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Olaf Meyer - Principles of Contract Law und nationales Vertragsrecht

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Olaf Meyer

Principles of Contract Law und nationales Vertragsrecht

Series: Europäisches Privatrecht

Volume 35 2007

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Die Principles of European Contract Law S. 93-102

„… wirtschaftlichen Systemen.399 III. Die Principles of European Contract Law Das zweite internationale Restatement …” „… Principles of European Contract Law sind nahezu parallel mit den UNIDROIT Principles erarbeitet worden und …” „… ) Die Commission on European Contract Law Anders als die UNIDROIT Principles sind die PECL nicht im …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 335-373

„… of Laws) - (Hrsg.): Restatement of the Law Second, Contracts 2d, St. Paul, Minn. 1981 (zit …” „… Market) - The Principles of European Contract Law and Harmonisation of the Laws of Contract, in: Andersen …” „… European Contract Law) - My life as a lawyer, in: ZEuP 2002, S. 508-522 (Lando, ZEuP 2002) - The CISG and …”

Die ergänzende Vertragsauslegung S. 268-271

„… European Contract Law and Italian Law – A Commentary, 258; Trabucchi, Istituzioni di diritto civile, § 287 …” „… Busch/Hondius/van Kooten/Schelhaas/Schrama-Wissink, The Principles of European Contract Law and Dutch Law – A …” „… ); Kötz in: Beale/Hartkamp/Kötz/Tallon, Contract Law, 571; Lüderitz, Auslegung von Rechtsgeschäften, 386 …”

Die Principles in Rechtsprechung und Wissenschaft S. 211-263

„… contract law selected from all different pans of the world, including for instance Mainland China, Korea …” „… International Commercial Contracts” prepared by the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law …” „… related to the principle of good faith and fair dealing (art. 1.7) which permeates the law of contract, as …”

Entscheidungen S. 271-277

„… Shirlaw v. Southern Foundries, [1939] 2 KB 206, hier zitiert nach Beale/Hartkamp/Kötz/Tallon, Contract Law …” „… Lectures, 79 (84 f.); Treitel, The Law of Contract, 201 ff., jeweils mit Nachweisen zum Case Law. 1254 Vgl …” „… Beale/Hartkamp/Kötz/Tallon, Contract Law, 587) und Schmidt-Kessel, ZVglRWiss 96 (1997), 101 (111). 1255 Auszüge …”

Das Ziel der Vertragsauslegung S. 265-268

„… : Beale/Hartkamp/Kötz/Tallon, Contract Law, 556: „Most civil codes hover between „objective“ and „subjective interpretation …” „… All ER 237, hier zitiert nach Beale/Hartkamp/Kötz/Tallon, Contract Law, 565 f.; Lewison, The …” „… mwN. 1237 Dazu Antoniolli/Veneziano-Ferreri, Principles of European Contract Law and Italian Law – A …”

Ansatz bei der Rechtsquellenlehre S. 113-130

„… Contract Law“ wird auch im gleichnamigen Werk von Bonell über die UNIDROIT Principles ausgegangen.490 487 …” „… Review 63 (1994), 281 (283) „[...] in the nature of a restatement of the commercial contract law of the …” „… .); Siqueiros in: UNIDROIT, The UNIDROIT Principles: A Common Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 151 (157). 508 …”

Die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts S. 75-93

„… Principles of European Contract Law and Dutch Law, 13 (15); Kessedjian, Rev. crit. dr. internat. privé 1995 …” „… Schuldrechtsreform veraltet, Lando/Clive/Prüm/Zimmermann, Principles of European Contract Law. Part III, XIX. 321 …” „… Restatement (Second) of the Law of Contracts, den UCC, das damals noch im Entwurfsstadium befindliche …”

Die Rolle der Principles als Modellgesetz S. 149-155

„… , The UNIDROIT Principles: A Common Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 221 (232). 676 Rosett in …” „… : Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 387 (393). 677 Gabriel, Tulane Law Review …” „… Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 105 (111 f.). 669 Komarov, ULR 1996, 247 (249). Einen Vergleich der …”

Füllung der Vertragslücken durch die Principles S. 287-292

„… Vries, Principles of European Contract Law, 7 (61 ff.), der besonders das Fehlen von Schutzpflichten …” „… accepted principles of law to supply a customary default rule to fill in a gap in a contract.“1327 a …” „… 287 Als Belege führte er § 1-203 UCC, Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 205, Art. 1.7 UNIDROIT …”

Versuch einer Definition S. 294-301

„… : UNIDROIT, The UNIDROIT Principles: A Common Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 211 (216 …” „… Antoniolli/Veneziano-Veneziano, Principles of European Contract Law and Italian Law – A Commentary, 40. 1372 Vgl. dort auch Anm …” „… Treitel, The Law of Contract, 213. 1377 Grobecker, Implied terms und Treu und Glauben, 115 …”

