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Thomas Fischer - Neutral Power in the CSCE

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Thomas Fischer

Neutral Power in the CSCE

Series: Wiener Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 12 2009

Results in this title

Negotiation Deadlock in Basket III S. 263-267

„… 263 Negotiation Deadlock in Basket III Contacts among the neutral (and non-aligned) in the early …” „… responsibility in further negotiations on these aspects of the talks. However, after the talks reopened after the …” „… proposition, the negotiations reached a stage in which a formal decision in the third committee on the start …”

A Swedish Proposal to Break the Negotiation Impasse S. 273-278

„… 273 A Swedish Proposal to Break the Negotiation Impasse The increasing interest and activity of the …” „… few weeks of the Geneva negotiations, the report noted that the neutrals and non-aligned had been …” „… pursuing negotiations until substantial results were reached.1000 In this context, the Yugoslav proposal on …”

The Role of Personalities S. 330-340

„… an important bearing on the whole of the CSCE negotiations, he maintains that “clearly the outcome in …” „… his country a special position in the ensuing negotiations to a degree that in the end Western …” „… individuals like Lipatti had a chance to influence the negotiations in their personal capacities had much to …”

Summary and Conclusions S. 357-376

„… the N+N emerged directly from the multilateral negotiations on European security and cooperation …” „… of the Dipoli and Geneva negotiations requires more explanation. This study set out to explore how …” „… the N+N emerged as a group actor to the negotiations, which common goals these states pursued, and …”

East-West Polarization and the N+N Dual Role Strategy S. 327-330

„… position the N+N came to occupy in informal negotiation groups during the Helsinki and Geneva talks is the …” „… contributing to the discussions on the content of the agenda) and intermediary (catalysing the negotiations by …” „… , and to make their contribution to the negotiations with clear-cut proposals of their own. The careful …”

Making Their Own Instructions S. 340-343

„… 340 were essentially “mid-level negotiations” – an increasingly separate, highly bureaucratized …” „… . Soon after the opening of the Dipoli negotiations, the public and media lost interest in the matter, as …” „… were able to try out new ways and ideas in diplomatic negotiations in this laboratory of East-West …”

The Principle of Equal Participation and the Rule of Consensus S. 324-327

„… years of intensive and often cumbersome negotiations, the CSCE had finally come to an end, and after …” „… influence the talks so far; but how did the N+N come to play a role in the negotiations that “transcended …” „… the N+N were able to exert within the original CSCE negotiations between 1972 and 1975. The Principle …”

Presentation of Neutral and Non-Aligned Proposals in Basket I S. 228-238

„… security: They do this both because they have been excluded by the West from the Vienna negotiations and …” „… MBFR negotiations, on which the N+N states would at least want to be kept informed. In fact, these …” „… weeks following the opening of talks in Geneva. Stage II – The Start of the Diplomatic Negotiations …”

Continued High-Level Contacts among the Neutrals S. 293-297

„… negotiations in Geneva in suspense, should be seen in part within the context of the uncertainty over Nixon’s …” „… continue “on the road towards détente” resurface.1097When negotiations in Geneva reopened after the summer …” „… open another debate in the Geneva negotiations, and thus were keen to keep the Cyprus issue “off the …”

Final Deals on Basket III and the Follow-Up S. 307-316

„… the Follow-Up The negotiations on the most disputed issues in the sub-committees of Basket III had …” „… Schweiz nach Helsinki, 113f; Cf. Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation,201-203.308 (and the neutrals).1164 …” „… upon during Stage II negotiations in Geneva. This proposal also differed from a Dutch proposal …”

N+N Discussions on a Yugoslav Follow-Up Proposal S. 267-273

„… security affairs beyond the current negotiations in Geneva.971 Besides the discussion on the military …” „… summarized in a Swiss status report on the CSCE negotiations of May 1974: “The follow-up will allow …” „… the Eastern bloc participating states had lived up to the commitments of the Geneva negotiations.979 …”

Growing Mutual Respect and Understanding S. 343-347

„… options on the negotiation table, the individual delegate, Ceska stressed, clearly had some leeway: Ahead …” „… a line but rather to have a collection of arguments. As soon as [the] negotiations started, we had …” „… CSCE negotiations. The procedural rules, as well as the basic structural situation of two opposing …”

