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Aline Bartenstein - The Concept of Solidarity

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Aline Bartenstein

The Concept of Solidarity

Series: Studies on the European Union

Volume 18 2021

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3. The principle of solidarity as political commitment and legal norm S. 118-153

„… The principle of solidarity as political commitment and legal norm The following chapter aims to …” „… value, which informs the design of legal norms. On the other hand, it can be understood as a legal …” „… solidarity as political commitment and legal norm 120 From Maastricht to Nice: inclusion of solidarity as a …”

2. Research framework S. 32-117

„… by the CJEU (e.g. CJEU Case 230/81). Art. 10 TEC constitutes a legal norm that is an expression of a …” „… legal obligation. – After the French Revolution solidarity was used in concordance with fraternity …” „… a legal term, referring to obligations arising from joint liability. „So bindet schon die obligatio …”

5. Conclusions S. 251-272

„… metamorphosis to become a legal principle in the making. The EU, which has gone through a myriad of different …” „… , at first, solidarity remained shallow without clarity on its political or legal meaning. The lack of …” „… , and at the same time a legal principle under discussion and used in politics in a nebulous and …”

1. Introduction: European solidarity – a chameleonic term S. 17-31

„… legal case on the determination of solidarity as legal norm. The study finds that solidarity is scarcely …” „… should do, what kind of value solidarity is, and in how far solidarity is a global (legal) norm …” „… underlines the federal character of solidarity (Arban 2017). These different political and legal …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… commitment and legal norm 3. 118 Solidarity is running through the EU's bloodlines3.1. 118 From Maastricht to …” „… 3.1.2. 122 Solidarity as legal norm and binding commitment3.1.3. 126 European energy policy and the …” „… Nice: inclusion of solidarity as a legal principle 3.1.1. 121 The new impetus by the Treaty of Lisbon …”

List of Literature S. 273-308

„… - Input from the Integration of the European Gas Market', European Journal of Legal Studies, 11(2), pp …” „… . 46–65. Baurmann, Michael (1999) 'Solidarity as a Social Norm and as a Constitutional Norm', in Bayertz …” „… Küçük, E. (eds.) Solidarity in EU Law: Legal Principle in the Making. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar …”

Annex S. 309-318

„… Solidarität eine besondere soziale Norm ist, die für ein bestimmtes Kollektiv gilt, von den Mitgliedern …” „… , it is rather a political than a legal concept, important exceptions aside”. Knodt and Tews (Preuß …”

4. Solidarity in secondary law: only cosmetic improvements? S. 154-250

„… institutionalised solidarity has been inserted in the legal act. The results show in detail in which form …” „… declarative and institutionalised solidarity are present in the different legal documents. In the following, I …” „… first came into effect in 2004, has been reformed twice in 2010 and in 2017. Additionally, its legal …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748927952

Kris Grimonprez - The European Union and Education for Democratic Citizenship

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Kris Grimonprez

The European Union and Education for Democratic Citizenship

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 20 2020

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Weaker modes of reception of exogenic norms in the EU legal order S. 233-291

„… . Cross-fertilisation of legal orders occurs in the process of norm-setting as well as in the interpretation of the …” „… act. Norm-setting started at Council of Europe level and subsequently found its way into the EU legal …” „… Weaker modes of reception of exogenic norms in the EU legal order Incorporation of the substantive …”

Stronger modes of reception of exogenic norms in the EU legal order S. 191-232

„… Stronger modes of reception of exogenic norms in the EU legal order Accession of the EU to …” „… conventions is the highway via which exogenic norms enter the EU legal order. International agreements which …” „… norms into the EU legal order has limited direct relevance for EDC standards, which are––at present––not …”

Conclusion to Part two S. 291-294

„… the effects, this Part has formulated a schema of modes of reception of exogenic norms in the EU legal …” „… Europe standards in a cascade of norm-setting.1009 In the area of EDC/HRE, the chain of ongoing normative …” „… seen from the perspective of EU law. The question addressed in Part two was: what are the legal status …”

Introduction: Relevance of Council of Europe norms on education for the EU and its Member States S. 61-72

