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Klemens H. Fischer - The Evolution of the EU Treaties

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Klemens H. Fischer

The Evolution of the EU Treaties

2024

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III. Annex S. 377-404

„… Title of the TreatiesThe ToL amends the TEU and the TEC. Accordingly, the Treaties shall berenamed as …” „… Treaties426III.1.1. General Remarks427The Founding Treaties establishing the Communities and …” „… . With regardto the Founding Treaties, however, it should be pointed out that there isa substantial …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… The Evolution of the EU TreatiesKlemens H. FischerFrom the Treaties of Rome to the Conference on …” „… EU TreatiesFrom the Treaties of Rome to the Conference on the Future of EuropeIncluding BREXIT and …” „… Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataFischer, Klemens H. The Evolution of the EU TreatiesFrom the …”

II. The Evolution of EU Policies S. 135-376

„… the principlesInstruments: All legal acts provided for in the TreatiesIntroductionThe issue of foreign …” „… European Union, is the result of numerouscovering treaties, the Lisbon Treaty being the most recent in this …” „… the ECSC Treaty and the Treaties of Rome arepresented as comprehensively as possible from a political …”

I. The Historical Development of European Law S. 19-134

„… signed the Treaties of Rome only because she did notenter into an alliance with Britain. Similarly, there …” „… conferences that led to the verytexts of the Treaties. In the first part, the politico-historical section …” „… , thecircumstances and background of the genesis of the individual treaties arediscussed and placed in the overall …”

Sources and Literature S. 405-410

„… EuropeanTreaties, From Rome to Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice and beyond, London 2002CHURCHILL, Winston S.: The Second …” „… , Kirsten (Eds): Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties– A Commentary, 2nd Edition, Berlin 2018DUFF …”

No title S. 411-422

„… 19Berlin Declaration 2008 on the 50th An‐niversary of the Treaties of Rome 89Berlin Wall 46, 59 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748940777

Aikaterini Titi - The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law

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Aikaterini Titi

The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht

Volume 10 2014

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Index of treaties S. 339-374

„… Index of treatiesBilateral investment treatiesAbkommen zwischen der Regierung der Republik …” „… (US-Singapore FTA)Model bilateral investment treaties[Draft] Agreement between the Government of the United …” „… navigation treatiesTreaty of Amity and Commerce Between the United States and France, signed in Paris,6 …”

Bibliography S. 305-330

„… “Re-Calibrating” Our Investment Treaties?WAMR 4 (2)Alvarez, J. E. (2010b), The Evolving BIT, TDM 7 (1)Alvarez, J …” „… Treaties,TDM 7 (4)Dumberry, P. and Dumas-Aubin (2013), How to Impose Human Rights Obligations onCorporations …” „… Standing of State-Owned Entities under Investment Treaties,in Sauvant, K. P. (ed.), YB on Int’l Inv L & Pol …”

The pre-modern-investment-world regime S. 53-56

„… discrimination within the meaning of Article2.’183Even before the advent of modern investment treaties …” „… investment treaties relate to these antecedent orparallel systems. Subsequently, scontemporary developments …” „… regimeIt is not inapposite to talk of a right to regulate in the era before bilateralinvestment treaties …”

‘Declaratory’ right to regulate S. 111-115

„… provision at least professedly governing such a right, has made its way into a handful of treaties,some …” „… . 92.548 Treaties concerned with reserving policy space often combine an explicit right toregulate with …” „… Pohl, J. (2011), op cit., p. 16, ft. 28) and in newerCanadian treaties (e.g. Art. XVII(2) of the 2009 …”

Introduction S. 19-31

„… Newcombe, A. and Paradell, L. (2009), Law and Practice of Investment Treaties,Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer …” „… Law International, p. 122 et seq.; Salacuse, J. W. (2009),The Law of Investment Treaties, NY: OUP, p …” „… agreement’ (IIA) is employed in a broad sense tocomprise not only international investment treaties but also …”