Moving from Helsinki to Geneva S. 219-226

„… , and needed to be substantiated by concrete measures during the upcoming negotiations in Geneva. While …” „… recipients, while 752 Cf. Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 89-97. 753 Reimaa, Helsinki Catch, 62. 754 On …” „… negotiations and pursue their prominent role developed during the Dipoli talks. In the words of Swiss foreign …”

The N+N Package Deal S. 278-293

„… programme envisaging negotiations beyond 12 July. Equally impatient with the intransigence of the East and …” „… displayed a readiness to consider negotiations of all open questions in the conference across the board.1026 …” „… committee on 11 July envisaged a continuation of the negotiations until 26 July, followed by a “technical …”

Finland Joins in the Neutral Consultations S. 226-228

„… essential negotiations of the conference would take place in the sub-committees. These began work …” „… working organs made the negotiations rather confusing for those who were not familiar with the progress …” „… consultations; but their contacts “at four” were to remain very limited during the first months of negotiations …”

The Soviet Njet to the Swiss SRPD Project S. 250-254

„… multilateral negotiations on arms limitations and disarmament in Europe. III.The participating states recognize …” „… strengthen their security. They therefore express their great interest in further efforts894 and negotiations …” „… complete disarmament under strict and effective international control are the aims of such negotiations …”

No N+N Cooperation in Basket II S. 238-240

„… , negotiations proceeded without much neutral and nonaligned coordination. In fact, Basket II lived somewhat in …” „… negotiations, a role that was rooted in its difficult political relationship with the Soviet Union. As …” „… Ambassador Paavo Rantanen, then responsible for negotiations in Basket II, stressed in an interview with the …”

The N+N at the Helsinki Summit (30 July – 1 August 1975) S. 317-324

„… role the N+N came to play in the Dipoli and Geneva negotiations, this final chapter looks for a broader …” „… Final Act of the CSCE negotiations.1207The summit meeting assembling the leaders of the thirty-five …” „… Finland.1208 With the hosting of the final summit stage of the CSCE negotiations, President Kekkonen had …”

The Declaration of Principles and Basket III S. 193-198

„… 1973; Cf. Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 26. 648 Indeed, CBM stemmed from the earlier Western …” „… , Report on a Negotiation, 27. 650 TNA, FCO 41/1291: Austria, Basket III (CESC/WG/21), 2 April 1973; TNA …” „… basis for negotiation. Zorin and other Warsaw Pact delegates, however, still publicly stated that the …”

Drafting a First Common Proposal in the Military Sub-Committee S. 246-250

„… actual birth of the group of the N+N states within the CSCE negotiations. Once a formerly loose ad hoc …” „… a closer collaboration by forming a group of their own within the negotiations with EC/NATO and …” „… crisis in Cyprus between Turkey and Greece, affected the overall context of the CSCE negotiations. 876 …”

Introduction S. 17-28

„… bargaining chip at best; such was the case for Austria in the four powers’ negotiations on its State Treaty …” „… neutral and non-aligned, to enter negotiations on these vital issues for the first time, on an equal …” „… , Sweden, and Switzerland. When negotiations in summer 1974 stalled over Basket III, the neutral and …”

Helsinki-Geneva-Helsinki: Deciding on the Venue of the Conference S. 201-216

„… had in mind. However, the question of a link between the two parallel negotiation processes was still …” „… technical arguments were made for moving 680 Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 30f. 681 Final …” „… . 683 Cf. Maresca, To Helsinki, 170. 202 the CSCE negotiations before Stage II of the conference.684 …”

Mitigating Bilateral Differences S. 347-351

„… .1354In November 1973, when the Yugoslavs formally introduced a proposal at the CSCE negotiations …” „… Liedermann and his delegation members in the CSCE negotiations1357 clearly helped to improve the strained …” „… from the negotiations at the conference itself, but had mainly to do with specific domestic questions …”

A Breakthrough on CBM Parameters S. 297-307

„… remaining questions of the conference. Final Negotiations on the Helsinki Accords (January – July 1975) The …” „… negotiations in autumn 1974 had been relentlessly sluggish, yet the advent of the new year brought a clear …” „… German delegation to the CSCE negotiations, confirmed that Moscow’s interest in pushing for a speedy and …”

