Filter results

Results (6109)

Sort by:

Select all Select all

Page 1

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

No access

Select

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

Results in this title

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Community law and sport S. 149-152

„… Chapter?8Community law and sportSport? is? considered? to?be? the?main? social?movement? in?Europe …” „… S.,?Governance?of?Sport?:?National,?European?andInternational?Perspectives.?Sports?Law,?Cavendish,?London?2006.319 As?to?broadcasting?rights?for?games?in?the?Greek?legal?order,?s.?Skouris …” „… together?with?the?significance?that?an?Olympic?organization?acquires?in?the?light?ofthe?application?of?Community?law,?make?this?a?very?interesting?issue.320The?European?Union? demonstrates? special? concern? for? sport? during? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and EU law S. 168

„… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …” „… G.,?Intervention?in?the?Olympic?Games?Congress?(in?Greek),?Public?Law?Matters,?Applications?of?Public?Law,?Special?Edition,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?2003.385 Gonzalez J.S.,?Sport …” „… of?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law, Mass Media and Sport S. 193-195

„… re?wasno?question?at?all?as?regards?the?observance?of?the?EC?law.?The?exclusive?broadcasting?of?the?Games?was?governed?by?a?contract?attached?in?the?host-city?contractand?therefore?is?accepted?without?following?any?EC?law?procedure.421418 Welrave,?Dona,?Deliege.419 European?Community?and?Sport,?SEC?(91)?1438,?31/7/1991 …” „… A.,?The?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?the?role?of?law,?in?EntertainmentLaw?Review,?2004.194Competition-Public Contracts and Olympics …” „… ?is?a?great?number?of?provisions?limitingthe?freedom?of?movement?because?of?the?particularity?of?the?commodity.?Undoubtedly,?though,?this?“sporting”?matter?is?also?of?great?interest?in?terms?of?the?EC?lawapplication.EC law, Mass Media and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The regulation of sport by the EC law: prevalence of the EC law and self-identity/specificity of sport S. 174-175

„… ? citizensagreed?with?the?aims?of?the?European?year,?such?as?the?important?role?that?sportplays?in?the?spreading?of?certain?values,?for?instance.?The?vast?majority?of?the?individuals?that?were?asked?answered?that?they?believed?that?sport?should?have?a?moreimportant?place?in?the?schools’?schedule.The regulation of sport by the EC law: prevalence of the EC …” „… sportSport?is?subject?to?the?EC?law?application?as?the?White?Paper?on?Sport?now?clearlymentions.?The?competition?law?and?the?internal?market?provisions?are?applied?tosport?which?constitutes?an?economic?activity.Sport …” „… ?is?also?subject?to?important?aspects?of?the?EC?law,?such?as?the?prohibitionon?discrimination?due?to?nationality?and?the?equality?between?men?and?women?inrespect?of?employment.Nevertheless,?sport?also?maintains?some?special?characteristics?which?are?oftenreferred?to?as?“specificity?of?sport”.?These?special?characteristics?of?sport?are?approached?through?two?prisms:174The White Paper on …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community Law involvement in sport and Olympic Games S. 154-156

„… .?The?Declaration?points?out?the?social?importance?ofsport?and?in?particular?its?role?in?the?formation?of?the?identity?of?the?people?as?well?as?itscontribution?to?bringing?people?together.?Therefore,?it?asks?of?the?community?organs,?whendealing?with?important?matters?that?could?affect?sport,?to?ask?the?sporting?institutions’?opinion.?In?this?framework?special?importance?should?be?attached?to?the?particularities?of?amateursport.,? Olympic? Games? and? Environment,? Greek? Company? of? Environmental? Law,Ant.N,Sakkoulas …” „… ? phenomenon?by?the?national?laws?as?well?as?the?guaranteeing?of?the?fundamental?freedoms?as?regards?the?private?monopolistic?organization?of?sport.The prevalence of the Community law over the regulations of the sportinginstitutionsThe?ECJ …” „… The Community Law involvement in sport and Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rationalization of sports rules in the framework of Community law S. 182

