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Johanna Braun - Host State Circumstances and Absolute Standards of Protection in International Investment Law

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Johanna Braun

Host State Circumstances and Absolute Standards of Protection in International Investment Law

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht

Volume 46 2022

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II. Possible Explanation for These Results S. 224-232

„… Possible Explanation for These ResultsIt is submitted here the different approaches to considering …” „… 259) 269–70. See also above p 195.1113 See above p 208.II. Possible Explanation for These Results226 …” „… 198, 204, 211, 213.1123 See also de Brabandere (n 133) 348. II. Possible Explanation for These Results …”

III. Conclusion and Scope S. 64-65

„… standards. This work will finish off by comparing and analysing the findings before providing an explanation …”

III. Theses in Summary S. 233-234

„… considering host State circumstances. 22. A second important explanation is the legitimacy crisis that has …”

I. Comparison of the Results S. 221-223

„… provide an explanation for the differences and similarities.Results on the Normative FoundationsNeither …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… of the Host States’ Circumstances Considered3. 222Time of the Decisions4. 223Possible Explanation for …”

I. Normative Foundations of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard S. 67-104

„… Management case, the financial crisis prevailing in Mexico provided an explanation as to why the host State …” „… international law’.309 A possible explanation could be that customary international law, which is based on …” „… international law. Yet, this explanation must remain pure speculation as the arbitrators did not support their …”

II. Arbitral Tribunals’ Interpretation of the Full Protection and Security Standard S. 195-219

„… . There is no persuasive explanation for this either. Both physical and non-physical harms can be caused …”

II. Arbitral Tribunals’ Interpretation of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard S. 105-163

doi.org/10.5771/9783748932796

Cornelius Adebahr - Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy

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Cornelius Adebahr

Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy

Series: DGAP-Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 2009

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Model of explanation S. 106-107

„… Representatives.3.3.1 Model of explanationSumming up the insights from the previous section, I arrive at the …”

Learning and change–alternative explanations S. 91-95

„… learning and change.3.1.2 Learning and change—alternative explanationsTwo broad research fields in …” „… organizations.I will therefore now examine alternative explanations put forward in political science and IR theory …” „… main IR strands that theorize policy change can provide an explanation for processes taking place …”

Implications for explanations of European foreign policy S. 218-227

„… psychology. 7.2.3 Implications for explanations of European foreign policyThis study has shown that …” „… , it needs to be factored in into theoretical explanations of the development of European foreign …”

Implications for International Relations theory S. 215-218

„… well as to the explanation of European foreign policy, is part of the following two subsections …” „… science” (Stern 1997, 69). After neorealism with its interest-based explanation had gained dominance in IR …” „… discussion of explanations from either the rationalist or constructivist field, this study lends support to …”

Introduction and Main Argument S. 13-20

„… . 3 The latter explanation (i. e. by internal developments) usually builds on the shift in British and …” „… inter-state bargaining (Moravcsik 1993) or Europeanization (Tonra 2001). With regard to the former explanation …” „… perspective; it ought not be treated as a mono-causal explanation but rather as a credible contributing factor …”

Summary and outlook S. 232-236

„… valuebased) explanationsEvents and critical junctures enable, but do not produce changeEUSRs have an …” „… for their evaluation and thus for the explanation of EU foreign policy development. On the …” „… organizational learning, if and when it occurs, needs to be factored into explanations of change, i. e. treated …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863.1.2 Learning and change—alternative explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913.1.3 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063.3.1 Model of explanation …” „… theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2157.2.3 Implications for explanations of European …”

Organizational Learning as a middle-range theory S. 212-215

„… limitations (no, it is not a sufficient explanation for change) of learning, it 2008 …” „… explanation of European foreign policy, is part of the following two subsections. 7.2.2 Implications for …” „… neorealism with its interest-based explanation had gained dominance in IR theory, ideas and identity were …”

A working definition of organizational learning S. 85-91

„… explanationsTwo broad research fields in political science/IR will be examined in this subsection: First, whether …” „… . Considering alternative explanations of foreign policy change and how learning is conceived in political …” „… decision-making did: “No explanation of individual learning, even by a senior leader in a hierarchical system …”