Early Discussions on the Venue of the Conference S. 167-169

„… December 1972; Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 13. 541 The term “mandates” had first been introduced to …” „… ; Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation,13f.168 subsequent work of the committees during Stage II of the …” „… negotiations was linked among other things to the question of where the military alliances would hold their …”

The Inclusion of the Mediterranean Small States and European Microstates in the N+N Group S. 351-354

„… Geneva negotiations also included Mediterranean small states Cyprus and Malta, as well as microstates …” „… Maresca, To Helsinki, 21; Lundell, Modern Multilateral Negotiations, 62; Birnbaum, “The Neutral and …” „… . Despite its ambition to steer an independent course from Moscow in the negotiations, it was after all …”

Assuming Responsibility as Coordinators of Basket III S. 240-243

„… the Geneva negotiations were in uncontroversial issues, such as the resolution in March 1974 presented …” „… them the neutrals) was fought in the third committee. From the outset of the Geneva negotiations, the …” „… .; Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation,233f.859 ÖStA/AdR, BMfaA, II-Pol/International 12, [non-registered box 1 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… the original negotiations. He also let me use all the archival material he kept from ten years of CSCE …” „… diplomacy, including the invaluable source of actual handwritten notes from the negotiations in Dipoli. Over …” „… 226Stage II – The Start of the Diplomatic Negotiations (Sept. – December 1973) 228Presentation of …”

The Swiss-Austrian Quarrel over Neutrality S. 254-263

„… proposal throughout the Geneva negotiations. The other neutrals, namely Austria and to a lesser degree …” „… real prospects for substantial progress in the Geneva negotiations, and the Swiss delegation now …” „… . Participation in the European security conference negotiations – a first-time experience for Switzerland’s …”

Rules of Procedure S. 155-162

„… for decision-making in multilateral negotiations, see Ulf Lindell. Modern Multilateral Negotiation …” „… , 2005. 101f; Renk, der Weg der Schweiz nach Helsinki, 39; Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 10. 503 …” „… Negotiation, 10. 508 Discomfort with Iloniemi’s designation as vice-chairman existed also because it was …”

The Birth of the N+N Group (January – December 1974) S. 245-246

„… Geneva talks would still depend on concrete progress and positive results in the current negotiations.874 …” „… that it saw the actual birth of the group of the N+N states within the CSCE negotiations. Once a …” „… possibilities of a closer collaboration by forming a group of their own within the negotiations with EC/NATO and …”

Performance of the Neutral and Non-Aligned States S. 169-173

„… talks might negatively prejudice the Austrian capital for future rounds of CSCE negotiations. If leading …” „… negotiations in Helsinki.551 In a meeting in Vienna on 14 and 15 December 1972 between the Swiss and Austrian …” „… Vienna open for the second phase of the CSCE negotiations, which it was “highly interested” in hosting …”

Technical Preparations S. 151-155

„… establishment of the N+N group would still not occur until early 1974, during Stage II of the negotiations in …” „… successful negotiation of the German-German Basic Treaty, Bonn was keen to see the achievements of Brandt’s …” „… negotiations, see Ulf Lindell. Modern Multilateral Negotiation: The Consensus Rule and Its Implications in …”

Operation Baskets S. 173-177

„… case with origins of ideas during the CSCE negotiations, the basket concept was not created “in one day …” „… version of the origin of the term is also evoked by Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 13. At the CSCE …” „… conference.585 Thus the basic structure was created, and would eventually allow for the negotiation of a …”

Organization of the Work S. 165-167

„… Weg der Schweiz nach Helsinki, 50f; Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 13. 166 place in three stages …” „… the negotiations, and whether it should aim for more than just an observer status in the CSCE. A …” „… December 1972; Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 13. 541 The term “mandates” had first been introduced to …”

Other Reference Groups S. 354-356

„… While the basic structure of the CSCE negotiations was characterized by a relatively simple setting of …” „… Negotiations, 63f. 1380 The only time the N+N had dealings with the Berlin and the Bonn groups was in early …” „… cooperation in Geneva, Finland’s ambition clearly gradually lost its priority the longer the negotiations …”

Bilateral Superpower Détente S. 55-60

„… Reduction Talks (MBFR) of the military alliances, and the parallel negotiations that led to the Conference …” „… negotiations on Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) in 1969 signalled the most important step towards …” „… Congress that the US was prepared to open a new “era of negotiation” with the Soviet Union, replacing the …”