„… lawThe?case?law?of?the?European?Court?of?Justice?reveals?that?there?is?an?ever-increasing?effort?to?rationalize?sports?law.?This?is?expressed?mainly?through?the?effort?tobring?sports?law?under?a?hierarchy?of?rules,?as?in?the?case?of?the?latter?judgement.T …” „… ?these?contravene?the?Treaty.?The?Host?City?Contract?would?not?be?able?tosolve?the?problem,?nor?override?Community?law.The rationalization of sports rules in the framework of Community …” „… ?within?the?Community?framework?–?TheHelsinki?Report?on?Sport.?This?Report?sets?forth?the?need?to?rationalize?sports?lawas?well?as?the?need?for?Community?regulation?to?prevail400 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The integration of the ethical rules of sport in national laws S. 74-77

„… lawsCertain?concepts?included?in?the?Olympic?Charter,?among?the?above-mentioned,have?been?incorporated?into?sources?of?the?Greek?law,?whereas?others?preserve?thestatus?of?ethical?rules,?which?are?part?of?contractual?relations?governed?by?the?privatewill91 …” „… e?respect?of?thesound?principles?of?the?Sporting?Spirit?and?of?sports?traditions,?as?well?as?the?designation?of?those?infringing?them?as?non-sports?manly.?In?the?framework?of?the?law3148/1955,?and?especially?the?authorization?of?law?in?article?18?thereof,?a?Regulation? of …” „… Ch.,?The?Greek?Ethics?Committee?and?the?Greek?disciplinary?sports?law(in?Greek),?in?the?International?conference?on?Sports?law,?University?of?Athens,?11-13?December?1993?(published?proceedings).95 Kousoulis S./Malatos A.,?ibid.,?pp.?272 ff.96 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bibliography S. 285-299

„… M.,?Team?Sport?and?collective?selling?of?TV?rights:?The?Netherlands?and?European?Lawaspects,?in?International?Sports?Law?Journal?2004.Orth …” „… ”,?in?D.Panagiotopoulos,?Sports?Law,?Implementation?and?the?Olympic?Games,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens,Komotini,?p.381.Auer An./Malinverni G./ Hotellier …” „… M.,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in?2004,in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.Beloff …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement Rules: Autonomy and Pluralism. S. 55-57

„… .?Each?entity?claimsthe?portion?of?power?that?corresponds?to?it?as?well?as?the?exposition?in?the?international?view?that?sport?and?its?relation?with?the?mass?media?can?guarantee.An?exercise?of?rules,?could?be?specially?considered?as?the?total?of?these?rulessince? it? systemizes? the?sports? law?of? the?states,? the? law?of?various …” „… .?It?is?really?a?complicated?system?of?rules?with?a?great?interest?andoriginality?which?leads?to?particular?speculation!The?Olympic?Movement?rules?consequently?constitute?a?portion?of?the?sport?lawrules?and?pose?the?matter?of?their?relation?with?the?total?of?the?other?rules?that?theynecessarily?communicate?with.?This?matter?is?not?a?novel?one.The?sport?law?rules?have?emerged?since?1281,?as?Chaker50 …” „… Pluralism.The?legal?pluralism?finds?its?best?expression?in?the?field?of?sports?law.?The?relationbetween?private?and?public,?national?and?international,?is?absolutely?developing?inthe?field?of?sports?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… The?integration?of?the?ethical?rules?of?sport?in?national?laws 74The?rule?of?law?and?the?fair?play 77Chapter?4 80 …” „… Violence?and?Sport?in?International?Treaties-The?Council?of?Europeposition 66Sporting?Rules,?Olympic?Games?and?International?Law 696The?Role?of?NATO 70 …” „… Chapter?8 149Community?law?and?sport 149European?law?and?Olympic?Games 152 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal order S. 207-209

„… ,? theorganization?of?extracurricular?sport?in?associations?revealed?the?character?of?theorganization?of?sport?in?Greece?too,?which?is?primarily?of?associative?nature.?Article37?of?Law?5620/1932?(Government?Gazette,?290?A?)?specifies?that?private?initiativei …” „… ?associations?had?the?possibility?to?found?unions?at?prefectural?level.?In?turn,?unions?had?the?possibility?tofound?leagues?or?federations?at?national?level.The?organization?of?amateur?and?professional?sport?is?today?governed?by?Law2725/1999?(Government?Gazette,?121/A?),?which?declares?and …” „… ?acknowledges?theassociative?nature?of?the?organization?of?sport?by?regulating?even?from?the?very?firstarticle?the?status?of?sports?associations431.?Article?7?of?the?said?law?institutes?theself-determination?of?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European approach to sport S. 175-177

„… ., Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,Manchesterm?2003,?Blanpain R …” „… ., The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?underInternational,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,The?Hague?2003.Weatherill S.,?European?Sports?Law,?Collected?Papers,?University?of?Oxford,?Oxford?2007.175 …” „… ? impose?general?rulesapplicable?to?all?European?sports.?However,?EU?law?will?continue?to?apply?to?sport,particularly?as?far?as?competition,?freedom?of?movement?and?non-discriminationrules?are?concerned.?Moreover,?dialogue?with?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport as a means of expression of the freedom of association S. 57-58

„… al?pluralism?in?sports?law,?changing?up?to?a?great?extent?basic?acceptances/positions?of?the?theory:?the?EC?law?claimed?and?gained?its?prevalenceThe legislative framework of sport and its relation to the Olympic organizationSport as a means of …” „… ?adopted?the?way?sport?is?organized?in?Europe?on?the?basis?of?associations,?which?are?also?governed?by?private?law.?As?part?of?this?organization?structure,?the?Olympic?Movement?has?functioned?independently?and?has?set?the?fundamental?rules?that?are?in?force?for?sports?issues?concerning?these?associations58 …” „… A.,?The?scientific?approach?of?sports?law(In?Greek),?Ant.Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini,?2000 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova European law and Olympic Games S. 152-154

„… .?The?Declaration?points?out?the?social?importance?ofsport?and?in?particular?its?role?in?the?formation?of?the?identity?of?the?people?as?well?as?itscontribution?to?bringing?people?together.?Therefore,?it?asks?of?the?community?organs,?whendealing?with?important?matters?that?could?affect?sport,?to?ask?the?sporting?institutions’?opinion.?In?this?framework?special?importance?should?be?attached?to?the?particularities?of?amateursport.,? Olympic? Games? and? Environment,? Greek? Company? of? Environmental? Law,Ant.N,Sakkoulas …” „… ?movement.?This?declaration?is?highly?important?andsignifies?the?expansion?of?Community?action?in?the?field?of?sport,?but?also?the?willof?the?Union?to?converse?with?the?sports?movement.The?study?of?the?case?law?of?the?European?Court?of?Justice?allows?to?understandthe?way?the?law …” „… zation?to?the?Community?law,?just?like?the?oneof?the?harmonic?coexistence?of?Europe?and?sport,?has?a?pivotal?role.?The?matter?ofthe?coexistence?of?Europe?and?sport?has?engaged?both?the?theory?and?the?commu-328 The?Declaration?no.?29 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rule of law and the fair play S. 77-79

„… rules?of?sports?seem?to?be?void?of?significance?in?sports?events,?save?in?case?theycan?be?defined?and?specified.Other?countries’?case?law?does?not?ignore?the?phenomenon?of?disciplinary?jurisdiction?of?sports …” „… ?associations?with?reference?to?the?application?of?basic?principles,such?as? the?principle?of?proportionality?and?the?principle?of?equality,?especiallywhen?sport?is?viewed?as?a?public?service99.The rule of law and the fair …” „… ,it?concerns?games?or?sports,?not?subjects?of?law.Extremely?interesting?as?to?the?relation?between?the?two?principles?is?the?caselaw?of?the?Swiss?Federal?Court,?which?has?repeatedly?ruled?on?the?relation?betweenrules?of?games?and?rules?of?law.?Obviously,?that?resulted?from?the?increased?interestof? the?Swiss? legal?order? in?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community interest in sport and the formation of a European participial democracy S. 168-169

„… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …” „… G.,?Intervention?in?the?Olympic?Games?Congress?(in?Greek),?Public?Law?Matters,?Applications?of?Public?Law,?Special?Edition,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?2003.385 Gonzalez J.S.,?Sport …” „… also?a?legal?interest,?since?via?the?prevalence?of?the?EC?law?it?dynamically?entersthe?conversation?about?the?relation?among?the?rules?which?govern?sport?and?supportsthe?prevalence?of?the?EC?law.Indeed,?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The effect of the Bosman judgment in the Olympic movement rules S. 159-163

