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Michael O'Hanlon - Military History for the Modern Strategist

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Michael O'Hanlon

Military History for the Modern Strategist

2023

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5. America’s Wars in the Middle East since 1990 S. 239-314

„… 239FIVE Amer i ca’s Wars in the Middle East since 1990 Because this book seeks to provide as …” „… — though my bosses were wise enough not to attempt too precise a prognostication). In the mid-1990s, I …” „… Hussein in Iraq, were dif fer ent. Amer i ca’s Wars in the Middle East since 1990 243Both were …”

6. Three Lessons S. 315-326

„… the 1930s, and some Ameri-can leaders considering how to address Saddam’s 1990 invasion of Ku-wait …” „… the 1990s, however, suffering tragedy in “Black Hawk Down” in Mogadishu, Somalia in 1993, and finding …” „… 1990s, I have been re-flecting on the proper relative roles of futuristic defense thought, on the one …”

Notes S. 327-376

„… Galster, “Af ghan i stan: The Making of U.S. Policy, 1973–1990,” in Na-tional Security Archive, “Volume 2 …” „… Operations Since 1871 (D.C. Heath and Com pany, 1996); and Richard Arthur Preston, Alex Roland, and S …” „… that adding one more book to this short list, with a par tic u lar focus on Amer i ca’s wars since 1861 …”

Preface

„… ca’s major wars since 1861Michael O’Hanlonbrookings institution pressWashington, D.C. Published by …” „… vii1 The American Civil War 12 World War I 533 World War II 1154 Korea and Vietnam 1915 America’s …” „… Wars in the Middle East since 1990 2396 Three Lessons 315Notes 327Index 377viiPreface and …”

Index S. 377-402

„… outcome and, 317; U.S. grand strategy and, 322–24; U.S. troop surge and, 293–302, 309–10, 312; weapons of …” „… ; ISIS and, 280; 9/11 attacks and, 262–63, 287; Taliban providing sanctuary for, 243; U.S. drone strikes …” „… against, 285; al- Zarqawi, U.S. killing of, 273Ambrose, Stephen, 12American Civil War, 1–52; attack and …”

1. The American Civil War S. 1-52

„… nearly destroyed the young United States. More than 10 percent of the country’s total population served …” „… American population only a tenth of today’s, just over 30 million. Thus, deaths in the war constituted …” „… aggregate American losses in both world wars, Korea, Vietnam— and every other war in U.S. history, all …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815739845

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Paul Mojzes

Balkan Genocides

2011

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Chapter 8: Ethnic Cleansing during Yugoslavia’s Wars of Disintegration in the 1990s S. 131-150

„… 1318Ethnic Cleansing during Yugoslavia’s Wars of Disintegration in the 1990sIn December 1995, I …” „… replied matter-of-factly, “To cut Serb throats.”The Balkan wars of the 1990s brought the last European …” „… ethnic cleansing before the Serbs allegedly invented it in the 1990s, just as there had been genocides …”

Bibliography S. 275-288

„… list of journals that also tend to provide information about the subject matter.bookS, CHapterS, and …” „… . Why Bosnia? Writings on the Balkan War. Stony Creek, CT: Pamphleteer’s Press, 1993. Anscombe …” „… , William, Drew Christiansen, S.J., and Robert T. Hennemeyer. Forgiveness in International Politics: An …”

Notes S. 239-274

„… for it during and after the wars of the 1990s, although the Croats and Serbs of Bosnia may also …” „… small military unit). In the wars of the 1990s the word became a generally derogatory term for Serbs …” „… inducement for the outbreak of the next round of genocides of the 1990s. 5. The proceedings are gathered …”

Chapter 9: War in Croatia S. 151-162

„… largest ethnic cleansing of the wars of the 1990s. It produced practically no Western outrage and …” „… Party. On July 25, 1990, under Tudjman’s leadership, the Croatian parliament, Sabor, passed amend-ments …” „… Serbs and Croats to issue official apologies and pay respects to the victims of the wars of 1990s so …”

Preface

„… 124 8 Ethnic Cleansing during Yugoslavia’s Wars of Disintegration in the 1990s 131The Context 132 …” „… the fall of Communism in the late 1980s and early 1990s, people were euphoric because it seemed that …” „… books about the wars in the Balkans in the 1990s and despite the ongoing trials of war criminals by the …”