The right to regulate and the contingent standards of treatment: most-favoured-nation treatment and national treatment S. 126-143

„… European treaties generally applyto both standards; this is, for example, the case of the German Model BIT …” „… standards, they do not embody these within the respective articles653. Some treaties contain MFN-specific …” „… isfound in these, the North American, treaties that as a rule cover the preestablishment phase655: the …”

The right to regulate and provisions on compensation for losses S. 166-169

„… discussion881.The right to regulate and provisions on compensation for lossesSome treaties contain specific …” „… conflicts and their effects on treaties, see International Law Commission(2011), Effects of Armed Conflicts …” „… on Treaties (including Draft Articles on theEffects of Armed Conflicts on Treaties), in Report of the …”

Arbitration as a perceived threat to state regulatory freedom S. 67-72

„… conflictiveinterests and its relationship to the underlying investment treaties.An example from North American BIT …” „… concerns regarding hoststate regulatory freedom and its relationship to investment treaties. A perceived …” „… Lavranos, N. (2010), Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and EU Law, ESIL Conference 2010 …”

Policy space as a remedy to a systemic imbalance S. 72-75

„… continuation of the protection system put in place through investment treaties.Underlying this theme, a …” „… generation bilateral investment treaties are imbalanced instruments292.They are born from a need to protect …” „… . and Juillard, P. (2001), Bilateral Investment Treaties in the Context of Investment Law, OECD …”

Positive language S. 104-111

„… may dispose ofpositive language on regulatory interests incorporated in investment treaties.Strictly …” „… professedly governing such a right, has made its way into a handful of treaties,some stretching back to the …” „… treaties, varying the protectedpublic interests and often focusing on labour and, especially, the …”

Limiting the scope of investment protection S. 35-40

„… and Investment Treaties:Worlds Apart or Two Sides of the Same Coin? AJIL 102 (1), p. 64. Cf …” „… of the definition of investment, see UNCTAD (2007b), Bilateral Investment Treaties 1995-2006: Trends …” „… pertains to the issue of investment legality95. Some treaties explicitlyprovide definitions that comprise …”

International peace and security S. 90-94

„… obligationsarising out of investment treaties and the state shall not have to comply withthe latter430. Viewed from …” „… beneficiaries of investment treaties. This approach is also indirectly endorsed in the literature, where the …” „… contextof the UN. This explanation is buttressed by letters of submittal of US treaties432 E.g. see wording …”

Is an explicit treaty-based right to regulate harmful to regulatory freedom? S. 294-296

„… jurisprudence on the right to regulate294their absence from earlier treaties1604. The argument holds not only …” „… constantly updating their treaty portfolio. But revision of older generation treaties does not take place …” „… born from thelacuna occasioned when a right to regulate is inserted only in some treatiesor in respect …”

Public order (ordre public) S. 94-99

„… laws466. SomeUS treaties specify that public order includes ‘measures taken pursuant to a456 …” „… incorporated in investment treaties. For example, the 2009 ASEAN CIA, Norway’s DraftModel BIT and a number of …” „… order.Public order has a close affinity to national security450 and some treatiesinclude both interests within …”

List of principal abbreviations S. 15-18

„… Int’l L Virginia Journal of International LawVCLT Vienna Convention on the Law of TreatiesVJTL …”

The clausula rebus sic stantibus and bribery S. 272-273

„… Law of Treaties as a ground potentially invalidating state consent to beC.1496 See Article 53 VCLT and …” „… . (2012), Investment Treatiesand Investor Corruption: An Emerging Defense for Host States? Va J Int’l L …”

Taxation S. 211-216

„… , and so they are typically excluded from IIAcoverage1145. The majority of investment treaties either …” „… sovereignty,addressing taxation in relevant treaties and granting privileges in return forconcessions1149. The analysis …” „… of Taxation under Modern Investment Treaties, in Muchlinski, P., Ortino, F. and Schreuer, C. (eds …”