„… Until?the?Bosman?Judgment?the?Court?appeared?to?be?rather?lenient?towards?sport?as?regardsthe?EC?law …” „… strictions?and?the?whole?footballsituation?were?totally?changed.?Football?and?sport?in?general?was?subject?to?the?pure?application?of?EC?law.?Nevertheless,?it?has?to?be?stated?that?in?Bosman?the?ECJ?recognized?thatthe?social?importance?of?sporting?activities?could?justify?an?exemption?from?the?applicationof?Article?39?but?not?in?the?present?case.159 …” „… ? sport(clubs,?federations,?international?federations?etc.)?and?rejected?the?UEFA’s?positionthat?the?submission?of?football?to?the?EC?law?leads?to?the?attenuation?of?the?autonomy? of? the? sporting?movement.358? This? ruling? has? a? special? importance? in …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European Parliament and its positions about sport in Europe S. 173-174

„… E.,?Competition?and?Sport,?in?European?Law?Review,?2007.173 …” „… ? citizensagreed?with?the?aims?of?the?European?year,?such?as?the?important?role?that?sportplays?in?the?spreading?of?certain?values,?for?instance.?The?vast?majority?of?the?individuals?that?were?asked?answered?that?they?believed?that?sport?should?have?a?moreimportant?place?in?the?schools’?schedule.The regulation of sport by the EC law: prevalence of the EC …” „… sportSport?is?subject?to?the?EC?law?application?as?the?White?Paper?on?Sport?now?clearlymentions.?The?competition?law?and?the?internal?market?provisions?are?applied?tosport?which?constitutes?an?economic?activity.Sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The evolution of the community provisions on sport S. 169-170

„… also?a?legal?interest,?since?via?the?prevalence?of?the?EC?law?it?dynamically?entersthe?conversation?about?the?relation?among?the?rules?which?govern?sport?and?supportsthe?prevalence?of?the?EC?law.Indeed,?sport …” „… ?as?well?as?to?various?regional?policies?relevant?to?sport.?Sport?now?concernsindirectly?many?community?policies,?such?as?health?(doping),?youth,?education?etc.The?recent?Olympic?organization?of?Athens?showed?many?aspects?of?the?relationbetween?sport?and?EC?law.?The?impeding?organization?of?London?will?undoubtedlyshow?even?more,? since? the …” „… ? relation?between?sport? and?EC? law? is? always?beingdeveloped?further.The evolution of the community provisions on …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The end of amateur sport and the role of the IOC S. 58-59

„… ?and?the?freedom?to?contract.?Part?of?this?analysis?will?be?to?determine?the?boundaries?of?therules?of?the?Olympic?Movement?as?opposed?to?the?national?and?Community?law?ofa?European?state.?Such?is?the?case?of?Greece,?where?Athens,?the?Host?City60The end of amateur sport and the role of the …” „… public?according?to?the?French?public?law?theory.?Correspondingly,?the?European?Union?is?interested?in?every?possible?way?in?achieving?arationalization?in?the?relations?between?private?sports …” „… .The?end?of?the?amateur?character?of?sport?justifies?the?appearance?of?a?few?more‘suitors’?of?the?sports?phenomenon:?private?enterprises?and?all?sorts?of?speculators.63 S.?in?the?French?case?law?the?development?of?a?public?service?for?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law and 2004 Olympic Games S. 178-181

„… democracy,?as?long?as?it?claims?to?be?a?participial?one,?can?do?nothing?but?attachemphasis?on?the?sporting?phenomenon.The?European?dimension?of?sport?attaches?also?emphasis?on?major?economicinterests?and?objectives?which?are?regulated?by?the?EC?law …” „… ?the?fact?that?the?communityinterest?in?sport?is?enormous?and?despite?the?fact?that?many?issues?arose?regardingthe?EC?law?during?both?the?preparation?and?the?organization?of?the?Games,?it?cannotbe?claimed?that?the?expected?activation?from?he?side?of?the?community?organs?wasnoticed.EC law and 2004 Olympic …” „… he?EC?law.The?Olympics?and?Para-Olympics?Games?of?Athens?were?giving?the?chance?tothe?EU?for?a?further?promotion?of?sport?within?Europe.178In?this?occasion,?the?year?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Constitutional Treaty Draft S. 171-173

