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Vincent F. Cotter - Leaning into the Future

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Vincent F. Cotter

Leaning into the Future

2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

The Process of Transformation S. 45-82

doi.org/10.5771/9781475864052

Ina Wiesner - Importing the American Way of War?

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Ina Wiesner

Importing the American Way of War?

Reihe: Militär und Sozialwissenschaften | The Military and Social Research

Band 48 2013

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

The Transformation Planning Guidance Process S. 34-35

„… 34 process – with which to monitor and steer the transformation in the services. The acronym TPG …” „… efforts in the Strategic Transformation Appraisal. Although it was feared that the TPG-process would …” „… of the transformation process, but also had partially ignored tasks issued in the TPG. According to …”

The Office of Force Transformation S. 33-34

„… continuing process. It does not have an end point. Transformation anticipates and creates the future and …” „… transformation roadmap process” (U.S. Department of Defense 2003: 12). The OFT developed a formal policy process …” „… – the TPG-34 process – with which to monitor and steer the transformation in the services. The acronym …”

The New Administration and the Transformation Agenda S. 31-33

„… concepts (Krepinevich 2002). Furthermore, transformation was defined as a continuous process of constant …” „… open-ended process of continuous adaptation (Office of Force Transformation 2003: 8): “First and foremost …” „… , transformation is a continuing process. It does not have an end point. Transformation anticipates and creates the …”

Knowledge Acquirement S. 101-111

„… transformation process, he established a specific pro-transformational mind-set among the first foreign officers …” „… ). In this document NEC was made the basis for an ambitious German military transformation project.67 It …” „… chapter traces the NCW adoption process in Germany between 2001 and 2010. Similar to the British case …”

The Cooling Down of the Transformation S. 35-36

„… the Transformation The TPG process did not carry on for long – in August 2005, the DoD stopped the …” „… his illness in 2005, the U.S. military transformation process had lost its two key personnel drivers …” „… thus being personally responsible for the transformation process, it seemed almost inevitable that NCW …”

Implementing NEC in Germany S. 120-127

„… where it partly contradicted the original aims of the transformation process – improving jointness …” „… continued to exist after the bidding process started, two available systems were identified (the U.S …” „… process to address the challenges of NEC.104 Thus, a number of implementation problems occurred: The …”

The Roots of Network-Centric Warfare S. 25-30

„… Transformation 2003). In the physical domain the application of NCW would lead to networked sensors and shooters …” „… innovation of the NCO Conceptual Framework (NCO CF), which was drafted by the Office of Force Transformation …” „… a-historic and presumably equip the reader with a false belief about the NCW diffusion process. To be sure …”

NEC in Germany: Concluding Remarks S. 127-130

„… 127 Chief of Federal Armed Forces Staff changed internal decision-making processes or established …” „… published a paper entitled The Influence of RMA and Net-Centric Operations on the Transformation of the …” „… edited volume that sought to compare the various military transformation projects in selected European …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… ........................................... 33 2.4.5 The Transformation Planning Guidance Process ........................ 34 2.4.6 The …” „… ...................................................... 16 2 Network-Centric Warfare and U.S. Military Transformation ...................... 19 2.1 …” „… . Military Transformation Project ............................................... 30 2.4.1 The …”

The Transformation Rhetoric S. 30-31

„… tied to the U.S. military transformation since 2001. Thus, the next section describes how NCW took off …” „… and quickly became a pillar of the military transformation during the term of Secretary of Defense …” „… Donald Rumsfeld (2001–2006). 2.4 The U.S. Military Transformation Project 2.4.1 The Transformation …”

Utilising NCW as NEC in Germany S. 111-120

„… process is very much concept driven. Other countries follow a more pragmatic and hands-on transformation …” „… outlined a profound military transformation of the Bundeswehr. The aim was to “improve the mission …” „… considered important for this transformation, as “achieving this ability is a core element of the …”

U.S. Military Transformation S. 31

„… concepts (Krepinevich 2002). Furthermore, transformation was defined as a continuous process of constant …” „… 31 When U.S. military transformation took off in 2001, proponents and supporters pointed at a …” „… number of specific features that would distinguish the transformation project from a mere modernisation …”

