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Stefan Ahlswede - Israel's European policy after the Cold War

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Stefan Ahlswede

Israel's European policy after the Cold War

Series: Düsseldorfer Schriften zu Internationaler Politik und Völkerrecht

Volume 6 2009

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State of research S. 15-16

„… research Since the early days of the Jewish state’s existence, Israeli politics and particularly its …” „… circumstances changed, as we will argue, and not in fact the substance of Israel’s attitude. 1.2. State of …” „… , Hausmann, 1995 as well as Heller, 2001 o?er an overview of the state of relations in the early and late …”

The research design: structured empiricism S. 21-26

„… face in the future. 1.4.2. The research design: structured empiricism The model of the foreign policy …” „… non-decision making. Secondly, we will use the model not to analyse the total of a state’s foreign behaviour …” „… decision makers’ attention, e. g. a neighbouring state’s deployment of troops at the state’s border. Output …”

The history of scientific cooperation with the EC S. 132-134

„… 4 per cent of the public research budgets of the twelve member states. Due to the principle of …” „… Community and the State of Israel in 1996, making Israel the first non-European participant in the EU’s …” „… federations.354 CERN, for example, the European Council for Nuclear Research, was one of the first joint …”

Reference List S. 285-322

„… . Keynan, A. (1995). The state of cooperation in scientific research: Israel and the EC. In E. Ahiram, A …” „… State of Israel on government procurement (1997). O?cial Journal of the European Communities (Luxemburg …” „… ) (L 202). Agreement between the European Community and the State of Israel on procurement by …”

The dynamics of further European integration S. 130-132

„… technical cooperation between the European Community and the State of Israel in 1996, making Israel the …” „… Council for Nuclear Research, was one of the first joint European organisations. Israel did not …” „… loss, as long as capital flows and transfer payments allow it to exist and the level of investment is …”

Scientific interest S. 13-15

„… research Since the early days of the Jewish state’s existence, Israeli politics and particularly its …” „… close to distant and reserved. When the State of Israel was established, its relations to the UK, the …” „… growing awareness of the centrality of the Palestinian problem to the Middle East conflict. The EC states …”

What we need: form follows function S. 18-21

„… will be of limited use. Typically, these analyses look at high politics, core interests of the state …” „… better. Despite decades of research, we are still lacking a theory in the literal sense of the word. We …” „… prediction of choices amongst foreign policy options which Israel may face in the future. 1.4.2. The research …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… . Scientific interest 13 1.2. State of research 15 1.3. The case studies 16 1.4. Methodological considerations …” „… work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is …” „… concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illus trations, broadcasting …”

Aims in detail S. 153-160

„… political solution of the conflict with the Palestinians and Israel’s neighbouring states. First, before …” „… , not even all EU member states.467 Israel wants to become a member of the European standards …” „… Fourth Framework Programme for Research and Development An important and central aim of Israel’s during …”

Images – Israel’s self-perception S. 50-57

„… scope of this research, particularly since these factors are deeply rooted, often leaving their mark …” „… shaping these of other Israelis who share a similar background. The processors identified in this research …” „… the exception of Turkey, Israel is the only democracy in the Middle East and the only state with a …”

Usefulness of our model S. 280

„… procedures in only one segment of a state’s foreign policy. It did indeed do this very well, primarily for …” „… 280 6.4. Usefulness of our model This analysis has also been a test if Brecher’s model of the …” „… question has been if the model could be adapted to the analysis of non-crisis decision making and routine …”

External operational environment S. 29-42

„… champion of Jewish interests around the world, particularly in achieving emigration rights. The state of …” „… envisioned the partition of the British mandate over Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state. Whilst most …” „… of the Zionist movement accepted the partition plan, the Arab states did not. Instead, the Arab …”

Has Israel achieved its aims? S. 215-218

„… practice (GLP) and compliance monitoring programmes between the European Community and the State of Israel …” „… the full non-nuclear programme and not just to some selected projects, as a number of member EU states …” „… Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of …”

Has Israel achieved its aims? S. 251-253

„… recognised as European as it had only been established as a state, and only outside of Europe, because Europe …” „… become like the Europeans, say in foreign behaviour, state-religion relations, regarding the role of the …” „… of the time frame investigated; it still comes in a distant second behind the United States in …”

