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Nadia Ferrara

In Pursuit of Impact

2020

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Part I Toward Socially Responsible Policy Development S. 1-52

doi.org/10.5771/9781498549363

Karl-Heinz Nassmacher - The Funding of Party Competition

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Karl-Heinz Nassmacher

The Funding of Party Competition

2009

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Policy development (research and training) S. 84-86

„… environment. Such expenses may inseparably include spending on a third cost object, policy development, which …” „… is desirable but cannot be established independently.3. Policy development (research and …” „… current operations and media scrutiny. All of this adds up to the cost of policy development, an …”

Organisation maintenance S. 79-84

„… bureaucracy 163 with research on and development of policy.If a party leadership wants to re-position their …” „… inseparably include spending on a third cost object, policy development, which is desirable but cannot be …” „… established independently.3. Policy development (research and training)Among the services, which are provided …”

Earmarked funds S. 300-302

„… (Germany, 1959), support of the party press (Sweden, 1965) and provision for policy development (Britain …” „… pro vide part of the public funding for policy research and institutional development of partisan …” „… , India, New Zealand, Switzerland and the U.S.67Policy analysis in other ? elds of public policy …”

Different levels of the party organisation (headquarters, branches and chapters) S. 378-387

„… and technological developments. Especially the challenge of the media is seen as most important to …” „… of all parties. Major developments in organisational change seem to be similar. That is, there is a …” „… , albeit to different degrees. These hy potheses require analysing the development of party organisations …”

Parliamentary party groups (caucuses) S. 58-60

„… rarely bene? t from such spend ing on parliamentary routine, policy development and publicity. As a rule …” „… groups have always dominated the process of policy formation, the development of a “parliamentary party …” „… the research does not concern current issues of public policy, but rather the maintenance of party …”

Election campaigns (campaign spending) S. 73-79

„… data are available: campaign spending and organisation maintenance. In addition, policy development …” „… cost(s) of policy development (research and training) or intra-party competition can be expected to reach …” „… provide services for the party leadership. Among these are public opinion polls, research on policy issues …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… (campaign spending) 742. Organisation maintenance 793. Policy development (research and training) 84CHAPTER …” „… development 121a) Economic development 122b) Democratic tradition 1232. Size of the electorate (economies of …” „… competition (individual candidates, factions and primaries) 13811C) Consequences of public policy 1411 …”

National, regional and local tiers (levels of party organisation) S. 47-54

„… tions (possibly including policy development), types of cost will be caused by either cost ob ject and …” „… ) election campaigns, (2) organisation maintenance, (3) policy development (research and training).Readers …” „… abundant. Data for cost units regularly lacks information on policy development, recruitment and training.3 …”

Stages of political and economic development S. 121-124

„… also reemphasises the need to follow the development of political expenses over time. Can we discover a …” „… competitive politics or impacts of public policy cause the im pressive spread of spending levels, which was …” „… electorate, political routines or stage of development. Among these, political scientists identify the most …”

Bibliography S. 407-450

„… : Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002.Camby, Jean-Pierre (1995): Le ? nancement de la vie politique en …” „… Interpretation of the Development of National Politics. In: Thorburn, Hugh G. (ed.), 1996, pp. 128-145.413Carty …” „… ): Developments in Australian Election Finance. In: Alexander, Herbert E./ Shiratori, Rei (eds.), 1994a, pp. 29-40 …”

Index S. 451-467

„… development (research) 57-8, 73, 84-5policy, impacts on spending levels 141-9political action committees …” „… revenuepolitical research see party institutes, policy development, research (political)political spending see …” „… development/ growth, impact on political spending 114, 122-3, 183-90, 192economies of scale 123-7, 151-2 …”

Party spending S. 37-40

„… on the fairness of party competition, the development of party systems, and the structure of party …” „… competitive politics or various impacts of public policy cause the impressive spread of spending levels, which …” „… 1996 and Guthmann 2007, pp. 107-115.40decisions in the realm of public policy may contribute towards …”

Interaction of causal factors S. 149-154

„… variables, which can be run in a regression: Gross domestic product per capita in PPP-$, Human Development …” „… spending: per capita GDP in PPP-$, Human Development Index, experience with democracy (measured by years of …” „… independent variables: public subsidies in percent of total revenue and Human Development Index.151Excluded …”