Chapter 3: Balkan Wars 1912–1913 S. 25-44

„… in the 1990s. Hundreds of thousands of emigrants fled into total uncertainty, many dying of hunger …” „… during Word War II and the wars of the 1990s. Coercion was not restricted to Christian-Muslim relations …” „… the 1990s where spe-cific attention would be paid to genocidal rape, as opposed to wartime rape. The …”

Chapter 1: Definitions of Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing S. 1-16

„… explanatory cause for the carnage between Serbs, Croats, and Bošniak Muslims in Bosnia in the 1990s.Henry R …” „… later end in real genocides against Muslims, both Bosnian and Albanian, in the 1990s.24 Ethnic or …” „… processes determining the future. The wars in Bosnia in the 1990s may be a good example of ethnic, or, more …”

Chapter 4: Multiple Genocides of World War II S. 45-78

„… feverish and even genocidal pitch in the 1990s. Serb intellectuals, writers, journalists, and politicians …” „… wars in the 1990s that had genocidal characteristics. These wars inflamed the discussion of what …” „… Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s, hardly anyone denies the widespread ethnic cleansing.As one may …”

Chapter 2: The Heritage of Horrors S. 17-24

„… of the 1990s in Croatia and Bosnia as a continuation of those genocidal policies toward Serbs …” „… violence of World War II and the wars of the 1990s. Some came on their own because of economic …” „… of a royalist orientation who admire General Draža Mihailović’s Četniks2 differ in opinion from those …”

Chapter 10: War in Bosnia and Herzegovina S. 163-196

„… , which forcefully prevented groups from fighting each other.”1problemS leadinG to tHe WarDuring the 1990s …” „… perpetrated in the Balkan wars of the 1990s was the systematic exploitation and terrorization of captured …” „… wars of the 1990s. But in 1992 and even more so in 1993, reports began to arrive not only of frequent …”

Chapter 12: International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia S. 221-230

„… that all is fair in war and love. These truisms were widely asserted in the wars of the 1990s in the …” „… place during the 1990s. It is most unlikely that the nations on whose behalf they violated international …” „… one nation’s terrorists are another nation’s freedom fighters and heroes and vice versa. The other is …”

Time Line S. 237-238

„… conquer Greece. Independent State of Croatia is formed as a Nazi puppet regime under Pavelić. Tito’s …” „… Partisans and Mihajlović’s Četniks begin a war of resistance that turns into an all-out civil war and a war …” „… rise of Milošević.1990 Bulgaria and Albania topple their Communist governments.1991 Slovenia and …”

Chapter 11: Protracted Conflict and War in Kosovo S. 197-220

„… , culminated in the war of 1999. During the 1980s and most of the 1990s, however, there appeared to be …” „… still remain con-vinced of the fundamental correctness of my conclusion from the early 1990s that the …” „… legality of Kosovo’s declaration of independence from Serbia.1 overvieW of Serbian-koSovar albanian …”

Chapter 7: Retaliatory Genocides against Wartime Enemies S. 109-130

„… politicized, as the wars of the 1990s needed not only hardware but also propaganda as ammunition. From the …” „… Yugoslav lands after they switched sides, with their army joining the Yugoslav People’s Army and the Red …” „… time; hence, little or no hostile action was directed toward them.1 GenoCide of yuGoSlavia’S etHniC …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442206656

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Alexandra Allred

When Women Stood

2023

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Eleven The Third Wave and the Women of the 1980s and 1990s S. 119-136

„… 119elevenThe Third Wave and the Women of the 1980s and 1990sAfter centuries of arguing that women …” „… three American women worked outside the home; by the 1990s, three out of every five worked outside the …” „… . The Third Wave and the Women of the 1980s and 1990s 121THE SCANDAL OF WOMENSeven years prior to Hill’s …”

Fifteen The Closing of the Twentieth Century S. 179-194

„… the end of the century, incredible progress had been made in women’s sports. By the 1990s, it was …” „… deformations, failing health, and rising medical costs were won. By the mid-1990s, despite claims that the …” „… retirement, to a level that rivaled some of the best-known male athletes.13 During the 1990s, otherwise known …”

