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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.8 (Payment by funds transfer) S. 608

„… as the obligee provides sufficient coverage.20 Article 6.1.8 (Payment by funds transfer) (1) Unless …” „… the obligee has indicated a particular account, payment may be made by a transfer to any of the …” „… (usually its ‘own’ bank’s) insolvency17 until that paying agent has ‘honoured’ the payment order.18 The …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 3 Transactions between undertakings S. 1321-1333

„… transfer on the due date. Payment was still on time when effected on the last day of the payment period …” „… not obliged to search for other means of payment if payment by transfer was agreed. In Article 9 of …” „… transactions between undertakings, the creditor is entitled to interest for late payment without the necessity …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.9 (Currency of payment) S. 609-610

„… payment of the purchase price without any deductions is often a condition precedent to the transfer of …” „… C. Moment of Discharge of the Obligor Pursuant to para. 2, the obligor has effectuated payment by …” „… transfer or funds when the transfer ‘becomes effective’,6 which has been summarised as “when the obligee’s …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.7 (Payment by cheque or other instrument) S. 606-607

„… ; documents against payment; payment according to letter of credit”27 help to transfer the place of …” „… take a more liberal approach accepting payment via a bank transfer as a ‘fact of life’, often ignoring …” „… “that the place of payment is the obligor’s place of business”26 Agreeements like “cash on delivery …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… UNIDROIT 6.1.7 – by funds transfer UNIDROIT 6.1.8 – by payment order UNIDROIT 6.1.7 3 – by pull order …” „… document and not merely transfer them for examination by the issuing or confirming bank.14 In addition …” „… aware of the transfer of the credit or the amendments made to the transferred credit such presentations …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.12 (Imputation of payments) S. 612-614

„… negotiation.4 The contractual spheres of the parties determine the imputation of costs: (i) Payment by the …” „… taking delivery; and (ii) payment by the obligor of costs related to the duty to pay, e.g. of bank …” „… charges (but, in case of bank transfer, only for the charges taken until the transfer becomes effective …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 37 Effects of assignor’s insolvency S. 1397-1399

„… rights to payment or performance that relate to: (a) a sum advanced and utilised for the purchase of the …” „… “Associated Rights”.3 The Convention only applies to assignments which are effective to transfer an …” „… , therefore, to any kind of transfer by operation of the law. They do not apply to subrogation, whether …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.11 (Costs of performance) S. 612

„… negotiation.4 The contractual spheres of the parties determine the imputation of costs: (i) Payment by the …” „… taking delivery; and (ii) payment by the obligor of costs related to the duty to pay, e.g. of bank …” „… charges (but, in case of bank transfer, only for the charges taken until the transfer becomes effective …”

Stefan Kröll Article 8 Confirming Bank Undertaking S. 1440-1441

„… transferred. The practice that the confirming bank does not transfer drafts drawn up it, as such as transferal …” „… compliance.13 Article 7 (c) clarifies the undertaking in relation to a deferred payment undertaking or an …” „… obligation and the nominated bank could have refused payment at the time of maturity had it not discounted …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.2.8 (Rights related to the obligation transferred) S. 750

„… new obligor all its rights to payment or other performance under the contract in respect of the …” „… the preparatory work for the PECL)1 applies to the the transfer of rights related to obligations …” „… para. 1, the transfer of an obligation under the regime of the UNIDROIT Principles has no impact on the …”

Stefan Kröll Article 38 Transferable Credits S. 1499-1503

„… provisions that make the credit or advise conditional upon payment of charges. Indemnification against …” „… of that laws may have.3 Article 38 Transferable Credits a. A bank is under no obligation to transfer …” „… transfers the credit or, in a credit available with any bank, a bank that is specifically authorized by the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.2.7 (Defences and rights of set-off) S. 748-749

„… Comments, Art. 9.2.7 no. 1, Illustration 1, p. 336 (transfer of a payment obligation; defence for defective …” „… clause restricting the right to subcontract or to otherwise transfer the obligation without consent of …” „… transfer of obligations pursuant to Arts. 9.2.1, 9.2.3 et seq. and (ii) to transfer of obligations which …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.7 (Rights transferred with the contract) S. 759-760

