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Swantje Renfordt - Framing the Use of Force: An International Rule of Law in Media Reporting

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Swantje Renfordt

Framing the Use of Force: An International Rule of Law in Media Reporting

2011

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Which International Law Norms Matter in Media Discourse? S. 136-143

„… frame of reference in media communication when an intervention only meets moderate public protest, as in …” „… debate, I expect to find references in media reporting to five norms as laid down in the United Nations …” „… , Figure 14 below uses a different scaling. In total, I found 1,026 references to UN authority in …”

Defining the Law Norms Analysed – What are the Legal Rules to Govern the Use of Force? S. 29-36

„… in more detail and contextualises them with reference to current academic debate about their …” „… principle is reflected in the “one country, one vote” rule governing decision-making in the General Assembly …” „… system of collective security. Accordingly, there are numerous references to human rights in the UN …”

Coding the Newspaper Articles and Testing Reliability S. 94-101

„… the third and fourth quarters of 1994 as well as in the first, third, and fourth quarters of 1995 …” „… the date of publication or country-specific matters. Moreover, in order to avoid a language bias, all …” „… collected rather straightforward, technical information on the country, newspaper, year, month, and day of …”

Opinions in International Law Discourse S. 123-129

„… opinion for each country, and it also gives the relative share compared to all law articles published in …” „… that country. The objective of Table 9 is to provide an overview. An analysis of smaller temporal units …” „… examination of Table 9 points to two findings. Firstly, almost two thirds of all law articles (63.3 per cent …”

Do Borders Matter for an Overall Law Framing? S. 143-172

„… it serves as a reference category.128 The analysis of country effects gives support to the world …” „… . Tests taking a different country as reference category repeat this finding: taking the United Kingdom as …” „… law references for each nation. I furthermore used logarithmised data since the values of the time …”

How Visible is International Law in the Media? S. 105-118

„… newspaper discourses. Figure 4 plots the sequence charts for law references for each country in the 64 …” „… lowers the country average for law references in US discourse substantially. Another finding applies for …” „… across distinct countries? Can we observe a Westernisation of discourse in terms that public references …”

– Evaluation of Guiding Assumptions S. 189-197

„… different country, the United Kingdom, was chosen as reference category. Though some exceptions remain, we …” „… of interpretations was used in each country. Newscast most often displays a legal framing, thus …” „… considered variables on the different newspapers analysed for each country and various aggregations of …”

International Law in Framing Context S. 118-123

„… military or humanitarian intervention as the major issue of interest display at least one reference to …” „… interpretations trump references to universal principles. A more detailed analysis of media reporting revealed …” „… country, and it also gives the relative share compared to all law articles published in that country. The …”

– Conclusion of Part Two S. 101-104

„… . This data set is the point of reference for most analyses carried out in Part Three of this study …” „… investigation cover and why? Third, what data is used and why? Based on my review and evaluation of the …” „… , qualitative analysis of media content in a particular country or at a specific point in time. Yet, this price …”

Appendix S. 227-233

„… references in intervention discourse1990-51996-20002001-5Figure 18. Share of Law References in Articles where …” „… Interventions are Main Issue Notes: For each country, the figure gives the relative share for an International …” „… “0.6” as shown in the third column for French newspaper articles reports that sixty per cent of all …”

– Introduction S. 13-23

„… the key framework of reference in times of war emerge around two major crises events in the post Cold …” „… legitimate authoriser of the use of armed force.9 A third and final contribution of this thesis is …” „… their public context. And even fewer works are systematic, cross-country comparative media studies …”

Evaluation of Empirical Findings S. 202-207

„… country effects (1) Before examining whether International Law emerges as a “script” in media debate …” „… 2003. (3) The third finding Table 15 reports deals with the more specific content of media …” „… controversy, surrounding an intervention. With reference to survey data, I argued that the degree of public …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845231433

Meinrad Handstanger, Benedikt Harzl, Stephan Hinghofer-Szalkay, Emma Lantschner, Elmar Pichl, Jürgen Pirker, Klaus Poier, Günther Rautz, Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Hedwig Unger - Law and Politics

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Meinrad Handstanger (ed.), Benedikt Harzl (ed.), Stephan Hinghofer-Szalkay (ed.), Emma Lantschner (ed.), Elmar Pichl (ed.), Jürgen Pirker (ed.), Klaus Poier (ed.), Günther Rautz (ed.), Gabriel N. Toggenburg (ed.), Hedwig Unger (ed.)