„… .?It?is?mainly?covered?by?the?provisions?that?concern?the?freedomof?movement?of?workers.?As?the?Walrave?rules?held,?sport?is?caught?by?the?ambitof?EC?law?only?in?so?far?as?it?constitutes?an?economic?activity.?This?ruling?was?laterconfirmed?by?many?other?ECJ?rulings.The declarations of Amsterdam and …” „… ?could?also?be?subject?to?a?better?surveillance?and?beescorted?with?the?exchange?of?right?practices?among?member-states.?Also,?it?wasconsidered?that?in?that?way?sport?could?contribute?to?the?creation?of?a?Europeannationality.It?is?obvious,?therefore,?that?sport?emerged?and?developed?in?the?EC?law?gradually?and?steadily.?This?way?is?quite?similar? to? the?way?that? the?entire …” „… E.,?Competition?and?Sport,?in?European?Law?Review,?2007.173 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Towards a formation of European perception on sport. S. 177-178

„… ? impose?general?rulesapplicable?to?all?European?sports.?However,?EU?law?will?continue?to?apply?to?sport,particularly?as?far?as?competition,?freedom?of?movement?and?non-discriminationrules?are?concerned.?Moreover,?dialogue?with?sports …” „… e?EC?law?in?sport,?the?first?two?Olympic?Games?of?Europe.?How?isthe?legal?framework?of?the?Olympic?organization?now?formed??The?IOC?rules?arenow?limited?to?the?regulation?of?purely?sporting?matters?(sport …” „… ?the?fact?that?the?communityinterest?in?sport?is?enormous?and?despite?the?fact?that?many?issues?arose?regardingthe?EC?law?during?both?the?preparation?and?the?organization?of?the?Games,?it?cannotbe?claimed?that?the?expected?activation?from?he?side?of?the?community?organs?wasnoticed.EC law and 2004 Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe position S. 66-69

„… International LawIt?is?gradually?noticed?that?beyond?the?European?interest?in?sport?there?is?also?anincreasing …” „… nsidered?to?have?thesame?objective?as?the?community?law.?It?always?has?though?an?institutional?particularity?which?should?be?highlighted?and?carefully?approached.Violence and misbehaviour at sport eventsViolence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe …” „… ., (eds):?Law?and?Sport?in?Contemporary?Society,?Frank?Cass.?Freeman?London,1984.?p.?184.72 Beloff M,/Kerr T./ Demetriou M …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova A state regulatory framework for sport S. 63-64

„… ?takeinto?consideration?the?recent?developments?in?the?field?of?sports?law.Undoubtedly,?such?an?attractive?financially?and?politically?matter?as?sport?is?afield?of?competition?between?the?private?action?and?the?state?interests.?Therefore,sport …” „… ? initialtreaties,?gradually?acquired?a?particular?interest?in?the?sporting?affairs,?in?particularbecause?of?the?ECJ?jurisprudence.68 Nafziger J.A.R.,?International?Sports?Law, ?Transnational?Publishers,?Ardsley,?NY,?2004 …” „… and?Nitzche,? allied? to? create? the? paradoxical? as? well? as? effectual? ‘law’? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The interest of modern states in sport S. 59-60

„… public?according?to?the?French?public?law?theory.?Correspondingly,?the?European?Union?is?interested?in?every?possible?way?in?achieving?arationalization?in?the?relations?between?private?sports …” „… .The?end?of?the?amateur?character?of?sport?justifies?the?appearance?of?a?few?more‘suitors’?of?the?sports?phenomenon:?private?enterprises?and?all?sorts?of?speculators.63 S.?in?the?French?case?law?the?development?of?a?public?service?for?sport …” „… ?phenomenon?has?been?regulated.?For?that?reason?the?basicguidelines?have?been?laid?down?from?the?beginning,?which?will?occur?throughoutthe?present?study.?If?they?were?to?be?mentioned?briefly,?these?guidelines?would?bethe?following:?the?regional?character,?the?fundamental?relation?between?sport?andthe?city,?the?self-determination?of?sport?through?private?law?associations,?as?wellas?the?relation?between?the?athlete,?the?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Addendum S. 165-167