Das Restatement als Instrument der internationalen Rechtsvereinheitlichung S. 69-75

„… Bar in: Grundmann/Stuyck, An Academic Green Paper on European Contract Law, 67 (143). 71 stand …” „… : ders./de Vries, Principles of European Contract Law, 7 (16 f.); Zweigert/Kötz, Einführung in die …” „… Contract Law, 7 (16 f.); Hyland in: Hartkamp/Hesselink/Hondius/Joustra/du Perron/Veldman, Towards a …”

Ansatz bei der anwendbaren nationalen Norm S. 130-139

„… Inter-American Convention on the Law Applicable to International Contracts von 1994.584 Praktisch bedeutender …” „… .607 602 Hesselink in: ders./de Vries, Principles of European Contract Law, 7 (27 f.); Rosett in …” „… seminari [24], 1. 608 Bonell in: Antoniolli/Veneziano, Principles of European Contract Law and Italian Law …”

Die rechtsvergleichende Auslegung in der Praxis S. 205-207

„… ff.). 982 Abascal in: UNIDROIT, The UNIDROIT Principles: A Common Law of Contracts for the Americas …” „… , The Use of Comparative Law by Courts. 967 Vgl. die Nachweise bei Aubin, RabelsZ 34 (1970), 458; Dölle …” „… Comparative Law by Courts, 127 (134 f.); Rösler, JuS 1999, 1084 (1088); Schulze, ZfRV 1997, 183 (185). 968 …”

ICC Nr. 8873, Madrid (Juli 1997) S. 306-308

„… Gerichtsstandsklausel lautete: „Arbitration and Choice of Law. This contract shall be entirely governed by Spanish Law …” „… ., Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 36 (2003), 1137 (1178 ff.). 1416 Die Rechtswahl- und …” „… effect of the contract, shall be settled by arbitration which shall take place in Madrid (Spain) under …”

Ad hoc-Schiedsspruch, Rom (04.12.1996) S. 304-306

„… Die Rechtswahl- und Gerichtsstandsklausel lautete: „Arbitration and Choice of Law. This contract …” „… .law.pace.edu/cases/ 895713i1.html (Anwendung des CISG als „prevailing trade usages“ auf einen vor Inkrafttreten der …” „… ; Schmitthoff in: Institute of International Business Law and Practice: Interpretation and Application of …”

Die amerikanischen Restatements of the Law S. 65-69

„… 65 Zweites Kapitel: Rechtsvereinheitlichung durch Principles of Contract Law A. „Restating the Law …” „… , 59 (60). 241 Hesselink in: ders./de Vries, Principles of European Contract Law, 7 (13 ff.); Hyland …” „… . II. Die amerikanischen Restatements of the Law Die Einführung des Restatements als technisches Mittel …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

„… . Anton K. SchnyderBand 35Olaf MeyerPrinciples of Contract Law und nationales VertragsrechtChancen und …” „… g) Funktion als Modellgesetz 93 III. Die Principles of European Contract Law 93 1 …” „… . Entstehungsgeschichte 94 a) Die Commission on European Contract Law 94 b) Die Ausarbeitung der einzelnen Teile 95 c …”

Die Principles als möglicher objektiver Auslegungsstandard S. 279-286

„… in: UNIDROIT, The UNIDROIT Principles: A Common Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 235 (238). 1299 …” „… European Contract Law and Italian Law – A Commentary, 136. 1312 Art. 6:225 Abs. 3 BW, vgl. die …” „… genannten Kündigungsgründe fehlte. Dabei wandten die Richter die für ein Common Law-Land typische, eng am …”

Erwiderung auf die Einwände gegen eine rechtsvergleichende Auslegung S. 207-211

„… UNIDROIT Principles: A Common Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 211 (215); Kessedjian, Rev. crit. dr …” „… helfen. 981 Berger in: Böckstiegel, Perspectives of Air Law, Space Law, and International Business Law …” „… ); Lando, Tulane J. of Int‘l & Comp. Law 1994, 129 (139); Mayer, Arbitration International 2001, 235 (237 …”

ICC Nr. 9593, Paris (Dezember 1998) S. 311-312

„… to the conclusion that the obligation to cooperate in good faith in the performance of a contract …” „… reflected under Article 5.3 of the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts [...].“ 1432 …” „… (Quelle: http://law.wustl.edu/Publications/WUGSLR/citationmanualdocs/Ivory%20Coast.pdf). Vgl. Fn. 1042 …”

Alternativen zur legislatorischen Rechtsvereinheitlichung S. 47-64

„… on the Law Applicable to International Contracts (1994), Art. 117 Abs. 1 schweizerisches IPRG. Vgl …” „… Insurance Contract Law217 in Innsbruck, die International Working Group on European Trust Law218 in Nijmegen …” „… : Gottwald/Jayme/Schwab, FS Henrich, 1 ff.; ders. in: Grundmann/Stuyck, An Academic Green Paper on European Contract Law …”