„… norms in their domestic legal orders. Each member state must accept the principles of the rule of law …” „… EDC/HRE. It is thus relevant to examine the legal status and effects of norms on EDC and to see in what …” „… States participate in the norm-setting of the Council of Europe and are called upon to give effect to the …”

Effects of the Charter on EDC/HRE in the Council of Europe legal order S. 109-178

„… , whereby the legal quality of a norm is essentially determined by its binding force. These documents …” „… remains a strong reference point. Legitimising effect In certain areas, norm-setting can be so complicated …” „… Effects of the Charter on EDC/HRE in the Council of Europe legal order Perspectives for assessing …”

The Charter on Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights Education (EDC/HRE) S. 73-108

„… decisions of the same legal value.164 Under Article 15 of the Statute, norm-setting by the Committee of …” „… substance Legal status within the Council of Europe legal order Terminology—endogenic and exogenic norms The …” „… ‘legal order’ of the Council of Europe is the composite of valid legal norms based on the Statute of the …”

Introduction: Criteria for determing content for the EU dimension S. 295-320

„… , in preparation for Part four on legal competence to provide for quality education. When setting norms …” „… economic actors, or as a norm-setter for crossborder situations, important only for mobile citizens. The …” „… Current Legal Problems 51, 51, on the question of ‘translatability’ of constitutionalism from the state …”

Conferral of competence to the EU S. 595-646

„… legal order, I refer to the schema of modes of reception of exogenic norms in Part two.2115 In their …” „… Norm-setting and clarification comes from a range of bodies, which also adapt the aims to evolving situations …” „… . CHAPTER 9 A 280 2079 See also Protocol (No 2) and Art 352(2) TFEU. 2080 D Edward, ‘Subsidiarity as a Legal …”

The EU dimension based on democratic participation rights in Title II TEU S. 465-506

„… vote in European Parliament elections also affect the norm-setting by Member States with regard to EDC …” „… rights in the EU integrated administrative system (Luxembourg Legal Studies 7, Nomos 2015). Also Hofmann …” „… law, giving citizens a context of participation, yet with specific EU features.1649 In legal terms …”

Introduction: The schema of modes of reception of exogenic norms S. 181-190

„… (highest-ranked norms); the Charter on EDC/HRE is a nonbinding instrument in the Council of Europe legal order …” „… as a pathway from one legal order to the other, allowing the reception of exogenic ECHR norms in the …” „… exogenic norms in the EU legal order: the schema of modes of reception The following analysis will explore …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-26

„… mapping of the different modes of reception of exogenic legal norms in the EU legal order. Similarly …” „… 183 Stronger modes of reception of exogenic norms in the EU legal order CHAPTER 3 191 Accession of the …” „… norms in the EU legal order CHAPTER 4 233 Incorporation of the substantive content of exogenic norms in …”

Summary and general conclusion S. 689-698

„… in-depth analysis of the legal status of such norms in the EU legal order. This analytical 2459 §§ 5 6 …” „… to national citizenship education programmes, seen from the legal perspective. To start with, firm …” „… ).2460 As can readily be seen, the first and the third anchor points relate to norms which are exogenic …”

Objective, critical and pluralistic EU learning S. 321-380

„… of the hierarchy of norms in the EU legal order, is relevant for citizens. EU primary law gives …” „… , para 2 (‘The norms of the European Union law shall be a constituent part of the legal system of the …” „… European Union law shall be applied directly, while in the event of collision of legal norms, they shall …”

Conclusion to Part three S. 586-588

„… perspective. While the schema of modes of reception of exogenic norms in the EU legal order has clarified how …” „… Legal Values in Europe’s Bailouts” (2015) 35 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 325’ (2015) 35 Oxford …” „… Journal of Legal Studies 325. 2071 § 151 . Conclusion to Part three 586 EU dimension. The analysis in Part …”

The EU dimension based on other EU rights and obligations S. 507-586

„… ’, ‘citizen of the Union’, ‘nationals of their countries’, ‘workers’, ‘any natural or legal person’, etc. In …” „… secondary law, legal instruments have varying personal scope and the categories of rights holders change …” „… quite ‘thin’ citizenship, which is much discussed in legal literature.1784 In EU law, it is usual to …”