Multilateral Détente in Europe S. 60-63

„… normalization of relations with Eastern Europe. The Brandt government began intensive negotiations with the …” „… Soviet Union; these negotiations were crowned by the signing of a German-Soviet treaty in Moscow in …” „… . Negotiations between Bonn and East Berlin took a little longer. As a precondition for the recognition of the …”

The Mandate on Military Aspects of Security – Disarmament and CBM S. 200-201

„… Basket I.678 Regarding disarmament negotiations and the CSCE, the Soviets proposed “political and …” „… a link between the two parallel negotiation processes was still open for discussion in the …” „… were made for moving 680 Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 30f. 681 Final Recommendations of the …”

The Catalogue of Principles S. 187-189

„… ; Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 19-29. 188 view in this debate, and put emphasis on the principles that …” „… Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 26. 630 Ibid. 631 Ibid. 189 matter pending – and the balance between …” „… same time, they tried to promote their own interests in the negotiations. While the discussion on the …”

Other Military Aspects of Security S. 191-193

„… mind the support of all participating states for negotiations conducted in appropriate fora on measures …” „… principles to guide the negotiations on MBFR, were forced to realize by early April that this idea 643 …” „… . Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 26. 648 Indeed, CBM stemmed from the earlier Western concept of …”

Sweden S. 135-138

„… promote concrete negotiations between the blocs.433Sweden never held ambitions to host the CSCE or any of …” „… , reasons existed for transferring several phases of the negotiations on disarmament in Europe to an organ …” „… conference project before negotiations in Dipoli began.442Its priorities clearly lay in the activities of the …”

Yugoslavia S. 138-141

„… the security conference project before negotiations in Dipoli began.442Its priorities clearly lay in …” „… measures) were most likely to bring neutral and non-aligned congruence in the CSCE negotiations, as common …” „… were all lobbying to host one or several stages of the CSCE negotiations. While neither Vienna nor …”

Bibliography S. 379-392

„… GDR Foreign Ministry and the CSCE Negotiations: Plans, Preparations, Tactics and Presumptions. Cold …” „… Negotiation: Helsinki – Geneva – Helsinki 1972-1975. Alphen an den Rjin: Sijthoff & Nordhoff, 1979. Gruber …” „… Helsinki Negotiations: The Accords and Their Impact. CCBH Oral History Programme, Witness Seminar held on …”

Stage I – Prelude (July – August 1973) S. 219

„… , and needed to be substantiated by concrete measures during the upcoming negotiations in Geneva. While …” „… recipients, while 752 Cf. Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 89-97. 753 Reimaa, Helsinki Catch, 62. 754 On …”

Prospects for Common Positions S. 141

„… measures) were most likely to bring neutral and non-aligned congruence in the CSCE negotiations, as common …” „… were all lobbying to host one or several stages of the CSCE negotiations. While neither Vienna nor …”

Austria S. 65-69

„… mediator in international negotiations) and “solidarity” (through humanitarian aid and development …” „… ). 133 Kreisky participated in the Moscow negotiations of 1955 as undersecretary of the Foreign Ministry …” „… as mediator and venue for international negotiations. Almost all aspects of foreign policy were now …”

The Role of a Neutral/Non-Aligned State and Possible Forms of Cooperation S. 141-150

„… measures) were most likely to bring neutral and non-aligned congruence in the CSCE negotiations, as common …” „… were all lobbying to host one or several stages of the CSCE negotiations. While neither Vienna nor …” „… character of all previous East-West negotiations concerning Europe, the small and medium sized states should …”

A Special Body for the Swiss Proposal on a System for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes S. 198-200

„… Negotiation, 26. 667 TNA, FCO 41/1291: CSCE/MPT: Swiss Proposal on Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, Telegram …” „… part of the terms of reference in Basket I.678 Regarding disarmament negotiations and the CSCE, the …”

Opening Statements S. 162-164

„… smaller states and prevented the ensuing negotiations from becoming a platform for sheer propaganda …” „… . Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 11. 527 ÖStA/AdR, BMfaA, II-Pol/International 12, [non-registered box C …”