The future of the EU’s contribution S. 278-280

„… segment of a state’s foreign policy. It did indeed do this very well, primarily for its comprehensiveness …” „… 278 6.3.2. The future of the EU’s contribution Let us look at things from another perspective …” „… policy? There is potential particularly in the di?erences. As a consequence of Israel’s self-perception …”

The attitudinal prism S. 48-50

„… a Jewish state.76 Zionism itself is very European, and is a reflection as well as a part of the …” „… great for the scope of this research, particularly since these factors are deeply rooted, often leaving …” „… research are almost exclusively members of the secular, Ashkenazi Intelligentsia who have either immigrated …”

Why has Israel been successful? S. 218-220

„… would be enlarged by a number of new member states, as well as it set out to integrate the Eastern …” „… , third states were about to be accorded new association agreements, and in this atmosphere of breaking …” „… an operational scheme of cooperation and association. On the one hand, the Arab states had almost …”

EEA status S. 250-251

„… state, and only outside of Europe, because Europe had excluded its Jewry from the enlightened European …” „… behaviour, state-religion relations, regarding the role of the military or national self-conception, to name …” „… 250 5.3.4. EEA status In the negotiations for the upgrading of the 1975 Trade and Cooperation …”

An assessment after ten years S. 106-108

„… the state has waned: Egypt’s violent insurrection lost much of its intensity, a bloody civil war in …” „… perception of the EU’s motivation – to avoid a confrontation between the Western states of Europe and the …” „… , of which the Barcelona Process is but one. For the most part, the Barcelona Declaration’s calls for …”

The 1975 Free Trade and Cooperation Agreement S. 125-127

„… the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the State of Israel, of the …” „… scientific and technical cooperation between the European Community and the State of Israel, 1996. 336 On …” „… 125 4. Integration policy: association with the EC/ EU In 1995, after years of negotiations, Israel …”

The dispute on rules of origin S. 160-164

„… perspective, freedom of services and cooperation in research and development would be the most outstanding …” „… between Israel and the EU as state actors over the substance of the negotiations, and secondly conflicts …” „… closer examination, this is not that paradoxical, though: From an Israeli point of view, such a dialogue …”

The case studies S. 16-18

„… Research and Development in the same year to name just a few. In contrast, no issue of comparable scale has …” „… will be of limited use. Typically, these analyses look at high politics, core interests of the state …” „… aspects of Euro-Israeli relations: Einhorn, 1994 analyses how the 1975 Israel-EC Cooperation Agreement has …”

The data basis S. 26-27

„… . In the course of this research, roughly 80 politicians, o?cials, diplomats and analysts have been …” „… system. The parameters of Israel’s relations to key states will be outlined and changes thereof …” „… 26 establish specific profiles of the dozens of persons involved in the issues analysed below …”

Use the EU’s good services S. 247-250

„… preferences. 248 Typically, in such a scenario the EC/ EU or one of its member states has better relations to …” „… 247 their peace dividend whilst still owing the peace that was supposed to go with it. Aware of …” „… persuade the EU to change the rules of origin for outward processing tra?c of products of Israeli joint …”

General outline S. 27-28

„… parameters of Israel’s relations to key states will be outlined and changes thereof. Israel-US relations will …” „… , presents an overview of the setting in which Israel conducts its policy towards Europe. In the terms of our …” „… model, we will lay out the values of central variables of the operational and psychological environment …”

Confusion over Israel’s goal S. 146-153

„… , 1998j. 147 The findings of this research suggest that there has never been a clear-cut idea of what …” „… extensive e?orts on the part of a fellow researcher, no government or other Israeli institution has been …” „… in Israel, including the citizens of the East European states and possibly Turkey once they have …”

The role of private interest groups S. 212-215

„… with the EMA. Heads of universities and research organisations joined the Ministry of Science in an …” „… 212 Firstly, Primor has been a determined champion of closer association with Europe and vigorously …” „… promoted and pursued this aim across all phases of the policy process. Together with the core circle of the …”

The dispute on the EU’s R&D programme S. 174-179

„… implementation. Whilst not part of the focus of this research, it is instructive to have a swift look into the …” „… 174 Nothing had come out of Primor’s initiative when this analysis went to print by June 2009 – in …” „… relations markedly cooled to a new low as a result, making a success of the initiative most unlikely. 4.6.6 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845219189