„… Despite?the?fact?that?finally?the?ECJ?in?this?case?decided?for?sport?autonomy,?itcan?be?easily?understood?that?sporting?regulations?are?now?totally?subject?to?Community?law.?Of?course,?there?is?room?for?self-regulation.?The?EC?law?does?not?getinvolved?at? all? as? long? as? the? rules? are? of …” „… .?The?worries?aboutinconsistencies?were?not?unreasonable,?since?two?really?powerful?lawmaking?systems?met?each?other.?Indeed,?this?meeting?acquired?a?special?interest,?because?ofthe?appeal?and?the?wider?dimension?of?sport.In?any?case,?though,?the?Games?of?Athens?were?successfully?organized,?whichleads?to?the?conclusion?that?instead?of?a …” „… St.,?Anti-doping?revisited?-?the?demise?of?the?rule?of??purely?sporting?interest??,in:?European?Competition?Law?Review?2006,?Szyszczak E.,?Competition?and?Sport,?in:European?Law?Review?2007.377 Weatherill …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The gradual entrance of sport in the EC Treaty S. 170-171

„… A.,?Sport?and?the?EC?Treaty:A?tale?of?Aneasy?Bedfellows?,in?European?Law?Review?2006.391 Ibid.170 …” „… ernments?attached?great?importance?to?sport.?Also,?sport?concerned?indirectly?manycommunities’?policies,?such?as?health.Moreover,?sport?as?an?economic?activity?under?article?2?EC,?should?respect?thecommunity?law …” „… .?It?is?mainly?covered?by?the?provisions?that?concern?the?freedomof?movement?of?workers.?As?the?Walrave?rules?held,?sport?is?caught?by?the?ambitof?EC?law?only?in?so?far?as?it?constitutes?an?economic?activity.?This?ruling?was?laterconfirmed?by?many?other?ECJ?rulings.The declarations of Amsterdam and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport: a defined Community term with international references S. 167-168

„… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …” „… eady?involved?in?this?level?in?the?framework?of?the?Europe?of?cities?andthe?European?Networks?policy.It?has?to?be?ascertained,?therefore,?whether?the?effort?of?the?synthesis/composition?between?the?EC?law?and?the?IOC?law,?which?started?and?finished?in?Athens,will?continue?with?the?same?success?during?the?second?attempt?of?London?in?2012.Sport: a …” „… G.,?Intervention?in?the?Olympic?Games?Congress?(in?Greek),?Public?Law?Matters,?Applications?of?Public?Law,?Special?Edition,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?2003.385 Gonzalez J.S.,?Sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Composition and formation- arbitration agreement- competencydecisions S. 97-99

„… - decisionsCAS?is?governed?by?a?set?of?statutes?which?determine?the?composition,?the?formation,?the?competency?and?the?applicable?law?of?the?court?Mission?of?the?CAS?is?toresolve?by?arbitration?and/or?mediation?disputes?arising?within?the?field?of?sport.156 …” „… ? and?Sports?Law? Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,pp61-83,?also?in?)?http://www2 …” „… .warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.159 Dedes P./Zaglis?A.,?The?Court? of?Arbitration? for?Sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The challenge of the first European Olympic Games S. 51-54

„… mission?of?the?organization?to?the?EU?law?as?well?as?the?one?of?the?harmonic?coexistence?of?Europe?and?sport …” „… ?is?always?vital.?The?coexistence?of?the?EU?with?thesport?is?a?matter?that?has?bothered?intensely?both?the?theory?and?the?communityorgans.?Subsequently,?a?European?dimension?of?sport?constituters?a?matter?whichattracts?the?attention?every?time?that?a?city?of?the?EU?is?to?organize?a?major?sportingevent,?such?as?the?Olympic?Games.?The?Community?Law?as?well?as?the?case?law/jurisprudence?are?now?dealing?with?systematically?with?sport?and?after?the?Bosmanjudgement,? there? have? been?many? judgements …” „… ? contemporarycharacter?of?the?matter.?Under?this?framework,?the?Olympics?acquire?a?particularinterest?as?an?organization?subject?to?the?EC?law?in?so?far?as?the?community?law?isgetting?involved?in?relations?which?are?of?the?international?sport?community?interestbut? also? of? connected? to? sport? financial? interest.? The? organization? of? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The dialectic relation between the Olympic Charter and the legal order of the Host City – The legal nature of the Olympic Charter S. 213-216