Neutral Coordinators for the Informal Minigroups S. 185-187

„… become the central forum of the negotiations for the third session, where all the heavyweights of the …” „… Negotiation, 19-29. …”

Neutral Caucus with a View to the Continuation of Stage II and the Follow-Up S. 243-245

„… document of the Geneva negotiations to contain “more substance” than the UN Declaration on Friendly …” „… Geneva talks would still depend on concrete progress and positive results in the current negotiations.874 …”

Switzerland S. 128-135

„… projects discussed in the context of MBFR negotiations.414 By March 1972, therefore, the Foreign Ministry …” „… seeking as provider of good offices. The provision of its neutral territory for international negotiations …” „… those of Finland and Austria in hosting one or the other stage of CSCE negotiations. At the yearly …”

Ralph Enckell’s Mission (and the Second Finnish Memorandum) S. 111-120

„… on the status of Berlin, and with the impending negotiations on a German-German treaty and the …” „… negotiations. Hentilä, Neutral zwischen den beiden deutschen Staaten, 130-140. 348 TNA, FCO 41/1072 …” „… multilateral negotiations for the “Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe”, as it was called by now …”

Austria S. 36-40

„… parties. Negotiations among the Four Powers on a state treaty for Austria had already begun in London in …” „… than other neutral states, negotiations, namely with the European Economic Community, never went far …”

Neutral and Non-Aligned Agenda Proposals S. 177-181

„… negotiations, it was essential that non-bloc member states were also given the opportunity to take part, as …” „… , Helsinki, 15. Januar 1973. 605 Cf. Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 15f. 606 ÖStA/AdR, BMfaA …”

Reactions to the Neutral and Non-Aligned Proposals on Security Matters S. 181-185

„… , Report on a Negotiation, 15f. 606 ÖStA/AdR, BMfaA, II-Pol/International 12, [non-registered box 9, 1973 …” „… , notebook 4, 31 January 1973; Cf. Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 16f. 613 Renk Papers: CSCE Notes …”

Prelude to the N+N: The “Group of Nine” S. 76-82

„… , Finland and Sweden, made use of their engagement in the Group of Nine to promote negotiations on …” „… importance when defining and implementing the contents of the “third basket” in the CSCE negotiations in the …”

Austria S. 120-128

„… international negotiations in Helsinki for pretty much the same reasons as the Austrians had at the time.366 …” „… From an Austrian point of view, offering Vienna as a venue for international negotiations was a …”

Neutral and Non-aligned Cooperation at the MPT S. 216-218

„… Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 67. 745 BAR, E 2001 (E) 1987/78, 187: Rapport et proposition sur la …”

Dispute on the Christmas Break S. 164-165

„… Helsinki, 50f; Ferraris, Report on a Negotiation, 13. …”

Switzerland S. 63-65

„… negotiations) and “solidarity” (through humanitarian aid and development cooperation). Indeed, the 1970s saw …”

The Austrian Middle East Proposal – First to Fail S. 189-191

„… negotiations. While the discussion on the Swiss proposal on a peaceful settlement system and the demand for a …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845217703

Astrid M. Fellner - Narratives of Border Crossings

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Astrid M. Fellner (ed.)

Narratives of Border Crossings

Series: Border Studies. Cultures, Spaces, Orders

Volume 5 2021

Results in this title

Ludmila Martanovschi Neo-cosmopolitan Negotiations: Public and Private Border Crossings in Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s Joss and Gold S. 81-94

„… 81 Neo-cosmopolitan Negotiations: Public and Private Border Crossings in Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s …” „… elements such as high social status or financial affluence is limited and focuses on gendered negotiations …” „… register the need for cross-cultural negotiations and a fresh perspective steeped into local realities of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Literary Approaches and Negotiations Border Studies Cultures, Spaces, Orders Edited by Prof. Dr. Astrid …” „… Volume 5 Narratives of Border Crossings Astrid M. Fellner [ed.] Literary Approaches and Negotiations …” „… , Astrid M. Narratives of Border Crossings Literary Approaches and Negotiations Astrid M. Fellner (ed …”

Astrid M. Fellner Introduction: Narratives of Border Crossings X Border-Crossing Narratives S. 7-20

