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Thomas Fischer - Neutral Power in the CSCE

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Thomas Fischer

Neutral Power in the CSCE

Series: Wiener Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 12 2009

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A Swedish Proposal to Break the Negotiation Impasse S. 273-278

„… 273 A Swedish Proposal to Break the Negotiation Impasse The increasing interest and activity of the …” „… ) showing signs of weakening. My Swedish colleague has told me that Mr. Palme is worried about the internal …” „… , towards the end of the month the Swedish government solicited the support of the neutrals for a new …”

Sweden S. 40-45

„… neutral should there be a war in its immediate neighbourhood.52 While Swedish neutrality differs from …” „… peace. The origins of Swedish neutrality can be traced as far back as the 17th century.53Mid-17th …” „… Swedish sphere of influence extended into the Baltic area as well as Poland. Sweden’s dominant position …”

Neutral and Non-Aligned Reactions to the Finnish CSCE Memorandum S. 100-111

„… separate talks with his Finnish, Swedish, and Soviet colleagues, (Ahti Karjalainen, Torsten Nilsson, and …” „… , Austrian and Swedish colleagues in spring 1969: BAR, E 2001 (E) 1980/83, 594: Offizieller Besuch des …” „… to discuss border questions such as the Oder-Neisse line or German reunification. The Swedish Foreign …”

Sweden S. 135-138

„… of May 1969, no specific ideas were launched during the following two years.426 As the Swedish …” „… security conference.427 A Swedish diplomat explains that it was not the European situation that worried …” „… regional questions reflected the contemporary definition of Swedish neutrality influenced by the theory of …”

Sweden S. 69-71

„… two Swedish governments, played a fundamental role in this policy change. Until the beginnings of …” „… the superpowers was seen as damaging the credibility of Swedish neutrality.148 Yet towards the late …” „… superpowers was soon incorporated by all major parties as a legitimate instrument in Swedish foreign policy …”

Rules of Procedure S. 155-162

„… of the Swedish representation for a final exchange of information on their policies for the MPT.512 …” „… reason Tötterman was prevented from fulfilling his function. A few minutes later, Swedish ambassador …” „… , as proposed by his Swedish colleague Ryding. The election of Tötterman now found explicit support …”

Neutral and Non-Aligned Agenda Proposals S. 177-181

„… Swedish colleague 589 ÖStA/AdR, BMfaA, II-Pol/International 12, [non-registered box 9, 1973 …” „… Middle East.593 Kirchschläger solicited Swedish support for the idea by adding the prospect of providing …” „… underdeveloped regions was a priority in the Swedish détente policy. Wickman said that so far his government had …”

Finland S. 71-73

„… universal outlook on détente in Swedish foreign policy, within a European context, Palme did not exclude the …” „… Active neutrality according to the Swedish concept, however, did not mean assuming the role of …” „… policy during détente stands in rather sharp contrast to the Swedish notion of active neutrality. As the …”

Austria S. 36-40

„… : Austria. Stockholm: The Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 1987. 5-26; Gerald Stourzh. “The …” „… neutral should there be a war in its immediate neighbourhood.52 While Swedish neutrality differs from …” „… peace. The origins of Swedish neutrality can be traced as far back as the 17th century.53Mid-17th …”

The Swiss-Austrian Quarrel over Neutrality S. 254-263

„… in Bindschedler’s idea, namely the third and fourth variants, whereas the Swedish Foreign Ministry …” „… ”. However, if the Swiss presented it as an official proposal in the sub-committee, the Swedish delegation …” „… February Bindschedler urged the Austrians to accept his initiative, arguing that by now the Swedish …”

Making Their Own Instructions S. 340-343

„… Geneva, while their Swedish colleagues, Göran Berg and Kerstin Asp-Johnsson, both stated that the Swedish …” „… with the ministry departments.”1327 The only two areas in which instructions for the Swedish delegation …” „… Swedish delegation also consulted and received instructions from other ministries concerned.1328While the …”

