's Civil Society in the Age of Democratization

Series: Transformation, Development, and Regionalization in Greater Asia

Volume 11 2013

Results in this title

NGOs in a Democratizing Indonesia S. 17-23

„… NGOs deal with the state, it goes beyond merely discussing NGO-state relationships. Based on the twin …” „… Introduction This book investigates the activism of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with …” „… book aims to assess the roles of Indonesian NGOs in promoting the rights of Indonesian women migrant …”

NGOs in New Order Indonesia S. 99-103

„… 99 5. Contextualizing Indonesian NGOs’ Involvement in the Labor Migration System This chapter …” „… aims to understand the context within which Indonesian NGOs conduct their activism on behalf of women …” „… environment on the activism of NGOs, particularly those concerned with the issue of women migrant workers. It …”

NGOs’ Relationships with Other Actors S. 42-43

„… between NGOs and the policy-makers who constitute elements of the state. A focus on NGOstate relationships …” „… 42 open, many NGOs are still expressing frustration about their efforts to influence government …” „… policies. 2.2.2 NGOs’ Relationships with Other Actors This book is also concerned with the complex …”

Democratization, Globalization, and NGOs’ Transnational Activism S. 47-52

„… 47 zations (NGOs) and unions, their activities and the relationships among them.39 In her other …” „… work, Ford examines the activism of migrant labor NGOs, migrant labor associations, and unions in …” „… labor migration, which includes migrant labor organizations, NGOs, networks, and unions. She gives a …”

NGOs and the Policy-Making Process S. 43-45

„… 43 Analysis of the work of the NGOs in this book is based on the assumption that NGOs are …” „… of the context in which NGOs operate and interact with other actors, also known as political space …” „… , this political space is sensitive and ever-changing because all actors, including NGOs, generally …”

NGOs’ Criticisms of the Bill S. 157-161

„… 157 the main causes of the NGOs’ disappointment and criticisms of the law, which will be discussed …” „… further in the next section. 6.2.2 NGOs’ Criticisms of the Bill Although Indonesian NGOs had been …” „… NGOs, this brought back bad memories of the policy instruments they had been criticizing, the …”

NGOs and the Issue of Migrant Workers S. 45-47

„… 45 2.4 NGOs and the Issue of Migrant Workers A continuously growing number of publications on …” „… efforts made by civil society organizations, such as NGOs, to promote the rights of migrant workers, and …” „… book contributes by looking at the roles of NGOs in influencing the policies on labor migration in …”

NGOs’ Activism after the Law Was Passed S. 161-167

„… 161 6.3 NGOs’ Activism after the Law Was Passed In the early days after Law No. 39/2004 was …” „… passed, some NGOs considered requesting a judicial review of the law by the Constitutional Court …” „… only be assumed that this discourse emerged from NGOs’ dissatisfaction of the law-making process and …”

Post-New Order, NGOs in Reformasi Indonesia S. 103-106

„… are available for NGO activism? 5.1.2 Post-New Order, NGOs in Reformasi Indonesia The economic …” „… , collusion and nepotism intensified.20 Rather than discussing how Indonesian NGOs became one of the agents of …” „… regulations that controlled organizational activities.22 After the financial crisis in 1997, more NGOs were …”

Involvement of NGOs in the Law-Making Process S. 140-147

„… of personal achievement.33 The main debate between the government and the NGOs concerned the time …” „… allocated to work on the bill and whether it accommodated the NGOs’ inputs. The government claimed that …” „… , including NGOs. However, most NGOs argued that that they were not adequately involved in this process and …”

NGOs’ Activism after the Signing of the MoU S. 220-225

„… look into NGOs’ activities after the MoU was signed, particularly those aimed at campaigning for the …” „… revision of the 2006 MoU. 8.2.2 NGOs’ Activism after the Signing of the MoU In the view of Agusman, the …” „… NGOs.90 Thus, it seems that for NGOs to influence the implementation and/or to push for an amendment …”

The Government’s and NGOs’ Views on the MoU S. 213-220

„… the MoU was signed. 8.2 After the Signing of the 2006 MoU 8.2.1 The Government’s and NGOs’ Views on …” „… the MoU After the MoU was signed, while the governments praised the signing of this MoU, the NGOs …” „… started to campaign against it. Thus, this section will look into the government’s and NGOs’ view on the …”