Entscheidungen S. 286-287

„… genannten Kündigungsgründe fehlte. Dabei wandten die Richter die für ein Common Law-Land typische, eng am …” „… law without any evidence that commercial transactions have become unworkable or uncertain as a result …” „… .“ 1316 Hartkamp in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex …”

ICC Nr. 10021 (2000) S. 312-313

„… , unless these are contrary to the contents of the contract or to the law. There are no special usages in …” „… reference includes, but is not limited to, the UNIDROIT Principles and Principles of European Contract Law …” „… the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts) [...].“ Der Schiedsrichter stellte …”

Die Einordnung und ihre Konsequenzen S. 318-327

„… größere 1470 Vgl. Hamilton in: UNIDROIT, The UNIDROIT Principles: A Common Law of Contracts for the …” „… of Transnational Law, 91 ff. 1472 Neben den unter II. und IV. referierten Schiedssprüchen vgl …” „… Commercial Contracts, 2 (4); Bortolotti, ULR 2000, 141 (151); Corapi, Europa e diritto privato 2002, 23 (30 …”

Der „Konflikt der Rechte“ S. 35-39

„… Convention on the Law Applicable to International Contracts (1994), Art. 117 Abs. 1 schweizerisches IPRG. 61 …” „… Common Law verschmolzen, Bülck, ZHR 131 (1968), 150 (159 f.); Kappus, RIW 1990, 788 (789). 42 So die …” „… of Private Law, 5-37 (18). 43 Schmitthoff, JZ 1978, 495 (497) spricht von dem Internationalen …”

Fragestellung S. 25-26

„… Contracts (UNIDROIT Principles)2 und die Principles of European Contract Law (PECL)3 mit dem BGB zu …” „… Regelwerk selbst verwendet, vgl. Lando/Clive/Prüm/Zimmermann, Principles of European Contract Law. Part III …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 19-24

„… European Contract Law QC Queen’s Counsel RabelsZ Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und …” „… of Comparative Law AjP Aktuelle juristische Praxis All. E.R. All England Law Reports Anm …” „… . Anmerkung Annual Survey of Int‘l & Comp. Law Golden Gate University School of Law Annual Survey of …”

Außergesetzliche Geltungskraft der Principles S. 108-113

„… contract law in a coherent code-like form, they are intended to be a modern ius commune [...]“; Bonell …” „… einzuordnen. Von einem „International Restatement of Contract Law“ wird auch im gleichnamigen Werk von Bonell …” „… to introduce in law schools new curricula teaching European law side by side with the national laws …”

Bedeutung des Handelsbrauchs im Wirtschaftsverkehr S. 293-294

„… Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 211 (216); Bianca/Bonell-Bonell, Commentary on the International …” „… International Trade Law I, 109 (126); Dasser, Internationale Schiedsgerichte und lex mercatoria, 112 f.; vgl …” „… & Comp. Law 1995, 111 (124 f.). 1339 Art. 9 CISG; Art. 1:105 PECL; Art. 1.9 UNIDROIT Principles 2004 …”

Stichwort „Globalisierung“ S. 29-30

„… : A Common Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 119 ff. 16 Von Bar/Lando u.a., ERPL 2002, 183 (194 ff …” „… Betrachtungsweise Beale in: Grundmann/Stuyck, An Academic Green Paper on European Contract Law, 67. 17 General …” „… International Trade Law, Erwägungsgrund 5: Reaffirming its conviction that divergencies arising from the laws …”

Rechtsverschiedenheit als Handelshindernis S. 30-33

„… : A Common Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 119 ff. 16 Von Bar/Lando u.a., ERPL 2002, 183 (194 ff …” „… Betrachtungsweise Beale in: Grundmann/Stuyck, An Academic Green Paper on European Contract Law, 67. 17 General …” „… International Trade Law, Erwägungsgrund 5: Reaffirming its conviction that divergencies arising from the laws …”

Die Principles und die deutsche Schuldrechtsmodernisierung S. 155-192

„… allem mit den Principles of European Contract Law zu vergleichen. Eine solche Überprüfung hat bisher …” „… die Principles of European Contract Law von 1995 und 2000 sind eindeutig. Die für das BGB grundlegende …” „… , was zu einem beachtenswerten Wettlauf führte. Die Commission of European Contract Law hatte bereits …”

ICC Nr. 9753 (Mai 1999) S. 312

„… , unless these are contrary to the contents of the contract or to the law. There are no special usages in …” „… the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts) [...].“ Der Schiedsrichter stellte …”

ICC Nr. 9333, Genf (Oktober 1998) S. 310-311

„… cooperate in good faith in the performance of a contract amounted to a general principle applicable to …” „… International Commercial Contracts [...].“ 1432 Berger, AJCL 46 (1998), 129 (135 f.). 1433 Auszüge …” „… : http://law.wustl.edu/Publications/WUGSLR/citationmanualdocs/Ivory%20Coast.pdf). Vgl. Fn. 1042 für den Text der französischen Vorschriften. …”