Methodology S. 113-115

„… method (2004). Several scholars have noted a relationship between the explanation of causal mechanisms …” „… explanation of the methodology concludes part I of this study. In chapter 1, I presented the EU Special …”

Variables and hypotheses S. 107-110

„… factor of organizational development alongside other, more mainstream explanations.For phase 1, I will …” „… of explanation are the EUSRs and their teams, that act as boundary spanners in this system.Given the …”

Operationalization S. 110-113

„… of explanation are the EUSRs and their teams, that act as boundary spanners in this system.Given the …” „… explanation of causal mechanisms and the method of process tracing (cf. Tansey 2007, 3). The latter is …”

Summary of instances of organizational learning (phase 1) S. 203-207

„… to the theoretical implications of my research for OL, International Relations, and explanations of …” „… 207Finally, and in addition to these explanations for the predominance of the internal dimension, one …”

Summary of the theoretical approach S. 115-116

„… such a high political level.3.4 Summary of the theoretical approachThis explanation of the methodology …”

Basis of operations of EUSRs S. 182-183

„… national capitals as well as that of the EU. An explanation by Aldo Ajello, made in a different context …”

Defining organizational learning and change S. 97-99

„… (independent, not just intervening) variable alongside other explanations of organizational development that …”

Summary of instances of organizational change (phase 2) S. 207-209

„… these explanations for the predominance of the internal dimension, one should bear in mind that the …”

The subject of learning S. 99-101

„… on the inner system of CFSP (level of analysis). The EUSRs and their teams (level of explanation …”

The processes of learning and change S. 104-106

„… under study, the EU Special Representatives.3.3.1 Model of explanationSumming up the insights from the …”

Standardization of general mandate provisions S. 131-133

„… explanation for creating an EUSR) just like, of course, the operational mandate itself (usually given in …”

EU political coordination S. 183-185

„… from the field into national capitals as well as that of the EU. An explanation by Aldo Ajello, made …”

Implications for the EU foreign service S. 230-232

„… OL theories provide a methodological framework for their evaluation and thus for the explanation of …”

Scope conditions, or: When and how learning and change occur S. 209-212

„… organizations) and limitations (no, it is not a sufficient explanation for change) of learning, it 2008 …”

The Great Lakes S. 21-26

„… commitment) or both” (Schmitter 1969, 162 [emphasis in original]). For a neofunctionalist explanation of …”

Secondary sources S. 251-267

„… Security Studies.Goertz, Gary and Jack S. Levy (2007) Causal explanation, necessary conditions, and case …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845217338

Gabriele Cornelli, Thomas M. Robinson, Francisco Bravo - Plato's Phaedo

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Gabriele Cornelli (ed.), Thomas M. Robinson (ed.), Francisco Bravo (ed.)

Plato's Phaedo

Series: International Plato Studies

Volume 38 2018

Results in this title

Thomas M. Tuozzo Sense Perception and Explanation in the Phaedo S. 310-316

„… 310 Thomas M. Tuozzo 310 Sense Perception and Explanation in the Phaedo Thomas M. Tuozzo …” „… any definite explanation of why they are so unhelpful. He gives us plenty of metaphors: they are …” „… senses is any role in the process of constructing theories of explanation. That is to say: the dialogue …”

Lloyd P. Gerson Socrates’ Autobiography: An Epitome of Platonism S. 323-327

„… construct. In this autobiography, Socrates rejects the explanations of the natural philosophers given for …” „… problematic scientific phenomena. Instead, he posits separate Forms as the source of true explanation. The …” „… as the matrix for scientific explanation. Thus, Anaxagoras is reported as explaining natural …”

Daniel W. Graham Plato’s Scientific Manifesto S. 262-267

„… explanations. Turning his attention to explanation in the scientific philosophy of the Presocratics, Socrates …” „… . They seek to explain phenomena by means that cannot provide the proper explanations. Plato’s attack is …” „… about physical explanations. (II) His aporia is replaced by hope as he hears Anaxagoras’ thesis that …”

Barbara M. Sattler Sufficient Reason in the Phaedo and its Presocratic antecedents S. 237-248

„… ) “To aition” and “hê aitia” can be translated as “cause” as well as “explanation” or “reason” or even …” „… explanations. Mackie, 1980, points out that what we understand as conditions and what as causes depends in …” „… between explanations, reasons, causes, and conditions. Sufficient Reason in the Phaedo and its …”