„… performing the transferred obligation remains unchanged. The objections thus transferred with the transfer of …” „… party by way of set-off prior to the transfer of the contract, there is no reason to permit any …” „… retroactive discharging of the transferred obligation after the transfer of the contract. (ii) Para. 2 (in …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.14 (Rights related to the right assigned) S. 738-739

„… demand’-undertaking (including indemnification for legal fees) and/or an ‘agreed payment for non-performance’-clause …” „… under Art. 9.1.15(d),43 and (c) possibly also its undertaking under Art. 9.1.15(a); such ‘agreed payment …” „… the right assigned) The assignment of a right transfers to the assignee: (a) all the assignor’s rights …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.6 (Defences and rights of set-off) S. 757-758

„… , pointing at the Official Comments, Art. 9.2.7 no. 1, Illustration 1, p. 336 (transfer of a payment …” „… anything (other than merely consenting under Art. 9.3.3 as a requirement for the validity of the transfer …” „… extent that the assignment of a contract involves a transfer of obligations, Article 9.2.7 applies …”

Marco Torsello Article 30 CISG S. 156-162

„… documents relating to them and transfer the property in the goods, as required by the contract and this …” „… obligation to transfer property in the goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 VI …” „… . Transfer of property and retention of title …”

Petra Butler Article 55 CISG S. 280-282

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Payment arrangements …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 III. Choice of payment debt …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 IV. Effecting payment …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 6.1.7 606 Payment by funds transfer …” „… UPICC) and the Late Payment Directive. The present volume attempts at exerting the particular strength …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X. 1247 Directive 2011/7/EU on Combating Late Payment in Commercial Transactions . . . . . .XI …”

Stefan Kröll Article 7 Issuing Bank Undertaking S. 1436-1439

„… be considered timely even if the nominated bank only transfers the documents to the issuing bank …” „… presentation, the issuing bank must honour if the credit is available by: i. sight payment, deferred payment or …” „… acceptance with the issuing bank; ii. sight payment with a nominated bank and that nominated bank does not …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.9 (Interest for failure to pay money) S. 689-692

„… ) for payment by funds transfer).20 In contrast, (iii) subject to contract (Art. 1.5), para. 1 …” „… from the time when payment is due to the time of payment whether or not the non-payment is excused. (2 …” „… for the currency of payment at the place for payment, or where no such rate exists at that place, then …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 35 Priority of competing assignments S. 1396

„… apply to an assignment of associated rights which is not effective to transfer the related international …” „… those rights and that interest is bound by the assignment and has a duty to make payment or give other …” „… or identifies the assignee.1 2. Irrespective of any other ground on which payment or performance by …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security S. 1396

„… apply to an assignment of associated rights which is not effective to transfer the related international …” „… those rights and that interest is bound by the assignment and has a duty to make payment or give other …” „… or identifies the assignee.1 2. Irrespective of any other ground on which payment or performance by …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 33 Debtor’s duty to assignee S. 1396

„… apply to an assignment of associated rights which is not effective to transfer the related international …” „… those rights and that interest is bound by the assignment and has a duty to make payment or give other …” „… or identifies the assignee.1 2. Irrespective of any other ground on which payment or performance by …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.2.4 (Judicial penalty) S. 653-654

„… ) in case of payment in the wrong currency payment in the agreed currency may be requested if the costs …” „… of transfer are not out of balance.12 Good faith and fair dealing may require, for example, (a) the …” „… case of insufficient payment, argumentum the reference to Art. 7.2.1 in sentence 2),14 removal of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.2 (Exclusion) S. 753

„… of ‘special rules governing transfers of contract’, Art. 9.3.2).3 The UNIDROIT Principles require …” „… the consent of the ‘other party’, Art. 9.3.3.6 This implies that the transfer becomes effective only …” „… expression ‘transfer’ in Art. 9.3.1 has a double meaning:8 (i) Rights under the contract do leave the assets …”

Stefan Kröll Article 1 Application of UCP S. 1420-1421

„… the banks liability (→ Art. 34-37) and rules on the transfer of credits (→ Art. 38) and the assignment …” „… “payment at sight” in the letter of credit context is, however, not always identical to that in the …” „… pay a certain amount directly (pay at sight) or as a deferred payment or to accept or negotiate a …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.10 (Notice to the obligor) S. 729-730