Introduction S. 27-60

„… one hand, legal norms often considered to be self-evident because they are firmly established in …” „… primary law, and, on the other hand, legal culture or practice in contexts in which the norms in question …” „… order of legal norms, and combines the propositional and the concrete, whereas the legal system, that is …”

Subsidiarity, proportionality and Member State action S. 647-686

„… Subsidiarity has already been taken into account in the very definition of the EU’s competences in the legal …” „… competences in the EC legal order’, 183: not ‘fully’; the limits in education such as the prohibition of …” „… EU Treaties’ in The Principle of Subsidiarity and its Enforcement in the EU Legal Order: The Role of …”

Bibliography S. 709-807

„… October 2018 laying down the legal framework of the European Solidarity Corps and amending Regulation (EU …” „… September 2007 on institutional and legal implications of the use of 'soft law' instruments [2008] OJ C187E …” „… Ministers to member states on principles concerning the legal protection of incapable adults (23 February …”

The EU dimension based on classic EU citizenship rights S. 381-464

„… of the Union’ refers both to the legal status of all nationals of Member States (Articles 9 TEU, 20 …” „… generally listed among the classic citizenship rights. The CFR (possessing the same legal value as the …” „… in one Member State from the legal effects of diplomas or documents drawn up in the surname …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902034

Hauke Brunkhorst, Rüdiger Voigt, Hauke Brunkhorst, Rüdiger Voigt - Rechts-Staat

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Hauke Brunkhorst (ed.), Rüdiger Voigt (ed.), Hauke Brunkhorst (ed.), Rüdiger Voigt (ed.)

Rechts-Staat

Series: Staatsverständnisse

Volume 16 2008

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Andreas Kalyvas Is there a democratic ground norm? Reflections on Hans Kelsen’s legal and political theory S. 248-267

„… Andreas Kalyvas Is there a democratic ground norm? Reflections on Hans Kelsen´s legal and …” „… . Although a central category, Kelsen conceived of the basic norm as a condition of legal science and not as …” „… the object of legal cognition.1 “As a norm,” he bluntly put it, “the basic norm is not a concept.”2 …”

Andreas Fischer-Lescano Monismus, Dualismus? – Pluralismus. Selbstbestimmung des Weltrechts bei Hans Kelsen und Niklas Luhmann S. 204-231

„… the validity of positive norms, as it is incompetent to issue legal norms.”35 Kelsen listet eine …” „… conflicts between a norm of a legal order and one of a moral order, then the legal order can provide that …” „… the legal norm which conflicts with the moral norm shall lose its validity, but the legal order …”

Micha Brumlik Gesetzliches Unrecht: Die Wehrlosigkeit des wissenschaftlichen Rechtspositivismus gegenüber nationalsozialistischen Staatsverbrechen S. 384-395

„… , in dem die amtierende USamerikanische Regierung „unlawful fighters“ jenseits der Normen der Genfer …” „… herbeigeführten Ausnahmezustand, in dem die Norm von der Ausnahme ununterscheidbar wird. Das Lager – so schließt …” „… sorgfältig errichteten Trennlinien von Faktizitäten und Normen bzw. Moral und Recht eingezogen, sondern ein …”

Rüdiger Voigt Das Souveränitätsdreieck. Souveränitätsdenken bei Hermann Heller, Hans Kelsen und Carl Schmitt S. 102-125

„… Entscheidung mit der Norm, der Macht mit dem Rechten“1. Letztlich ist die Souveränität stets die Antwort auf …” „… legale Monarch garantiert zugleich die Existenz des Staates10, seine wichtigste Aufgabe ist die …” „… nicht anderen Menschen unterworfen, sondern stets nur einer Norm. Souveränität wird hier von allen …”

Jochen von Bernstorff Kelsen und das Völkerrecht: Rekonstruktion einer völkerrechtlichen Berufsethik S. 166-189

„… mit einer formalistischen Anwendung von Normen durch Gerichte gleich. Die Reine Rechtslehre kann nach …” „… Erzeugung einer individuellen Norm.7 Deswegen kann die Reine Rechtslehre nach Kelsen auch nicht mit einer …” „… , hierarisch-durchstrukturiertes System von Normen. Durch die Einführung "transzendentaler Rechtskategorien“ stützte Kelsen …”