Ius cogens S. 270-272

„… Vienna Convention onthe Law of Treaties as a ground potentially invalidating state consent to beC.1496 …” „… ; Yackee, J. W. (2012), Investment Treatiesand Investor Corruption: An Emerging Defense for Host States? Va …”

Essential security interests S. 206-211

„… for essential security interests have been conspicuously absent from some European treaties, such …” „… treaties, regularly couched in self-judging language1116. Only rarely do they take the form of general …” „… standards of treatment1118 or to disputesettlement provisions1119, and some treaties entirely exclude from …”

The right to regulate and the preamble S. 115-122

„… Convention on the Law of Treaties573, the preamble may constitute an important interpretative tool574 at the …” „… Dolzer, R. and Stevens, M. (1995), Bilateral Investment Treaties, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, p. 20 …” „… Sachs,L. E. (eds), The Effect of Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment: Bilateral Investment Treaties …”

Elimination of the umbrella clause S. 48-50

„… difficult to answer this questionin the affirmative.Nevertheless, treaties seen to be preoccupied with …” „… Charter Treaty’sumbrella clause158. Other new generation investment treaties, such as thirdgeneration …” „… . Conversely, ‘supremely investor-friendly’ treaties162, such as those concluded on the basis of the 1984US …”

Conclusion S. 298-304

„… of bilateral investment treaties and the concomitant weakeningof protections, although exceptional in …” „… mostinternational investment law manuals, legal dictionaries and a very considerable number of investment treaties …” „… bilateral investment treaty world, namely in friendship, commerce and navigation treaties, as in parallel …”

The right to regulate and the free transfer of capital S. 155-164

„… liquidation of an investment or a part thereof804. Atthe same time, a substantial number of treaties contain …” „… plurilateral treaties, so much inotably in the NAFTA826, some Asian economic partnership agreements827, the …” „… 1997, para. 10. But contrast the Frenchand UK Model BITs and treaties concluded by these two countries …”

The right to regulate and expropriation S. 148-155

„… right to regulate in IIAs148compensation770. By the same token, and while a number of treaties …” „… ) Colombian ModelBIT, Article IX(3)(c) BLEU-Colombia BIT. The Canadian and Colombian ModelTreaties offer …” „… . Analogousprovisions exist in other treaties that omit the ‘except in rare circumstances’proviso784, including …”

Concluding remarks S. 66

„… mode of its incorporation in the EU investment treaties remains speculative at this …” „… prior tothe advent of modern bilateral investment treaties and in parallel orders,namely in WTO law, EU …” „… may provide modelling designs for new treaties; this is namely the issueof the relevance of WTO …”

Clarifications and interpretative statements S. 42-45

„… interests andthe regulatory tasks of public authorities’.While EU Member State investment treaties have …” „… .), International Investment Law and Arbitration: Leading Cases fromthe ICSID, NAFTA, Bilateral Treaties and …” „… examined as an exception134.Clarifications aside, some treaties provide for a binding interpretive …”

Developments at the collective level: the right to regulate and European investment agreements S. 62-66

„… Commission, which suggested that EU investment treaties should safeguard the parties’ policy space in the way …” „… mode of its incorporation in the EU investment treaties remains speculative at this …” „… prior tothe advent of modern bilateral investment treaties and in parallel orders,namely in WTO law, EU …”

General regulatory clauses and the public interest (‘General exceptions’ modelled after Article XX GATT or the right to regulate by subject: the public interest) S. 173-188

„… making their way in new treaties913. The ensuing discourse proceeds in two stages: first, it explores …” „… treaties916, but are increasinglyto be found in free trade agreements and sectoral or other economic …” „… , predictably, in the CETA923. A comparable approach adoptedby some other treaties, typically FTAs, is that of …”