„… main agreement), the obligor discharges its obligation by performance (i.e. (i) payment or equivalent …” „… . 2 (if it has paid erroneously to its initial obligee, it must pay a second time and recover payment …” „… (including bank account details, if payment ist expected), (iii) specific details of the transferred rights …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… contractual relationship, such as the goods to be delivered, their price, the payment conditions, warranty …” „… variety of aspects of the transaction. One aspect is the transfer of the risk of the goods. Further …” „… the contract B1 Payment of the price A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other …”

Stefan Kröll Article 2 Definitions S. 1422-1426

„… payments, standby letters of credit are since 1998 regulated in a separate set of rules, the International …” „… undertakings, transfers, undertakings to purchase documents or presentations and acceptances. As far as the UCP …” „… pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. 2. to incur a deferred payment undertaking …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.3 (Requirement of consent of the other party) S. 753-754

„… of ‘special rules governing transfers of contract’, Art. 9.3.2).3 The UNIDROIT Principles require …” „… the consent of the ‘other party’, Art. 9.3.3.6 This implies that the transfer becomes effective only …” „… expression ‘transfer’ in Art. 9.3.1 has a double meaning:8 (i) Rights under the contract do leave the assets …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.1 (Conditions of set-off) S. 698-705

„… further and declare a clause on an agreed payment for non-performance as null and void. D. Contractual …” „… clause on an ‘[a]greed payment for non-performance’ (however the parties may call that clause). This …” „… also include the value of the risk of paying the agreed lump sum payment for non-performance (so that …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 10 Remedies of conditional seller or lessor S. 1375-1377

„… taking account of any payment to be made by the chargee to any of the interested persons. 4. At any time …” „… under Article 8(2). Where, after such default, the payment of the amount secured is made in full by an …” „… . These payments may all be counted towards the discharge of the debtor’s obligations. Alternatively, the …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 1 Definitions S. 1367-1368

„… security or otherwise, confers on the assignee associated rights with or without a transfer of the related …” „… international interest; (c) “associated rights” means all rights to payment or other performance by a debtor …” „… a rental or other payment; (r) “national interest” means an interest held by a creditor in an object …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 30 Effects of insolvency S. 1391-1394

„… applicable in insolvency proceedings relating to the avoidance of a transaction as a preference or a transfer …” „… . At the minimum, it means that they should grant a right to preferential payment over the relevant …” „… those avoidance rules targeting preferences or transfers in fraud of creditors, but concedes that those …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.1 (Definitions) S. 715-717

„… transfer of non-monetary rights provides a remarkable and possibly trend setting example.5 By providing …” „… which become subject of a transfer (Art. 9.2.1). In all three scenarios the recipient of the contract …” „… , all three parties affected by an assignment of a contract or a right or a transfer of an obligation …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.6 (Place of performance) S. 604-605

„… rule on place of performance by bank transfer, → Art. 6.1.8 no. 2). Payment of money transaction costs …” „… obligations (whereby Art. 6.1.7 copes with the mode of payment24 and Art. 6.1.8(1) provides a more specific …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 41 CISG S. 214-219

„… seller must transfer unencumbered property and possession in the goods to the buyer,1 regardless of …” „… . Requirements for liability Third party rights Property The transfer of property itself is not regulated by the …” „… confiscated the bus until payment had been received.27 Relevant point in time According to the wording of Art …”

Raimond Emde Article 18 S. 1296-1298

„… commercial agent may also lose his right to payment of indemnity if he refuses to extend a temporary contract …” „… takes the form of an assignment, novation or the legal transaction of a transfer of contract is a matter …” „… received a cash payment for the accession of the third party and the assignment of his customer base and …”

Klaus Ramming Article 13 Bill of lading S. 1030-1032

„… the bill of lading. From a practical point, the purchaser buys the bill of lading against payment of …” „… endorsement. Other forms of transfer of the bill of lading may be an assignment of the rights arising under …” „… the rights arising thereunder is transferred by way of a physical transfer of the property in the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.4 (Partial assignment) S. 720