Drafting a First Common Proposal in the Military Sub-Committee S. 246-250

„… European neutrals, as well as non-aligned Yugoslavia, Malta, and Cyprus, met on the premises of the Swedish …” „… .879 Swedish and Yugoslav proposals that had already been presented were made the basis of discussion …” „… . Switzerland declared in principle to be ready to co-sponsor a common proposal on the basis of a Swedish first …”

N+N Discussions on a Yugoslav Follow-Up Proposal S. 267-273

„… Austrian and Swedish delegates remained sceptical about the timing of such an initiative from the neutral …” „… .982 The Swiss, Swedish, and Austrian delegations agreed to appeal to the Yugoslavs to withhold their …” „… , not just the venue, of the continuing committee. The Austrian and Swedish delegations had been …”

Continued High-Level Contacts among the Neutrals S. 293-297

„… the conference was in sight).1100 Two weeks later, on a bilateral visit of the Swedish foreign …” „… in November by the Swedish and Finnish foreign ministers during a visit to Helsinki of the Swedish …” „… King. Referring to their original initiative from that spring, the Swedish side by the Delegation of …”

Switzerland S. 128-135

„… in talks with the Swedish Foreign Ministry, source: TNA, FCO 41/1072: G. Millard (Stockholm) to C.C.C …” „… years.426 As the Swedish Foreign Ministry explained in bilateral talks with then Austrian foreign …” „… the preparation of the security conference.427 A Swedish diplomat explains that it was not the …”

Performance of the Neutral and Non-Aligned States S. 169-173

„… short notice if needed. The close Swedish-Swiss collaboration that had occurred during the first weeks …” „… back up the Swedish-Swiss proposal concerning the adjournment on 15 December for a Christmas break, and …” „… the Swedish-Swiss collaboration in the first session of the Dipoli talks, see Renk, Der Weg der …”

Dispute on the Christmas Break S. 164-165

„… Western delegations spoke in favour of the Swedish-Swiss proposal. As no consensus could be reached that …” „… Swedish-Swiss proposal would correspond to this arrangement. The interruptions were crucial particularly for …” „… December the Swedish delegation suggested interrupting the session on 15 December, and Swiss ambassador …”

The Mandate on Military Aspects of Security – Disarmament and CBM S. 200-201

„… under Swedish chairmanship on the introductory language for this part of the terms of reference in …” „… : The Swedish Case for Disarmament, Letter C.C.C. Tickell to T.A.K. Elliott, London, 4 June 1973 …” „… (Swedish paper of 18 April 1973 attached). 679 TNA, FCO 41/1291: CSCE/MPT: Mini Group Activity, Military …”

Austria S. 65-69

„… each other in Swedish exile during World War II. Kreisky had been exiled by the Nazis, because of his …” „… 1970s. From 1969 until his assassination in 1986, Olof Palme, prime minister during two Swedish …” „… superpowers was seen as damaging the credibility of Swedish neutrality.148 Yet towards the late 1960s, when …”

The Bucharest Appeal of 1966 on the Neutral States S. 84-86

„… Austrian ambassador to Moscow Walter Wodak agreed with his Swedish and Swiss colleagues, it was nothing …” „… case. When discussing the issue with his Swedish and Austrian colleagues in Moscow, however, the Swiss …” „… , it was the practice of Swiss policy to offer good offices only when asked for directly. The Swedish …”

A Special Body for the Swiss Proposal on a System for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes S. 198-200

„… with a non-conclusive discussion under Swedish chairmanship on the introductory language for this …” „… should be kept open. TNA, FCO 41/1343: CSCE: The Swedish Case for Disarmament, Letter C.C.C. Tickell to …” „… T.A.K. Elliott, London, 4 June 1973 (Swedish paper of 18 April 1973 attached). 679 TNA, FCO 41/1291 …”