„… is “[t]hrough border transgressions and shifts, through negotiations, migrations, overlaps and the …” „… increasingly moving into the center of aesthetic negotiations, border-cultural productions and narratives of …” „… . Ludmilla Martanovschi’s “Cosmopolitan Negotiations: Public and Private Border Crossings in Shirley Geoklin …”

Elke Sturm-Trigonakis Constructions and Transgressions of Class, Gender, Race, and Genre in Hari Kunzru’s The Impressionist: A Narrative About Former and Current Globalizations S. 111-130

„… race in The Impressionist, before discussing textual negotiations of actual and former phenomena of …” „… and its negotiation of matters of globalization, Kunzru’s novel allows for classifying it as New …”

Aikaterini Delikonstantinidou Post-Ethnic Virtual Reality in William Gibson’s Burning Chrome: Savage Hybrids Wandering Cyber-Borderlands S. 185-206

„… stages vertiginous transcultural negotiations between embodiment and disembodiment, virtual and material …” „… , diaspora and utopia, Occident(alism) and Orient(alism), and has his characters perform these negotiations …”

Dorothea Fischer-Hornung Photography and Mapping: Geronimo and Indigenous Knowledge in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead S. 55-80

„… two days of negotiations. They consist of nineteen views of seventeen different scenes, which he …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748924005

Alessandra Nervi Christensen - The Making of the European Neighbourhood Policy

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Alessandra Nervi Christensen

The Making of the European Neighbourhood Policy

Series: Außenpolitik und Internationale Ordnung

Volume 2011

Results in this title

The negotiation matrix S. 133-134

„… The negotiation matrix Sweden Italy Germany Poland Lithuania Commission Policy Unit ENP Result …” „… negotiation matrix above it becomes clear that there were quite a few common argumentation lines among the …”

The CFSP negotiation mode S. 31-35

„… International Relationsscholars or scholars from various disciplines face with the concept of negotiation.More …” „… “external coherence”.The CFSP negotiation modeOne of the main aims of this study is to try to reconstruct …” „… the discussion phasesaround the formulation of the ENP and to shed some light on the negotiation …”

The concept of “coherence” S. 26-31

„… scholars from various disciplines face with the concept of negotiation.More than four decades of research …” „… policy”. Apart fromthe concept of negotiations, which allows for the decision-making process to …” „… coherence” analysis with an “outside view” of its “external coherence”.The CFSP negotiation modeOne of the …”

Introduction S. 13-17

„… work to “measure” some sort of coherence and analyzethe negotiation process is “process tracing …” „… Administration,Working Paper No.99/W/06.14At the core of the work of the Council are processes of negotiation and …” „… of the ENP negotiations it is essential to clarify what negotiations are, and how the negotiation …”

General Affairs and External Relations Council (GAERC) S. 36-44

„… negotiation among memberstates add to the institutionalization. Only by understanding the CFSP internal …” „… processes of negotiation and bargainingacross all levels and layers of ministerial and official exchanges.61 …” „… is a degree of mutual trust and understandingwhich is quite unusual in international negotiations, an …”

Academic discourse and state of the art S. 18-20

„… of internal EU negotiation processes. The debate ranges from intra-institutional considerations to …” „… negotiations within the EU decisionmaking system seems to be widely accepted among scholars as well as the …” „… common interest.13 Applying negotiation theories to theprocess of European integration is a rather new …”

How will the research be done? S. 22-26

„… notionof negotiation and coherence.How will the research be done?So how will the method of “process tracing …” „… negotiations will be evidenced andtwo definitions of negotiations will be proposed. One of them will then be …” „… process. The literature does not offer many examples of this kindof “negotiation tracing” and especially …”

Poland as advocate for the “Eastern Dimension”? S. 114-125

„… the discourse and consequently also in the resultsobtained during the ENP negotiations.Strategic …” „… accession negotiations in 1998 and 2000 respectively. Both closedtheir negotiations of the CFSP chapters …” „… Geremek, in his speechinaugurating Poland’s EU accession negotiations, stated that Poland would contribute …”

What is “process tracing”? S. 20-22

„… the formulation of the ENP and to shed some light on the negotiation processwithin the EU institutions …” „… still predominantly intergovernmental body of EU decisionmaking negotiation plays a crucial role. Under …” „… notionof negotiation and coherence.How will the research be done?So how will the method of “process tracing …”