On the Prominence of NCW S. 37-38

„… Transformation was determined to implement NCW into the individual services. It used the TPG process that is …” „… 37 2.4.8 On the Prominence of NCW NCW was a cornerstone of the U.S. military transformation …” „… “Transformation Czar” (quoted in Binnendijk 2002: xix), and Arthur Cebrowski, father of NCW and also “the prime …”

Implementing NCW S. 38-40

„… Transformation was determined to implement NCW into the individual services. It used the TPG process that is …” „… of the concept) and a beacon project for the transformation as it provided a tangible concept to the …” „… otherwise rather fuzzy idea of a military transformation. NCW was thus simply better suited to activate …”

References S. 147-164

„… in the Diffusion Process. Journal of Marketing Research, 12: 1, 12–18. Baxter, Robert (2005): Ned …” „… Forces: Military Transformation in the Bundeswehr. In: Terriff, Terry/Osinga, Frans P. B./Farrell, Theo …” „… (Eds.): A Transformation Gap? American Innovations and European Military Change. Stanford, CA: Stanford …”

NCW and the U.S. Military Transformation S. 36-37

„… the transformation process, it seemed almost inevitable that NCW would have some role to play in the …” „… put into practice with the troop surge in 2007. 2.4.7 NCW and the U.S. Military Transformation …” „… Usually, there are three broad major changes associated with the current wave of military transformation …”

Specific Issues S. 46-48

„… the debate, though whether they lose in the shaping of the process of U.S. military transformation is …” „… cultures, doctrines and command processes, which were simply too different to force them into a joint …” „… transformation, not only found that the NCW advocates were largely ignorant of already existing military …”

Diffusion Processes: Dissemination and Adoption S. 53-54

„… aspects of diffusion. He broke down the diffusion process into different phases, theorised about the …” „… system. He was, furthermore, concerned with uncovering the social communication processes involved in …” „… diffusion by introducing the concept of opinion leadership in diffusion processes. Rogers’ work has inspired …”

Discussion of Research Questions and Argument S. 133-135

„… 2002, Germany has been committed to the NATO transformation process, which also pursued an own NEC …” „… gives incentives to their actions. Thus, the NCW adoption process and its outcomes would be influenced …” „… / Prestige (Incentive) Operational Requirements (Incentive) US Request for Transformation (Incentive) NATO …”

Utilising NCW as NEC S. 76-87

„… process and elaborate on the utilisation of NCW and the conceptualisation of NEC. 4.1.2 Utilising NCW as …” „… was not made the heart of a British military transformation (there was no outspoken transformation …” „… non-military agencies into planning processes). In contrast, based on the ability to share information …”

Conclusion S. 48-50

„… shaping of the process of U.S. military transformation is, of course, another matter entirely” (Gray 2006b …” „… NCW concept and the adoption of NCO as one pillar of the U.S. transformation raised concerns in the …” „… military transformation of Donald Rumsfeld. When his transformation vision was discredited during the Iraq …”

Diffusion of Innovations S. 52-53

„… the literature of comparative politics in which diffusion refers to a process where “policy decisions …” „… al. 2006: 787). In a nutshell, diffusion is the “social process by which an innovation spreads …” „… diffusion process into different phases, theorised about the nature of innovators, early adopters and …”

General Lines of Criticism S. 43-46

„… has not decreased since the U.S. military transformation project dried up; these technologies will …” „… by which it has been made the centre of U.S. Armed Forces’ transformation had put long-hauled …” „… transformation enabled the U.S. to wage war against a 4GW enemy (Hammes 2004: 205): “In sum, Information-Age …”

NCW Adoption Patterns Compared S. 131-132

„… during the late 1990s and, in 2001, became the cornerstone of a profound military transformation that was …” „… the adoption processes between Britain and Germany. The main argument of this study is that these …” „… the process of introducing NCW since 2001 and 2003, respectively, the UK belongs to the group of …”

