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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

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Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Youth S. 204

„… YouthThe?social?significance?of?sports,?specifically?for?young?people?has?been?recognizedin?many?official?documents.?The?Presidency?conclusions?of?the?Nice?Summit?aswell?as?the?Joint?Declaration?by?the?Council?and?the?Member?States?representativesof?5?May?2003 …” „… e.g.?confirm?that?the?value?of?sports?cuts?across?different?fields?ofEU?policy,?and?that?it?contributes?socially,?culturally,?and?in?terms?of?public?healthto?the?well-being?of?the?European?youth.Importantly,?sport …” „… rsonal?activity,sports?appeal?to?a?collective?identity?and?can?provide?role?models?for?young?peopleand?children.In?the?framework?of?its?Youth?programme,?the?EU?offers?young?people?severalpossibilities?such?as?to?engage?in?the?European?Voluntary?Service?(EVS),?whichmakes?it?possible?for?young?people?aged?between?18?and?25 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Constitutional Treaty Draft S. 171-173

„… -282?“Education,?Youth?and?Sport”,392 Lehtonen,?Deliege,?Meca-Medina.393 Van Den …” „… ,?by?promotingfairness?and?openness?in?sporting?competitions?and?co-operation?between?bodies?responsiblefor?sports,?and?by?protecting?the?physical?and?moral?integrity?of?sportsmen?and?women,especially?young?sportsmen?and?women.395 …” „… ernments?attached?great?importance?to?sport.?Also,?sport?concerned?indirectly?manycommunities’?policies,?such?as?health.Moreover,?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Education S. 198-199

„… ,?the?rate?of?female?employment?at?first?glance?calls?for?no?particularcomment?and?is?even?slightly?higher.??This,?however,?given?that?there?is?indications?that?employment?in?sport?is?somewhat?insecure?and?involves?higherrates?of?part-time?work,?is?not?necessarily?a?plus?point.?As?far?as?the?salariesof?professional?sportsmen?and?sportswomen?are?concerned,?it?is?clear?that?theprinciple?of?equal?treatment?frequently?does?not?apply …” „… llywould?not?be?offered;?(ii)?applicants?not?eligible?to?get?tickets?would?only?be?reimbursed?after?the?tournament,?and?a?non-refundable?fee?of?5?euros?for?presumed“administrative?costs”?would?be?retained.Sport and …” „… ? “commontraining?policy”?for?all?Member?States,?but?acts?rather?as?a?forum?for?exchangingideas?and?best?practice.?The?Community?programs?and?action?plans?in?the?areas?oftraining,?vocational?training?and?youth …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rule of law and the fair play S. 77-79

„… c?idealThe?Company,?by?the?provisions?of?the?present?Regulation,?guarantees?the?satisfaction?ofthe?fundamental?principles?of?the?Olympic?Charter?and?the?actual?expression?of?the?Olympicideal,?with?a?view?to?moral?elevation?by?educating?youth?through?sport …” „… ? imposed?as?part?of?sportsactivities,?whereas?others?have?an?organizational?purpose.?Lastly,?there?are?rulesconcerning?the?relations?among?sports?organizations104.?According?to? the?SwissFederal?Court,? the? latter?are? the?most?difficult …” „… .Sports?rules,?whether?they?are?of?technical?or?ethical?nature,?should?be?regardedas?rules?relating?to?s …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Community law and sport S. 149-152

„… ?on?the?sports?phenomenon.Today,?the?policy?of?the?European?Union?on?sport?touches?issues?such?as?publichealth,?the?protection?of?working?youth,?the?security?of?sports?facilities,?standardization?of?sports?equipment,?the?free?circulation?of?sports?equipment,?tourism,?taxation,?environment,?education,?training?and?ban?of?discriminations.326 …” „… Chapter?8Community law and sportSport? is? considered? to?be? the?main? social?movement? in?Europe …” „… ?sports?clubs?in?the?Community.?Mainly?the?economic?impo …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Sport,?Justice?and?Home?affairs?policy 201Sport?and?New?technologies 202Sport?and?social?politic 203Sport?and?Youth 204Chapter?10 205 …” „… The?legislative?delineation?of?the?principles?of?the?Olympic?Charterand?consequences?thereof.?The?concept?of?the?Sporting?Spirit,?of?sportstraditions?and?of?the?Olympic?Ideal?and?fair?play 71Fair?play?in?the?Code?of?Sports?Ethics?of?the?Council?of?Europe 73 …” „… The?Games?of?the?Classical?era 27The?Pan-Hellenic?Games 28City-state?and?sport 28War?and?Sport 29 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ideological background S. 124-127