Laura-Theresa Krüger - Domestic Effects of International Norms

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Laura-Theresa Krüger

Domestic Effects of International Norms

Series: Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik

Volume 23 2022

Results in this title

3 State of Research S. 78-111

„… 3 State of Research In order to examine if and how EU development policy principles are translated …” „… , Ottendörfer 2013, Bloomfield 2016, Lantis 2016 or Jose 2018. 79 3 State of Research 321 further and …” „… : 484-486. 81 3 State of Research where an activity is considered legitimate by states (first stage …”

1 Introduction S. 21-32

„… . Chapter 3 reviews the state of research relating to the analytical framework, i.e. the flourishing …” „… , research finds that not all member states followed up with compliance, but instead produce national army …” „… differentiate between the level of the EU institutions and of its 27 member states, EU refers to the …”

8 Conclusion S. 322-342

„… implementation. This study identified four persisting flaws in the state of research: scarce attention being paid …” „… research desiderata and gives an overall outlook as to the importance of international development policy …” „… be a norm-maker in development policy and deficient member state implementation of jointly agreed …”

2 (Meta-)Theoretical Approach S. 33-77

„… , makes use of process-tracing as the overarching research approach and triangulates different methods and …” „… :50 under the long-prevailing realist paradigm, international relations were seen as “a state of …” „… myriad of studies testifies the vibrancy of IR norms research especially since the 1990s, leading Checkel …”

5 Pre-study: Domestic Structures in Development Policy S. 150-188

„… organisation of the decision-making authority and the pattern of state-societal relations, as proposed by …” „… contrast to ordinary ministers, a secretary of state is not part of the ministerial cabinet per se but may …” „… African heads of state against the far-fledged reform ideas of then Development Minister Jean-Pierre Cot …”

4 Analytical Framework S. 112-149

„… studying international norms, a broad variety of terms is used in constructivist research such as ideas …” „… Katzenstein suits a focus on international norms that guide the behaviour of states toward their citizens or …” „… research, each of the five norm phases is then presented separately (4.2.2 to 4.2.6). With a view to this …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… 2.4 Chapter Summary 75 9 Contents 3 State of Research 78 3.1 Research on the Domestic Translation of …” „… ” Research Group from 2013 to 2017, making the publiction of our joint book possible (Tunisias International …” „… for the promotion of equal opportunities for women in research and teaching …”

9 References S. 343-386

„… . Holstein / Amir B. Marvasti / Karyn D. McKinney (eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Interview Research. The …” „… . ––– (2012b), High-Level Seminar on Joint Programming. State of Play of Joint Programming in Laos, Bonn …” „… ), 451-478. ––– (2000), Understanding the Domestic Impact of International Norms: A Research Agenda …”

7 From EU Policy Principles to Domestic Policy Norms? The Introduction of Joint Programming S. 267-321

„… programming cycles.”1293 At the least until 2015, progress in the synchronisation of EU and member 1294 state …” „… budget cycles was slow. Figure 32: Participation of member states in joint programming exercises at …” „… states participating in the Fast Track Initiative on Division of Labour, launched in 2008, and among the …”

6 From EU Policy Principles to Domestic Policy Norms? The Prioritisation of LDCs and other LICs S. 189-266

„… . CICID 2009: 2 and 4. 963 In a 2012 report, the French Court of Auditors, however, states that all four …” „… with scarce growth”, of which many in fragile states. Another billion of extreme poor would live, by …” „… ; democracy and rule of law; performance and transparency of the state; cooperative behaviour within the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929383

Ulrike Krause - Linking Refugee Protection with Development Assistance

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Ulrike Krause

Linking Refugee Protection with Development Assistance

2013

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Current State of Research S. 18-23

„… 18 2. Current State of Research Development-oriented refugee assistance has hardly been the center …” „… , Jeff Crisp and Mark Duffield also strongly contributed to the state of research on the linkage of …” „… of research. The contemporary debate on forced migration and migration studies in research is …”

Annex S. 253-267

„… Tickner, in accordance with Harding (Harding 1987: 2-3), states in What is your research program?, “I …” „… [also] distinguish between the term “methodology,” a theory and analysis of how research does or should …” „… Research of International Relations Integrating the gender perspective within research on refugee …”