Begriff des Restatements S. 65

„… 65 Zweites Kapitel: Rechtsvereinheitlichung durch Principles of Contract Law A. „Restating the Law …” „… . II. Die amerikanischen Restatements of the Law Die Einführung des Restatements als technisches Mittel …” „… der Bundesstaaten ist.228 1. Das American Law Institute als organisatorischer Rahmen Das Common Law …”

ICC Nr. 10022, Wilna (Teilschiedsspruch, Oktober 2000) S. 313

„… of European Contract Law.“ In der Entscheidung zur Hauptsache findet sich allerdings kein weiterer …” „… Rechtswahlklausel lautete: „This agreement is governed by Lithuanian law.“ 1442 Sh. oben Fn. 1031. 1443 …” „… Bianca/Bonell-Bonell, Commentary on the International Sales Law, Art. 9 Anm. 1.3.1. …”

Das Verhältnis zum staatlichen Recht S. 302-303

„… Handelsbräuche zulässig ist.1390 Im Common Law bildet die implication by custom ein in der Praxis wichtiges …” „… . Bianca/Bonell-Bonell, Commentary on the International Sales Law, Art. 9 Anm. 1.3.1 …” „… (130). 1395 Schmitthoff in: Institute of International Business Law and Practice, Interpretation and …”

Parallelprobleme im Einheitsrecht und in der lex mercatoria S. 313-315

„… of European Contract Law.“ In der Entscheidung zur Hauptsache findet sich allerdings kein weiterer …” „… Rechtswahlklausel lautete: „This agreement is governed by Lithuanian law.“ 1442 Sh. oben Fn. 1031. 1443 …” „… Bianca/Bonell-Bonell, Commentary on the International Sales Law, Art. 9 Anm. 1.3.1. 314 die Principles genommen. So …”

Bedürfnis für einen autonomen Auslegungsstandard S. 277-279

„… abgefasst werden, obwohl sie nicht einer Common Law-Jurisdiktion unterstehen. Bei rein nationalen Verträgen …” „… Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 253 (260). 1273 Mayer, ICC – ICA Bull. 2002 (Suppl.), 105 (115 …” „… ). 1274 Derains in: Berger, The Practice of Transnational Law, 43 (50); Gorriz Lopez, Contratto e …”

Feststellung der Handelsbräuche S. 303-304

„… .law.pace.edu/cases/ 895713i1.html (Anwendung des CISG als „prevailing trade usages“ auf einen vor Inkrafttreten der …” „… Schiedsrecht Raeschke-Kessler in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New …” „… ; Schmitthoff in: Institute of International Business Law and Practice: Interpretation and Application of …”

Die Aussagekraft historischer Argumente S. 141-145

„… Antoniolli/Veneziano-Ferreri, Principles of European Contract Law and Italian Law – A Commentary, 254. 631 Bydlinski …” „… hinaus sämtliche Schriftstücke, die im Zu- 627 Bell in: Birks, English Private Law I, Anm. 1.34 …” „… völkerrechtlicher Verträge nur eine untergeordnete Bedeutung zukommt.637 1. Civil Law In den Ländern, die der …”

Die Vertragsauslegung im Rechtssystem S. 264-265

„… : Beale/Hartkamp/Kötz/Tallon, Contract Law, 556: „Most civil codes hover between „objective“ and „subjective interpretation …”

Legislatorische Vereinheitlichung des Privatrechts S. 39-47

„… international unification of private law“.68 62 Da Gama e Souza, (2002) 36 R.J.T., 375 (408); Hartkamp in: ICC …” „… , The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 253 (258). 63 …” „… Law, 5-327 ff. (123 ff.). 40 I. Legislatorische Vereinheitlichung des Privatrechts Es war der Staat …”

Rechtliche Grundlagen S. 197-205

„… , NJW 1981, 2601 (2604). 922 Drobnig in: ders./van Erp, The Use of Comparative Law by Courts, 127 (129 …” „… Erp, The Use of Comparative Law by Courts, 127 (129 ff.). 926 Es wurde sogar versucht, das gesamte …” „… ) (Ginsengwurzel) unter Verweis auf Art. 49 Abs. 1 OR. 952 Drobnig in: ders./van Erp, The Use of Comparative Law …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205373

Chantal Bomprezzi - Implications of Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts on Contract Law

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Chantal Bomprezzi

Implications of Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts on Contract Law

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 23 2021

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BIBLIOGRAPHY S. 241-266

„… ), Contract law-a comparative introduction (Edward Elgar 2017) Sorieul R. (ed), The UNCITRAL Model Law and the …” „… of European Contract Law and Italian Law (Kluwer Law International 2005) Antonopoulos A. M.(ed …” „… ., Fauvarque-Cosson B., Rutgers J., Vogenauer S. (eds), Cases, Materials and Texts on Contract Law (3rd edn Hart 2019 …”