Opening Statements S. 162-164

„… New Year’s Day, but various Western delegations spoke in favour of the Swedish-Swiss proposal. As no …” „… participation in a sovereign and individual right. While the Swedish and Yugoslav delegates, who spoke on 30 …” „… Western states. On 7 December the Swedish delegation suggested interrupting the session on 15 December …”

Presentation of Neutral and Non-Aligned Proposals in Basket I S. 228-238

„… proposal resulted from a number of Swedish ideas expressed by Ambassador Lennart Eckerberg in a speech to …” „… . Walden (EESD), FCO, 3 October 1973. 829 TNA, FCO 41/1332: CSCE: Sub-Committee II: Swedish Proposal for …” „… 28, 1973. The Swedish idea behind this last point was to give new impetus to the stagnant …”

Bibliography S. 379-392

„… Affairs (ed.). Documents on Swedish Foreign Policy 1969. Stockholm: Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs …” „… , 2001. Andrén, Nils. Power-Balance and Non-Alignment: A Perspective on Swedish Foreign Policy.Stockholm …” „… , 2009. Molin, Karl. “Central Issues of Swedish Neutrality Policy.” In Michael Gehler and Rolf Steininger …”

Five Times Neutral and Non-Aligned S. 54-55

„… within a sub-regional Nordic context. Given Stockholm’s active engagement in the UN, Swedish neutrality …” „… non-member of the UN, could not attribute to their own neutrality. Yet Swedish and Swiss neutrality was …”

Moving from Helsinki to Geneva S. 219-226

„… settlement of international disputes was also to be found in the statements of the Finnish and Swedish …” „… for the conference and the establishment of other organs. The Swedish view clearly overlapped with …” „… .; Leatherman also notes that, according to a Swedish official, the individual character of the N+N states …”

Neutral Coordinators for the Informal Minigroups S. 185-187

„… entrusted to a Swedish coordinator, and Helmut Liedermann then performed similar functions in the 622 …” „… . 625 The mini-group on military aspects focussed almost entirely on CBMs, as the Swedish delegation …”

Other Military Aspects of Security S. 191-193

„… slightly better for the Austrian, Swedish, and Yugoslav proposals concerning the military aspects of …” „… replaced explicit references to MBFR and force levels in the original Swedish draft with vague phrases on …”

Finland Joins in the Neutral Consultations S. 226-228

„… of whom assumed the responsibility while, as a Swedish official recalls, ‘insisting all along that we …” „… 788 Leatherman, Engaging East and West, 449. 789 Ibid., 449f. 790 Fears of fading Swedish support …”

Basic Terms S. 29-32

„… upholding a policy of neutrality. The Swedish and Finnish status was therefore coined a de facto permanent …” „… Lejins (eds.). Neutrals in Europe: Switzerland. Stockholm: The Swedish Institute of International Affairs …”

Austria under Soviet Pressure S. 86-89

„… , this was no longer the case. When discussing the issue with his Swedish and Austrian colleagues in …” „… directly. The Swedish representative stated that his government usually would not share the Swiss scruples …”

The Role of a Neutral/Non-Aligned State and Possible Forms of Cooperation S. 141-150

„… statements on the CSCE.459 However, in talks with the Swedish Foreign Ministry, the Austrians assured …” „… , Swedish foreign minister Wickman expressed reservation towards a closer neutral coordination beyond the …” „… secretary general of the Swiss Foreign Ministry Ernesto Thalmann met Swedish officials in Stockholm, he …”

Final Deals on Basket III and the Follow-Up S. 307-316

„… coordination of Swedish delegate Axel Edelstam in order to bridge the gap between opposing points of view. The …” „… general support for the Swedish text,1180 and all delegations now appeared willing to agree to a Swiss …” „… Swedish composite text dated 28 June 1975 is contained in Renk Papers: File G2 “KSZE Genf 1973-1975 …”

Helsinki-Geneva-Helsinki: Deciding on the Venue of the Conference S. 201-216

„… irritated in March 1973 when Swedish ambassador Ryding spoke out in favour of limiting the task of the …” „… for Helsinki’s candidacy for all three stages of the CSCE. As the secretary general of the Swedish …” „… However, at a luncheon given for his Swedish, Swiss, and Austrian colleagues a few days later, the French …”