Cartel parties S. 402-406

„… of party development. The question arises wheth-35 Janda 1980, p. 113. - Details computed from ICPSR …” „… “an early stage” of its development.41 Some scholars advocate an increase in the number of party types …” „… , which did accompany their development from mass suffrage to majority rule (Kirchheimer).47 Party …”

Access for new parties: Openness of the party system? S. 346-352

„… . (the recently created policy development fund), in Italy (during the 1980s) or in the Netherlands …” „… party type(s)In general, stability and change of party systems are caused by social developments and …” „… policy dispute with his old Likud par ty) and it was led to political victory (although a moderate one …”

Sources of revenue S. 40-43

„… practice to policy-makers? How signi? cant is public funding for parties and taxpayers?Although it may be …” „… 40decisions in the realm of public policy may contribute towards higher or lower levels of …” „… involved.Looking at the development of political expenses over time (i.e. the dynamic aspect of politi cal ? nance …”

State intervention in the economy S. 146-149

„… ]. This applies especially to policy-makers, who hand out government contracts or grants to special …” „… Management Development, Fraser Institute and Bertelsmann Foundation). The major difference between these …” „… include, among others, trade policy, monetary policy, foreign investment, property rights and black market …”

Catch-all parties S. 398-402

„… stepping stone for the understanding of party politics and party development.B) Consequences for the debate …” „… and mass parties.6 This typology was rooted in a century of political development. Both types of party …” „… of ideological baggage, a loose connection with the electorate, the mobilisation of voters on policy …”

Level of the taxpayers’ contribution S. 322-324

„… / Svasand/ Widfeldt 2000, p. 12.324the current policy development grants (introduced in 2002).170 The almost …” „… has facilitated the development of the major opposition parties (PAN, PRD) and contributed to the …”

Areas of interest: issues in political finance S. 19-26

„… granted by public policy are offered now and then. Party members sometimes buy membership cards to improve …” „… politics is washing cash into parties’, candidates’ or administrators’ coffers, most policy studies simply …” „… ? nance regime, are determined by policy decisions or non-decisions of politicians. Together with other …”

Demarcation of the subject of this study: party funding S. 34-37

„… frequent is the general impact of public policy. A well-designed programme implemented ef? ciently may work …” „… for policy develop ment. Thus scholars from the Netherlands (Koole), Austria (Sickinger) and Sweden …” „… parties. Third, im pacts of funding on the fairness of party competition, the development of party systems …”

Access to public funding S. 310-314

„… restrictive rule among parliamentary democracies.In Britain the policy development fund is distributed among …” „… different policy option de? nes the threshold by using seats and votes as an alterna tive or in combination …”

Offices (rent of premises etc.) S. 64-66

„… communication (including policy development), but is also caused by the public presentation of policies and …”

Communication S. 66-68

„… rallies is, in part, aim ed at intra-party communication (including policy development), but is also …”

Influence of party competition on funding rules S. 324-326

„… 324the current policy development grants (introduced in 2002).170 The almost constant level of …”

Summary of findings for party organisation S. 389-392

„… af? liated bodies. This development must be seen in connection with more professional approaches in …” „… event-culture. Co-ordination of such activities will become complex, including the policy as well as the poli …”

Distribution of subsidies S. 314-317

„… application of this option has been adopted for the very moderate policy development grants in Britain. Half …”

Revenue/ income S. 393-397

„… is mainly caused by the impacts of public policy and the absence thereof. A practice of corrupt …” „… individual candidates and extend to the development of party systems. If money is a means to success in …”

Membership dues S. 199-215

„… scholarly books only the development of membership numbers, more sophisticated as a percentage of the …” „… million members between 1950 and 1970. Two steep increases (during a heated debate over foreign policy in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845216515

Hermann Hill - Modernizing Government in Europe

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Hermann Hill (ed.)

Modernizing Government in Europe

Series: Verwaltungsressourcen und Verwaltungsstrukturen

Volume 7 2007

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Inga Bite Perceva Development of Policy Planning System in Latvia S. 97-107

„… 97 Inga Bite Perceva Development of Policy Planning System in Latvia The origins of policy …” „… . Guidelines are policy planning documents, which include basic principles of Government’s policy, development …” „… . Guidelines include also direc- Development of Policy Planning System in Latvia 99 tions of work for …”

Tamás M. Horváth Problems of Sustainability in Public Sector Modernisation. The Case of the Institutions of Regional Development in Hungary S. 51-59