CHAPTER 2: BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SMART CONTRACTS IN THE CONTRACTUAL DOMAIN S. 47-74

„… of them can go to court and enforce it. See J. M. Smits (ed), Contract law-a comparative introduction …” „… than contracts or even represent that act.155 For example, in the private law domain, there are …” „… contracts can perform legally relevant processes, where the law states specific legal requirements and …”

CHAPTER 3: FROM VENDING MACHINES TO SMART CONTRACTS S. 75-124

„… on European contract laws (Oxford 2018) 2. 316 Soft law can take various forms. For example …” „… . Blockchain-based smart contracts are not the first technology that impacted traditional contract law. On the …” „… contrary, contract law had to face several steps of technological development.296 First of all, vending …”

INTRODUCTION S. 11-20

„… issues about smart contracts and contract law. Namely, it takes into consideration: the crossborder …” „… dimension of smart contracts, especially concerning the applicable law and jurisdiction; the national legal …” „… investigate the implications of blockchain-based smart contracts on contract law. In light of the need for …”

CHAPTER 6: JURISDICTION AND APPLICABLE LAW S. 217-230

„… conflict of laws, where the law applicable to the sales or service contract is determined in accordance …” „… CHAPTER 6: 1. 905 Section 4. 217 the applicable law.906 Indeed, blockchain-based smart contracts are a …” „… determination of jurisdiction and applicable law in cross-border contracts considering blockchain …”

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS S. 231-240

„… blockchain-based smart contracts on contract law. In particular, the analysis considered contract formation …” „… , contract performance, jurisdiction, and applicable law in crossborder contracts. As concerns the former …” „… contract law. Lastly, the exchange between offer and acceptance, their revocation, and the time of …”

CHAPTER 4: CONTRACT FORMATION S. 125-166

„… Contracts’ and the Interaction of Natural and Formal Language’ (2018) 14(4) European Review of Contract Law …” „… to be legally bound, and the form (when the law requires some formalities), contract formation …” „… . Hari (eds), Blockchains, Smart Contracts, Decentralised Autonomous Organisations and the Law (Edward …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Implications of Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts on Contract Law Chantal Bomprezzi Nomos …” „… Contracts on Contract Law Nomos BUT_Bomprezzi_8592-6.indd 3 25.10.21 15:28 The Deutsche …” „… Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bomprezzi, Chantal Implications of Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts on Contract Law Chantal …”

PART 2: EX-POST INTERVENTIONS ON THE CONTRACT S. 193-216

„… of ex-post intervention on registered data. In contract law, several legal protection mechanisms …” „… reasons. The critical cases might concern the illegality or immorality of the contract. Moreover, the law …” „… argue that traditional contract law cannot apply unless it is possible to intervene with technical …”

CHAPTER 5: CONTRACT PERFORMANCE S. 167-192

„… , ‘Self-Driving Contracts’ (2017) 43 Journal of Corporation Law 1. Malfunctions of such software might cause a …” „… , their function is to induce the other party to perform the contract under the threat of law enforcement …” „… software. It was explained that national legal systems apply existing contract law rules designed for other …”

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO BLOCKCHAIN AND SMART CONTRACTS S. 21-46

„… because it focuses on smart contracts and contract law. 53 contracts on contract law is the research topic of the work …” „… code as a safeguard for implementing smart contracts in no-trust environments’ (EUI Working papers LAW …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748930068

Anna Katharina Suzuki-Klasen - A Comparative Study of the Formation of Contracts in Japanese, English, and German Law

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Anna Katharina Suzuki-Klasen

A Comparative Study of the Formation of Contracts in Japanese, English, and German Law

Series: Recht in Ostasien

Volume 18 2022

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C. Contracts in Japanese Law S. 310-435

„… appropriate. Japanese Legislation: Hōrei (法令), Japanese Laws and Regulations Japanese contract law is …” „… Contracts in Japanese Law The conclusion of a contract under Japanese law follows the principle of …” „… understood. Before giving a definition of contracts in Japanese law in Section II. below and exploring the …”

D. Comparative Analysis of the Rules on the Formation of Contracts in Japanese, English, and German Law S. 436-516

„… , German, nor Japanese law contain a statutory definition for the term ‘contract’; however, it is a concept …” „… another. There are nevertheless parallels, in that contract law as known today was established in the …” „… C.III.1. and 2. Above. 436 traditional English contract law theory is an exchange of promises and the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-28

„… of their Contract Laws I. 42 Classification of the Legal Traditions of English and German Law 1. 42 …” „… Sources of English and German (Contract) Law2. 43 Sources of English (Contract) Lawa. 45 The …” „… of German (Contract) Lawb. 55 The Inter-relationship of the Sources in German (Contract) Law i. 56 …”