Law and Politics

2022

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Karl Kössler Sovereignty and Secession: Theoretical, Legal and Political Perspectives S. 941-958

„… nation.’9 Following Rousseau and the famous statement of Sieyès that the ‘[t]hird Estate is always …” „… sovereigns of this country’.19 Several decades later Tocqueville famously observed that the ‘sovereignty of …” „… Land.29In another case of a country confronted with separatist claims, certainly more serious ones, it …”

Drino Galicic Legalisation of politics or politicization of law in Bosnia and Herzegovina: the authority of courts as collateral damage S. 1031-1046

„… ReferencesBalkaninsight, 2016. Bosniaks Boycott Srebrenica School in Language Row, http://www …” „… Herzegovina (BiH) and its related subsequent jurisprudence.1 However, the country is no closer to repealing …” „… (the so-called third entity), and which would represent the electoral constituency for the BiH …”

Roberto Toniatti The Recognition of a New Minority by Judicial Ruling: the Case of the LGBTI Community in Nepal S. 737-754

„… institutional setting of the country as well as the cultural and ideological set of values assumed to be shared …” „… Federal Republic, in Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 2011, 234 ff.2 Reference is to the several …” „… discriminations and oppression created by the feudal, autocratic, centralized and unitary system”).6 Reference is …”

Roberta Medda-Windischer Changing Perspectives in Minority Studies: A Human Rights Model of Diversity Governance for Old and New Minorities S. 483-510

„… third-country nationals who are long-term residents) contain only vague references to the protection and …” „… Third-Country Nationals in the EU“, in Elspeth Guild, Kees Groenendijk and Sergio Carrera (eds), Illiberal …” „… linguistic, ethnic or national minorities, third-country nationals who immigrate to the EU, or immigrants who …”

Alexandra Tomaselli The Intertwinement of History, Law and Politics in the case of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Latin America S. 709-736

„… opposing phenomena of the last decades need to be succinctly pointed out.First, after the so-called “third …” „… 1974–1991 (date of publication of his book). This “third wave” in Latin America (post-1974) has been …” „… carefully analyzed by Hagopian and Mainwaring. See Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in …”

Levente Salat Reconciling political unity, legal equality and ethnic diversity S. 461-480

„… that theoretical focus on ethnopolitical mobilization might be perceived as a possible ‘third paradigm …” „… not use the ‘third paradigm‘ concept. The term was coined by Milton J. Esman in his Ethnic politics …” „… ‘third paradigm’. Joseph Marko’s contribution to this emerging subdiscipline is particularly important …”

Sia Spiliopoulou Åkermark Multilingualism in Law across Europe – Comparative Lessons from the ELDIA Research Project S. 307-340

„… and a number of other discrepancies between the situation between EU and third country citizens have …” „… position of migrant languages is hard to describe with reference to the legal system. Multilingualism …” „… be obtained anywhere in the country, the obligatory possession of bilingual personal documents in the …”

Florian Bieber Ethnicity and Territory in International Peace Proposals in the Former Yugoslavia S. 1011-1030

„… number of peace plans actually failed over the lack of unified support by all key third parties. James …” „… rejecting the explicit reference to Serbs in Croatia and Serbia objecting to a reference to Vojvodina and …” „… subsequent peace plans for Bosnia and Herzegovina, based the constitutional organization of the country on …”

Verena Wisthaler Wanted and unwanted migrants in South Tyrol. Constructing the collective identity through ‘othering’ S. 631-654

„… high when compared to other minority contexts in Western Europe, such as Wales, the Basque Country, and …” „… (ASTAT 2012). One third of the foreign population are from EU countries; one third are from other …” „… campaign, the UfS declared that South Tyrol was ‘not a country of immigration’ (UfS Election Manifesto …”

Michael Keating Building on Sand? Some Thoughts on the Ontological and Normative Foundations of Self-Determination S. 931-940