Relevance and Structure of the Book S. 16-18

„… in the processes of NCW adoption had been analysed. Of lesser importance had been newspaper articles …” „… Transformation Centre (March–April 2010, November 2011). 1.5 Relevance and Structure of the Book Studying the …” „… or contemporary processes of diffusion of military innovations” (Eliason/Goldman 2003: 7). This book …”

Decoupling S. 136-137

„… military transformation project) while, in the UK, NEC remained below public awareness and was considered …” „… transformation agenda while maintaining a rather low combat image at home. As a result, formal policy …” „… digitisation programme structures. 6.7.2 Addressing the Role of the Innovator in Military Diffusion Processes …”

Knowledge Acquirement S. 69-76

„… concerned with the NCW adoption process in the UK between 2001 and 2010. It aims at re-creating the …” „… processes by which the British military became aware of the concept, how the concept was utilised and how it …” „… differs from the U.S. concept. 4.1 The NEC Adoption Process in the UK The introduction of NEC into the …”

Further Assessing the Spread of NCW S. 137-139

„… digitisation programme structures. 6.7.2 Addressing the Role of the Innovator in Military Diffusion Processes …” „… (NBD) the foundation for the Swedish Armed Forces’ modernisation process (Swedish Ministry of Defence …” „… NATO members and non-members as well as NATO itself embraced the U.S. style military transformation by …”

Domains of Warfare and the NCO Conceptual Framework S. 24-25

„… 2000; Office of Force Transformation 2003). In the physical domain the application of NCW would lead to …” „… Force Transformation (OFT), the Command and Control Research Program (CCRP) and other entities of the …” „… process. To be sure, NCW was not invented by Cebrowski, Garstka, Stein or Alberts in an academic ivory …”

Adoption Phases and Stages S. 54-56

„… 54 adoption process has also been called adaptation, borrowing, emulation, imitation or copying …” „… adoption process and should therefore rather be used to distinguish different adoption patterns than to be …” „… process, for example, might ask if and how innovators or opinion leaders actively tried to spread a …”

Substantial Differences S. 132-133

„… Programme Relevance Increasing Military Effectiveness Military Transformation Project Knowledge …” „… Acquisition MoD Structures Entrepreneurship Role of U.S. in Adoption Process Information Sharing Persuasion …” „… The aim of this study, however, was to go beyond the description of the national adoption processes …”

A Word on Methodology S. 15-16

„… events on paper. In the social sciences this method is often coined process tracing. This “important …” „… political outcomes in complex political processes (Checkel 2006, 2008; George/Bennett 2004: ch. 3). The book …” „… in the processes of NCW adoption had been analysed. Of lesser importance had been newspaper articles …”

Sources Used for the Book S. 16

„… in the processes of NCW adoption had been analysed. Of lesser importance had been newspaper articles …” „… Transformation Centre (March–April 2010, November 2011). 1.5 Relevance and Structure of the Book Studying the …”

Research Questions and Argument S. 11-14

„… Rumsfeld made NCW a core feature of the U.S. military transformation. U.S. Department of Defense thinking …” „… new processes, such as focusing on interoperability between their single services and between them and …” „… concept diffusion. In the academic literature, diffusion is defined as the “social process by which an …”

Implementing NEC in the UK S. 87-96

„… the acquisition process. In the initial years, the NEC project was embedded in the same structures …” „… study by the Pentagon’s Office of Force Transformation examining the use of blue force tracking (BFT) by …” „… “improvements are required in relation to the Direct, Process and Disseminate elements of the ISTAR chain”.59 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845247908

Peter-Christian Müller-Graff - Kernelemente der europäischen Integration

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Peter-Christian Müller-Graff (Hrsg.)

Kernelemente der europäischen Integration

Reihe: Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V.