The N+N Package Deal S. 278-293

„… .1041 The Swedish delegation immediately received orders not to support the two-part proposal, and the …” „… Minister Sorsa complaining to his Swedish counterpart Palme that the Swedes were adopting an uncooperative …” „… initial Western European objections to the Finnish proposal, and on Swedish and Austrian insistence, the …”

Switzerland S. 32-36

„… . Stockholm: The Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 1988. 3-15; Claudio Caratsch. “The Permanent …” „… : Austria. Stockholm: The Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 1987. 5-26; Gerald Stourzh. “The …”

Reactions to the Neutral and Non-Aligned Proposals on Security Matters S. 181-185

„… deal with the principles of relations between states based on the UN Charter (similar to the Swedish …” „… , saying that the Swedish suggestion on arms control was unacceptable to the Soviet Union, and that the …”

Finland S. 45-50

„… 45What remained a specifically Swedish feature of neutrality throughout the Cold War was the notion …” „… . Having been an integral part of the Swedish empire until the 19th century, Finland was conquered by …”

Bilateral Superpower Détente S. 55-60

„… Nordic context. Given Stockholm’s active engagement in the UN, Swedish neutrality also offered an …” „… not attribute to their own neutrality. Yet Swedish and Swiss neutrality was notably less exposed to …”

Summary and Conclusions S. 357-376

„… . Active neutrality according to the Swedish concept, however, did not entail assuming a role of …” „… the Swedish and Austrian delegates, the Swiss were able to foster a first compromise in the opening …” „… aspects of security. Based initially on Yugoslav and Swedish proposals on confidence-building measures …”

A Breakthrough on CBM Parameters S. 297-307

„… kilometres were absolutely inadequate. For Swedish, Swiss, and Austrian statements, see TNA, FCO 41/1757 …” „… deal much below their initial ambitions. For example, the Swedish proposal on greater openness on …”

Organization of the Work S. 165-167

„… by breaks of a similar length. The Swedish-Swiss proposal would correspond to this arrangement. The …”

The Austrian Middle East Proposal – First to Fail S. 189-191

„… détente in the Middle East”, things looked slightly better for the Austrian, Swedish, and Yugoslav …”

Introduction S. 17-28

„… , but also cover extensive ground on the Swedish and Yugoslav side. However, judging from the few papers …” „… their delegation members during the negotiations. Other ties existed, such as between the Swedish and …”

The Role of Personalities S. 330-340

„… prominent figure in the Swedish delegation to Geneva was Axel Edelstam, who had been brought into the …” „… Swedish diplomat who would have come to play a key role in the negotiations, nor do other oral history …”

Neutral Caucus with a View to the Continuation of Stage II and the Follow-Up S. 243-245

„… of the Finnish and Swedish representatives, who did not think that the time had come for a neutral …”

Yugoslavia S. 73-76

„… Yugoslav perception of détente resembled the (negative) Swedish view of the superpower interest in an …”

Assuming Responsibility as Coordinators of Basket III S. 240-243

„… of the Finnish and Swedish representatives, who did not think that the time had come for a neutral …”

The Principle of Equal Participation and the Rule of Consensus S. 324-327

„… weapons-free zone proposal, Austria’s Middle East proposition, or Swedish and Yugoslavian claims for inclusion …”

East-West Polarization and the N+N Dual Role Strategy S. 327-330

„… East and West, 598, 624. 1259 Ibid., 600. 1260 A Swedish CSCE official quoted in Ibid.; A similar …”

The Inclusion of the Mediterranean Small States and European Microstates in the N+N Group S. 351-354

„… Liechtenstein and San Marino, participation in the CSCE, as a Swedish diplomat once expressed, “meant a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Negotiation Deadlock in Basket III 263N+N Discussions on a Yugoslav Follow-Up Proposal 267A Swedish Proposal …”