„… the rights under the contract (or to transfer the entire contract, Art. 9.3.1).13 (iii) The parties to …” „… (→ Art. 9.1.9(2)). Article 9.1.4 (Partial assignment) (1) A right to the payment of a monetary sum may be …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.8 (Obligor’s additional costs) S. 726

„… business (which determines the place of payment, → Art. 6.1.6(1)(a)) in another jurisdiction to which …” „… transfer of money is more costly;9 or (ii) in case of non-monetary rights, if the assignment leads to …”

Stefan Kröll Article 18 Commercial Invoice S. 1466-1468

„… been issued by the beneficiary named in the credit (or the transferee beneficiary in case of a transfer …” „… first beneficiary in case of a transfer pursuant to → Art. 38). Amount stated and currency Furthermore …” „… pre-payments are no ground for refusal of an invoice.11 By contrast, charges, costs and interests must be …”

Peter Csoklich Article 5 S. 912-913

„… cannot be used for the transfer of title;7 however, the CMR consignment note can be used for payments by …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.2 (Limitation periods) S. 765-767

„… the party to perform the act’ (→ Arts. 1.12(2), 6.1.6; e.g. if payment is due, i.e. the obligee’s …” „… , transfer of debts or entire contracts, the winding-up of companies, or unclear third-party beneficiary …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.7 (Price determination) S. 579-581

„… . 5.1.7 UNIDROIT Eckart J. Brödermann 579 1 2 tion;10 not: at the time of performance or of payment), and …” „… the obligor’s share or to transfer its own share of the company to the other party and to receive the …”

Article 25 CISG S. 130-142

„… money transfer. From this background, the fundamental breach as a key requirement for engraving legal …” „… goods, the final non-payment of the purchase price fulfils the requirements of Art. 25 CISG.59 Equal to …” „… a final non-payment is a serious, unjustified and final announcement of non-payment.60 No …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.6 (Restitution with respect to contracts to be performed at one time) S. 669-671

„… the obligor during performing, a down payment or a security). (iii) In case of termination based on …” „… transfer national restitutionary on to the UNIDROIT Principles even if they “appear to be similar at first …”

Peter Mankowski Article 2 CISG S. 20-23

„… 14 The concept of “money” comprises all lawful means of payment, domestic or foreign.15 It does not …” „… ) in fine renders the CISG inapplicable to transfers or exchanges of currencies and currency swaps.16 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.12 (Defences in contributory claims) S. 808-811

„… necessary for the transfer or for the permission to use the obligee’s claim”.20 B. Priority for the Obligee …” „… partial payment (England, note 128)). 24 See Vogenauer/Meier Art. 11.1.11 no. 12-13 (with an example for a …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.1 (Scope of the Chapter) S. 761-764

„… ) becomes itself the new obligor of the obligation involved in the transfer of contract. In such situation …” „… ),22 7.4.13 (agreed payment for non-performance); Art. 9.1.8 (relating to obligor’s (→ Art. 1.11 4th …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.2.2 (Performance of non-monetary obligation) S. 647-651

„… ). 12 Vogenauer/Schelhaas, Art. 7.2.2 no. 2, 17 (mentioning e.g. real estate transfer or lease contracts …” „… case, such as advance payments, foreign exchange problems and the like.45 The exception in lit. d …”

Marco Torsello Article 31 CISG S. 163-174

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Delivery and the transfer of risk …” „… Marco Torsello 165 5 6 7 Delivery and the transfer of risk The rules on delivery set forth in Article 31 …” „… , whereas the place of payment of the price was to be determined in accordance with → Art. 57 CISG.82 The …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… (Arts. 6.1.14–6.1.17), a rule on payment by funds transfer (Art. 6.1.8), a rule on interest rates in …” „… ); non-performance (chapter 7); setoff (chapter 8); assignment of rights, transfer of obligations, assignment of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch - CETA Investment Law

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Marc Bungenberg (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.)