Research Relevance and Interest S. 23-26

„… 23 communities thus far. As illustrated above, research has concentrated on state level decisions …” „… analyses of operations. Program-driven research on certain operations in the field over longer time periods …” „… of the art of research on development-oriented refugee assistance in Uganda, great gaps can be …”

Research Subject S. 15-18

„… this writing. 18 2. Current State of Research Development-oriented refugee assistance has hardly been …” „… the side of program implementation. My research is guided by the overall question: How can a …” „… gender-sensitive? By means of my overall research question, I aim to determine what refugee and development …”

Bibliography S. 231-252

„… Uganda. District State of Environment Report. Arua. Aleman, Ulrich von; Forndran, Erhard. 2002. Methodik …” „… law’ framework for the protection of vulnerable migrants. New Issues in Refugee Research. Working …” „… , Alexander; Milner, James. 2007. The Externalisation of EU Asylum Policy: The Position of African States …”

Historical Developments S. 71-80

„… . In 1896, the United States provided food assistance to countries in need; “the US Department of …” „… States of America to support the recovery of war-torn Western Europe. The plan targeted the …” „… United States, Harry S. Truman, unambiguously stressed issues of economic underdevelopment and its …”

Features for Development-oriented Refugee Assistance met? S. 174-203

„… 2005c: Glossary 11). Based on the state of information collected through research, it is not possible …” „… political will of Northern and Southern states. 176 program activities. DED’s reports provide insight to the …” „… of planning meetings over the research period may have been helpful. If it would have been possible …”

Features S. 117-136

„… agreement” target engagements of both Northern and Southern countries (Betts 2009a: 2). Northern states are …” „… agree with him. Yet, he rather focuses on the ‘high’ levels of Northern and Southern states. Those …” „… , participating states of GFMD may agree on launching an additional round table aiming to find shared principles …”

Features for Development-oriented Refugee Assistance S. 207-209

„… situations where the state opts to provide opportunities for the gradual integration of refugees. It is based …” „… programs are ongoing. Nevertheless, current findings expose that the reluctance of Southern states and …” „… Assistance One of the aims of this research project was to develop features of developmentoriented refugee …”

Main Strategies and Policies S. 166-174

„… ). The study 56 An analysis of the state of all infrastructures would go beyond the scope of research …” „… state of some infrastructure 170 was insufficient.56 Over time, especially frequently used facilities …” „… selfsufficiency. While researchers continue to indicate the assumption of insufficiently fertile soil in Rhino …”

Refugee Aid and Development S. 91-98

„… .1: 10), “African states acknowledged their responsibilities as host countries of first asylum and …” „… resolving very specific mass influx or protracted refugee situations, partly on the basis of northern state …” „… from 1983 states that despite the non-hierarchical intention of all durable solutions that “in creating …”

Linking Refugee Aid with Development S. 204-207

„… sub-question of the overall research question of “how has the approach of development-oriented refugee …” „… absorptive capacities of host countries and to enhance the refugees' contribution to their host States” (A …” „… situations where the state opts to provide opportunities for the gradual integration of refugees. It is based …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Introduction 15 1. Research Subject 15 2. Current State of Research 18 3. Research Relevance and Interest …” „… of Magdeburg in 2012. Several hurdles were encountered during the course of research. Though, I was …” „… support. The Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg enabled me to conduct research in Uganda by …”

Returnee Aid and Development and Quick Impact Projects S. 98-101

„… UNHCR’s State of the World’s Refugee Report 2006, voluntary repatriation may not be the “most desirable …” „… only because of UNDP’s involvement with the ‘refugee issue’ that the states in the region were able to …” „… “most desirable durable solution”29 which is why it was declared the “decade of repatriation” (UNHCR …”

National Refugee Policy in Brief S. 147-150

„… Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Its article 26 on the Freedom of Movement clearly states the …” „… settlement. In addition to the focus on meeting basic needs, the Government of Uganda intended to provide …” „… protection: Refugees were transferred from the transit centres to agricultural settlements with the aim of …”

Brief Distinction between Refugee Protection and Assistance S. 51-55

„… the government of the hosting state therefore determine who counts as a refugee. In practice, refugees …” „… particular situation and country. Regarding the protection role of UNHCR towards national states, two main …” „… 51 particularly embrace the inclusion of development in refugee assistance which reveals the Global …”