Operation Baskets S. 173-177

„… , this [procedure] stipulating a vast exchange of ideas”.574 The Swedish and Austrian delegations …”

Negotiation Deadlock in Basket III S. 263-267

„… Swedish premises, the British delegation finally agreed to a “gentleman’s agreement” that paved the way …”

Growing Mutual Respect and Understanding S. 343-347

„… Hans-Jörg Renk, Basel, 10 April 2006. 1334 A Swedish CSCE diplomat once called the Swiss participation “an …”

Prelude to the N+N: The “Group of Nine” S. 76-82

„… previous Finnish and Swedish calls for a regional nuclear weapons-free zone in Scandinavia. Given its …”

The N+N at the Helsinki Summit (30 July – 1 August 1975) S. 317-324

„… “bastion of peace”.1221The assessment of the Helsinki Final Act by Swedish prime inister Olof Palme …”

Austria S. 120-128

„… colleagues (and Finland’s loyal Swedish neighbours) that they had only offered Vienna as an alternative for …”

The Finnish CSCE Initiative of 5 May 1969 S. 89-100

„… written before his upcoming meeting with the Swedish prime minister, Tage Erlander, on 2 May.255 Much to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845217703

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Anna Hersey

Scandinavian Song

2016

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Part I: Diction of the Scandinavian Languages S. 8-82

„… Swedish Diction 17 to the difference between a and an in English). In a Swedish-English dictionary entry …” „… transcribed. Most Swedish words are stressed on the first syllable. Most reliable Swedish-English dictionaries …” „… ) on the tab marked “Engelska Gratis” (free Swedish-English and English-Swedish translations).21 The …”

Preface

„… , Swedish--Bibliography. | Songs, Norwegian--Bibliography. | Songs, Danish--Bibliography. Classification: LCC MT883 .H …” „… Scandinavian Song Scandinavian Song A Guide to Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish Repertoire …” „… . Title: Scandinavian song : a guide to Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish repertoire and diction / Anna …”

References S. 361-376

„… February 25, 2011). Norstedts Stora Svensk-Engelska Ordbok [Norstedt’s comprehensive Swedish-English …” „… [Swedish biographical encyclopedia]. http://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/artikel/12695 (accessed June 27, 2015 …” „… , Ingvar. “Erik XIV.” In Svensk Biografiskt Lexikon [Swedish biographical encyclopedia …”

1 Introduction S. 1-7

„… ) in Swedish and Norwegian and romancer (singular romance) in Danish, therefore cover a wide spectrum …” „… language used (Swedish, Finnish, or German) and compositional technique.2 Konttinen’s work builds on Leigh …” „… , songs in Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish are often published and performed in either German or English …”

Part II: Art Song Repertoire of Scandinavia S. 83-133

„… Sibelius, the singular musical figure of Finland, was raised in a Swedish-speaking family. Sibelius grew up …” „… three chapters are organized by language of the song texts. Following a brief overview of Swedish …” „… Norwegian composers (in the case of Bergsøe set by Backer-Grøndahl), Norwegian texts set by Swedish …”

Part III: Translations and Transcriptions S. 134-360

„… text. These discrepancies reflect the dynamic, fluid standards and various reforms of the Swedish …” „… of “Grøndahl,” as it appears on the edition’s title page. 137 Chapter 11 Swedish Translations and …” „… the Swedish postal service. He published his first poetry anthology in 1903, and from 1905 contributed …”

Index S. 377-382

„… ,” 108, 228 pronouns: Swedish, 17–18; Norwegian, 43–46; Danish, 69–70 Rangström, 88, 93–95, 128–129, 137 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780810884540

Hermann Hill - Modernizing Government in Europe

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Hermann Hill (ed.)