A. Introduction S. 32-41

„… European Contract Laws (OUP 2018) 1–13. 39 See, International Institute for the Unification of Private Law …” „… Sale of Goods (adopted 11 April 1980; hereinafter ‘CISG’)12 and projects to harmonise contract law13 …” „… , such as the Principles of European Contract Law14 (of 2002, commonly abbreviated as ‘PECL’), domestic …”

Index S. 627-632

„… relations, in 80, 314 International law, see also Model contract laws – English law, and 19–20 – European …” „… – orally 60, 372 – post and written 60, 242, 372 Model contract laws: Common European Sales Law (CESL …” „… , 116, 217, 221, 236, 300, 365, 386 – bargains as, see Contract law, bargain theory – conclusion of, see …”

B. Comparative Background S. 42-309

„… Traditions of English and German Law and the Sources of their Contract Laws In analysing and contrasting the …” „… entry for ‘unilateral contracts’ in the Oxford Dictionary of Law (fn 62) 517. See also Halsbury’s Laws …” „… ‘covenant’. A medieval common law lawyer would have understood ‘contract’ to mean ‘transaction’ in terms of …”

Bibliography S. 575-611

„… Contract Laws, in: ibid (eds), Commentaries on European Contract Laws (OUP 2018) 1–18 Japanese Law …” „… : Keiyaku-hō Taikei Kankō I’in-kai [Publication Committee of the Contract Law Compendium], Keiyaku-hō Taikei 2 …” „… : zōyō, baibai [Contract Law Compendium Vol 2: Gifts, Sales] (Yūhikaku 1962) 58–69 Alpa G, Conceptions …”

E. Results of the Comparative Analysis Contrasted and Final Conclusions S. 517-574

„… :// cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/110118u1.html), the parties concluded contracts in a ‘two-step process’. In …” „… European Sales Law (‘CESL’), the Draft Common Frame of Reference for European Contract Law (‘DCFR’), and …” „… the Principles of European Contract Law (‘PECL’) will be contrasted (Section II.). These …”

Table of Legislation S. 612-618

„… , 1489 UNTS 58 UNIDROIT Convention relating to a Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the …” „… Schiffsregisterverfahren, Law to Reform the Law on Construction Contracts, to Change the Liability for Defects under Sales …” „… Proceeds, etc to Subcontractors, Law No 120/1956 as amended Shōhi-sha keiyaku-hō, 消費者契約法, Consumer Contract …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748911777

Olaf Deinert - International Labour Law under the Rome Conventions

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Olaf Deinert

International Labour Law under the Rome Conventions

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2017

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9 Law governing employment contracts S. 94-176

„… conflict-of-laws rules.1 That means that the law chosen applies to the contract. It is not the case that, under the …” „… protection of the binding provisions under the notional law applicable to the contract cannot lawfully be …” „… 9 Law governing employment contracts I. Overview …”

REGULATION (EC) No 593/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL (Rome I) S. 417-438

„… parties from incorporating by reference into their contract a non-State body of law or an international …” „… contract law, including standard terms and conditions, such instrument may provide that the parties may …” „… the fact that the contract can be categorised as one of the specified types or as being the law of the …”

11 Creation of the contract S. 251-260

„… Chapter 4: Scope of the law applicable to the employment contract In this Chapter the scope of the …” „… law applicable to the employment contract will be discussed. Matters which relate to questions of the …” „… law. The chapter begins with the coming into existence of the employment contract (Section 11), moving …”

8 Law governing formal validity S. 85-93

„… governed by the law applicable to the employment contract.1 Referral in respect of formal validity covers …” „… (paragraph 12). I. Substantive law The conclusion of employment contracts is, to a very large extent, free …” „… People’s Republic of China, under Article 5 of the Regulation implementing the law on employment contracts …”

13 Legal succession and termination of the employment relationship S. 319-361

„… , recourse will be had to the laws of contract under the common law of the individual states. These are …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 I. Overview In what follows, the scope of the law applicable to the contract and special …” „… the contract.1 From a substantive-law perspective any such continuation is precluded under English …”

12 Contents of the employment relationship S. 261-318

„… the law applicable to the contract.1 Similarly, interpretation of the contract is governed by the law …” „… provisions. The scope of the law applicable to the contract, choice of law, protective provisions, and the …” „… contract entails an obligation in regard to the performance of work in which case the scope of the law …”

7 Capacity and contractual capability S. 79-84

„… to the employment contract or by another applicable law; they also inquire to what extent special …” „… applicable to the contract. It is determined by the law applicable to the person, which is generally governed …” „… Civil Code. Japanese law provides for the employment contract to be entered into by a minor with the …”

4 Classification S. 38-59

„… contract for conflict-of-laws purposes may be different from what it is in substantive law. In that regard …” „… , problems of succession are dealt with in the Rome V Regulation, contract law is dealt with generally in …” „… are questions going to the scope of the law applicable to the contract (see paragraph 4). The starting …”