CETA Investment Law

2022

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Patricia Nacimiento Article 8.13 Transfers S. 337-359

„… 8.11 and 8.12; → Art. 8.11 and Art. 8.12), as well as trans-fers of payments of damages pursuant to an …” „… for the transfer of payments. The said period shall commenceon the day on which the request for …” „… forexpropriation in the sense of Articles 8.11 and 8.12 as well as transfers of payments ofdamages pursuant to an …”

Irmgard Marboe Article 8.40 Indemnification or other compensation S. 856-875

„… , limitationson payments and currency transfers, war and civil disturbance, as well as breach ofcontract.81 …” „… overview by theMultilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) gives some orientation:– Transfer and …” „… foreign exchange for transfer outside thehost country. Currency devaluation is not covered.– Expropriation …”

Arnaud de Nanteuil Article 8.14 Subrogation S. 360-373

„… Article 8.14SubrogationIf a Party, or an agency of a Party, makes a payment under an indemnity …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182. ‘A payment under an indemnity, guarantee or contract of insurance’ . . 213. ‘In respect of an …” „… effect is mainly to transfer, undercertain circumstances, the (procedural) rights of the investor to the …”

Ursula Kriebaum Article 8.12 Expropriation S. 297-336

„… non-discriminatory manner; andd. on payment of prompt, adequate and effective compensation.For greater certainty …” „… a normal commercial rate fromthe date of expropriation until the date of payment and shall, in order …” „… compensation would lead to an unjustified wealth transfer from theinvestor’s home State to the expropriating …”

Crina Baltag Article 8.26 Third party funding S. 584-599

„… advances a certain amount to the beneficiary, which is used for the payment ofthe advances on the costs of …” „… of the proceeding’.Art. 8.26 Third party funding590 Crina Baltag161718cover the payment of a …” „… [i.e. that the agreement would not coverthe payment of a possible award on costs against the claimants …”

Irmgard Marboe Article 8.39 Final award S. 826-855

„… payment of damages is made as directly aspossible and avoid any international money transfers. This …” „… about the starting date (date of breach, date on which payment should have beenmade, date of claim or …” „… demand), the terminal date (date of settlement agreement or award, dateof actual payment) as well as the …”

Lori Di Pierdomenico Article 8.15 Reservations and exceptions S. 374-394

„… enterprise] includingdirect or potential transfer of funds, the foregoing of government revenue (such as a …” „… potential transfer of funds, theforegoing of government revenue (such as a tax credit), and the provision of …” „… on a requirement to transfer technology, production process or otherproprietary knowledge (Article …”

Index S. 979-994

„… – Opinion 2/15 8.1 47 ff.Airport Operation Services 8.1 50 ff.– Build-Operate-Transfer 8.1 57– Civil …” „… convertibility 8.14 16Currency inconvertibility 8.40 59 ff.– clauses 8.40 60Currency transfer 8.14 22, 31 …” „… – moral 8.39 74– payment 8.39 61– punitive 8.39 18, 71 ff., 109– recipient 8.39 61De minimis test …”

Stefanie Schacherer Article 8.9 Investment and regulatory measures S. 236-255

„… 8-A) as well as transfers and subrogation (Arti-cle 8.13). In practice, the link between Article 8.9 …” „… Commission declared the pay-ment of compensation under an ICSID award of € 82 million plus interest in favour …” „… ofMr Ioan Micula et al. to be illegal State aid. The Commission ordered Romania not tomake any payments …”

Erman Özgür Article 8.3 Relation to other chapters S. 147-158

„… well as denials of transfers of payments and certain other prohibitions(Articles 1109–1111 and …” „… (Expropriation), 8.13 (Transfers), 8.14 (Subrogation), 8.16 (Denial of benefits), and 8.17 (For-mal requirements …” „… ), 8.11 (Compensation for losses),8.12 (Expropriation), 8.13 (Transfers), or 8.16 (Denial of …”

Marc Bungenberg, Angshuman Hazarika Article 8.1 Definitions S. 43-113

„… , includingprofits, royalties and interest or other fees and payments in kind;selling and marketing of air transport …” „… services mostly as a part of a Build-Operate-Transfer(BOT) Contract.53 Notable among them are Fraport v …” „… and of covered investments (Article 8.10), Compensation for losses(Article 8.11), Transfers (Article …”

Marc Bungenberg, Angshuman Hazarika, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.2 Scope S. 114-146