Band 100 2020

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Wolfgang Wessels, Christian Raphael Trends in the EU’s transformation process: The European Council as the driver of a vertical fusion process S. 153-172

„… Trends in the EU’s transformation process: The European Council as the driver of a vertical fusion …” „… process Wolfgang Wessels/Christian Raphael The puzzle: How to measure and explain the transformation …” „… process towards a vertical fusion Our Puzzle: An astonishing transformation Researchers of the European …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Vergemeinschaftung 129 Wilfried Loth Trends in the EU’s transformation process: The European Council as the driver of …” „… a vertical fusion process 153 Wolfgang Wessels/Christian Raphael Eiche, Bambus oder Kleinholz? Die …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748905776

Rebecca Gulowski, Michaela Zöhrer - Forschungen für Frieden

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Rebecca Gulowski (Hrsg.), Michaela Zöhrer (Hrsg.)

Forschungen für Frieden

2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Christian Kaunert, Ori Wertman Conflict Transformation and Securitization – the Case of the Oslo Peace Process 1993-1995 S. 143-154

„… Conflict Transformation and Securitization – the Case of the Oslo Peace Process 1993-1995Christian …” „… conflict studies to contrast processes leading to conflict transformation and those that are said to result …” „… Galtung (1995) and Lederach (1997) suggest that conflict transformation is an ongoing process towards …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… “ – Unsicherheit und die Konstruktion Irans als Bedrohung 115Andreas BockConflict Transformation and Securitization …” „… – the Case of the Oslo Peace Process 1993-1995 143Christian Kaunert and Ori Wertman7Postkoloniale …”

Thorsten Bonacker, Stephan Stetter Konstruktivistische Konfliktforschung und reflexive Friedensforschung: Skizze eines konzeptionellen Modells S. 41-66

„… Friedensforschung im Sinne Christoph Wellers ab.Vier zentrale Thesen zur Struktur, Reproduktion und Transformation …” „… wahrscheinlich macht.Zweitens sehen wir ein wesentliches Moment der Reproduktion, aber auch der Transformation …” „… peacebuilding wäre dann die Transformation von antagonistischen hin zu agonalen Identitäten – unter bestimmten …”

Jule Bode, Thomas Nielebock Lernen durch Leere: Lehren in der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung S. 225-266

„… ungeachtet der Interessen anderer durchzusetzen“ (Birckenbach 2018: 65). Dadurch rückt die Transformation der …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748933557

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Nicola Bücker

Europe bottom-up

Reihe: Studien zur Politischen Soziologie. Studies on Political Sociology

Band 21 2012

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

The role of interest, collective identities, and the transformation process S. 252-256

„… the transformation process When asked about their general interest in EU affairs, sixteen participants …” „… citizens’ evaluation of the transformation process in their country, Table 30 displays how the participants …” „… 30: Participants’ general evaluation of the transformation process Positive evaluation Skeptical …”

Discussion: Polish public EU frames, their objects and attitudes S. 148-152

„… indirectly. Besides, the Polish discourses link the country’s transformation process to its EU accession by …” „… Transformation not only criticizes the negative results of the transformation process, such as increased rates of …” „… linked the latter to the country’s transformation process, thereby introducing a typical postcommunist …”

Cognitive EU frames, their objects and attitudes in Poland S. 211-216

„… reflected citizens’ experiences with the transformation process more often than did the Eastern German …” „… linking Poland’s transformation process to its EU accession. This linkage is absent from the Eastern …” „… Europe and the EU’s positive impact on Poland’s transformation from a communist dictatorship to a …”

Public frames in (Eastern) Germany and Poland: a comparison S. 152-158

„… country’s transformation process, thereby introducing a typical postcommunist way of framing the EU to …” „… concerning the transformation process refer to the transition from authoritarian communism to democratic …” „… link the country’s transformation process to its EU accession, thus offering a typical post-communist …”

Post-communist features of public and cognitive EU frames S. 286-287

„… and the subsequent transformation process less often than initially expected. As indicated above, the …” „… transformation process to its EU accession explicitly, as discussed above. Accordingly, we do not find any …” „… ”. Accordingly, only the Polish interviewees related their country’s transformation process to its EU accession …”

Poland and “Europe” after 1989 S. 140-148

„… transformation process (Bachmann 2007). In general, the broad political and societal consensus about the …” „… early EU supporters, Samoobrona also linked Poland’s transformation process to the prospect of EU …” „… . Thereby, Poland’s Successful Transformation from a communist dictatorship to a democratic market economy …”