The negotiating timeline and the actors involved S. 72-75

„… Negotiating the ENPThis part of the study will in detail reconstruct the negotiation process …” „… leading tothe formulation of the ENP. After giving a very brief overview of the overall negotiation …” „… outset of the ENP negotiations. Then, the two majorargumentation lines put forward by each of the …”

Sweden as the initiator of the ENP? S. 86-94

„… stop all negotiations.As was already said, the aim at this stage was laying out a “package” for the …” „… had just finished its term asPresident. Having successfully advanced the enlargement negotiation …” „… thatbecame the focus of the final ENP negotiations in COREPER in 2004. The threemost relevant issues for the …”

Conclusions S. 160-165

„… the contents of theENP aside, the major achievement of the negotiation process was to forge a com-420 …” „… its placement on the Council agenda in 2002 andits final adoption in June 2004. The “core negotiation …” „… be traced back to the very first negotiation periodwhen agreement was reached at the lowest Council …”

Snapshot of the perception of the ENP S. 144-159

„… negotiations involving LeonidKuchma, Victor Yushenko and Victor Yanukowich. Finally, under strong pressure from …” „… had failed during the ENP negotiations and even now afterthe revolution. Actually, keeping this …” „… membership stance was starting to become counterproductive. The chapter on Polish negotiations has explained …”

Bibliography S. 173-186

„… of the EU: Supranational or IntergovernmentalNegotiations?”, in Journal of Common Market Studies, Vo …” „… Transparency”, in Ole Elgström/Christer Jönsson(ed.): “European Union Negotiations. Processes, Networks and …” „… , Terrence: “Two Paradigms of Negotiation: Bargaining and Problem Solving”, in TheANNALS of the American …”

The final ENP document S. 134-137

„… . Looking at the negotiation matrix above it becomes clear that there were quite a few common argumentation …” „… in this particular negotiation phase. As non-members it is difficult tobe able to interact and …” „… track the status of negotiations andto know when a window of opportunity emerges. At the time of the …”

Lithuania as promoter of democratization? S. 125-133

„… negotiations.Strategic preferences• Enhance the role of the EU as a foreign policy actor in the neighborhood.• Focus on …” „… in the negotiation process.For Poland the result is that identification with and endorsement of the …” „… expression of the Lithuanian tactics inthe EU negotiation scheme. It was sent to the HR and Christopher …”

Internal coherence S. 138-142

„… all ENP-related negotiations with the targetcountries and to stop the drafting of all APs.361 But the …” „… member states do not always put forward a certain line for the negotiations.363 Strategic interests might …” „… This makes negotiations more open, subject to their preferences, assumedly developingthroughout the …”

Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER) S. 44-49

„… meetings keep the negotiations in a very restricted setting. This allows for being frank, as well as …” „… this lowest level of the Council hierarchy is vital for theeventual outcome of the negotiations. It …” „… Buteven important political decisions need to be prepared in advance, so that negotiations can concentrate …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… negotiation mode2.4. 31CFSP Institutions, Decision-Making and Tools3. 36General Affairs and External Relations …” „… Endorsement5.4.2.2. 130The negotiation matrix5.5 133The final ENP document5.6. 134The Coherence of the ENP6 …”

Overall endorsement of the ENP by member states S. 142-144

„… that member states do not always put forward a certain line for the negotiations.363 Strategic …” „… http://cadmus.eui.eu/dspace/bitstream/1814/6419/1/LAW-2006-39.pdf, p.1.363 This makes negotiations more open, subject to their …”

COEST Working Group S. 49-52

„… is vital for theeventual outcome of the negotiations. It constitutes the first opportunity for …” „… to be prepared in advance, so that negotiations can concentrate on solutions which have the best …” „… COREPER is to the Council, a forum for negotiationsand finding solutions and a filter on issues that go up …”

EU relations towards neighbors 1960–1990 S. 53-57

„… the Commission of trade negotiation authority. The creation ofe.g. a common external tariff required …” „… the negotiations with Israeldeeply disturbed the European-Arab Dialogue and led to the earlier …”

Italy balancing the EU “Southern Dimension” versus the “Eastern Dimension”? S. 94-104