„… ?“The?goal?of?the?Olympic?Movement?is?to?contribute?to?building?a?peaceful?and?betterworld?by?educating?youth?through?sport?practised?without?discrimination?of?any?kind?andin?the?Olympic?spirit,?which?requires?mutual?understanding?with?a?spirit?of?friendship,?solidarity?and?fair?play”.126ever,?unfortunately,?until?the?early?90 …” „… ,?when?Coubertin?gave?a?speech?in?Paris,?reflected?strong?images?of?peacethrough?international?sport.?He?called?for?sportsmen?to?be?peace ambassadors,?aspart?of?peace?efforts.260In? 1892,? during? a? speech? of? his? in? Sorbonne …” „… ?the?Games.?However,?the?revival?of?the?Olympics?was?not?followed?by?the?revivalof?the?truce.?The?Olympism?is?the?goal?to?place?sport?as?the?service?of?harmoniousdevelopment?of?man,?with?a?view?to?promoting?a?peaceful?society.255?However,?thatprinciple?was …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The integration of the ethical rules of sport in national laws S. 74-77

„… c?idealThe?Company,?by?the?provisions?of?the?present?Regulation,?guarantees?the?satisfaction?ofthe?fundamental?principles?of?the?Olympic?Charter?and?the?actual?expression?of?the?Olympicideal,?with?a?view?to?moral?elevation?by?educating?youth?through?sport …” „… cept,?not?a?simple?principle?or?rule.?Responsible?for?its?respect?are?governments,sports …” „… ?the?same?time,?the?Council?of?Europe,?at?Committee?of?Ministers?level,?hasadopted?a?European?Sports?Charter?on?24?September?199290.?According? to …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Union S. 137-141

„… ?market?policybut?also?the?public?health,?could?not?remain?idle?towards?this?problem.?Besides,?itwas?the?European?Commission?that?declared?that?sport?is?a?“big?business”?nowadays.292?It?announced?a?financial?aid?of?2?million?Euros?to?the?WADA?programs.Its …” „… G.,?Doping?and?fundamental?rights?of?athletes:?comments?in?the?wake?of?adoption?of?the?World?anti-doping?Code,?in?ISLR?2003.291 Panagiotopoulos D.,?Sports …” „… ?Law?(in?Greek),?Nomiki?Vivliothiki?Publication,?Athens?2006.292 Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,? Sports? Law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and social politic S. 203-204

„… YouthThe?social?significance?of?sports,?specifically?for?young?people?has?been?recognizedin?many?official?documents.?The?Presidency?conclusions?of?the?Nice?Summit?aswell?as?the?Joint?Declaration?by?the?Council?and?the?Member?States?representativesof?5?May?2003 …” „… e.g.?confirm?that?the?value?of?sports?cuts?across?different?fields?ofEU?policy,?and?that?it?contributes?socially,?culturally,?and?in?terms?of?public?healthto?the?well-being?of?the?European?youth.Importantly,?sport …” „… rsonal?activity,sports?appeal?to?a?collective?identity?and?can?provide?role?models?for?young?peopleand?children.In?the?framework?of?its?Youth?programme,?the?EU?offers?young?people?severalpossibilities?such?as?to?engage?in?the?European?Voluntary?Service?(EVS),?whichmakes?it?possible?for?young?people?aged?between?18?and?25 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The evolution of the community provisions on sport S. 169-170

„… ?as?well?as?to?various?regional?policies?relevant?to?sport.?Sport?now?concernsindirectly?many?community?policies,?such?as?health?(doping),?youth,?education?etc.The?recent?Olympic?organization?of?Athens?showed?many?aspects?of?the?relationbetween?sport?and?EC?law.?The?impeding?organization?of?London?will?undoubtedlyshow?even?more,? since? the …” „… al?on?Education,?Training?and?Youth?of?theEuropean?Commission?comprises?a?separate?sports?unit.?Since?the?early?1990 …” „… also?a?legal?interest,?since?via?the?prevalence?of?the?EC?law?it?dynamically?entersthe?conversation?about?the?relation?among?the?rules?which?govern?sport?and?supportsthe?prevalence?of?the?EC?law.Indeed,?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The gradual entrance of sport in the EC Treaty S. 170-171