Seventeen The Fourth Wave in Sports and Society S. 205-218

„… around the cycle. With early investors such as Fitbit and Peloton, elite athletes such as U.S. swimmer …” „… and four-time Olympian Allison Schmitt (1990– ) began to have “unthinkable” results. Through …” „… was single-handedly responsible for intercepting Hitler’s plans on destroy-ing an Allied supply ship …”

Twenty Game Changers S. 249-266

„… entered wrestling contests, but it was the 1990s that saw the greatest rise in high school female …” „… one of the original game changers in women’s modern history. A pilot, skydiver, anthropologist, and …” „… perfect the craft of falconry with eagles and embodied the history of an-cient female hunters.As McGough’s …”

Fourteen The (Recognized) Entry of Lesbians in Sport S. 171-178

„… coach of the women’s basketball program at Penn State University, openly practiced homophobic sentiments …” „… head-lines about gay tennis players would hurt women’s tennis and “Avon might pull out” as a sponsor …” „… every four years, following the tradition of the Olympic Games), the NCAA’s Women in Sports Conference …”

Thirteen Modern Medicine for the Modern Woman S. 151-170

„… autoimmune conditions yet are often dismissed by doctors, labeled hypochondriacs.During the 1990s, studies in …” „… 1990s, Olympic gold medalist, FIFA world champion, and U.S. Soccer Hall of Famer Michelle Akers (1966 …” „… , this half information was harmful. In the 1990s, elite athletes such as two-time Olympian swimmer Angel …”

Ten Media Relations and the Second-Wave Woman S. 105-118

„… powerlifting champion throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, shared this sentiment as one of the first Black …” „… 105TenMedia Relations and the Second-Wave WomanA second wave of feminism (1960–1970s) spread …” „… performers—Sandwina’s father was 6′6″ and her mother was six feet tall with sixteen-inch biceps—Sandwina presumably had …”

Preface

„… 1990s 119Chapter 12 Exploitation of the Female Image 137Chapter 13 Modern Medicine for the Modern Woman …” „… icons, from centuries past to the well-known game changers of today. The author’s research and …” „… contributions they made throughout sport and society. An inspiration to all.”—Jill Bakken Linder, U.S. Olympic …”

One Early Women Warriors to Domesticity S. 1-8

„… the 1990s, German archeologist Renate Rolle (1941– ) and American archeologist Jeannine Davis-Kimball …” „… together, and shared parental duties and leadership positions. Couples usually lived with the woman’s …” „… live with their husband’s family and all land, laws, rights, and record keeping fell under the male …”

Sixteen Sports and Abuse S. 195-204

„… sentence.There had been complaints about Nassar’s behavior dating back to the early 1990s at Michigan State …” „… 195SixTeenSports and AbuseBy 2015, four U.S. female gymnasts slated to be the “brightest stars” of …” „… “Gymnast 3” during the investigation of a doctor with the U.S. national women’s gymnastics team. Larry …”

Nineteen Title IX in the New Millennium S. 237-248

„… during the 1990s in his dogged pursuit for “morality” issues of the “Monica Lewin-sky Affair,” did …” „… 237nineTeenTitle IX in the New MillenniumPrior to Title IX, men’s and women’s athletic programs …” „… directors took control. In 1972, 90 percent of the coaches for women’s collegiate sports were women. By 2016 …”

Notes S. 287-328

„… ): 358–77.23. Erin Valois, “The Rise and Struggle of Women in Sports in the 1990s,” The Score, July 16, 2014 …” „… .php/component/content/. 4. Edith Hall, “Citizens but Second Class: Women in Aristotle’s Politics (384–322 B.C.E.),” in …” „… /library-and-publications/library/blog/effects-of-the-corset/.13. Kristina Killgrove, “Here’s How Corsets Deformed the Skeletons of Vic-torian Women,” Forbes …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538171356

Michael Gehler, Maria Eleonora Guasconi, Francesco Pierini - Narrating Europe

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Michael Gehler (ed.), Maria Eleonora Guasconi (ed.), Francesco Pierini (ed.)