„… . In practice, casesinvolving financial instruments or payments, which involved no direct activity in …” „… (purchase of security bonds) was not made in its territory because therewas no transfer of money to …”

Katia Fach Gómez Article 8.30 Ethics S. 654-703

„… that a judge could continue to receive financial payments from a state party to the tribunal.While this …” „… strictly limited to a non-contingent, fixed right to payments that has been acquired under lawprior to …”

Marc Bungenberg, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.18 CETA (Scope) S. 434-484

„… (Article8.10), Compensation for losses (Article 8.11), Expropriation (Article 8.12), Transfers(Article 8.13 …” „… . In practice, cases involvingfinancial instruments or payments, which involved no direct activity in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902133

Ralf Thomas Baus, Raoul Blindenbacher, Ulrich Karpen, Ralf Thomas Baus, Raoul Blindenbacher, Ulrich Karpen - Competition versus Cooperation | Wettbewerb versus Kooperation

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Ralf Thomas Baus (ed.), Raoul Blindenbacher (ed.), Ulrich Karpen (ed.), Ralf Thomas Baus (ed.), Raoul Blindenbacher (ed.), Ulrich Karpen (ed.)

Competition versus Cooperation | Wettbewerb versus Kooperation

2007

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Lars Peter Feld, Thushyanthan Baskaran The Swiss System of Fiscal Federalism: Lessons for the German Reform Discussion S. 298-320

„… decentralized redistribution on the cantonal level is difficult to achieve. The level of transfer payments is …” „… governments. In Table 2, the development of interest payments-to-tax ratios for German states is depicted. In …” „… Switzerland and Germany exist with respect to the interest payments-to-tax revenue ratios (Figure 2).8 The …”

Galina Kurlyandskaya Intergovernmental Reform in Russia 2000-2006 S. 283-297

„… cash transfers. The major shared taxes in the 1990s were the Value Added Tax, personal and corporate …” „… governments was payment of child allowances and in-kind benefits to war veterans, invalids and other eligible …” „… government, the amount of an equalization transfer was calculated as the difference between estimated tax …”

Henner Jörg Boehl The 2006 Federalism Reform in Germany S. 72-80

„… , 2006). The Länder may supersede existing federal laws insofar as they directly transfer tasks to the …” „… markets, the law on transfer and lease of agricultural land, re-allocation of land, housing and settlement …” „… to annual transfers from the federal budget in compensation for the current financial assistance …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204796

Ralf Dewenter, Justus Haucap, Christiane Kehder - Wettbewerb und Regulierung in Medien, Politik und Märkten

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Ralf Dewenter (ed.), Justus Haucap (ed.), Christiane Kehder (ed.)

Wettbewerb und Regulierung in Medien, Politik und Märkten

Series: Wettbewerb und Regulierung von Märkten und Unternehmen

Volume 24 2013

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Severin Frank, Wolfgang Kerber Patent Settlements in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Antitrust Perspective S. 385-414

„… payment-settlement have to be created by the settling parties (see Blair & Cotter, 2002, p. 534; FTC Petition for …” „… the patentholder pays large sums to the generic firm raises the suspicion that such "reverse payment …” „… reverse value transfers from the originators to the generic firms (see EC, 2009a, p. 13). The Commission …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845249469

Klaus Heine, Oliver Budzinski - Wettbewerb, Recht und Wirtschaftspolitik

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Klaus Heine (ed.), Oliver Budzinski (ed.)

Wettbewerb, Recht und Wirtschaftspolitik

Series: Wettbewerb und Regulierung von Märkten und Unternehmen

Volume 62 2024

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Roger van den Bergh, Franziska Weber Control of buyer power: which role (if any) for competition law? S. 73-92

„… the negative welfare impact of both monopoly andmonopsony: the transfer of producer surplus and the …” „… end, fromrestrictive contractual obligations (e.g., access fee payments in exchange forentering a …” „… purchaseprices or the transfer of commercial risks.The buyer power of large retailers may enable them to transfer …”

Martina Eckardt Data Commons and the EU Data Act S. 241-258

„… by anyone for any purpose without payment and without limit”(Potts et al. 2023: 2). Stakeholders …” „… when negotiating prices for data transferMartina Eckardt250between data holders and the data commons as …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748943938

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