Responding to Democratization S. 248-254

„… 248 it pushed the NGOs to seek various ways to channel their voices which led them to various …” „… . Chapter 9 again highlights a learning process where initially the NGOs turned to transnational activism …” „… Era in Indonesia has brought changes that create both opportunities and challenges for the NGOs. As …”

Development of NGO Activism in Indonesia S. 39-42

„… government policies and efforts made by stakeholders, including NGOs. It is apparent that problems occur even …” „… countries by focusing on the efforts made by the NGOs to influence the labor migration policies of a sending …” „… country. 2.2 NGOs in Indonesia There are various ways of defining NGOs and categorizing them. In …”

Structure of the Book S. 33-36

„… associations, many assisted by NGOs. Although they use the word serikat or union in their names, it is still …” „… debatable whether they truly function as unions or whether they are more like NGOs. Part of this book looks …” „… into how NGOs, which adopted the migrant labor issue earlier and have been key civil society actors on …”

Cooperation with State Institutions S. 174-182

„… above challenges, significant cooperation between NGOs has occurred within or through the networks …” „… . Since factors like differences and rivalries have prevented direct cooperation between them, the NGOs …” „… cooperation between NGOs, which are naturally competitors outside the networks, becomes more acceptable and …”

Carving out an Influential Role S. 257-260

„… cooperation in exposing and handling cases, learning from other NGOs, and increasing their reputation as an …” „… agreeing to the proposition put forward by authors like Ford for NGOs to increase their transnational …” „… state and elements of civil society such as NGOs and put them in opposing positions. I would rather …”

Networking S. 227-235

„… Context of Globalization The previous chapter, Chapter 8, concentrated on the efforts made by NGOs …” „… directly aimed at influencing foreign policies on migrant workers. It provided a parallel with the NGOs …” „… Chapter 6. As in Chapter 7, this chapter will cover the NGOs’ other activities which contribute to and …”

Responding to Globalization S. 254-257

„… agencies, the NGOs have minimal, if no, interaction with them. There is still room for NGOs to further …” „… . In relation to this, NGOs concerned with the issue of migrant workers, including Indonesian NGOs …” „… home and putting pressure on the government. Thus this book is concerned with how NGOs have been …”

Networking S. 169-174

„… Protection of Indonesian Workers Overseas, Law No. 39/2004. We saw how NGOs made use of the opportunities …” „… affected the NGOs’ activism, while taking into account that they are not satisfied with the policy product …” „… . For that reason, this chapter aims to answer the following questions: How have the NGOs continued …”

Conclusion S. 260-264

„… 260 10.5 Conclusion The research for this book has examined the role of two Indonesian NGOs, SP …” „… from NGOs activists, that since the majority of migrant workers are women, in most instances when the …” „… process is both important and challenging for the NGOs. The discussion of their efforts to influence …”

Summary of the Chapters S. 245-248

„… Indonesian NGOs on the issue of women migrant workers, particularly since Reformasi occurred in Indonesia in …” „… conducted a decade after the fall of the New Order regime, it goes beyond discussing how NGOs become agents …” „… civil society elements to develop and improve their activism, it assesses how NGOs have been taking up …”

Labor Migration in Asia S. 37-39

„… 37 2. NGOs and Labor Migration Policies in the Context of Democratization and Globalization: A …” „… Review of Literature In discussing the work of NGOs on a complex and cross-border issue such as labor …” „… filled by NGOs. As for the topic of non-governmental organizations, most of the wellestablished body of …”

Learning and Self-Evaluating S. 190-195

„… bureaucrats’ attention. There are varied views from the government side on how NGOs have frequently gained …” „… the other hand said that NGOs’ publicity efforts could be useful in putting pressure on the Malaysian …” „… takes time. Both the media and the NGOs have benefited from their mutual engagement. With the lack of …”

Conclusion S. 52-54

„… equally strong activism at home. Thus, this book is concerned with whether the Indonesian NGOs’ efforts to …” „… temporary economic migration.71 In relation to this, this book looks into the transinstitutional NGOs …” „… ’ networking efforts by first identifying the regional and international partners that the NGOs have been …”