In Retrospect: Review of Failures of Past Initiatives S. 112-115

„… states remain to be reluctant to applying TDA methods, “suspicious that it may be a form of …” „… reluctance of Southern states and lacking collaborations of agencies could lead to failures. 114 In addition …” „… assistance towards attaining durable solutions for refugees while addressing state interests” (UNHCR 2006b: 6 …”

Efficiency S. 33-37

„… exceeds the steady state marginal product of capital, or equivalently the economy is consistently …” „… 33 3. Efficiency Before defining efficiency in the context of development assistance, it is …” „… a well-measured and managed use of resources without any or only little waste. The scope of …”

Development Assistance for Refugees S. 101-107

„… Southern states because of its ability to address the most serious negative consequences of protracted …” „… . “More than 1,100 delegates representing 163 Member States of and Observers to the United Nations and 33 …” „… levels of additional development funding that might entice Southern states to reconsider this position …”

Gender sensitivity S. 37-44

„… system. A study of the World Bank proves that “gender inequality increases the likelihood that a state …” „… respect and recognize the diversity of gender-related needs. In the context of this research, gender …” „… activities would fall under the umbrella of integrating the gender perspective. This view has been researched …”

Gender from the Angle of the UN and UNHCR S. 55-58

„… 55 2. Gender Sensitivity in the Context of the Refugee Regime 2.1. Gender from the Angle of the UN …” „… their advancement or empowerment. The feminist research has had a great impact on practical and global …” „… politics in terms of highlighting the issue of inequality and thus taking the analytic category of gender …”

Assistance at Rhino Camp S. 209-227

„… research question of “How can the development-oriented approach to refugee assistance be delivered in a way …” „… refugee assistance. By doing so, the second sub-question of the overall research question of “How is the …” „… implementing partner of UNHCR as well as field research. Field research within Rhino Camp as well as the local …”

Gender-sensitive Refugee Assistance S. 58-71

„… in 2001. The Policy on Refugee 15 UNHCR states clearly which groups of beneficiaries are targeted …” „… reveals up-to-date information on the impact of displacement on women and girls, and states principles and …” „… important to notice that the 1990 Policy on Refugee Women states that [i]t is the intention of UNHCR to …”

Integrated Zonal Development Approach S. 85-89

„… ’ remains to be a poorly evaluated and researched approach that is often criticized. Critique of, among …” „… 85 Europe nevertheless continued to increase; from the mid-1970s to the end of the 1980s, the …” „… number of applications rose more than twentyfold.21 Since UNHCR could not resettle refugees, yet …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246154

Christian von Soest - The African State and Its Revenues

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Christian von Soest

The African State and Its Revenues

Series: Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik

Volume 6 2009

Results in this title

State of Research and Research Questions S. 15-21

„… into the determinants, i.e. independent variables, of capability. 17 1.1 State of Research and …” „… Research Questions This study assesses the operation of the tax administration as one crucial state …” „… focused on the “capable state” as an important agent for development. A related research area of …”

Implications for Further Research S. 205-209

„… solving the differing deficiencies of the African state and its public administration.440 Scholars and …” „… main principles of the rational-legal state model are realised in sub-Saharan Africa or not. Van de …” „… Walle, for instance, focuses on the “centrality of state actors” (2001a: 284) and Gray/McPherson stress …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Introduction: The African State and the Capability to Raise Revenue 15 1.1 State of Research and Research …” „… awarded the Research Academy Leipzig’s Dissertation Award and the Young Scholar’s Award of the German …” „… of this book was supported by a grant from the GermanResearch Foundation (DFG).5 Acknowledgements …”

Monographs and Articles S. 229-252

„… . (2001): Corruption - A Review of Contemporary Research 7. Bergen: Christian Michelsen Institute. Anter …” „… (2000 [1992]): The Imported State. The Westernization of the Political Order. Stanford, CA: Stanford …” „… . Bayart, Jean-François (1993): The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly. New York, NY: Longman …”

Taxation, Tax Administration and the African State S. 201-205

„… the African state in the fiscal realm, and that systematic empirical research on the role of ideas in …” „… literature, the provision of public goods in exchange for the revenue generated by the state is crucial for …” „… not been a characteristic feature of the state-society relationship in the fiscal realm, evidenced by …”