András Jakab Kelsens Völkerrechtslehre zwischen Erkenntnistheorie und Politik S. 190-203

„… norm of the international law and the basic norm of the national legal order. [...] the basic norm of …” „… a legal order is a hypothesis of juristic thinking, not a norm of positive law. It must be accepted …” „… may be inclined to accept as a hypothesis the basic norm of his own national legal order; in other …”

Bardo Fassbender Friede durch Recht. Hans Kelsen und die Vereinten Nationen S. 126-147

„… important task is to assist the law-maker in the adequate formulation of the legal norms.“66 Als erste …” „… . Die früheste von Kelsen genannte Veröffentlichung ist: The Legal Process and International Order …” „… : 1019-1022. 65 Vgl. Schwarzenberger 1939: 56ff. (58): „Legal research (…) has to apply the sociological …”

Marcelo Neves Grenzen der Autonomie des Rechts in einer asymmetrischen Weltgesellschaft. Von Luhmann zu Kelsen S. 300-345

„… Kelsens Theoriemuster eingehen und dabei das Konzept des Geltungsgrundes einer Norm und einer …” „… anderen – sozusagen unteren – Ebene der Reinen Rechtslehre eine wichtige Rolle, wenn zwischen Soll-Norm …” „… Rechtswissenschaft, die Rechtsordnung, „erzeugt“, zu dem die Soll- Normen als Elementareinheiten gehören bzw. als …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-7

„… there a democratic ground norm? Reflections on Hans Kelsen’s legal and political theory 249 Sonja …” „… Regierungs- und Verfassungslehre 39 Manfred Gangl Integration und Norm. Zum Verhältnis von Rudolf …”

Cristina Hoss Kelsen in Den Haag. Die Haager Vorlesungen von Hans Kelsen S. 148-165

„… Staat irgendwelchen Normen unterwerfen. Das Völkerrecht jedoch beinhaltet Regeln, die unabhängig vom …” „… . Jede Norm verlange die Unterordnung der Normadressaten. Demnach sei das Völkerrecht als Rechtsordnung …” „… jeweiligen Verfassungen der Staaten, doch letztlich richten sich die völkerrechtlichen Normen immer an die …”

Robert Chr. van Ooyen Die Entzauberung des Staates in demokratischer Absicht: Hans Kelsens Bedeutung für eine moderne Regierungs- und Verfassungslehre S. 38-71

„… die Verfassung die Norm der Normen, weil sie die Normerzeugung durch Gesetze regelt, das Gesetz …” „… gelöst werden. Kelsen führt daher die sogenannte Grundnorm ein, der als bloß hypothetischer Norm genau …” „… the „Unity of the State“ – On the Structural Setting of Kelsen’s Legal Thought. In: Diner, Dan …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845206806

Luzius Mader, Marta Tavares de Almeida - Quality of Legislation - Principles and Instruments

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Luzius Mader (ed.), Marta Tavares de Almeida (ed.)

Quality of Legislation - Principles and Instruments

Series: International Association of Legislation (IAL) / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesetzgebung (DGG)

Volume 16 2011

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Pierre Issalys Canada Impact Assessment as a Means towards Higher Quality of Legal Norms: beware of Blind Spots S. 208-218

„… 208 Impact Assessment as a Means towards Higher Quality of Legal Norms: beware of Blind Spots …” „… regulation, including regulation through legal norms. The spread of IA might be ascribed to yet another of …” „… higher-quality legal norms. At the same time, however, it will heed the frequently-heard reminder that some …”

Fabiana de Menezes Soares Brasil Decodification and Legis-action S. 251-263

„… of social representations of a meaningful repertoire of legal norms within a given context which in …” „… stipulated in the context of sharing values between legal norms, habits and morality. The law of our times …” „… to topic and to category; it also allows the inclusion of legal norms and state and municipal levels …”