14 Post-termination effects of the employment contract S. 362-367

„… competition, notwithstanding the law applicable to the contract (see Section 10 paragraph 89).18 However …” „… under the law applicable to the contract, have granted access to business secrets which he would not …” „… inferred from general principles of contract law (for instance, the employment law principle of equal …”

10 Special connecting rules S. 177-250

„… under the law that would objectively be applicable to the contract (in the absence of a choice of law …” „… requires the application of a rule, even if it is not part of the law applicable to the contract, it will …” „… from the law applicable to the contract. In the context of the subjective connecting rule under Article …”

Register S. 501-504

„… – relationship with propper law of the contract 191 – State of performance 234, 236, 237 – sufficient connection …” „… application of substantive law 62 – slavery 66 – termination of contract 67 – third countries 240 public …” „… 388 – consequences for the individual 400 – cross-border 391 – EU law 405 – excess 398 – lawfulness …”

1 Subject-matter, Objectives and methods S. 1-14

„… which law is applicable to an employment contract. The present account fundamentally concerns these …” „… provision is termed the applicable law, for example, the law applicable to the contract of employment or, in …” „… to enter into legal relations is not covered by the law governing the employment contract but by a …”

15 Industrial action S. 368-408

„… agreement depends on the precondition that the labour contract is governed by the same law as the collective …” „… : Scope of the law applicable to the employment contract 370 3 rules.15 This in turn is conducive to the …” „… paragraph 2. Chapter 4: Scope of the law applicable to the employment contract 372 5 der systems that from …”

2 Sources of law for determining the applicable employment law S. 15-27

„… international contract law, and with it international employment law, was harmonised at European level under the …” „… international contract law, is based on Article 8 of the Rome I Regulation. As early as the 1960 s the European …” „… concerning the law governing individual employment contracts.8 In the end no such instrument was en- 3 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… of classification and law applicable to classification ..II. 43 The individual employment contract …” „… .............................................. II. 95 Choice of law (law subjectively applicable to the contract) ...III. 101 The choice of law …” „… Act 1996 ERCL European Review of Contract Law ErfK Erfurter Kommentar zum Arbeitsrecht ESC Europäische …”

5 Public policy S. 60-69

„… the forum. This provision takes priority1 as a lex specialis in the area of international contract law …” „… self-standing referring rule,9 or special connecting rule.10 In this regard international contract law, and thus …” „… overriding mandatory provisions to apply, irrespective of the proper law of the contract. They will be dealt …”

16 International jurisdiction and application of law problems S. 409-416

„… concerning individual employment contracts is governed by Article 18 of the Lugano Convention. National law …” „… observe his national public holidays under the law applicable to the contract as well as the public …” „… is governed by the law applicable to the contract (Section 13 paragraph 34). A person working in the …”

DIRECTIVE 96/71/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL (Posting Directive) S. 445-454

„… contract is to be governed, according to Article 6 (2), by the law of the country, in which the employee …” „… which case the contract is to be governed by the law of that country; (9) Whereas, according to Article …” „… contract concluded between that undertaking and the party for whom the services are intended, or of the …”

COM(2016) 128 final S. 485-500

„… employees to choose the law applicable to the employment contract. However, the employee must not be …” „… Regulation, the law of the host Member Sates therefore applies to the employment contract of such posted …” „… services by a company under a service contract, posting in the context of an establishment or company …”

3 Influences of European Union law S. 28-37

„… country as the law governing the contract (see, on this issue, the account given concerning public order …” „… events, had a right to cancel their agreements, although the contract was governed by Spanish law, and …” „… 3 Influences of European Union law I. Conflict-of-laws rules under Union law …”

6 Further questions under the General Part S. 70-78

„… employment contract law, there was an assumption that a choice of law entailed a substantive-law referral …” „… significant in terms of employment law.11 In Swiss international contract law as well, renvoi and multiple …” „… international contract law were to be construed as applying to substantive rules of law. Article 20 of the Rome …”

REGULATION (EU) No 1215/2012 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL (Brussels I bis) S. 441-444

„… of a relationship deemed by the law applicable to such relationship to have comparable effects to …” „… determined by the law of that Member State. 2. As against such a defendant, any person domiciled in a Member …” „… Jurisdiction over individual contracts of employment Article 20 1. In matters relating to individual contracts …”

DIRECTIVE 2014/67/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL (Enforcement Directive) S. 455-484

„… 2014/67/EU 456 law of the Member State to whose territory a worker is posted. Further clarification and …” „… the applicable rules. (11) Where there is no genuine posting situation and a conflict of law arises …” „… the posting of workers for the provision of services since they may, in accordance with national law …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845278605

Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer - Digital Revolution: Challenges for Contract Law in Practice

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Reiner Schulze (ed.), Dirk Staudenmayer (ed.)