Selection of Case Studies: Zambia and Botswana S. 22-25

„… tracing analysis in the two case studies. Responding to the dearth of secondary research on the capability …” „… conceptual underpinnings of the case selection and will discuss the explanatory power of the research design …” „… comparable state institutions and tax administrations could be found in Zambia and Botswana at the time of …”

Internet Sources S. 254-258

„… , http://www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/. Centre for the Future State (2000): Research Programme. Programme 1: Financing the State …” „… / cfs/research/prog-01.html. Centre for the Future State (2005b): Centre for the Future State Homepage. Brighton …” „… . economist.com/research/Economics/alphabetic.cfm? Electoral Commission of Zambia (2002): Parliamentary Elections 2001 - Provisional Results. Lusaka …”

Newspapers, Public Journals and Information Services S. 252-254

„… : Governance 11: 1, pp. 101-120. Young, Crawford: (2004): The End of the Post-Colonial State in Africa …” „… . William (1995): Introduction: Posing the Problem of State Collapse. In: Zartman, I. William, ed …” „… .: Collapsed States. Between Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner …”

Conceptual Principles of Case Selection S. 50-53

„… power of the applied research design. As a random selection of observations in small-N research would …” „… and Teune give the example of a research design which comparatively explains the high incidence of …” „… results in the concluding chapter 6. The major merits of this explorative research design consequently lie …”

Structure of Argument S. 25-26

„… of Argument The analysis of the African state and the capability to raise revenue will proceed in …” „… four basic steps: First, chapter 2 will introduce the theoretical concepts of the state, authority and …” „… of public administration. Furthermore, the genesis and the particularities of the African state will …”

Colonial Heritage S. 53-55

„… results in the concluding chapter 6. The major merits of this explorative research design consequently lie …” „… forms of authority.81 Although not entirely determinative for ensuing state development, the …” „… of financing the colonial state through “traditional authorities”, trade taxation and, if applicable …”

Neopatrimonial Profile S. 56-58

„… “systematic concentration of political power”, “provision of personal favours” and “use of state resources for …” „… – to use a normatively-loaded term – misuse of state resources for political legitimation. 89 The …” „… potential to challenge the head of state. The study will call this indicator “concentration of political …”

Conception of the State and Public Administration S. 27-31

„… the German research programme on the state for instance conceptualise the ideal type of a “Democratic …” „… : 359). The present analysis follows the tradition of research on the tax state, originally laid out by …” „… 27 2 Theoretical Concepts of State, Authority and Institutions The present chapter will determine …”

Role and Characteristics of Taxation and the Tax Administration S. 31-34

„… analysis follows the tradition of research on the tax state, originally laid out by Schumpeter (1991 [1918 …” „… the part of the state. Practitioners and scientists principally distinguish between “direct” taxes …” „… ]). Following Lieberman, the tax state is understood as “the aggregate of a set of relationships between the …”

Socio-Economic Development S. 58-59

„… the misuse of state resources. However, other research has equally assumed low CPI scores to be highly …” „… literature and empirical research it will try to establish the misuse of public resources by high-level …” „… 1990s, will serve as second measures for assessing the “use of state resources” for particularistic …”

Main Determinants of the Capability to Raise Revenue S. 194-198

„… the case studies into the state-society relationship and the institutional reorganisation of the …” „… African state, i.e. the creation of semi-autonomous revenue agencies, and their impacts on the capability …” „… research on (1) neopatrimonialism, (2) the African state and (3) the capability to raise revenue. 6.1 Main …”

Donor Influence S. 59-61

„… 1998: 85). Arising from this, relations of accountability between the state and citizens may remain …” „… ) there is no evidence for a general deterioration of state capability induced by foreign aid (2003 …” „… provide the fundamentals of assessing state capability and will then specifically deal with the tax …”

The African State S. 34-37

„… particular organisational structure on the continent. Most African states seem to fall short of the ideal …” „… external sovereignty of African states has hardly been contested, despite deficiencies on the internal …” „… external powers.44 Consequently, proposals for redrawing state 42 For an intriguing review of four …”