The Process of Making the MoU on Informal Workers: With or Without NGO Involvement? S. 204-213

„… investigating the extent to which the NGOs were involved. 8.1.2 The Process of Making the MoU on Informal …” „… the MoU formulation. Its emphasis is more on how both the government and the NGOs perceived the …” „… Foreign Affairs, and the NGOs researched, SP and Migrant CARE. The Government’s Point of View Considering …”

Taking up the Issue and Organizing Themselves S. 106-110

„… NGOs working on the issue of migrant workers. This discussion has identified some of the main political …” „… changes that have occurred in Indonesia during the Reformasi Era in relation to the activism of NGOs. As …” „… challenges for all stakeholders, including NGOs and the government, in adjusting to the new political context …”

Conclusion S. 167-168

„… the 1998 reform and seven years after Kopbumi, the coalition of NGOs, started to push for a law on …” „… have completely met their expectations, but most NGOs admit that it is better to have a law than no law …” „… migrant workers. This chapter has described the NGOs’ involvement in a domestic law-making process. There …”

Working with Ex-NGO Members in Other Institutions S. 182-184

„… 182 of civil society, including NGOs. Nevertheless, the main ministry responsible for the issue …” „… , the MoMT generally takes a distant approach toward NGOs.69 Meanwhile, the government institutions …” „… toward the NGOs is still varied and often conditional. As repeatedly emphasized by Keck and Sikkink …”

Conclusion S. 225-226

„… Indonesian Domestic Workers. The discussion in this chapter has indicated that NGOs’ involvement in the …” „… representatives met the stakeholders, including NGOs, one to discuss inputs for the MoUs and another one after the …” „… it comes to making a foreign policy in the form of agreements with other countries, NGOs tend to be …”

Use of the Media to Influence Policy S. 188-190

„… 188 Cooperation between Jakarta-based NGOs, which have better access to the central government and …” „… , the NGOs’ response will be strongest if they maintain activism and influence policies at both levels …” „… happened in Nunukan in 2002.95 Moreover, since the Jakartabased NGOs have limited resources and coverage …”

Working with Religious Organizations S. 184-185

„… 184 7.1.4 Working with Religious Organizations The activism of Philippine NGOs, including those …” „… become more involved in public issues such as migrant workers. Consequently, more Indonesian NGOs working …” „… larger network, covering remote areas not covered even by local NGOs, which are usually located in the …”

Non-Cooperative Relations with Labor Agencies and SBMI S. 185-187

„… 185 spect toward NGOs but more because of Susilo’s reputation and association with Wahid. Susilo …” „… responsibility to them as his constituents.83 However, it did not serve the NGOs’ cause that well because as …” „… . This shows that while religious organizations may have assisted the NGOs in some of their activities …”

ASEAN S. 235-237

„… 235 network with Malaysian NGOs. His statement reveals that the government has limited knowledge …” „… of what a number of Indonesian NGOs have been doing with Malaysian NGOs and their regional networks …” „… , considering that the cooperation between Indonesian NGOs and Malaysian NGOs, such as Tenaganita, started at …”

Labor Unions and Migrant Workers’ Organizations S. 31-33

„… steps in protecting migrant workers. The above conditions have created space for and motivated NGOs to …” „… NGOs conduct these campaigns, considering that they are dealing with governmental organizations which …” „… allow extremely limited involvement of non-state actors. How do the NGOs access them and what have been …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Women Migrant Workers: An Introduction 17 1.1 NGOs in a Democratizing Indonesia 21 1.2 Labor Migration …” „… 1.3.3 Labor Unions and Migrant Workers’ Organizations 31 1.4 Structure of the Book 33 2. NGOs and …” „… 2.1 Labor Migration in Asia 38 2.2 NGOs in Indonesia 39 2.2.1 Development of NGO Activism in …”

Employing Existing International Instruments S. 240-242

„… NGOs has shown that it tends to be limited to “facilitating” certain activities which are related to …” „… considered as a challenge for the NGOs to adapt to the changing trend in the way these UN bodies work. 9.2 …” „… ratification, their NGOs made efforts to employ other existing regional and international instruments. SP, for …”