Digital Revolution: Challenges for Contract Law in Practice

2016

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Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer Digital Revolution – Challenges for Contract Law S. 19-32

„… national contract laws – from Chinese contract law7 to the ‘New Civil Code’ in the Netherlands8, from the …” „… Digital Revolution – Challenges for Contract Law Reiner Schulze / Dirk Staudenmayer* Challenges for …” „… necessary. Such question concerns many areas of law, especially contract law due to its central role for a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Digital Revolution: Challenges for Contract Law in Practice Reiner Schulze/Dirk Staudenmayer (eds …” „… .) Nomos Reiner Schulze/Dirk Staudenmayer (eds.) Digital Revolution: Challenges for Contract Law in …” „… for Contract Law in Practice Reiner Schulze / Dirk Staudenmayer (eds.) 271 p. ISBN 978-1-5099-0733-5 …”

Rolf H. Weber Contractual Duties and Allocation of Liability in Automated Digital Contracts S. 163-188

„… robot is not a subject of law and therefore cannot enter into legally binding contracts.13 Nevertheless …” „… contracts has evolved parallel to the technological developments. Businesses as well as law firms deal on a …” „… businesses and law firms operate. What used to require hours of diligent contract review can today be done by …”

Christiane Wendehorst Consumer Contracts and the Internet of Things S. 189-224

„… emergence of IoT must have a profound impact also on the law of contract. However, hardly anyone has so far …” „… spelt out the exact implications and what is required in order to make contract law fit for the 21st …” „… accessed 14 December 2015. 189 that a technologically neutral attitude towards contract law is …”

Christian Twigg-Flesner Conformity of 3D prints – Can current Sales Law cope? S. 35-68

„… 3D-Printing and Contract Law Conformity of 3D prints – Can current Sales Law cope? Christian …” „… Twigg-Flesner* Introduction This contribution focuses on the contract law issues of an exciting technological …” „… re-think current law particularly with regard to contract law, specifically the sale of goods. Much has …”

Geraint Howells, Chris Willett 3D Printing: The Limits of Contract and Challenges for Tort S. 67-86

„… Twigg-Flesner outlines the limits of contract law in dealing with 3D printing.4 There are intriguing questions …” „… . Traditional primary role for contract law: front-line seller liability In a ‘normal’ market, contract law is …” „… business purposes.13 If they are not, then they will not be liable strictly in contract law. How is 3DP any …”

Rafael Illescas Ortiz Share Economy and the Consumer Concept S. 111-118

„… , mostly on private law, civil and commercial law, national and European law. To begin, it is to be noted …” „… that the law on electronic commerce was essentially founded at the end of the 20th century on four …” „… basic principles: functional equivalency, non-alteration of pre-existing law, technological neutrality …”

Natali Helberger Profiling and Targeting Consumers in the Internet of Things – A New Challenge for Consumer Law S. 135-164

„… , contract law and unfair commercial practices. Profiling and targeting in IoT affects the way products and …” „… implication will be that many smart devices will fall under a combination of consumer sales law and contract …” „… scrutiny under unfair contract terms regulation. The objective of contract law and the Directive about …”

Larry A. DiMatteo Regulation of Share Economy: A Consistently Changing Environment S. 89-112

„… state regulatory authorities, as well as by private law, mainly tort, property, and contract law found …” „… particularly punitive contract clause can be held to be unconscionable under contract law by a state court. One …” „… Professor of Contract Law & Legal Studies at the University of Florida. 89 always be confronted with new …”

Caroline Meller-Hannich Share Economy and Consumer Protection S. 119-132

„… work. Besides the fields of law previously mentioned, the law of the works contract and services arises …” „… : The consumer can terminate the contract by withdrawal. Consumer law already applies contrary to …” „… Meller-Hannich is Professor of Law at the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg for Civil Law, Civil …”

Gerd Billen The Challenges of Digitisation for Consumers S. 11-20

„… terms of contract law. As part of its strategy for a digital single market, the European Commission has …” „… to promote cross-border commerce by standardising certain areas of contract law. An interesting …” „… , the law will have to be very clear in the provisions it stipulates. Two such points that specifically …”

Rolf H. Weber Statement S. 263-266

„… technological environment always raises questions in relation to the contract conditions and the liability …” „… regime. To a far extent, however, in the context of the IoT the traditional contract rules can deal with …” „… of Roman law is more and more replaced by the notion of correlation. The confidence of users …”

Erica Palmerini, Andrea Bertolini Liability and Risk Management in Robotics S. 225-260

„… Katz and Richard Craswell, ‘Contract Law’ in Mitchell A Polinsky and Steven Shavell (eds), Handbook of …” „… Incomplete Contracts’ The Yale Law Journal 87 et seq. 94 See Alan Schwartz and Robert E Scott, ‘Contract …” „… . * Erica Palmerini is Associate Professor of Private Law at the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (SSSA), she …”

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