Neopatrimonialism Concept S. 37-41

„… colonial state’s bureaucratic core and due to the short period of (some) public administration building …” „… Berman 1998: 314). The origin of the formal state structure in sub-Saharan Africa thus often caused an …” „… and revenue generation allows using the notion of the African state.49 The signifier however is not …”

Empirical Approach and Sources of this Study S. 47-50

„… as the explanatory power of the applied research design. As a random selection of observations in …” „… 47 3 Methodology and Indicators This chapter will lay out the analytical tools of this study and …” „… empirical approach pursued and will refer to the conceptual underpinnings of the case selection. The second …”

Political Development and Regime Type S. 55-56

„… as they are more inclined to use coercive measures for the collection of state revenue (e.g. Haggard …” „… Collier in general states that “there may be an important relationship between type of regime and the …” „… capacity it affords to the state” (1982: 167). 85 For a summary of the two positions see Cheibub (1998 …”

Primary Sources S. 219-229

„… . TIZ (2002): 2002 State of Corruption Report. Lusaka: Transparency International Zambia (TIZ). TIZ …” „… Institute. Andvig, Jens Christian, et al. (2001): Corruption - A Review of Contemporary Research 7. Bergen …” „… World Bank Record in the 1990s. Policy Research Working Paper 2237. Washington, DC: World Bank …”

Neopatrimonialism in the African State S. 198-201

„… 198 6.2 Neopatrimonialism in the African State A prime challenge of this study was to find …” „… “use of state resources” for neopatrimonial practices allows making inferences on the empirical …” „… context of the African state, neopatrimonial mono-causality regarding the incapability to raise revenue …”

Socio-Economic Development S. 86-90

„… ), indicating lack of political will to strengthen expenditure control.142 In essence, the misuse of state …” „… during the First Republic. Due to its lack of accountability, the single-party state in the Second …” „… 1975 level (World Bank 2003a: 112). Rakner et al. state that “Zambia suffered one of the greatest and …”

Revenue Performance S. 66-68

„… importance as tax and customs officers, collecting revenue on behalf of the state, are highly exposed to …” „… (1993: 774). It is contested whether the tax take of African states is low by historical standards. See …” „… state.116 The present study sets out to assess the inroads of the tax administration into the informal …”

Historical Institutionalism S. 41-45

„… “criminalization of the state” (Bayart et al. 1999) by the political elite.57 Neopatrimonialism’s two modalities …” „… restrict it (Moe 1990: summary of argument on 250-251). It can be distinguished between formal (state) and …” „… of African independence coincided with the zenith of confidence in state-led development” (2004: 29f …”

Information Collection and Processing S. 62-64

„… Lieberman (2002) for an extensive assessment of different taxation data for cross-national research. For …” „… 62 tent the tax administration is able to fulfil its task, i.e. the collection of revenue (“how …” „… much”). The process on the other hand, deals with the “how” of tax collection. Seen from this …”

Administrative Accountability S. 65-66

„… revenue on behalf of the state, are highly exposed to corrupt inducements (see chapter 2.2). The fight …” „… account of taxpayers’ rights” (Centre for the Future State 2005a: 16). It is relevant for taxpayers to …” „… Researchers, tax administrations and donor agencies often use the tax-to-GDP ratio and the cost of collection …”

Interviews in Zambia S. 210-214

„… ). Maseru, Lesotho, 16.08.2004. Erdmann, Gero, Senior Research Fellow, Institute of African Affairs, Hamburg …” „… , 25.03.2004. Simutanyi, Neo, senior research fellow, Institute of Economic and Social Research (INESOR …” „… International Zambia / Dean, School of Law, University of Zambia. Lusaka, 26.04.2004. Chanda, Donald, former …”

Merit Orientation S. 64-65

„… taxpayers’ perception of the probability of detection of tax evasion strongly determines their degree of …” „… and the active registration of taxpayers as indicators for the collection of information by the tax …” „… administration must adequately utilise it. The incorporation of “third party information” on tax liabilities, the …”

Interviews in Botswana S. 214-218

„… , Department of Taxes. Gaborone, 15.06.2004. Balakrishnar, Veluppillai (Bala), Deputy Commissioner, Department …” „… of Taxes. Gaborone, 31.05.2004. Balone, Joseph, Preventive Officer, Tlokweng Border Post, Department …” „… of Customs and Excise. Tlokweng Border Post, 13.07.2004. Boima, Rebatlhanka Klaas, Customs Officer …”