Exceptions versus reservations S. 50-52

„… reluctance to endorse umbrellaclauses in newer treaties, there appears to exist no direct connection …” „… reservation is defined by the Vienna Convention on theLaw of Treaties (VCLT) as:‘a unilateral statement …” „… treaty. Furthermore, reservations in the VCLT sensebecome pertinent especially in multilateral treaties …”

General S. 195-201

„… its essential securityinterests1061.Some investment treaties, while enshrining security interests in …” „… in US practice is reflectedin treaties concluded after the ICJ’s Nicaragua Judgment, namely, as …” „… the US-Argentina BIT, these later treaties either contain language that explicitly indicatesthe …”

The right to regulate and the fair and equitable treatment, the minimum standard of treatment and full protection and security S. 143-148

„… are a little less difficult to come by. Especially, treaties concludedby BLEU provide exceptions to …” „… . (2008), Investment Treatiesand General International Law, ICLQ 57, p. 382-383. See further Chapter XI …”

Cultural exception, exception for cultural policy and the investment law context S. 224-233

„… , and it is one of the few and far between exceptions consistentlyto be found in these treaties1227. The …” „… exception for cultural and linguistic diversity in French investment treaties is in certain respects a sui …” „… in its actionunder other provisions of the Treaties, in particular in order to respect andto promote …”

The right to regulate: what’s in a name… S. 32-35

„… sees fit. International law and, more crucially for the right to regulate context, investment treaties …” „… December 1962.63 Dolzer, R. (2005), The Impact of International Investment Treaties on …” „… Application of Non-Precluded Measures Provisions in Bilateral Investment Treaties, Va J Int’l L 48, p. 388 …”

Doing away with investor-state dispute settlement S. 45-48

„… of [investment] treaties and an important institutional ar-4.135 Article 33(1) Canadian Model BIT …” „… commitments in its IIAs. Somenew investment treaties do away with investment arbitration in a generalfashion …” „… regulate per se, it is difficult to answer this questionin the affirmative.Nevertheless, treaties seen to …”

Regulation in the public interest S. 99-103

„… chapeau494.The practice of including public interests in new generation treaties, especially in clauses …” „… Investment Treaties? Pragmatic Guidelines for the Amendment ofBITs, in Sauvant, K. P. (ed.), YB on Int’l Inv …” „… Union, annexed to the Treaties.502 Article 167 TFEU.503 Article 168 TFEU.V. Types of regulatory …”

Index S. 375-376

„… seq.Force majeure 94, 168, 237, 241,257-258Friendship, commerce and navigation treaties 53 et seq.Full …” „… generation investment treaties27, 49, 66, 101, 128, 150, 303Nexus requirement 190 et seq.Non-lowering of …”

The standard of review of self-judging clauses S. 201-202

„… ‘good faith’ controlis still required1088. Excepting treaties that bar recourse to arbitration …” „… suntservanda principle, as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law ofTreaties, to the effect that ‘[e]very …”

The right to regulate and performance requirements S. 164-166

„… operationsin the host state864. Although the majority of investment treaties are silenton the issue of …” „… discussion881.The right to regulate and provisions on compensation for lossesSome treaties contain specific …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… dueto Lars Markert, whose article ‘The Crucial Question of Future InvestmentTreaties: Balancing …” „… Bibliography 305Index of cases 331Index of legislation 337Index of treaties 339Index 375Table of Contents13 …”

WTO law, EU law and the European Convention on Human Rights S. 56-58

„… – contrasted to a common laissez-faireliberalism of old generation investment treaties192 – attempts to …” „… morality andB.192 See Kalderimis, D. (2010), Investment Treaties and Public Goods, TDM 7(1), p. 6,16. See …”

Necessity S. 237-257

„… aware of some of their peculiarities. It is noted, inparticular, that although one of the treaties under …” „… ), Interpreting Investment Treaties: Experiences and Examples, in Binder, C., Kriebaum, U., Reinisch, A …” „… ), ChangedCircumstances in Investment Law: Interfaces between the Law of Treaties and theLaw of State Responsibility with …”