Narrating Europe

2022

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IV. Building, Conveying and Promoting the European Union in the 1980s and 1990s S. 24-29

„… Building, Conveying and Promoting the European Union in the 1980s and 1990sThe fourth section of …” „… European integration.Guasconi focuses on Colombo’s long political career, which was strongly devoted to …” „… later as president of the European Parliament..After that, the contribution addresses Emilio Colombo’s …”

Antonio Varsori Giulio Andreotti’s Commitment to the European Construction from the European Monetary System to the Project for a Constitutional Treaty S. 245-256

„… Giulio Andreotti’s Commitment to the European Construction from the European Monetary System to the …” „… party system of Italy’s so-called First Republic. He started his cursus honorum in 1947 as …” „… undersecretary to the Presidency of the Council and he was one of De Gasperi’s closest advisors. In 1956 he …”

Frédéric Bozo La vision européenne de François Mitterrand à travers ses vœux du Nouvel An aux Français (1981-1995) S. 329-350

„… politique s’étend sur près de cinq décennies, depuis sa première élection comme député en 1946 jusqu’à la …” „… tour comme combattant puis prisonnier de guerre avant de réussir à s’évader d’Allemagne en décembre …” „… 1941, puis, après un passage par Vichy, de s’engager dans la résistance, il rencontre l’idéal européen …”

Lara Piccardo 6 July 1989: Gorbachev’s Common European Home S. 293-310

„… 6 July 1989:Gorbachev’s Common European HomeLara PiccardoThe speech that Gorbachev gave in front of …” „… profound and innovative elements hidden in Gorbachev’s words. To do this, it is interesting to intertwine …” „… culture and the identity of the speaker(s), 1 Nancy S. Struever, “The Study of Language and the Study of …”

Deborah Cuccia Helmut Kohl: Master Builder of a United Europe in Words and Deeds S. 351-370

„… . Helmut Kohl, Erinnerungen 1982-1990, München: Droemer Verlag, 2005. 691 S. Hans-Peter Schwarz, Helmut …” „… 1982-1990, München: Droemer Verlag, 2005.3 S. Hans-Peter Schwarz, Helmut Kohl. Eine politische Biographie …” „… first half of the 1990s, has often been underestimated. He was indeed more than a skilful national …”

Eva Garau Margaret Thatcher and Europe: The Bruges Speech (1988) S. 227-244

„… Margaret Thatcher and Europe: The Bruges Speech (1988)Eva GarauIntroductionMargaret Thatcher’s …” „… and a burden for Britain’s values, tradition and economic development. This article, based on newly …” „… released material, aims at exploring more in depth Thatcher’s stand on Europe as it emerged in Bruges in …”

Michael Gehler “European Community – Towards the European Union. The Whole of Europe – on the Way on Itself.” A Speech Held by Hans-Dietrich Genscher in Vienna on 14 September 1989 S. 311-328

„… Federal Chairman of the FDP from 1974 to 1985.634 In the late 1980s, Genscher can be …” „… , 2012. Source: Private Property (mine)In the late 1980s, Genscher can be considered a key historical …” „… SpeechGenscher’s Vienna speech of 14 September 1989 served, among other things, to prepare this famous act. The …”

I. Present at the Creation 1945–1946: Sponsors and Providers of Ideas and Impulses S. 14

„… Euroscepticism spread all over Europe since the beginnings of the 1990s starting with the Maastricht Treaty …” „… inside and outside the EU deals with a long series of speeches, delivered from the 1990s up to the …” „… it’s quite obvious that public speeches delivered by political leaders and officers of EU institutions …”

V.2 Reactions and Counter-Reactions by Russian Leaders and Statesmen S. 515-548

„… 1990s and of which the President was much more aware compared to the illusions of his predecessor about …” „… five stages that marked Euro-Russian relations in the 1990s: in 1992 the Federation put forward a …” „… the 1990s. From an EU perspective, it is Putin’s strategy and vertical axis of power which cannot …”

V. Challenges and Reactions to Crises: Euroscepticism or Europeanisation? Opponents and Supporters from Within and Without, but also Visionaries for the EU of the 21st Century S. 30-39

„… between the EU and Russia during the 1990s, Mara Morini shows Putin’s change of mind on Europe since he …” „… leads Morini to conclude that the early 1990s narrative of collaboration and sharing of values has been …” „… Berlusconi’s attitude to Europe through time. He analyses the linguistic and stylistic elements of some …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Contents6CHAPTER IV: BUILDING, CONVEYING AND PROMOTING THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE 1980s AND 1990s“Europe is …” „… Europe: A Discourse Analysis on Churchill’s Speech at the University of Zurich, 19 September 1946 45 …” „… sThe Schuman Declaration of 9 May 1950: Memory and Legacy of a Founding Speech 85Jean-Marie PalayretLes …”