Conclusion S. 128-129

„… donor funding.129 Indra Piliang from CSIS claimed that NGOs’ human resources, budget and network with …” „… establish itself and survive; it had not been able to work even with other NGOs. More recently he had seen …” „… handling. 5.3 Conclusion This chapter has explained briefly the roles and positions of Indonesian NGOs …”

Learning and Self-Evaluating S. 242-243

„… articulate an aim of influencing policies of the receiving countries, most probably because the NGOs realize …” „… significant for the NGOs to make influencing policies of receiving countries as one of the priorities in their …” „… agendas. This may be a challenging task considering the NGOs’ limitations, but it is attainable …”

Background S. 197-204

„… relationship that exists between the NGOs and the government in the making of policies on migrant workers and …” „… assessing NGOs’ ability to influence the policy-making process, this chapter will look into NGOs …” „… establishing whether there have been any changes in the way the NGOs and the state interact and why, this …”

Working at the Local/Grassroots Level S. 187-188

„… 187 CARE’s partner, the IMWU. Interaction between NGOs and migrant workers’ organizations only …” „… ” (origin areas), Migrant CARE coordinated and communicated with local NGOs, not limiting its interaction to …” „… NGOs which made the issue of migrant workers their main concern because this type of NGO might not …”

Conclusion S. 243-244

„… country. Through time, the NGOs have come to learn that there is no guarantee for this, and even if the …” „… parliamentary process.61 This indicates that the NGOs have further learned the importance of combining their …” „… domestic, regional and international activism. 9.4 Conclusion NGOs’ disappointment with the content of …”

UN Bodies S. 237-240

„… Malaysia, are members, has made it the most rational channel for the NGOs to push for a regional agreement …” „… rights issues makes NGOs’ advocacy at this level worth continuing. This section again shows that when it …” „… comes to dealing with the government, or in this case a regional governmental organization, NGOs’ effort …”

Conclusion S. 195-196

„… 195 that form the ideal types of NGOs are combined according to the context and organizational …” „… , “mass democracy” is not an option for the two NGOs researched, due to their lack of a mass base. 7.5 …” „… provide adequate protection for women migrant workers, the NGOs have continued to seek and employ …”

Legislative Process S. 135-140

„… proportion. Her statement was highly criticized by the NGOs and the media. She was also compared by the media …” „… workers, most women’s NGOs concentrated on another bill on the elimination of domestic violence.21 In line …” „… government had taken advice from various stakeholders such as labor agencies, workers’ organizations, NGOs …”

Putting the Issue of Migrant Workers on the Policy Agenda S. 130-135

„… 130 6. Influencing Domestic Policy The previous chapter highlighted the need for Indonesian NGOs …” „… 6 and 8 both explain how the NGOs researched have responded to changes within the context of …” „… in the way the NGOs interact with state and why. Also, in examining whether the NGOs have been able …”

Introduction to Solidaritas Perempuan and Migrant CARE S. 111-128

„… that contribute to the success of the Philippine NGOs dealing with the issue of migrant workers. One of …” „… largest in the developing world.63 He argues that the growth of NGOs in the Philippines was due to the …” „… , limiting the growth of NGOs. Yamanaka and Piper also argue that NGOs in the Philippines have benefited from …”

Learning from the Philippines S. 110-111

„… 110 the NGOs claim that they have assisted the establishment of some migrant workers …” „… . There are various factors that contribute to the success of the Philippine NGOs dealing with the issue …” „… NGO community was among the largest in the developing world.63 He argues that the growth of NGOs in …”

Regional and International Instruments S. 29-31

„… monitor the state. Thus, in this book, an understanding of the relationship and interaction between NGOs …” „… and the government will support the analysis of NGOs’ influence on the process of making and …” „… officials which do not include the protection of migrant workers’ rights; and NGOs’ lack of resources to …”

References S. 265-279

„… , Diana C. (2008). Can NGOs Make a Difference? The Challenge of Development Alternatives. London: Zed …” „… . 144-65. Clarke, Gerard (1998). The Politics of NGOs in South-East Asia: Participation and Protest in the …” „… , accessed May 10, 2008. Edwards, Michael (2008). Have NGOs ‘Made a Difference?’ From Manchester to …”