Taichi Miura Immortality and imperishability of the soul in the final argument of Plato’s Phaedo S. 193-198

„… disap- 194 Taichi Miura 194 pointment with the explanations of these causes proffered by natural …” „… this, Socrates does not admit a materialistic way of explanation even in a very simple case, for …” „… same.2 Socrates’ further explanation refers to the Form’s occupation: “[…] whatever the form of the …”

Donald Morrison Egoism and Benevolence in the Phaedo S. 150-153

„… scientific explanation. I will be asking what the passage has to say about the theory of rational action …” „… information about the sort of explanation he would expect from Nous: I never thought that Anaxagoras, who …” „… permits the most satisfying physical explanations. I now turn to the question, what does the altruism of …”

Roslyn Weiss Fear of Death in Plato’s Phaedo (and Apology) S. 231-236

„… explanation — beyond his personal frustration — for replacing a teleological cause with a purely formal one …” „… Socrates’ account than Anaxagoras’s discredited one? Socrates himself says (at 105c1) of his explanation …” „… ); it is an explanation he clings to “simply and artlessly” (hapl s and atechn s). Moreover, Socrates …”

Richard Patterson Malaria, Causality and Plato’s Explanatory Framework S. 294-298

„… explanation appeals to a different sort of aitia than that which Socrates invokes to explain the fact that he …” „… Implications for Explanation: Phaedo and Timaeus In sum, there is no case for saying that Socrates makes a …” „… scale, where physical factors (“earth, fire,” etc.) fail to give the true, teleological, explanation …”

Gerard Naddaf The “young” historical Socrates in Phaedo 96a-99d: a re-examination of the controversial “autobiography” S. 328-332

„… ). Socrates next mentions that he found just as confusing the different explanations about “what happens in …” „… , Socrates claims that what he heard at first seemed to be exactly the kind of explanation (aitia) he was …” „… in review provide materialist explanations for thinking and/or the soul, there are also implicit …”

Francisco J. Gonzalez Why the Minotaur is Misology S. 90-95

„… in explanation of why the imperative of bravely and passionately seeking to be healthy in relation …” „… not logoi, he proceeded to set into verse some fables of Aesop, with the explanation that he is no …”

Federico M. Petrucci There Should Be a Virtue for Everyone. Non-Philosophical Virtue in the Phaedo S. 164-170

„… any further explanation) is the non-philosophical virtue which we have been describing. It is …” „… explanation is that in the whole dialogue Plato is committed to empha …”

Richard D. Parry Illusions of Pleasure S. 159-163

„… a kind of sorcery (goêteia) (584a-b). So stated, the illusion is puzzling. There is no explanation …” „… mixture of pleasure and pain has a role to play in their explanation. To see this role, let us now focus …”

Bibliography S. 353-378

„… , p. 1-34. HANKINSON, R. J. (1998b). Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought. Oxford …” „… explanation in Plato’s Phaedo. OSAPh, 36, p. 147-177. SHARMA, R. (2015). Phaedo 100B3-9. Mnemosyne 68 (2015 …” „… Explanations in the Phaedo. Phronesis 21, p. 1-30. STRACHAN, J. C. G. (1970). Who did forbid suicide at Phaedo …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… ? ................................................................................ 304 Thomas M. Tuozzo Sense Perception and Explanation in the Phaedo ............. 310 6. Phaedo’s …”

Rafael Ferber Deuteros Plous, the immortality of the soul and the ontological argument for the existence of God S. 221-230

„… immediately with (a) the hypothetical method or (b) the theory of forms or (c) the explanation of things in …” „… must get hold of the inference to the Best Explanation concerning the destiny of our soul. Rowe …”

David Sedley The Phaedo’s final proof of immortality S. 210-220

„… formal causes with the informativeness of the riskier kind of explanation exemplified by naming a thing’s …” „… work any explanation of what, beyond this, the Form’s “perishing” could be. 214 David Sedley 214 …”

Giovanni Casertano Phaedo — dramatic structure and philosophical content S. 15-27