„… ?the?need?to?preserve?and?promote?the?social?role?of?sportwas?pointed?out.Nowadays,?the?Directorate?General?on?Education,?Training?and?Youth?of?theEuropean?Commission?comprises?a?separate?sports?unit.?Since?the?early?1990 …” „… -282?“Education,?Youth?and?Sport”,392 Lehtonen,?Deliege,?Meca-Medina.393 Van Den …” „… ?Concretely,?the?Community's?involvement?in?the?field?of?sport?remainedmainly?limited?to?the?funding?of?international?sporting?competitions?like?the?European?Sailing?Regatta?or?the?Tour?de?l'Avenir?in?cycling.?After?the?adoption?of?theSingle?European?Act?in?1986 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The declarations of Amsterdam and Nice S. 171

„… -282?“Education,?Youth?and?Sport”,392 Lehtonen,?Deliege,?Meca-Medina.393 Van Den …” „… ernments?attached?great?importance?to?sport.?Also,?sport?concerned?indirectly?manycommunities’?policies,?such?as?health.Moreover,?sport …” „… t?concern?the?freedomof?movement?of?workers.?As?the?Walrave?rules?held,?sport?is?caught?by?the?ambitof?EC?law?only?in?so?far?as?it?constitutes?an?economic?activity.?This?ruling?was?laterconfirmed?by?many?other?ECJ?rulings.The declarations of Amsterdam and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community interest in sport and the formation of a European participial democracy S. 168-169

„… .At?the?same?time,?the?need?of?taking?into?account?the?special?characteristics?ofthis?phenomenon?during?the?application?of?every?community?policy?was?underlined.Simultaneously,?great?importance?was?attached?to?the?social?and?educational?roleof?sport?as?well?as?to?various?regional?policies?relevant?to?sport.?Sport?now?concernsindirectly?many?community?policies,?such?as?health?(doping),?youth …” „… of?sport …” „… ?as?well?as?the?need?for?its?notional?definition.?Besides,?this?choice?of?theWhite?Paper?contributes?to?the?national?unity?of?the?approach?and?the?eliminationof?different?approaches.?Also,?it?expresses?volition?of?the?gradual?formation?of?aEuropean?concept?of?sport.Sport and EU …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law and 2004 Olympic Games S. 178-181

„… . Sensitizing?the?educational?institutes?and?sporting?organizations?about?the?cooperation?given?the?importance?of?sport?as?a?social?phenomenon?and?its?greatappeal?to?all?the?social?scales?and?particularly?to?the?youth.2 …” „… democracy,?as?long?as?it?claims?to?be?a?participial?one,?can?do?nothing?but?attachemphasis?on?the?sporting?phenomenon.The?European?dimension?of?sport …” „… isk.?The?Europeanparticipial?democracy?can?respond?creatively?to?this?problem,?by?combining?themutual?demands?of?the?two?poles?and?embracing?the?phenomenon?of?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement S. 80-82

„… and?the?athletes?are?increasingly?struggling?for?their?civil?rights.The?Olympic?Charter?clearly?mentions?that?the?goal?of?the?Olympic?movementis?the?creation?of?a?peaceful?and?better?world?through?the?youth?education?via?sport,which? is? exercised? without? any? form? of? discrimination? and? according? to? the107 …” „… rulesA?basic?desire?of?the?creators?of?the?Olympic?Movement?was?its?institutional?autonomy.?At?that?time?the?states?had?no?interest?in?the?amateur?sport …” „… ividuals?regardless?of?their?origins?or?derivation.?Indeed,?it?isindicative?of?the?Olympic?Movement?the?creation?of?anonymous?heroes?in?nationaland?international?level?via?sport?and?not?bloody?wars.?The?Olympian?became?gradually?as?the?20th?century?went?b …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The tickets selling matter and the competition rules S. 196-198

„… rulesOne?of?the?essential?components?of?organizing?sport?events?is?the?ticketing?system.Usually?implemented?by?the?Organizing?Committees?(OC),?it?is?not?unusual?thatthese?agreements?contravene?EC?Law.424In?the?Italy?1990?World?Cup,?the?OC?entered?into?a?w …” „… AssociadosProvided?by?World?Services?Group?Ticket?Arrangements?for?Sport?Events?and?EC?LawPublished?April?20,?2006?–?Portugal.196 …” „… llywould?not?be?offered;?(ii)?applicants?not?eligible?to?get?tickets?would?only?be?reimbursed?after?the?tournament,?and?a?non-refundable?fee?of?5?euros?for?presumed“administrative?costs”?would?be?retained.Sport and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233499