General remarks S. 169-173

„… , one that appears to be rapidly gainingmomentum, with such clauses making their way in new treaties913 …” „… until now remainedcomparatively scarce in bilateral investment treaties916, but are increasinglyto be …”

Essential security interests and access to strategic industries S. 84-88

„… sensitiveindustries in treaties that do cover the pre-establishment phase, result in396 UNCTAD (2009a), op cit., p …” „… under Investment Treaties, in Sauvant, K. P. (ed.), YBon Int’l Inv L & Pol 2010-2011, NY: OUP.401 Cohen …”

The nexus requirement S. 190-195

„… treaties but also within one andthe same agreement. A pertinent illustration is offered by the 2005 …” „… to preserve publicorder’, etc.1020, while investment treaties concluded by China and …”

Concluding remarks S. 233-234

„… treaties by virtue of customary law defences.IX. The right to regulate by subject234 …”

Force majeure and distress S. 257-258

„… . and Billa, B (2008), Treaties and National Security,NYU J Int’l L & Pol 40, p. 443.1399 Article 23(1 …”

Considerations for cultural policy outside the stricto sensu investment context S. 222-224

„… international investment treaties, considerations forcultural policy have been present in the international …”

General observations S. 123-125

„… the first BIT between Germany andPakistan621 and have consistently appeared in investment treaties …”

Concluding remarks S. 288-290

„… are naturally raisedfor other treaties that, like the French Model BIT, do not contain …”

The exception for cultural diversity S. 219-222

„… policy outside the stricto sensu investmentcontextOutside the system of international investment treaties …”

The protection of essential security interests in the absence of an express treaty-based right to regulate S. 290-293

„… interests? The same questions are naturally raisedfor other treaties that, like the French Model BIT, do not …”

Introduction S. 216-219

„… s’appliquent pas aux questions fiscales’, Article5 French Model BIT. For other examples in French treaties, see …”

Circumstances of extreme emergency S. 94

„… order.Public order has a close affinity to national security450 and some treatiesinclude both interests within …”

Are explicit treaty exceptions necessary to reserve policy space? S. 293-294

„… when a right to regulate is inserted only in some treatiesor in respect of some aspects of investment …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251783

Christian Calliess - Herausforderungen an Staat und Verfassung

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Christian Calliess (ed.)

Herausforderungen an Staat und Verfassung

Series: Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft

Volume 100 2015

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Christian Tomuschat Peace Treaties and Jus Cogens S. 339-359

„… International Law and Peace TreatiesExternal RequirementsUnder the general law of treaties as reflected today in …” „… .1.24 See Corten, in: Corten/Klein (eds.), The Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties.A Commentary …” „… Peace Treaties and Jus CogensChristian Tomuschat*IntroductionOne day every war comes to its end …”

Jörg Reinbothe Die Rolle der Europäischen Union in den internationalen Abkommen zum Schutz des Urheberrechts S. 304-327

„… EU-Mitgliedstaaten ohne Bedingungen Vollmitglieder des TRIPs-Abkommen wurden.Die WIPO „Internet Treaties“Ursprünge …” „… . http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ShowResults.jsp?lang=en&treaty_id=2, zuletzt abgerufen am 21.10.2014.3 Berner Übereinkunft zum Schutz von Werken der Literatur und …” „… 14.7.1967 hat zurzeit 188 Mitglieder; vgl. http://www.wipo.int/treaties …”

Jürgen Bröhmer Some Remarks on the Decision of the International Court of Justice in the Case of Germany v. Italy S. 44-64

„… compensation. Among them are generalreparation payments4 made by Germany, bilateral treaties5 and also the …” „… Transnational Law 2011,pp. 1105 (1007 et seq.).5 See, for example the 1961 the two treaties between Germany and …” „… Italy of 2.6.1961referred to in para. 24-5 of the ICJ’s judgment (see fn. 1). Whether these treaties …”