„… adjusting to the structural development of the EU. Implementation of regional policy was questioned …” „… Institutions of Regional Development in Hungary Following ideas of the new public management, governments …” „… directions of development were appropriate for CEE countries emerges from decades of authoritarian …”

Denita Cepiku, Marco Meneguzzo Public Administration and Management Reform in Italy: Domestic Patterns and Influences from Abroad S. 59-97

„… policy in Italy has not kept the pace with the development and burgeoning of experiences. The recently …” „… Development of Policy Planning System in Latvia The origins of policy planning system In year 1991 when …” „… Socio-economic forces reduce resources while increasing demands o Needs to coordinate policy-making among …”

Jacek Czaputowicz Public Governance in the Age of Globalization S. 173-191

„… for non-governmental organizations. The cause-effect relationships between technological development …” „… development of telecommunications revealed the inefficiency of financial market regulations, while …” „… the development of information systems (which allow mobility in time and space), and of a shift …”

Tom Christensen, Per Lægreid The Whole-of-Government Approach to Modernisation S. 237-255

„… issues. Approaches can be formal or informal. They can focus on policy development, program management …” „… . Structural measures have been introduced to reassert the center and bring policy development and service …” „… Management and Policy Studies (2000). “Joined-Up Solutions to Policy development …”

Walter Kickert Distinctive Characteristics of State and Administrative Reform in Southern Europe S. 191-213

„… policy-making. A complex apparatus of public bodies, agencies, para-statal entities, public enterprises and the …” „… to become legislation, the legalistic monopoly remained unbroken. Government policy-making always …” „… . Policy-making is not carried out by officials. Preparation of legislation is done in the ministerial cabinets …”

Seppo Tiihonen Political Leadership in the Finnish Government S. 25-39

„… 1970's for example: Arter, David: Politics and Policy-making in Finland. Wheatsheaf books, Sussex …” „… Constitutional Developments in Finland. In: Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol. 24, June 2001, Iss, 2, 95 – 109 …” „… , Frankfurt am Main, 1997. Seppo Tiihonen 28 3. Development of different methods for Parliament to be …”

Claude Rochet Using Information Systems as a Legitimate Subversive Agent: The Case of the Monitoring of French Scientific Research S. 39-51

„… relationships between central administration and autonomous agencies in charge of implementing the policy. We …” „… study the case of the French research policy which is carried out through a network of 160 universities …” „… policy. A new design is needed requiring an approach we call “urbanization”, that is thinking the global …”

Adrian Ritz Performance Management and Output-Based Budgeting in Switzerland. Output and Outcome Data – An End in Itself or Relevant for Steering? S. 149-172

„… clear from the policy evaluation (see, for example, Rossi et al. 1999 and Patton 1997). The developments …” „… . Windhoff-Héritier, Adrienne. 1987. Policy-Analyse: Eine Einführung. Frankfurt a. M. Zürcher, Markus. 1992. Wider …” „… ). Furthermore, the steering problem in and among institutions always contains key questions about development …”

Hermann Hill Current Trends in Modernizing Government S. 11-20

„… Héritier, Adrienne (2002): New Modes of Governance in Europe: Policy-Making without Legislating?. In …” „… will give a brief outline of current challenges and developments in the public sector in Europe (for …” „… , beginning with task assessment, policy termination, privatization, outsourcing, public private partnerships …”

Paula Tiihonen The Role of the Parliament in the Modernisation Process S. 219-227

„… means of futures research, of essential features and alternatives in future development as well as …” „… Government to provide it with a report concerning national long-term development trends and related options …” „… development factors and development models, IV) to undertake analyses pertaining to future-related research …”

Gerhard Hammerschmid Decentralisation and Accountability as Focus of Public Administration Modernisation: A Comparative European Perspective S. 255-271

„… related to different national traditions and development paths (eg. Common 1998; Pollitt 2001 …” „… partnerships • policy coherence Anglo-Saxon Countries • e-government • political decentralisation …” „… • accountability • budgetary decentralisation • market-type reforms • political decentralisation • policy …”

Antonios Makrydemetres Convergence on Reform: Administrative Practices and Prospects in Europe S. 213-219

„… concepts, attitudes and practices among state departments and policy sectors even within a single country …” „… modernization in politics and public administration did follow separate ways and trajectories of development in …” „… progress and development they will fail to meet the challenges and requirements of modernity, and they will …”

Emanuel Camilleri Implementing Accrual Accounts in Government. The Case of the Malta Government S. 113-121