„… delays the explanation and prolongs the waiting — a skillful scenic effect. Misanthropy is actually …” „… about the hope of finding a satisfactory explanation to the question of causes in Anaxagoras’ books. He …”

Manfred Kraus Δοκεῖν, δόξα and εἰκός in the Phaedo S. 268-272

„… “fitting” account, the best explanation available to human intellect. Accordingly, not even nor …”

Olga Alieva How Plato Saved Pleasures for Philosophy S. 111-117

„… possible, would not be a sufficient condition for attaining wisdom. A possible explanation in terms of …”

Harold Tarrant Argument from Similarity or Socrates’ Inspired Vision Part I? S. 304-309

„… of tale likely to be told to young children as an explanation of a departure that would otherwise be …”

Satoshi Ogihara Immortality and eternity: Cebes’ remark at Phaedo 106d2-4 S. 199-204

„… crediting him with the Fredean resource (this is, the second stage of the explanation of the difficulty …”

Noburu Notomi The Soul and Forms in Plato’s Phaedo S. 288-293

„… a-b). Thus, the Affinity argument provides an ethical explanation of the “practice of death” as …”

Subject Index S. 402-407

„… 99, 116, 276 eudaimonia 57, 138, 150, 154, 334, 337 explanation 8, 23, 25, 40, 58, 63, 92, 93 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783896657466

Han de Vries, Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce - Comparing Medical Productivity between Germany and the US

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Han de Vries, Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce

Comparing Medical Productivity between Germany and the US

Series: Beiträge zum Gesundheitsmanagement

Volume 23 2008

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Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Other explanations of cost differences S. 90-91

„… guidelines.6.3 Other explanations of cost differencesWe previously argued that prices are the main drivers …” „… that two other categories of potential explanations – demographics and technology – do not appear to …” „… organizations. Still other explanations might include the for-profit character of the US system and the use of …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Explaining cost differences S. 89-90

„… possible explanation for the longer inpatient length-90of-stay for German CRC patients is that the initial …” „… adhere more strictly to treatment guidelines.6.3 Other explanations of cost differencesWe previously …” „… , our findings suggest that two other categories of potential explanations – demographics and technology …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Study limitations S. 92-94

„… separate explanation for cost differences and timetrends, and we can neither exclude nor confirm this …” „… strong upward trends over time in German procedure rates. Another possible explanation is that the …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Recommendations S. 96-98

„… health care costs, beyond 97price differentials. Such explanations might include characteristics of the …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Outcomes S. 91-92

„… complex and delivery of care involves a large number of organizations. Still other explanations might …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Cost Differences between the US and Germany S. 87-89

„… levels of productivity. A possible explanation for the longer inpatient length- …”

Dana P. Goldman, Geoffrey Joyce, Han de Vries Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-20

„… Germany 876.2 Explaining cost differences 896.3 Other explanations of cost differences 906.4 Outcomes …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845211794

Otto Argueta - Private Security in Guatemala: Pathway to Its Proliferation

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Otto Argueta

Private Security in Guatemala: Pathway to Its Proliferation

Series: Studien zu Lateinamerika

Volume 22 2013

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The Historical Explanation of JLSs S. 139-145

„… 139 Source: UNDP 2010b. To sum up, the chapter proves that common explanations …” „… important form of non-commercial private security. 5.5 The Historical Explanation of JLSs For some Central …”

A Functional Approach of Private Policing Historical Explanation S. 64-70

„… Historical Explanation From a historical institutionalism perspective it is important to differentiate two …” „… serves a function for an overall system (Mahoney 2000: 517). Functional explanations of self-reproduction …” „… introduction of a self-reinforcing sequence in the explanation of private policing is based on the idea that …”

Private Policing and Contextual Political Analysis S. 59-64

„… interaction between those aspects characterizes the causality contained in mechanism explanations. As was …” „… mentioned in the previous chapter, security studies focus on explanations of private security based on …” „… present manifestations of the phenomena. However, still pending are explanations of the political …”

Methodological Considerations S. 23-26

„… Methodological Considerations This study formulates a theory-grounded explanation of private security …” „… mechanisms and context in a historical perspective.4 This is based on the logic of historical explanations in …” „… development of hypothetic explanations of a particular outcome (George and Bennett 2005: 224) In order to …”