„… nations’ has regularly suggested that the electorate is more attracted by these ‘third way‘ formulas than …” „… borders. The Basque Country can be defined in multiple ways, depending on how historical, cultural …” „… , linguistic, identitarian or jurisdictional criteria are used. The Autonomous Community of the Basque Country …”

Mikhail Antonov Russian conservatism and human rights in Europe S. 869-888

„… , Russia was not the first European country to contest this power of the ECtHR, albeit this contestation …” „… dream of the Third Rome. Supporting conservative movements and calling to constrain human rights to the …” „… discourses about original traditions and distinctiveness of each country.Human Rights, Legal Principles and …”

Sergiu Constantin Between Law and Politics: Language Rights and Norm Contestation Processes in Ukraine (1991-2021) S. 341-368

„… minorities.4Third, the recognition of language rights corresponds to the larger phenomenon of …” „… political climate in their respective country” and tend “to uphold the interpretation provided by the main …” „… country. However, the law remained in force as the acting president Oleksandr Turchynov did not sign the …”

Alice Engl, Estelle Evrard Agenda-setting dynamics in the post-2020 cohesion policy reform: the pathway towards the European cross-border mechanism as possible policy change S. 655-680

„… (Harguindéguy and Hayward 2014). Third, by Alice Engl, Estelle Evrard656focusing on this particular aspect of EU …” „… regard to the present study. The third part introduces the ECBM as a case study and the methodological …” „… competence. Third, there are administrative obstacles caused by inadequate procedural and adverse behavioural …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748933113

Josef Schmid, Karin Amos, Josef Schrader, Ansgar Thiel - Internationalisierte Welten der Bildung

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Josef Schmid (ed.), Karin Amos (ed.), Josef Schrader (ed.), Ansgar Thiel (ed.)

Internationalisierte Welten der Bildung

Series: Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik

Volume 16 2016

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Alexander W. Wiseman, Lisa Damaschke-Deitrick, Elizabeth Bruce, Petrina Davidson, Calley Stevens Taylor Transnational scientized education discourse: A cross-national comparison S. 121-146

„… references to the role of education in individuals’ employability and contributions to the overall economy …” „… optimism in human ability to scientifically solve problems at large. Third, education discourse …” „… below. 3.1 General Document Selection For each country, ten documents were selected for a total of 30 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265186

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OER Osteuropa Recht

Browse Volumes: OER Osteuropa Recht

OER Volume 63 (2017) Issue 4 ISSN Online: 2366-6730

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Ágoston Mohay, Ádám Lukonits Protecting the Rule of Law as a Fundamental Value of the EU – The Article 7 Procedure and Beyond S. 401-412

„… becoming a stable point of reference in the Court’s argumentation and reasoning2, the principle was …” „… the establishment of the European Union, the Member States decided to insert formal references to the …” „… rule of law into the Maastricht Treaty (1992/1993), though in a more symbolic way: reference was made …”

Boldizsár Nagy Renegade in the Club – Hungary’s Resistance to EU Efforts in the Asylum Field S. 413-427

„… , namely the case of rejection based on safe third country grounds, and acceleration based on delayed …” „… General, C-277/11, 22 November 2012). – The return to Serbia under the Hungarian safe third country rules …” „… may not meet the requirements enshrined in Article 38 PD. Serbia is not a safe third country.28 …”

András Zs. Varga The Basic Law of Hungary and the Rule of Law – Cooperation between Hungary and the Venice Commission S. 383-400

„… forming a block as Opposition Round Table and the third side, the so-called non-aligned organizations …” „… references to other, specified constitutional rights. The principle of rule of law may be directly called up …” „… (further reference to nominated rights).Thirdly, it is presumed as a mysterious (secret) substantive rule …”

doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2017-4

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europa ethnica

Browse Volumes: europa ethnica

europa ethnica Volume 70 (2013) Issue 3-4 ISSN Online: 0014-2492

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Vahagn Avedian Recognition, Responsibility and Reconciliation. The Trinity of the Armenian Genocide S. 77-86

„… ” and could not pertain to any “third party” . This statement was a clear reference to Nagorno …” „… process the events of WWI . The phenomenon of “the third generation” was obvious in the Armenian case …” „… third generation, however, had the distance and the curiosity to confront their grandparents and ask …”

doi.org/10.24989/0014-2492-2013-34

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