A Change in Indonesian Regulation of Labor Migration S. 147-157

„… initially opened by the private sector. In understanding the NGOs’ rejection of the law, Table 6.3 contrasts …” „… law have been done by migrant workers’ advocates, including NGOs, such as the legal analysis made by …” „… the NGOs’ disappointment and criticisms of the law, which will be discussed further in the next …”

Labor Migration of Indonesian Women S. 23-27

„… relation to this, this book examines the access of NGOs’, as part of civil society, to policy-making …” „… environment of the Reform Era is made not only to assess the NGOs’ relationship with the relevant actors but …” „… also to determine whether the NGOs have identified a window of opportunity to enhance their influence …”

„… representatives and their seats. As described further in Chapter 6 on the NGOs efforts to influence the process of …” „… migrant workers’ advocates. As discussed further in Chapter 6, NGOs have been proactive in assisting the …” „… , depending on their interests and political will. Thus, the main implication of this chapter is that for NGOs …”

The State and the Management of Labor Migration S. 27-29

„… 27 1.3 Arguing for NGO Activism on the Issue of Women Migrant Workers Apart from the NGOs’ own …” „… issues faced by Indonesian women migrant workers, gives legitimacy to the involvement of NGOs in the …” „… interaction between NGOs and the government will support the analysis of NGOs’ influence on the process of …”

Government Involvement in the Migration Process S. 80-84

„… migrant workers and to pressures such as those from civil society groups, including NGOs. In 2002, after …” „… the 2006 MoU between the two countries. Robinson pointed out how certain stakeholders, including NGOs …” „… like SP, opposed prohibition as a solution.10 As reflected in my interviews with the NGOs researched …”

Conclusion S. 98

„… . Thus, the main implication of this chapter is that for NGOs to successfully work with and influence a …” „… the next chapter: Where are NGOs positioned within the existing system and mechanisms, and how do they …”

The State Ministry of Women’s Empowerment S. 94-95

„… ’ advocates, including NGOs, I would argue that it is more a result of the ministry’s internal reform. Many …” „… further in later chapters in this book, many NGOs have continued to cooperate with this ministry in …”

The BNP2TKI S. 89-91

„… workers’ advocates, including NGOs, it still shows preferences on who to work with.36 In 2010, due to a …” „… , which was criticized by the NGOs (see further discussion in chapter 7). 91 4.2.3 The Ministry of …”

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Indonesian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur S. 91-94

„… stakeholders can be seen in its actions such as developing forums to hear the views of NGOs concerned with the …” „… workers’ advocates, including NGOs, I would argue that it is more a result of the ministry’s internal …”

The Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration S. 84-89

„… important to take such information into consideration, since some NGOs have considered this ministry as one …” „… also crucial as a basis for assessing whether the NGOs have engaged and worked with a relatively …”

The Ministry of Social Affairs S. 95-96

„… chapters in this book, many NGOs have continued to cooperate with this ministry in conducting programs to …”

Pre-Departure S. 67-72

„… in Chapter 7, this has put the relationship between NGOs and labor agencies continuously at odds …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845249087

Michaela Zöhrer - Repräsentation ferner Wirklichkeiten

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Michaela Zöhrer

Repräsentation ferner Wirklichkeiten

Series: Rekonstruktive Weltpolitikforschung

Volume 4 2020

Results in this title

10. Die Repräsentationspraxis und imagery internationaler NGOs im Fokus S. 249-270

„… Die Repräsentationspraxis und imagery internationaler NGOs im Fokus In den vorangehenden Kapiteln …” „… habe ich den Fokus kaum dezidiert auf die Repräsentationspraxis internationaler NGOs gelegt, wenngleich …” „… Wirklichkeiten auseinandersetzen, NGOs des Globalen Nordens zu Wissensproduzentinnen neben anderen, insbesondere …”

12. Humanitarismus als legitimierender Kontext für das Zeigen ‚negativer‘ und verletzender Bilder S. 303-330

„… Selbst- und Fremdverständnissen von NGOs und NGO-Repräsentationspraxis (nicht) zum Tragen kommen (Kap …” „… oftmals als Konsequenz eines gestiegenen Wettbewerbsdrucks unter NGOs gedeutet, als Resultat der …” „… (2015) hat ausgehend von Interviews mit Kommunikationsverantwortlichen verschiedener britischer NGOs …”