V.3 Impulses and Statements but Even More Groundbreaking Proposals by Top Representatives of the EU Member States S. 549-653

„… well as on his own political experiences and on European integration.During the 1990s, Fischer promoted …” „… rapid spread of the conflicts that broke out in the former Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Fischer both …” „… 1990s to the appeasement of the 1930s3. His rhetorical question was whether the Greens could put …”

III. Idealism and Pragmatism, Federalism and Realism : Alternatives, Decisions, Initiatives, Perceptions and Reactions from the 1960s to the 1980s S. 18-23

„… and Reactions from the 1960s to the 1980sThe third section of the book starts with an article, written …” „… in Bologna at “il Mulino association” in April 1961. The author investigates Spinelli’s effort to …” „… Unity”, which represented a sort of manifesto of Spinelli’s vision of transatlantic relations. The …”

V.1 Different Italian Speeches between Stopping and Moving on with Europe S. 399-514

„… Berlusconi’s Euro-Scepticism since the 1990s”, in Guido Levi – Daniela Preda (eds.), Euroscepticisms …” „… Euro-Scepticism since the 1990s, pp. 206–207, highlights: “He conceived Europeanism as part of a broad Atlanticism …” „… . In the culture of the post-fascists that formed the centre-right coalitions in the 1990s, there was a …”

Antonio Moreno Juste, Carlos Sanz Díaz To Be Europe, to Be In Europe. The European speeches of Felipe González S. 371-396

„… the continent. In the 1990s, EU integration promised to resolve all contradictions and reconcile all …” „… Mishler’s model of narrative analysis, must have a structure (including a chronology, a plot and some …” „… , Klaus, “Europe’s Borders. The Narrative Construction of the Boundaries of Europe”, in European Journal …”

Maria Eleonora Guasconi “Europe is not a mechanical Process, nor is it an Automatic Fact.” Emilio Colombo’s Vision of European Integration S. 259-274

„… CHAPTER IV:BUILDING, CONVEYING AND PROMOTING THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE 1980s AND 1990s“Europe is …” „… not a mechanical Process, nor is it an Automatic Fact.” Emilio Colombo’s Vision of European …” „… its origins.Colombo’s long political career was, in fact, deeply intertwined with his strong …”

Elena Calandri “Per un’Europa dei popoli e dei lavoratori.” Enrico Berlinguer’s speech at the European Parliament on 11 February 1981 S. 211-226

„… ‘permissive consensus’ that pushed forward integration until the early 1990s—has sometimes been considered a …” „… “Per un’Europa dei popoli e dei lavoratori.” Enrico Berlinguer’s speech at the European Parliament …” „… Party since the 1950s, when he had headed the FGCI (Federazione della Gioventù Comunista Italiana), the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748928270

Robert Kaiser, Jana Edelmann - Crisis as a Permanent Condition?

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Robert Kaiser (ed.), Jana Edelmann (ed.)

Crisis as a Permanent Condition?

Series: Transnational Perspectives on Transformations

Volume 1 2016

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Silvana Patriarca A Crisis of Italian Identity? The Northern League and Italy’s Renationalization Since the 1990s S. 61-78

„… 61 A Crisis of Italian Identity? The Northern League and Italy’s Renationalization Since the 1990 …” „… “inherent,” or intrinsic, crisis of national identity in Italy? In the 1990s, after the emergence of the …” „… Since the 1990s 63 to the urgency with which many Italians felt the need to reassert their national …”

Jana Edelmann Berlusconia has never existed. On the powerlessness of Silvio Berlusconi as Italy’s Prime Minister S. 271-292

„… since its beginnings in the 1990s. He is one of the country’s richest citizens1. Berlusconi ranks as the …” „… of the Italian institutional pathway following the crisis years 1992-1994 The 1990s witnessed the …” „… Critical juncture II-context of the 1990s significantly modified the institutional pathway that was …”

Robert Kaiser, Jana Edelmann Introduction: Italy between transition and reform resistance S. 9-18

„… fact that the country suffers, at least since the mid-1990s, from low productivity growth, decreasing …” „… level as today), • in the 1990s but also recently, a paralyzed government was displaced by …” „… debate. Following the crack of the entire party system in the early 1990s, for the most part triggered …”