Rüdiger Wolfrum The Impact of Article 300 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Jurisdiction of International Courts and Tribunals S. 383-392

„… in Article 26 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.10 It reads: „Every treaty in force is …” „… rights is well reflected in national legal systems, explicit references to it in international treaties …” „… arisingeither from treaties or from the general law”. As noted by Alexandre Kiss,a State commits an abuse of …”

Jörg Polakiewicz Mobile, Counterpoint or Pyramid – The Interaction Between National and European Courts in Human Rights Protection S. 1050-1088

„… Court of Justice of the European UnionAccording to the CJEU, the EU Treaties are by nature …” „… of the draft accession agreement withthe EU treaties as a call for concern.Other CJEU judgments, for …” „… (Amsterdam 1985)- Extradition, S. 222-229- Extradition Treaties, S. 229-231South Africa´s Non-Aggression …”

Burkhard Hess Die Legitimationskrise der Investitionsschiedsgerichtsbarkeit S. 163-175

„… Schiedsgerichte auf der Basis von bilateralen Investitionsschutzverträgen (bilateral investment treaties, BIT …” „… Place of Investment Treaties in International Law, 2013, S. 77 ff.Burkhard Hess164politischen Debatte in …”

Stefan Weber Creditor Bail-in Tools to Avoid Bankruptcy Liquidation of Financial Institutions and the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard S. 360-382

„… of investors, such as shareholders orcreditors. Most bilateral investment treaties („BIT”) grant …” „… state in legislation, treaties, decrees licensesand contracts. An arbitrary reversal of such …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… claims anddebts“) aus Völkerrechtsverletzungen 328Georg RessPeace Treaties and Jus Cogens 339Christian …”

Richard Kreindler Justifications, Excuses and Defenses in the Case of Corruption and Bribery S. 213-225

„… being madewith increasing frequency by both claimant and respondent. Also, investment treaties …”

Armin von Bogdandy Lateinamerikanisches Verfassungsrecht als Transformationsprojekt S. 25-43

„… Constitutionalism: Onthe Constitutional Rank of Human Rights treaties in Latin America through Nationaland …”

Thomas Giegerich Verfassungshomogenität, Verfassungsautonomie und Verfassungsaufsicht in der EU: Zum „neuen Rechtsstaatsmechanismus“ der Europäischen Kommission S. 499-542

„… späteren Änderungen abrufbar unter http://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_A-41 …” „… Abs. 4 WÜRVGiegerich, in: Dörr/Schmalenbach (Hrsg.), Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 2012 …”

Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg The Exasperating Debate on the Legality of Unmanned Systems – Time for a Realistic Approach S. 145-162

„… treaties24 and there is no authoritativeoverall definition that would include unmanned seagoing vehicles …”

Anne Peters The Crimean Vote of March 2014 as an Abuse of the Institution of the Territorial Referendum S. 278-303

„… basisof international treaties between the concerned states. The second type weredecolonisation …”

Iris Canor National Constitutional Identity and Ordre public: An Intradisciplinary Analysis of European Constitutional Law and European Private International Law S. 475-498

„… internationalization is often achieved by theart of drafting international treaties on specific subject matters which …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845254319

Jonas Attenhofer - The Application of UN Charter Chapter XI to Military Occupations

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Jonas Attenhofer

The Application of UN Charter Chapter XI to Military Occupations

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 318 2022

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Table of Treaties S. 13-14

„… Table of TreatiesAmerican Convention on Human Rights ‘Pact of San José, Costa Rica’(22 January 1969 …” „… December 1978) 1125UNTS 3.13Table of TreatiesRome Statute of the International Criminal Court (17 July 1998 …” „… Treaties (23 Au-gust 1978) (entered into force 6 November 1996) 1946 UNTS 3.Vienna Convention on the Law of …”