Jorge Miranda Portugal Law, Rule of Law and quality of Law S. 22-31

„… : – Certainty, such as exact knowledge of the applicable legal norms, period of validity and the conditions in …” „… legal norms and their ability to be understood by typical addressees; – Fairness, such as …” „… non-arbitrariness, suitability to the collective needs and internal consistency of legal norms; – Determinability …”

Luzius Mader Congress Conclusions S. 321-330

„… function a specific piece of legislation is supposed to fulfil. For legal norms with a predominantly …” „… this is still its main focus. However, as it has been demonstrated during the congress, legal norms …” „… legal norms applicable to a certain situation. In this regard, new technologies may offer possibilities …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Pierre Issalys Canada Impact Assessment as a Means towards Higher Quality of Legal Norms: beware of …” „… procedure - not from a constitutional or legal point of view which belongs mainly to constitutional and …” „… methodology. Some crucial questions were raised: How can IA contribute towards a better quality of norms …”

Nuno Garoupa Portugal Regulatory Impact Assessment – Economic and Political dimensions S. 200-208

„… Assessment as a Means towards Higher Quality of Legal Norms: beware of Blind Spots Pierre Issalys As we are …” „… through legal norms. The spread of IA might be ascribed to yet another of those »fashion effects …” „… premise that IA is indeed a requisite feature for the production of higher-quality legal norms. At the …”

Vihar Kiskinov Bulgary Legal Action in the Virtual Realm: New Legislative Methodology and Techniques S. 297-308

„… disposition of their substantiated legal norms or the clauses of the concluded contracts. If these operations …” „… problems of cognitive, norm creation and application character. The virtual legal reality has action which …” „… 297 Legal Action in the Virtual Realm: New Legislative Methodology and Techniques Vihar Kiskinov …”

Elena Griglio, Cristina Fasone Italy The »Time-Factor« within the Lawmaking Process: a limit to Legislation Quality Improvement? S. 86-109

„… end of the XIXth Century the codification of legal norms in Italy has followed the French example …” „… coherence of the legal system to quality and transparency of law provisions2. From the point of view of …” „… law enforcement, good legislation positively affects the implementation of legal provisions by all …”

Hungary Communication in Legislation – using ICT S. 277-288

„… lawmaking, consultation and reconciliation and publication of legal norms adopted. Thus, communication …” „… having search function, make it easier for everybody to locate the relevant legal norms and comply with …” „… prerequisite is that e-consultation and the related legal measures are understood and applied by agencies in …”

Posters S. 331-350

„… Consultancy permanent staff assists legislators with legal advice from an impartial and multidisciplinary …” „… the prior or successive impact assessment of the legal acts conceived within the Ministry of Justice’s …” „… matter for the legal world, this concept is definitely overcome. Today, as a corollary of the material …”

Giuseppe Cammarota, Giovanni Piccirilli Italy Political Communication and Effectiveness of Legislation. Challenges to the certainty of law beyond the law in the books S. 288-297

„… of the law/rule The normative acts, unlike the legal acts between individuals, have their …” „… which they are subjected. The legal systems that use multiple sources of knowledge are typically in …” „… Community. However, after the legal publication, even if it is formally »valid«, a rule could not be …”

William Robinson United Kingdom Making EU Legislation more accessible S. 263-277

„… and publication of legal norms adopted. Thus, communication about and during legislation entails …” „… official legal code in Twelve Tables was drawn up by a committee of ten men and posted on tablets in the …” „… of the legal rules applicable to a given case«.4 The heads of State and Government of the Member …”

Wim Voermans Netherlands Quality of EU Legislation under Scrutiny: what kind of Problem, by what kind of Standards? S. 31-67

„… National Legal Order, in: Ernst M.H. Hirsch Ballin and Linda A.J. Senden (eds.), Co-actorship in the …” „… Essence of Legal Technique, 9 U. Chicago Law Review 75 (1941-1942), p. 75-97. 7 These functions in fact …” „… (from the vast lakes of literature on regulatory governance) for instance, A. Ogus, Regulation: Legal …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845231792

Thomas Dreier, Tiziana Andina - Digital Ethics

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Thomas Dreier (ed.), Tiziana Andina (ed.)