„… I. Introduction The Government is committed to a policy of instituting modern financial methods in …” „… transfer policy regarding costing, charging and recovery of expenses incurred in relation to the transfer …” „… ) Development of computer based training courses (CBT) in general accrual accounting, asset management …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Influences from Abroad Denita Cepiku, Marco Meneguzzo 59 Development of Policy Planning System in Latvia …” „… divided into two categories: one part deals with national developments, the other addresses …” „… cross-national topics. At the beginning of the book a brief overview about current development on modernizing …”

Angel Iglesias Alonso, Manuel Villoria Mendieta Modernizing Public Administration in Spain: the New Government’s Agenda S. 121-139

„… ” senior policy-making burocrats. 5. There is a strong role for partisan politics in the design of …” „… that was more ideological than economic. Although the main arguments behind the privatization policy …” „… Communities" to the challenges of society in the XXI century and its requirements for development, by …”

Veith Mehde Regulation - Does Culture Matter? S. 227-237

„… “regulating”. In fact, this phenomenon can be linked to two aspects of the development of the modern state …” „… one of the main characteristics of the development of administrations (see Aman, 1997: 90). Agencies …” „… . This development, therefore, has to be distinguished from the broader phenomenon of privatisation …”

Helmut Klages Civil Society in a Future Concept of Governance S. 271-277

„… should not be given up in the future development of governance. I think, however, that more realism with …” „… development from governance toward public leadership. In my opinion there is no sharp dividing line between …” „… towards the development of an association of governmental and non-govermental organizations, which …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203430

Bernard M. Hoekman, Ernesto Zedillo - Trade in the 21st Century

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Bernard M. Hoekman (ed.), Ernesto Zedillo (ed.)

Trade in the 21st Century

2021

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Part I: Trade Policy Trends and Developments S. 35-272

„… PART ITRADEPOLICYTRENDS ANDDEVELOPMENTS556-86611_ch01_6P.indd 35 11/10/20 8:31 AM556-86611 …” „… , AND EFFECTSSIMON EVENETTThe implementation of President Donald Trump’s Amer i ca First trade policy …” „… uni-lateralism with policy choices in the years before, often crediting world trade rules with reining in …”

Contributors S. 523-530

„… growth and development; and trade and investment policy under im-perfect competition, among others. He …” „… IMF’s Policy Development and Review department under the Trade Policy division. He has spent most of …” „… development. His areas of exper-tise include trade policy, global value chains, trade facilitation and …”

Part III: Economic Development and the Trading System S. 409-516

„… development policy.This history of the Aid for Trade Initiative discusses how coherence has been understood …” „… flows.TABLE 13-1. A Stylized History of Postwar Thinking on Trade Policy as Development Policy, 1950s–1990sDe …” „… new trade and development policy paradigm has become more obvious since the economic crisis of …”

Index S. 531-0

„… countriesDevelopment. See Research and development; Trade and develop-ment policyDigital economy, 336, 336t; economic …” „… for Trade (AFT) Initiative, 453–70; delivery mechanism, 461–63; and development policy, 418–19, 427 …” „… , 417, 458, 481; subsidy implementation in, 302; trade and development policy in, 464, 469; trade …”

Part II: Challenges for Multilateral Cooperation S. 273-408

„… unilateralist trade policy—is the decline in the relative weight of traditional border protectionism in the …” „… should go beyond trade ministries and those charged with implementing trade policy.In contrast to other …” „… Common Agri-cultural Policy (CAP) protected Eu ro pean farm prices and, for an extended period, resulted …”

Appendix S. 517-522

„… organisation mondiale du commerce. Collection IFRI- Repères. Paris: Dunod.1996 Antidumping Industrial Policy …” „… Institute for International Economics.2002 Harnessing Trade for Development and Growth in the Middle East …” „… Emmanuel Cocq).2005 Trade for Development, Report to the U.N. Secretary General Mr. Kofi Annan, Task Force …”

Introduction: The International Trading System in Prostration, Courtsey of the United States S. 1-34

„… Center for the Study of Globalization convened a group of dis-tinguished trade policy experts with a …” „… included as chapter 16 of this volume). Inspired by his study of the evolution of trade policy in Latin …” „… since early 2017. But as noted by Simon Evenett in chapter 6 of this volume, the trade pol-icy trends …”

Preface

„… ZEDILLOPART ITRADEPOLICYTRENDSANDDEVELOPMENTS1 | The Pre- Trump Buildup of Trade Discrimination: Scale, Drivers, and Effects 37SIMON EVENETT2 …” „… want to understand what has transpired in U.S. trade policy—rational and irra-tional—read this book …” „… lost era of free trade. But trade policy experts writing in this volume not only diagnose what went …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815729051

European Horizons - Cornerstones for an Evolving Europe

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European Horizons (ed.)

