„… common for private persons carrying on business through a company owned by one of them or through family …” „… If there are two or more guarantors, liability may be shared between them or they may be jointly and …” „… the latter has none against the additional guarantor. A guarantee liability can be limited or general …”

„… debtor is irrelevant. However, this general rule is then limited by two exceptions laid down in Art …” „… the specific rules on surety protection can each be attributed to one of two temporal phases. Each of …” „… one of the two contracting parties to a foreign legal order. Usually, it is the weaker party since its …”

„… Similarly, it was disproportionate for a guarantor, the wife of the company’s manager, to stand surety for a …” „… the French Civil Code1 as a person who undertakes to perform an obligation owed by the borrower to …” „… . Parliament and courts have to find a balance between two competing interests: protecting contractual security …”

„… professionals who stand surety for their company’s debts, which is criticised by Fogt. In general, Fogt defends …” „… van Gerven, shed light on two aspects of the theoretical framework of the issue which is the subject …” „… suretyships. In the course of the last two decades, German courts have developed solutions from all three …”

„… persons liable to the same extent as the company. Where the receiver had not used reasonable care, the …” „… consequence that the charge was invalid in the event of the company’s liquidation. Under the terms of the …” „… , owed a duty not merely to the corporate debtor as charge giver but also to the company’s sureties as …”

„… and sole shareholder of a limited company (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung, GmbH) is, as an …” „… manager of a company providing security for his company’s debts is acting as a consumer. The Austrian …” „… instance M. Karollus in his gloss on OGH (2002) JBl, 526, who argues that the position as the company’s …”

„… as connected contracts. This situation occurs when two or more related contracts, though maintaining …” „… are not convinced at all of the dogmatic assumption that a person concluding a contract of suretyship …” „… specified above, this is a situation where two or more contracts having their own identity and independent …”

„… affiliation concerning partnership companies and a limited liability company in German law and will also …” „… (personal limited liability company)” (Japanese Companies Act Art. 575 Clause 1). In: Kenjirô Egashira …” „… , aimed at a limited liability company (Yûgen kaisha) and stock company (Kabushiki kaisha) as a subsidiary …”

„… influence of German law on the content of the former Limited Liability Company Act (Yūgen Kaishahō) enacted …” „… KENKYŪ [Studies in Limited Liability Company Law] 70 (1965); Harald Baum & Eiji Takahashi, Commercial and …” „… for liability for damages in cases where natural persons at the top of a group company (Konzern …”

„… / Yûgenkaishahô Kaisei Shian [Tentative Draft of Amendment to Commercial Law/ Limited Liability Company Law] (1986 …” „… , regulations binding corporate groups through the German Limited Liability Company Law differ from those found …” „… members of a limited liability company, successfully protecting minority shareholders in a subsidiary …”

„… the Code of the Corporate Law of 2005 is referred to as “CC or Company Code”]. Limited Liability …” „… company limited by shares with a stated total amount of 20 billion yen or more in the liability section of …” „… limited liability companies are consolidated into the regulation to companies limited by shares. In the …”

„… Statuten von Delaware gegründete US-amerikanische Limited Liability Company (LLC). SP hielt 10.25 Prozent …” „… börsennotierter Gesellschaften im Besitz natürlicher Personen. Knapp Vierzig Jahre später (1988) sank dieser …” „… Aktiengesellschaft sei durch diese nicht mehr der Kontrolle durch natürliche Personen unterstellt, sondern könne …”

„… limited liability companies (2009/102/EC)■ Directive on Takeover Bids (2004/25/EC)■ Shareholder Rights …” „… company limited by shares 115 (S.A.) under domestic law. Case note on Greek Supreme Court (Areios Pagos …” „… (Corneli/ECB) 105Pantelis Ant. MarkoulisGrounds for nullity of a company limited by shares (S.A.) under …”

„… company’s liability and perhaps that of its directors forthe insufficient compliance setup that enabled the …” „… environmental impactsof the company’s activities in the directors’ decision-making process is not limited to …” „… the company (1) from the liability of its directors (2).1. The liability of the companyGermany made …”

„… reasoning,absolutely void. In other words, it is a one-person “closed” limited liability company.Therefore, the …” „… proprietorship. The shares issued arenotional and belong to the sole founder of the limited liability company …” „… was a party individually and not as a representative ofthe limited liability company that was never …”

„… company law scholars who have analysed the sources know, companylaw gives a broad discretion to corporate …” „… : CompanyLaw, Corporate Governance Codes and the Constitution of the Company’.19 See further B. Sjåfjell, T …” „… company, depending on the corporate governance system of the individual company.ECCL 1/2023 11proper; it …”

„… 2014 the German software firm SAP transformed its legal form from a public limited-liability company …” „… law and/or practice.17Two, logically the elements of employee involvement existing within the company …” „… aworkers’ council and corporate co-determination via participation in the company’s supervisory organ.ECCL …”

„… capitalstrengthening plan to be executed in two stages: (i) issue of Class 2 subordinated bonds(carried out with a …” „… accordance with Article 263(4) TFEU, which states that"Any natural or legal person may, under the conditions …” „… person or which is ofdirect and individual concern to them, and against a regulatory act which is of …”

„… the State – did not lead to the necessary changes in the company boards of public limited liability …” „… person. This is true also in the case of board members elected from the company’s employees, since they …” „… discussions. Under this rule, public limited liability companies in the private sector have to observe gender …”

„… to the effect that dividends would solely be taxed in the company’s hand. Such a credit, however …” „… facts underlying Manninen was not made depending on the shareholder’s but the distributing company’s …” „… distributing company, an effect occurring regardless of the company’s or shareholder’s place of residence. (2 …”

„… property, as it was on two other matters where agreement could not be reached, education and voting rights …” „… consented in the end to a limited and indirect reference to «the general principles of international law». A …” „… right to property is set forth in Article 1 in the following terms: «Every natural or legal person is …”

„… Gesellschafterhaftung für Mehrentnahmenüber die Einlage hinaus auch bei der HGaE offen.Die englische Limited Liability …” „… Partnership als Vorbild im RechtsvergleichIn England wurde mit dem Limited Liability Partnership Act 2000 …” „… im selben Maße wie die englische LimitedCompany1815 eine Rechtspersönlichkeit (corporate personality …”