Martin J. Bull A ‘Perfect Storm’: Institutional Reform in Italy after the 2013 National Elections S. 79-98

„… early 1990s, however, the potentially contradictory goals of addressing dysfunctionalism and achieving …” „… the heady days of the 1990s the first goal appeared primordial and there were high expectations for …” „… centre-left governments of the late 1990s then took a significant decision to try and break this deadlock, by …”

Alberto Vannucci Between systemic corruption and anticorruption: political scandals and electoral accountability in Italy S. 203-236

„… politics? The mani pulite (“clean hands”) scandal in the 1990s is an illuminating case of the potentially …” „… ” – which hit the Italian political system have been corruption scandals, both in the early 1990s and …” „… after the mid 1990s – gradually and with fluctuations, while convictions have a sharp fall. Corruption …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… was in the 1990s, the financial stability of the country is not only an Italian problem anymore, but …” „… and Italy’s Renationalization Since the 1990s 61 Silvana Patriarca Political system and …” „… European integration. In parallel, however, Italy’s role in determining the future shape of European …”

Carlo Carboni Dust of Italian stars S. 155-182

„… the 1990’s, with the Tangentopoli kick-back scandal, and it remains so today, when Italians view …” „… Italy’s elites, as such efforts were rarely undertaken prior to our rough surveys – conducted in 1990 …” „… shall shift to the “social nature” of the elites in Italy’s modern republican age. A historical …”

Christopher Duggan The problem of the nation-state in Italy: some long-term historical reflections S. 19-34

„… the meltdown of the First Republic in the early 1990s, neither the left nor the right had much …” „… political landscape from 1945 until the early 1990s. In April 1993, in the middle of the Tangentopoli …” „… dei servi, Rome-Bari, Laterza, 2010. 2 S. Guarracino, L’Italia disunita, Milan, Bruno Mondadori 2013 …”

Maurizio Cotta The Italian Party System after the Crisis: Transformations and Uncertainties S. 113-132

„… , after the great political crisis of the early 1990s (D’Alimonte and Bartolini 2002) was unravelling …” „… suggest that the party system that had become established in the second half of the 1990s and that …” „… Others CR 3,8 2,4 CR Coalition 29,2 -17,6 M5S 25,6 25,6 Monti coalition 10,6 6,6 Others …”

Gianfranco Pasquino The Second Republic That Never Was S. 99-112

„… knowledge, prior to the 1990s, no one among the most highly motivated political and social actors …” „… extended analysis see Pasquino and Ventura 2010), as the enacted changes in the French Republic’s …” „… Constitution that may The Second Republic That Never Was 101 be said to have started in the late 1970’s …”

Luca Verzichelli Party professionalism and individualism in the "new" Italian ruling class S. 183-202

„… the early nineties following Italy’s decision to join the first group of countries involved in the …” „… all) after Renzi’s rise to leadership, show how complicated and slow the process of reforming the …” „… promoted by Berlusconi at the time of Forza Italia’s foundation in 1994, but the highest peak of anti-party …”

Francesco Zucchini The Republic of vetoes: Legislative change and stability in the Italian political system S. 133-154

„… 1960s, and later by the financial crisis in the 1990s. In both cases, the status quo rapidly …” „… description of the potential future transformations that could increase the Italian political system’s …” „… 1976, 1982). Sartori wanted to improve Duverger’s (1963) classification of the party systems; moreover …”

Marco Brunazzo, Günther Pallaver From important parties to pivotal parties. The role of regional parties in Italy’s Second Republic S. 35-60

„… diminished and now amounts approximately to 30%, which equals a 20% decline compared to the 1990s. Trust in …” „… 35 From important parties to pivotal parties. The role of regional parties in Italy’s Second …” „… connections) instead through regional parties. When the First Republic’s party system imploded in 1992, the …”

James L. Newell The MoVimento 5 Stelle (M5S), the PD and the current (and changing) state of the party system S. 237-270

„… Sicilian and outgoing president, the Pdl’s Renato Schifani – whose activities as a lawyer in the 1990s had …” „… Personalized politics and political leadership 239 The MoVimento 5 Stelle (M5S), the PD and the …” „… 2013, the intervention of the Five-star Movement (MoVimento Cinque Stelle, M5S) was decisive …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845257044

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