Consequences and determinants of framing S. 72-76

„… former communist regimes and their subsequent transformation processes. Citizens might then employ these …” „… ). At the same time, not all social groups have experienced the transformation process in the same way …” „… ascribe to the EU via communication processes. In particular, a detailed frame analysis makes apparent the …”

The linkage between cognitive EU frames, EU attitudes, and integration models S. 283-286

„… Eastern Germany refer to the communist regimes and the subsequent transformation process less often than …” „… Poland’s transformation process to its EU accession explicitly, as discussed above. Accordingly, we do not …” „… repertoire”. Accordingly, only the Polish interviewees related their country’s transformation process to its …”

Sociodemographic and regional differences S. 249-252

„… attitudes towards their country’s transformation process, are linked to the occurrence of specific EU frames …” „… gender and age. 10.2. The role of interest, collective identities, and the transformation process When …” „… more often than group 2 Successful Transformation - - Mo.: less often than others - - Professional …”

Appendix S. 295-304

„… Transformation Process in (country) 16. Since 1989 many things have changed in (country). Do you think there are …” „… what we call the process of European integration. Generally speaking, do you think that this process is …” „… integration 23. Successful Transformation 23.1. Societal transformation 23.2. Economic transformation 23.3 …”

List of Tables S. 15-16

„… process 253 Table 31: Participants’ evaluations of three realms of transformation 254 Table 32 …” „… : Participants’ collective identities 253 Table 30: Participants’ general evaluation of the transformation …” „… : Cognitive frames and EU interest, identities, and transformation 255 Table 33: Conditions and outcomes 259 …”

The linkage to previous research S. 219-222

„… least informed about the EU referred to their personal experiences with the transformation process in …” „… Necessity as compared to the Polish frames European Identity and Successful Transformation, it seems that …” „… insights about citizens’ EU framing. As Dakowska states, the issues of Poland’s recent transformation and …”

Constructing the interview schedule S. 83-87

„… guide examines citizens’ experiences with their country’s transformation process (see Hypothesis 6 …” „… insights of previous studies. 4.3. Examining cognitive EU frames: the process of data collection As …” „… transformation might also perceive the EU mainly from an economic perspective, while citizens who are interested …”

Citizens’ EU attitudes in post-communist societies S. 45-48

„… special context of economic transformation. The transformation process has benefited some socioeconomic …” „… transformation of all their societal systems since 1989 and still lack any long-standing experience with the EU …” „… models. Like most of the earlier approaches, these analyses neglect the actual process of attitude …”

“A European Identity” S. 208-209

„… similar way, but explicitly linked his European identity to the transformation process, that is, to the …” „… different from the other continents.” (Female student, Poland, young) 8.5.2. “A Successful Transformation …” „… ” The last frame to which seven Poles referred concerned their country’s Successful Transformation, that …”

Public EU constructions across national contexts S. 279-280

„… , two of the Polish ones link the country’s transformation process to the EU explicitly. These frames …” „… Successful Transformation or Disastrous Transformation respectively. In contrast to the German public frames …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… identities, and the transformation process 252 10.3. Framing the EU: a configurational analysis of its …” „… : definition, structure, and formation processes 31 2.2. Typologies of citizens’ EU attitudes 34 2.3 …” „… cognitive EU frames: the process of data collection 83 4.3.1. Constructing the interview schedule 84 4.3.2 …”

Cognitive frames and their linkage to public frames, EU objects, and EU attitudes S. 216-219

„… the EU’s contribution to the country’s Successful Transformation. At the same time, the Polish …” „… process has been without any alternative after 1945, as the cognitive frames Inherent Necessity and World …” „… , Protection & Power, European Identity, and Successful Transformation express this relationship that I also …”

How citizens frame the EU: national and social variation S. 280-283

„… , and as a driving force of the country’s Successful Transformation or Disastrous Transformation …” „… respectively. In contrast to the German public frames, two of the Polish ones link the country’s transformation …” „… process to the EU explicitly. These frames clearly express Poland’s long accession negotiations with the …”