11. ‚Poverty Porn‘: Gegenwärtige (Selbst-)Kritiken an einer NGO imagery S. 271-302

„… ). Auch die (selbst-)kritische Beobachtung der imagery von NGOs wird seit mehreren Jahrzehnten – und seit …” „… NGOs und Hilfsorganisationen etabliert. Einen festen Platz hat eine entsprechende Metaphorik heute …” „… Repräsentationspraxis von NGOs praktisch entfalten. Dabei beanstande ich durchaus einige der von mir rekonstruierten …”

1. Einleitung: Problematisierungen wissenschaftlicher und humanitärer Wissensproduktion S. 13-46

„… international tätiger Nichtregierungsorganisationen (non-governmental organisations; NGOs) des Globalen Nordens …” „… internationalen Hilfsorganisationen nicht nur eine Vielzahl an international tätigen NGOs. Die von mir bewusst …” „… Begriffsbestimmungen als NGOs geführt werden. Ich werde im Folgenden die beiden Formulierungen – NGOs und …”

Literatur S. 345-380

„… , Joseph H. 2004: The Ethical Dilemmas of International Human Rights and Humanitarian NGOs: Reflections on …” „… : Barbara Budrich. Brühl, Tanja 2010: Representing the People? NGOs in International Negotiations, in …” „… : Steffek, Jens/Hahn, Kristina (Hrsg.): Evaluating Transnational NGOs. Legitimacy, Accountability …”

9. Ambivalenzen und postkoloniale Kontinuitäten humanitärer Bilderwelten und Weltenbilder: Das Beispiel ‚Hungerkind‘ S. 225-248

„… Praxis, die wie beispielsweise diejenige vieler NGOs eine humanitäre Agenda verfolgt. Immer wieder …” „… internationaler NGOs und speziell Spendenaufrufen verknüpft.198 Zugleich ist das ‚Hungerkind‘ Inbegriff und zentra …” „… . Beobachten lässt sich zudem, dass in den Spendenaufrufen vieler Kinderpatenschafts-NGOs selbst dann der Fokus …”

7. Humanitarismus: Historische und begrifflich-konzeptionelle Verortung S. 177-196

„… von NGOs ‚vor Ort‘ (Fernando/Hilhorst 2006: 292). Die Arbeit in den Hauptsitzen im Globalen Norden …” „… NGOs und Hilfsorganisationen stattfände. 156 Beispielsweise in NGO-Forschung werden advokatorische bzw …” „… NGOs zugrunde zu legen. Meines Erachtens geht es hier um unterschiedliche Rollen oder Funktionen, die …”

8. Dimensionen der Problematisierung der Repräsentation ferner Notlagen, Leiden und Gräueltaten S. 197-224

„… Menschenrechts-NGOs visuell anonymisieren und Pseudonyme verwenden. Nissinen (2015: 304) verweist darauf, dass …” „… Klischees kritisiert wird. Beanstandet wird beispielsweise, dass die Repräsentationspraxis von NGOs nicht …” „… ; Nissinen 2015: 301–302). So wird etwa die Repräsentationspraxis von im Globalen Norden ‚beheimateten‘ NGOs …”

13. Schluss: Repräsentation und die Kulturalisierung von Gesellschaft S. 331-342

„… behaupten, dass international tätige NGOs des Globalen Nordens – und vielleicht sogar Praktiker_innen …” „… undertaken presents a challenge to many international advocacy NGOs’ authority and legitimacy …” „… vorgebrachte Kritiken gegenüber Repräsentationspraxen von NGOs zu. Auch in der Hilfscommunity selbst gibt es …”

Epilog und Danksagung S. 343-344

„… zuerst als welt- und ergebnisoffen angenommener Blick, etwa auf die Repräsentationspraxis von NGOs …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… humanitärer Perspektivierung 9.3 244 Die Repräsentationspraxis und imagery internationaler NGOs im Fokus 10 …”

4. Repräsentation nach der Krise der Repräsentation S. 107-130

„… an Spendenplakaten von NGOs, an Blackfacing am Theater oder an Darstellungen von Afrika in …”

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