„… e?to?that?issue.The?relation?between?private?and?public?law?was?clearly?seen?in?the?case?law?ofthe?Council?of?State?concerning?related?issues?of?sports?law …” „… ules?of?international?treaties.?Certain?conclusions?can?be?drawn?from?other?rules?of?the?sports?law …” „… .?Still,?the?consequences?thereofhave?strong?political?bearing?on?the?cities?that?undertake?the?Olympic?organizationdue?to?the?significance?the?Olympic?Games?have?acquired.The?effect?of?these?contracts?is?decided,?obviously,?by?the?law?that?governs?them,but?also?by?the?constitutional?legal?order?that?each?contracting?party?belongs?to.This?remark?assumes?particular?interest?when?considered?in?the?framework?of?theexisting?constitutional?provisions?on?sport?and?the?obligation?of?State?concern?(e.g.article?16.9 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rationalization of the sports phenomenon in the framework of the Council of Europe S. 182-183

„… lawThe?case?law?of?the?European?Court?of?Justice?reveals?that?there?is?an?ever-increasing?effort?to?rationalize?sports?law.?This?is?expressed?mainly?through?the?effort?tobring?sports?law?under?a?hierarchy?of?rules,?as?in?the?case?of?the?latter?judgement.T …” „… ?these?contravene?the?Treaty.?The?Host?City?Contract?would?not?be?able?tosolve?the?problem,?nor?override?Community?law.The rationalization of sports rules in the framework of Community …” „… ?within?the?Community?framework?–?TheHelsinki?Report?on?Sport.?This?Report?sets?forth?the?need?to?rationalize?sports?lawas?well?as?the?need?for?Community?regulation?to?prevail400 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Bid Process S. 205-207

„… ,? theorganization?of?extracurricular?sport?in?associations?revealed?the?character?of?theorganization?of?sport?in?Greece?too,?which?is?primarily?of?associative?nature.?Article37?of?Law?5620/1932?(Government?Gazette,?290?A?)?specifies?that?private?initiativei …” „… ?associations?had?the?possibility?to?found?unions?at?prefectural?level.?In?turn,?unions?had?the?possibility?tofound?leagues?or?federations?at?national?level.The?organization?of?amateur?and?professional?sport?is?today?governed?by?Law2725/1999?(Government?Gazette,?121/A?),?which?declares?and …” „… ?acknowledges?theassociative?nature?of?the?organization?of?sport?by?regulating?even?from?the?very?firstarticle?the?status?of?sports?associations431.?Article?7?of?the?said?law?institutes?theself-determination?of?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative framework of sport and its relation to the Olympic organization S. 57

„… al?pluralism?in?sports?law,?changing?up?to?a?great?extent?basic?acceptances/positions?of?the?theory:?the?EC?law?claimed?and?gained?its?prevalenceThe legislative framework of sport and its relation to the Olympic organizationSport as a means of …” „… ?adopted?the?way?sport?is?organized?in?Europe?on?the?basis?of?associations,?which?are?also?governed?by?private?law.?As?part?of?this?organization?structure,?the?Olympic?Movement?has?functioned?independently?and?has?set?the?fundamental?rules?that?are?in?force?for?sports?issues?concerning?these?associations58 …” „… A.,?The?scientific?approach?of?sports?law(In?Greek),?Ant.Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini,?2000 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The White Paper on sport S. 175

„… ., Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,Manchesterm?2003,?Blanpain R …” „… ., The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?underInternational,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,The?Hague?2003.Weatherill S.,?European?Sports?Law,?Collected?Papers,?University?of?Oxford,?Oxford?2007.175 …” „… The White Paper on sportThe?European?Commission?released?on?the?11th?July?2007 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The human body, the international society and the fair play of history S. 18-25

„… ?education?programs?will?be?carried?out?ingovernment?departments,?especially?in?the?law?enforcement?organizations,?to?improve?government?staff's?initiative?in?legal?administration?and?their?knowledge?of?law?and?to?raise?theirlaw?enforcement?ability?and?service?quality.?Government?work?will?be?open?to?the?publicsupervision?and?information …” „… historyCoubertin?mentions?that?“sports …” „… tal?collection?of?values,?which?beyond?their?naturalexistence?are?developing?via?the?participation?on?sport.?This?principle?comprisesthe?fundamental?values?of?the?modern?theory?of?sport?and?of?the?sport?education?ona?human?basis.4Coubertin?is?also?respons …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova History S. 95-96