Digital Ethics

Series: Bild und Recht - Studien zur Regulierung des Visuellen

Volume 11 2022

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Thomas Dreier Chapter 17 The Deontic Power of the Internet – Access Controls and the Obsolescence of Legal Norms S. 297-322

„… to decide against the fulfilment of the command contained in the norm (after all, legal norms are …” „… only “ought”-norms),4 technical limitations deplete the legal norm of its normative content. Moreover …” „… particular technical device, a legal norm that prohibits such restrictions would be difficult to legitimize …”

Thomas Dreier, Tiziana Andina Chapter 1 Images, Technology, Ethics and Law – An Intricate Relationship S. 11-36

„… Technology, ethics and legal normsOpening Part 5 which focuses on the relationship between and mutual …” „… existing legal norms be ethically assessed? Additionally, it is important to note that digital technology …” „… corresponding legal norms. However, to do so would seem a little odd. Admittedly, there may be issues that will …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… NormsPart 5A Face in the Cloud? – Identifying Moral Issues and Constraints in Cloud-Based Image …” „… NormsChapter 17297Thomas DreierAlgorithmic Censorship of Online Visual Content – Ethical, Political, and …” „… Norm in PicturesChapter 4 75Enrico TerroneImages, Art and SocietyPart 3Who Cares About Privacy? – The …”

Johannes Eichenhofer Chapter 20 The Constitutional Protection of Images S. 357-386

„… norms.Dealing with “outer” images beyond states symbols and guiding principles (“image regimes”)A question to be …” „… non-textual visual objects (such as photos, logos, etc.) on an ongoing basis. Here, however, the legal …” „… (constitutional) law – is their semantic richness. Pictures are often used as legal rules to clearly indicate a …”

Wybo Houkes Chapter 16 A Face in the Cloud? – Identifying Moral Issues and Constraints in Cloud-Based Image Storage S. 273-296

„… Part 5Technology, Ethics and Legal NormsChapter 16A Face in the Cloud? – Identifying Moral Issues …” „… increasing use of such services for personal images, such as family photos. This trend has economic and legal …” „… issues can be discussed while taking into account some of the economic, sociological and legal …”

Reinold Schmücker Chapter 3 Digital Image Ethics – How it Could be Pursued and What It Might Have to Say S. 49-74

„… theory.This finding is confirmed when we consider where and how the law is applied. Legal norms are applied on …” „… procedures that guarantee the validity of the norms to be applied by legal practitioners in court or in …” „… positive law cannot be resorted to, either because no corresponding legal norms exist or because the …”

Christophe Geiger Chapter 21 Contemporary Art on Trial – The Fundamental Right to Free Artistic Expression and the Regulation of the Use of Images by Copyright Law S. 387-416

„… copyright and higher-ranking norms such as fundamental rights, might be incompatible with the EU legal order …” „… tradition, and risk increasing legal uncertainty, is not convincing as numerous other open norms can be …” „… FreedomAppropriation art’s discontents with copyrightUndeniably, copyright – or authors’ right, as the legal protection …”

Eva-Maria Bauer Chapter 8 Fairness Aspects of Techniques of Referencing Cultures S. 137-158

„… of referencing, there is still a legal risk for those using other people's images. For example, the …” „… copyright law does not take into account the conditions and norms of communication,19 thus not considering …” „… the legal reality of users, the legitimacy crisis of copyright law will be exacerbated.20 Copyright …”

Gianmaria Ajani Chapter 15 Human Authorship and Art Created by Artificial Intelligence – Where Do We Stand? S. 253-270

„… were considered as nothing more than a tool, legal provisions were applied accordingly. Most of today’s …” „… policy issues that affect copyright ownership entitlements and legal protection of artists, researchers …” „… relevant for both international and national legal regimes of regulating art production.A New Agenda for …”

Lorenz Müller-Tamm Chapter 14 Portrait or Personal Data – The Rivalry of Image and Data Protection Legislation S. 239-252

„… . 9, via the right to privacy).239two regulatory regimes, which is subject to ongoing legal debates …” „… , will be outlined (III.). Irrespective of this specific, detailed legal dispute on a methodical level …” „… legal provision is a depiction of a person, i.e., the representation of the person in his or her real …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748934011

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