Research context, research questions, and main findings S. 17-22

„… , Luxembourg Prime Minister)1 Against all odds, the European integration process is moving forward. After the …” „… candidate countries, and four “potential candidates” in 2012.3 The integration process is moving forward …” „… three major premises: (1) citizens’ EU attitudes are crucial to the further integration process; (2 …”

Selection of cases and conditions S. 256-260

„… 256 ipants’ experiences with communism and the subsequent transformation process that became …” „… citizens’ attitudes towards the transformation process from the analysis because these were linked only to …”

Talking about the EU: some general remarks S. 159-161

„… (19,6%) Successful Transformation 0 7 7 (15,2%) Disapp. in Modernization 2 3 5 (10,9%) Imperialistic …” „… World Power 2 1 3 (6,5%) Disastr. Transformation - 1 1 (2,2%) Integration models European Federation 4 …” „… process. 224 The results of the respective median tests can be obtained from the author on request. …”

References S. 305-326

„… ): 409-430. Benford, Robert D., and David A. Snow (2000): "Framing Processes and Social Movements: An …” „… Soviet Bloc to the European Union. The economic and social transformation of Central and Eastern Europe …” „… process of EU integration in Poland," in: Ireneusz Pawel Karolewski and Viktoria Kaina (eds.): European …”

“Protection and Power” S. 207-208

„… European identity to the transformation process, that is, to the loss of his homeland, the former GDR. None …” „… 207 - “Generally speaking, do you think that the European integration process is rather positive or …” „… rather negative?” - “I guess that it slowly changes for the better. I rate this process rather positively …”

Discussion and heuristic hypotheses S. 76-78

„… transformation process. • H4. Citizens frame the EU depending on the public frames they encounter in societal …” „… understanding of the attitude formation process concerning the EU by pointing to the cultural conditionality of …”

Summary of results S. 261-272

„… same holds true for their attitudes towards their country’s transformation process. If one examines …” „… discussed here. The same holds true for participants’ transformation attitudes. The respective data can be …”

Qualitative research S. 287-289

„… study were not primarily occupied with the communist past or the recent transformation process when …”

Discussion: German public EU frames, their objects and attitudes S. 127-132

„… the experiences with communism or the subsequent transformation process. The same holds true for the …” „… Federation and thereby takes a leading position in Europe again. Apparently, the European integration process …”

Frames and framing S. 65-72

„… frame” as “schema” in order to better differentiate cognitive structures from processes of meaning …” „… partly cite Goffman (1974) in their definition. 67 active role of social actors in the process of …” „… the essence of the process of “framing” best: “To frame is to select some aspects of a perceived …”

The deductive coding process: linking public and cognitive frames S. 94-96

„… instrument for coding the entire sample.119 4.4.2. The deductive coding process: linking public and …” „… transformation experiences on the other hand (see Chapter 10). These group comparisons follow the traditional …”

The relevance of citizens’ EU attitudes S. 22-27

„… expanded. One can hardly exaggerate the impact of national referendums on the process of European …” „… process in Europe today. “(...) (W)hile few scholars would argue that European integration is driven …” „… solely by public sentiments, even fewer would argue that public opinion plays no role in the process of …”

The EU’s enlargement and Turkey’s accession S. 240-244

„… should be solved first, such as its cumbersome decision-making processes. While criticism of the EU’s …” „… Transformation. However, it is not possible to decide whether these frames only generate unconditioned EU support …”

The relevance of social milieu S. 272-276

„… transformation process. If one examines several of these conditions in a multivariate analysis, some interesting …”

Cognitive EU frames, their objects and attitudes in Eastern Germany S. 196-204

„… the background of the former GDR or their experiences with the subsequent transformation process.247 …” „… Germany’s role in this process. On the other hand, one has to take into account that the frame World War II …”

Secondary analysis of cognitive frames: frequencies, classifications, and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) S. 96-102

„… transformation experiences on the other hand (see Chapter 10). These group comparisons follow the traditional …” „… processes of data collection and data analysis. As I was mainly interested in the interaction between public …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845244563

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