„… negotiations?Strategic preferences• Strengthen and develop the Southern Dimension of the EU and at the same timebuild up …” „… been strongly criticized in the literature and was a contested issue during the ENP negotiation process …” „… negotiations; and actually no clear negotiating plan. In the end however, Italy was quitesuccessful in pushing …”

Executive Summary S. 187-188

„… in the CFSP framework, the negotiation mode and practice within the EU institutions and the …”

The EU High Representative and the Policy Unit S. 80-82

„… Copenhagen summit (end of 2002) at which theconclusion of the accession negotiations would be registered.The …”

The “Wider Europe” debate and the origins of the ENP S. 63-65

„… letters the discussionand negotiations on the ENP were launched and the Commission entrusted to prepare …”

What is the ENP about? S. 65-67

„… selected parts of the internal market.”149 With these two letters the discussionand negotiations on the ENP …”

How will the ENP work? S. 67-71

„… “unwritten benchmarks” which need to be fulfilled and that there willbe new negotiations on next steps …”

The EU Commission S. 82-86

„… states intervene, and the Council stop all negotiations.As was already said, the aim at this stage was …”

ENP History (reconstruction according to documents) S. 166-169

„… Commission to immediately stop all negotiations wit ENP targetcountries. Real debate about final ENP document …”

The President of the EU Commission S. 75-80

„… negotiations in the Council it is necessary togo back in time and clearly understand the different strategic …”

EU relations towards neighbors 1990–2000 S. 57-63

„… the same time the negotiations with Israeldeeply disturbed the European-Arab Dialogue and led to the …”

Germany’s new role between East and West? S. 104-114

„… and West?Germany represents the most difficult case to place within the ENP negotiationscheme. In the …” „… Germany at the beginning of the negotiationwas to find a way to frame a policy towards the EU’s neighbors …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845227948

Barbara Pusch, Ugur Tekin - Migration und Türkei

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Barbara Pusch (ed.), Ugur Tekin (ed.)

Migration und Türkei

Series: Istanbuler Texte und Studien (ITS)

Volume 22 2011

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Sema Erder Migration as a “Heated Question” in Turkey-EU Negotiations S. 83-92

„… Migration as a “Heated Question” in Turkey-EU Negotiations1 Sema Erder Turkey’s relations with European …” „… having a young population prone to migration clearly have negative effects on the negotiation process …” „… for European Union (EU) membership. The fact that these negotiations are taking place in a political …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… “Heated Question” in Turkey-EU Negotiations........................... 85 Y. Yeşim Özer Turkey’s …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783956506789

Eva Willnegger - Patents in the Food Sector

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Eva Willnegger

Patents in the Food Sector

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 1 2008

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Negotiations with respect to food S. 51-63

„… recently. At the start of the TRIPs negotiations, 35 countries of the 92 Paris Convention Members excluded …” „… developing countries and developed countries paved the way for negotiations. Export markets for agricultural …” „… products or textiles were traded against a minimum standard of patent protection.123 The negotiations for …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… TRIPs Agreement 51 I. Negotiations with respect to food 53 1. The approach of India 55 2. The approach …” „… negotiations 57 6. Intermediate result 59 7 …”

The Amending Act of 1891 and the Kongorot decision S. 26-28

„… patents for chemical substances in the first place during the negotiations of the German Patent Act of …” „… 1877. These representatives persisted dur ing the negotiations of the Amending Act of 1891 that …”

Contents with respect to food S. 63-66

„… Uruguay Round of Multilateral Negotiations of GATT, in: ( (ed.), GATT Accord and India, New Delhi 1995 …” „… of the negotiations for the TRIPs Agreement, as it was disucssed only in context with pharmaceuticals …”

The exemption in the German Patent Act of 1877 S. 20-26

„… patents for chemical substances in the first place during the negotiations of the German Patent Act of …” „… 1877. These representatives persisted dur ing the negotiations of the Amending Act of 1891 that …”

Consequences S. 66-67

„… system.185 Food was not in the focus of the negotiations for the TRIPs Agreement, as it was disucssed …”

Assessment of the exemption in Germany from 1877 to 1967 S. 48-51

„… countries excluded food from patentability until recently. At the start of the TRIPs negotiations, 35 …”

Final Summary S. 166-206

„… India, New Delhi 1995 197 ( , The Uruguay Round of Multilateral Negotiations of GATT, in: ( (ed …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210230

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