Conclusions S. 247-258

„… 247 9. Conclusions The central argument of this research suggests that the explanation for private …” „… development of the historical explanation of private security, this research examined the current situation of …” „… post-war situation of commercial and non-commercial private security leads into the historical explanation …”

The Legacies of Militarism: Private Security in Latin America S. 46-50

„… definition centred only in the commercial aspect of private security provides a partial explanation of the …” „… present high incidence of neighbourhood security organization and PSCs. Explanations of private security …” „… democratic institutions. However, there is a lack of explanations about the continuities and changes of these …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Analysis 59 3.3 A Functional Approach of Private Policing Historical Explanation 64 3.4 The …” „… and Community Policing 130 5.5 The Historical Explanation of JLSs 139 6. Public Security and The …”

Crime Rates and Community Policing S. 130-139

„… stronger explanation for the proliferation of such security organizations due to the low correspondence …” „… explanations based on the lacks of state capabilities and crime rates do not explain adequately the …” „… JLSs as the most important form of non-commercial private security. 5.5 The Historical Explanation of …”

Non-Commercial Private Security and Community Policing S. 39-46

„… does not provide an explanation as to why highly-organized communities with no presence of commercial …” „… partial explanation of the phenomenon. The other aspect to consider in the Latin American context are the …”

Initial Conditions and the Rupture of 1954 S. 146-154

„… policing in Guatemala. The argument follows the logic of an historical explanation in which a set of …” „… defined the trajectory of the state for 75 Annex 1 and 2 provide a graphical explanation of all …”

Organization of the Study S. 27-28

„… integral explanations based on the interaction between formal and informal, commercial and non-commercial …”

The Reproductive Cycle S. 121-130

„… absence of state security institutions. However it cannot provide a general explanation for the causes of …” „… mechanisms and self-defence policing is a stronger explanation for the proliferation of such security …”

Vigilante Policing S. 235-246

„… post-war (Mendoza and Torres-Rivas 2003; MINUGUA 2000a; Godoy 2006; Oettler 2004). The dominant explanation …” „… reproduces (López and Juárez 2009: 227). As was mentioned previously, there are general explanations about …”

The Data Sources S. 26-27

„… analyses the state of the art of private security studies and identifies the lack of integral explanations …”

Delimitation of the Study S. 18-19

„… explanation of the function of private security in the interplaying dynamics of state building processes and …”

Private Securit y in the Academic Debate S. 16-18

„… provide an analytical framework for the explanation of the function of private security in the …”

Conceptual Clarifications S. 19-21

„… explanations that integrates the two dynamics and its interactions. Based on the concept of private policing …”

The Study of Private Security in Guatemala S. 21-23

„… societies. 1.6 Methodological Considerations This study formulates a theory-grounded explanation of private …”

Private Security in Contextual and Historical Analysis S. 13-16

„… matter when attempting an explanation. For this reason, the isolation of variables related to crime and …”

Perspectives on Private Security Proliferation S. 32-35

„… security beyond its commercial dimension and the explanations that reduce its proliferation only to recent …”

The Non-Commercial Side of Private Security S. 105-108

„… , the chapter provides an historical explanation of JLSs through the analysis of political violence …”

Private Security and Security Sector Reform S. 35-39

„… security beyond its commercial dimension and the explanations that reduce its proliferation only to recent …”

The Political Context S. 202-208

„… identify different possible explanations for the democratization process. First, the end of the political …”

Marginalized Actors in the Security Sector Reform S. 216-222

„… explanations to the post-war strengthening of PACs, for example, that lack on effective polices to deal with …”

Private Security and Private Policing S. 51-59

„… citizenship and the official discourse match in an antiimmigrant explanation of crime. Other examples in …”

Civilian Power and Armed Forces in a Democratic Society S. 208-216

„… reinforced the continuity of private policing. However, there are other important explanations to the …”

Bibliography S. 259-294

„… Press. Mahoney, J. (2001b). Path-Dependent Explanations of Regime Change: Central America in Comparative …” „… . & Koivu, K. (2009). The Logic of Historical Explanation in the Social Sciences. Comparative Political …”

The State Roots of Private Security S. 171-190

„… institutions. The importance of the Special Surveillance Service as explanation of the proliferation of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845245133

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