Julie M. Stamm - The Brain on Youth Sports

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Julie M. Stamm

The Brain on Youth Sports

2021

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Part IV: The Future of Youth Contact Sports S. 137-170

„… opportunity for all kids in youth sports.ENSURE ALL KIDS HAVE ACCESS TO SAFE SPORTSAll children should have …” „… Part IVThe Future of Youth Contact Sports139Chapter FourteenHow We Can Change Contact Sportsto …” „… play youth sports.WITHOUT CHANGE, THE FUTURE LOOKS GRIMParticipation in youth tackle football has …”

Part I: Youth Sports: The Wins and the Losses S. 1-26

„… referring to tackle football.3Chapter OneWhy We Should Care aboutRepetitive BrainTrauma in Youth SportsThe …” „… mother’s wishes is absurd, but it happensall too often in the world of youth sports.Kids can have a lot of …” „… repetitive braintrauma in youth sports with a seven-second video from a youth footballpractice.2 The athletes …”

Part III: Bad Arguments for Maintaining the Status Quo in Youth Contact Sports S. 87-136

„… youthathletes.IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS WITH SAFETY-RELATEDRULE CHANGES IN YOUTH SPORTSIn many sports, concussions and …” „… Part IIIBad Arguments for Maintaining theStatus Quo in Youth Contact Sports89Chapter NineWhy the …” „… youth contact sports often use these excuses tojustify why their sport is safe to play. This chapter …”

Notes S. 177-212

„… Play: Trends and Developments in Youth Sports,”https://assets.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads …” „… /sports/football/nfl-tries-to-reassure-mothers-as-polls-and-studies-rattle-them.html?login=email&auth=login-email.2. HOW YOUTH SPORTS CAN PROVIDE ALIFETIME OF BENEFITS1. “Study: On Average Child Quits Sports at …” „… 177Notes1. WHY WE SHOULD CARE ABOUT REPETITIVE BRAINTRAUMA IN YOUTH SPORTS1. Bill Simmons and Kevin …”

Part II: The Science: What We Know about Repetitive Brain Trauma in Sports S. 27-86

„… last for months after theinjury.Concussion Risk in Youth SportsConcussion rates have risen across …” „… study the effects ofrepetitive impacts in youth athletes that play other high-risk sports,especially …” „… an NFLProblem, and What It Means forYouth SportsThe only common factor we have that links boxers with …”

Selected Bibliography S. 213-224

„… Education ReducesHead Impact Exposure in American Youth Football.” Orthopaedic Journal of SportsMedicine 3 …” „… /sports/football/nfl-concussions-youth-program-heads-up-football.html.Seichepine, Daniel R., Julie M. Stamm, Daniel H. Daneshvar, David O. Riley, ChristineM. Baugh, Brandon E …” „… . https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr103.Aspen Institute. “2019 State of Play: Trends and Developments in Youth Sports …”

Preface

„… The Brainon Youth SportsThe Brainon Youth SportsThe Science, the Myths, andthe FutureJulie M. Stamm …” „… Cataloging-in-Publication DataNames: Stamm, Julie M., 1987– author.Title: The brain on youth sports : the science, the myths …” „… Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.vContentsPreface: Why I Wrote This Book viiPart I: Youth Sports …”

Index S. 225-232

„… Legacy Foundation, 29,122, 145concussions, 6, 17, 51–52, 62; bikeriding versus youth sports, 90–91;Index …” „… , 19–21,118–119, 149–151; coaches’ role in,150; parents’ role in, 150; skill, 151concussions, youth sports, 52–57 …” „… , 152impulses, 43inaction, 172industry, youth sports, 121industry standards, for safety, 171–172informed …”

Conclusion S. 171-174

„… prove something is unsafe. Itshould be on the industry to prove it is safe.Sports organizations have …” „… that contact sports carry danger forathletes, but the risks were largely ignored. When former athletes …” „… celebrating brutality for the sake of entertain-ment.At the youth level, medical and educational organizations …”

Acknowledgments S. 175-176

„… researchand advocacy contributions made by these men to the field of braintrauma in youth sports are beyond …” „… scien-tists studying this important topic, and all people advocating for safetyin sports. This is important …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538143209