Administrative Accountability S. 118-123

„… .230 This is consistent with research indicating that “any 226 The reports of the Department of Taxes …” „… state of the tax administration during the Second Republic into account, it can be assumed that the …” „… the ZRA. As argued in chapter 4.1.3, the use of state resources has remained opaque, i.e. taxpayers …”

Neopatrimonial Profile S. 78-86

„… the misuse of state resources for political legitimation. This neopatrimonial profile creates a poten …” „… Zambia’s nine provinces. After the introduction of the one-party state, he duplicated the ministerial …” „… Zambia’s ethnically complex society relied on the distribution of appointments to party and state offices …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845219080

Thomas Duttle - Differentiated Integration at the EU Member State Level

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Thomas Duttle

Differentiated Integration at the EU Member State Level

Series: Studies on the European Union

Volume 11 2016

Results in this title

2. State of research on DI S. 31-42

„… State of research on DI The state of research on DI is characterised by a scarcity of studies that …” „… practical instruments of 2. State of research on DI 32 differentiation as enshrined in the Treaties of …” „… , 94, and 95 TEC in the period 1968-1993. Unfortunately, it remains unclear 2.3 2. State of research on …”

1. Introduction S. 23-30

„… research objectives, the present analysis proceeds as follows: Section 2 provides an overview of the state …” „… . Dyson and Sepos 2010b: 20) – has been a recurring subject of discussion among both EU researchers and …” „… ) DI arrangements that the Euroskeptic member states request due to concerns about the distribution of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-22

„… objective1.2 27 Book structure1.3 29 State of research on DI2. 31 Conceptual studies: Categorizing DI2.1 31 …” „… the EU Member State Level An Empirical Comparison of European Integration Theories Thomas Duttle 248 p …” „… promotion during my time as a doctoral candidate and junior researcher at the University of Konstanz. For …”

8. Conclusion S. 213-218

„… sub-section 8.3). Meta-theoretical and theoretical insights The literature review has shown that the state of …” „… research on DI is characterized by a scarcity of studies that are both theory-driven and data-based …” „… explain the extent of DI arrangements across the EU member states and over the period 1958-2012, this …”

4. Level 1: General assumptions of the three European integration theories S. 89-116

„… theory-oriented research that examines such concrete 89 present analysis, the grand theories of European …” „… politics as “a subset of general tendencies among democratic states in modern world politics” (Moravcsik …” „… the EU member states are the principal actors in the process of European integration. That is, the …”

9. Bibliography S. 219-238

„… Zelditch (eds.), Theoretical Research Programs: Studies in the Growth of Theory. Stanford: Stanford …” „… .), The State of the European Union: Building a European Polity? Boulder: Lynne Rienner, pp. 29-62. Carnap …” „… ) Integration. In: Maria Green Cowles and Michael Smith (eds.), The State of the European Union: Risks, Reform …”

3. Meta-theoretical foundations of empirical theory comparisons S. 43-88

„… state- 3.1 The applicability of empirical theory comparisons: philosophical perspectives 51 ments from a …” „… paradigm … has been found, there is no such thing as research in the absence of any paradigm” (1962: 79 …” „… ), but on a dynamic comparison between competing research programmes over a period of time and, hence, on …”

7. Level 4: Empirical examination S. 155-212

„… 1988: 16f.). This reconstruction comprises, on the one hand, a presentation of the research design (see …” „… their respective hypotheses (see sub-section 7.4.5). Research design: characteristics and advantages of …” „… present case, the reason for the imbalance is that the population of EU member states increases over time …”

5. Level 2: Specific hypotheses on DI S. 117-128

„… explanation of a concrete explanandum, namely the extent of DI across member states and over time (Lindenberg …” „… extent of DI across member states and over time. To be precise, this empirical analysis rests upon a …” „… some member states be permitted to lag behind the other member states in the establishment of an EMU …”

6. Level 3: Operationalization, measurement, and data gathering S. 129-154

„… variable In order to capture the extent of DI arrangements across the EU member states (max. N = 27) and …” „… bodies, 3. regulations and directives of the EU legislature that address only a subset of member states …” „… or non-state actors (e.g., individuals, organizations), 4. regulations and directives of the EU …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845275253

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