Contributions to Collections S. 183-191

„… Treaties(Oxford University Press 2019).Joyner CC, ‘Coercion’ in R Wolfrum (ed), The Max Planck Encyclopediaof …” „… Application of In-vestment Treaties to Occupied Territory’ in K Fach Gómez, A Gour-gourinis, and C Titi (eds …” „… Commentary(1st edn, Oxford University Press 2015).Aust A, ‘Treaties, Territorial Application’ in R Wolfrum …”

Military Occupation S. 23-96

„… Law (n 13) 75-76.23 See John Quigley, ‘The Israel-PLO Interim Agreements: Are They Treaties?’(1997 …” „… Treaties and their Interpretation’ in EvaRieter and Henri de Waele (eds), Evolving Principles of …” „… inter-ests of third States are especially relevant, since a boundary is permanent (Shaw,‘Boundary Treaties …”

Articles S. 192-197

„… Vacui: Or Why Investment TreatiesShould Apply to Illegally Annexed Territories’ (2016) 33(3) Journalof …” „… ) 57(4) Indiana Law Journal 567.Dennis MJ, ‘Application of Human Rights Treaties Extraterritorially …” „… Comparative Law Quarterly 537.Quigley J, ‘The Israel-PLO Interim Agreements: Are They Treaties?’(1997) 30(3 …”

UN Charter Chapter XI: Non-Self-Governing Territories S. 97-176

„… customary international law.535VCLTSection 3. Interpretation of TreatiesArticle 31. General Rule of …” „… Application of Investment Treaties to Occupied Territory’ in Katia FachGómez, Anastasios Gourgourinis, and …” „… as coercive andtherefore void (Art 52 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna, 23May 1969 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… (SNSF).ContentsTable of Cases 9Table of Treaties 13Table of Materials 15UN Documents 15Other Materials 19Introduction …”

Books S. 179-182

„… I, The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2nd edn, Manch-ester University Press 1984 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748935544

Kristina Janusauskaite - Implementation of the EU Enforcement Directive in the Baltic Countries

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Kristina Janusauskaite

Implementation of the EU Enforcement Directive in the Baltic Countries

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 7 2010

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International Treaties S. 241

„… 241 § 7 Annex I: International, EU and National Legislation A. International Treaties Berne …” „… treaties signed by the Baltic countries and other countries: at …”

The period of substantial changes of IP rights protection (1990/1991 – 1994) S. 39-46

„… international treaties, including treaties related to intellectual property rights, as well as for the national …” „… Copyright which was based on the international intellectual property treaties. However, due to increasing …” „… international treaties on IP protection In the five to seven year period following the declaration of the …”

European Union Legislation and Preparatory Acts S. 241-242

„… 241 § 7 Annex I: International, EU and National Legislation A. International Treaties Berne …” „… treaties signed by the Baltic countries and other countries: at …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… new national IP legislation 39 2. Adherence to the international treaties on IP protection 43 …” „… Annex I: International, EU and National Legislation 241 A. International Treaties 241 B. European …”

Before World War II (1918 – 1940): the origins of modern national IP legislation S. 31-36

„… became members of the most important international treaties on IP rights valid at that time during their …” „… international treaties during the period 1918/1919-1940/1941. 51 The overview is mainly focused on the …”

Index S. 257-262

„… international standards 9, 22, 42, 83, 87, 214 international treaties 7, 30, 39, 41, 42, 43, 127, 214 IP …”

Concluding remarks S. 211-213

„… ’ accession to the listed international treaties in supra § 3B.III.2. …”

Substantial reforms in the field of enforcement of IP rights regarding the implementation of acquis communautaire S. 46-48

„… Treaties and the TRIPS Agreement was very much applauded by the local and foreign right-holders wishing to …”

The scope of the application of the Enforcement Directive S. 126-134

„… international obligations assumed by the Member States under the international treaties in the field of IP …”

Other sanctions for IP infringements in view of Article 16 of the Directive S. 213-222

„… treaties in supra § 3B.III.2. 214 The implementing legislation on IP rights in Lithuania refer that …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845226934

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