Cornerstones for an Evolving Europe

Series: Denkart Europa | Mindset Europe

Volume 34 2022

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Samuel Blair Open Societies and Energy Anxiety: Achieving security through diversity S. 49-56

„… with the initial goals of Cohesion Policy.The Partnership Agreement reached on April 19, 2022, between …” „… its capacity to protect its core values such as human rights and rule of law. A foreign policy crisis …” „… sustainable development. In the 2014–2020 and 2021–2027 programming periods it provides support to: Investment …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Policy Approaches to Economic Development, Environmental Policy, and Human RightsDenkart Europa …” „… Otzenhausen.New Policy Approaches to Economic Development, Environmental Policy, and Human RightsCornerstones for …” „… Evolving EuropeNew Policy Approaches to Economic Development, Environmental Policy, and Human …”

Bryan Bayne The EU’s New Forest Strategy: Taking advantage of this watershed moment S. 35-48

„… to coordinate different policy areas and dealt mostly with rural development.6 The second Strategy …” „… incentive to devise coordinated EU-wide approaches to forest policy.Before the EU Commission published its …” „… collected and reported according to “priority EU policy-relevant topics” such as climate change …”

Lilybell Evergreen The Case for Values-Driven Multilateralism Among Democracies: The implications of EU and US relations with China S. 71-86

„… Union’s foreign policy and international development strategy, specifically analysing EU-US-China …” „… Kim, “U.S. Perceptions of China in the Pandemic Era and Implications for U.S. Policy.”Lilybell …” „… EU, and Australia’s poor record on climate policy.Changing and unstable alliances due to domestic …”

Gabrielle Bernoville A New Bauhaus for the Green Deal: A cultural approach to Europe’s recovery S. 23-34

„… independent JRC, attests to the EU's desire to avoid bureaucratic policy-making. Unlocking this holistic …” „… existing programs should enable people to actively take action and share the ownership of this policy.The …” „… policymaking.Through the 2019 Green Deal, the European Union unveiled its vision for becoming the first climate-neutral …”

Alexios Simintzis Externalizing the European Union’s Climate Policies: Ensuring the Brussels Effect has an impact S. 57-70

„… the bloc’s recovery package and new policy initiatives. The adoption of the European Climate Law in …” „… trading scene.5 As the results of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) make clear, many countries wish …” „… Policy Strategy, the EU “has an interest in shaping global economic and environmental rules”.6 While …”

Bilal Asghar Towards a New Approach to European Crisis and Disaster Management S. 105-120

„… concrete policy proposals and recommendations, before examining potential drawbacks and objections and …” „… prevention plans, but prevention policy is organized following a sectoral approach.’9 In short, different …” „… EngineeringLogisticsEcologicalConcrete policy proposals and recommendationsAs discussed, effectively responding to most potential threats …”

Darren Wong Making Europe’s Smart Cities Participatory: Designing for meaningful citizen engagement S. 121-129

„… meaningfully and deliberatively.Policy Approach 3: Bridging the gap between citizens and policymakersLastly …” „… technology, policy-writers in civic hackathons, and even coders creating bottom-up solutions to urban …” „… participation. The essay explores the role of citizens in smart cities and outlines policy pathways that anchor …”

Rasmika Ghosh Violating the non-refoulement principle: Covid-19 and the erosion of refugee rights S. 87-96

„… ” to public policy, affecting the fundamental interests of the host state, in order to consider a …” „… integration.18The EU should commit to utilising the funds available, namely the European Regional Development …” „… European legal instruments and refugee policy. Consequently, the EU should modify existing structures in …”

José María Arroyo Nieto Conference on the Past of Europe: The EU’s foundational myth and where it leaves us today S. 11-22

„… Arroyo NietoIntroductionIn his famous book about the development of nationalism, Imagined Communities …” „… Future of Europe: What Worked, What Now, What next?,” Welcome to EPC – European Policy Centre, accessed …” „… . https://futureu.europa.eu/?locale=en“Conference on the Future of Europe: What Worked, What Now, What next?” Welcome to EPC – European Policy …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929130

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