Modernizing Government in Europe

Series: Verwaltungsressourcen und Verwaltungsstrukturen

Volume 7 2007

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Richard Murray The Welfare State – the Swedish Model in Crisis S. 139-149

„… 139 Richard Murray The Welfare State – the Swedish Model in Crisis Sweden is renowned for the …” „… deficits it may seem strange to speak of a crises of the Swedish model. However, behind the rosy figures …” „… Swedish welfare state, in several countries per capita use of certain services (such as health care) is …”

About the Authors S. 287-288

„… “Tor Vergata“, Italy. Richard Murray, Chief Economist, Swedish Agency for Public Management …”

Angel Iglesias Alonso, Manuel Villoria Mendieta Modernizing Public Administration in Spain: the New Government’s Agenda S. 121-139

„… challenge for the near future. 139 Richard Murray The Welfare State – the Swedish Model in Crisis …” „… with big budget deficits it may seem strange to speak of a crises of the Swedish model. However …” „… . • Despite the generosity of the Swedish welfare state, in several countries per capita use of certain …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Government’s Agenda Angel Iglesias Alonso, Manuel Villoria Mendieta 121 The Welfare State – the Swedish …”

Seppo Tiihonen Political Leadership in the Finnish Government S. 25-39

„… . Independent Swedish-type central agencies were abolished and agencies in central and regional administration …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203430

Ursula von der Leyen, Vladimir Spidla - Voneinander lernen - miteinander handeln

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Ursula von der Leyen (ed.), Vladimir Spidla (ed.)

Voneinander lernen - miteinander handeln

2009

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Gunnar Andersson Family Policies in Sweden and the Swedish Life-cycle Model S. 159-170

„… 159 Gunnar Andersson Family Policies in Sweden and the Swedish Life-cycle Model Abstract …” „… supported by the impact of Swedish family policies whose main goal it is to support women’s and men’s …” „… this review, I discuss the role of Swedish family policy in shaping life-cycle behavior and …”

François-Jean Legendre, Dominica Méda Potenziale entwickeln und ihre Nutzung sicherstellen: Anmerkungen 143 zum französischen Weg in der Kindererziehung S. 159

„… 159 Gunnar Andersson Family Policies in Sweden and the Swedish Life-cycle Model Abstract …” „… supported by the impact of Swedish family policies whose main goal it is to support women’s and men’s …” „… this review, I discuss the role of Swedish family policy in shaping life-cycle behavior and …”

Göran Hägglund Schweden S. 21-24

„… 21 Göran Hägglund Swedish family policy Sweden has a well-developed family policy. The …” „… international standards, Swedish family policy provides extensive financial support to families with children …” „… , but also to fulfill demands and take up responsibility. The Swedish Government’s ambition is to …”

Jorma Sipilä Integration of Senior Citizens in the Nordic Countries S. 221-244

„… distinctly less integrated in society than were the Swedish. Poverty: Poverty is the most central type of …” „… cent whereas the Swedish figure was low (10 %) and the other Nordic countries also placed themselves …” „… households are generally small. On average, the Danish, Swedish and Finnish households, together with German …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Policies in Sweden and the Swedish Life-cycle Model 159 Gunnar Andersson 5.4 Family policy in the …”

Willem Adema Family Support: Lessons from Different Tax/Benefit Systems S. 189-220

„… in the development of comprehensive Danish and Swedish formal childcare and early education support …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845212708

Matthias Schmidt-Preuß - Deutscher Atomrechtstag 2008

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Matthias Schmidt-Preuß (ed.)

Deutscher Atomrechtstag 2008

2009

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Ingvar Persson Requirements for the Operation of Nuclear Power Plants According to Swedish Law S. 199-206

„… Ingvar Persson, Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, Stockholm Requirements for the Operation of …” „… Nuclear Power Plants According to Swedish Law Introduction There are 10 operating nuclear power reactors …” „… nuclear operations. 199 ____________________ 1 All Swedish acts are published in the Swedish Statute-book …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Deutschland Dr. Werner Zaiss 187 Requirements for the Operation of Nuclear Power Plants According to Swedish …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845219790

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