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …” „… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputeseffectively,?within?the?family?of?sport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp61-83,?also?in?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.95 …” „… D.,?Sports?Law-?A?European?Dimension?(in?Greek),?Ant.Sakkoulas?Publishers,?Athens-Komotini?2003,?p.126.152 Code?of?Court?Arbitration?for?Sport?S?4 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international constitutional framework of sports S. 64-65

„… ?takeinto?consideration?the?recent?developments?in?the?field?of?sports?law.Undoubtedly,?such?an?attractive?financially?and?politically?matter?as?sport?is?afield?of?competition?between?the?private?action?and?the?state?interests.?Therefore,sport …” „… ? initialtreaties,?gradually?acquired?a?particular?interest?in?the?sporting?affairs,?in?particularbecause?of?the?ECJ?jurisprudence.68 Nafziger J.A.R.,?International?Sports?Law, ?Transnational?Publishers,?Ardsley,?NY,?2004 …” „… R.,?The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?under?International,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law?Kluwer?Academic?Publishers,?The?Hague,2003.64The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to theforming of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and the Olympic Charter S. 90-95

„… J.Y.,?La?reconnaissance?par?le?juge?administratif?d’un?servicepublic?administratif?du?sport,?JCP,?1975,?I,?2724.?S.?also?above?footnotes?and?references?torelated?French?case?law.143 Cohen- Tanugi …” „… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …” „… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputeseffectively,?within?the?family?of?sport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp61-83,?also?in?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.95 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova ICAS S. 96-97

„… D.,?Sports?Law-?A?European?Dimension?(in?Greek),?Ant.Sakkoulas?Publishers,?Athens-Komotini?2003,?p.126.152 Code?of?Court?Arbitration?for?Sport?S?4 …” „… ., Arbitration?at? theOlympics?:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law …” „… - decisionsCAS?is?governed?by?a?set?of?statutes?which?determine?the?composition,?the?formation,?the?competency?and?the?applicable?law?of?the?court?Mission?of?the?CAS?is?toresolve?by?arbitration?and/or?mediation?disputes?arising?within?the?field?of?sport.156 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rules S. 163-165

„… ports?law,?which?is?expressed?by?its?submission?to?ahierarchic?structure?of?rules,?like?the?case?of?the?aforementioned?judgment.?Thiseffort?is?confirmed?by?the?Report?from?the?Commission?to?the?European?Councilwith?a? view? to? safeguarding?current? sport? structures?and?maintaining? the …” „… ? socialfunction?of?sport?within?Community?framework-The?Helsinki?Report?on?Sportwhich?presents?the?need?of?rationalization?of?the?sports?law …” „… ?as?performing?an?educational,?public?health,?socail,?cultural?and?recreational?function?and?couldbe?a?key?vehicle?which?could?lead?to?the?attainment?of?these?objectives.?The?paper?advacateda?dual?approach?to?sport:?on?the?one?hand?the?integration?of?sport?into?various?communitypolicies?and?on?the?other?hand?it?ensured?the?implementation?of?Community?law.163The?relation?among?the?Olympic?movement?rules?and?the?EC?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The freedom to contract and the relation between the associative nature of sport and the Olympic organization S. 61-63

„… deals,?the?associative?nature?of?sport?proved?to?be?an?extremelyefficient?means,?since?all?the?members?of?the?Olympic?Movement?accepted?successively?the?legislative?framework?set?by?the?IOC?and?especially?the?rules?of?theOlympic?Charter.?Private?law …” „… bodies?and?the?special?Regulations?emanate?from?the?same?source?of?inspiration,which?is?the?autonomy?of?the?sports …” „… ?phenomenon.?The?latter?is?keenly?embracedby?the?modern?state,?especially?due?to?its?political?and?economic?interest.?Theseanalogies?explain?to?a?large?extent?the?nature?and?essence?of?sports?rules?and?of?therules?of?the?Olympic?Movement.For?the?needs?of?the?present?study,?the?examination?of?the?above?issues?is?limitedto?the?Olympic?organization?of?2004?by?the?city?of?Athens?and?does?not?expan …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The prevalence of the Community law over the regulations of the sporting institutions S. 156-159

„… ? phenomenon?by?the?national?laws?as?well?as?the?guaranteeing?of?the?fundamental?freedoms?as?regards?the?private?monopolistic?organization?of?sport.The prevalence of the Community law over the regulations of the sportinginstitutionsThe?ECJ …” „… J.,?European?Law:?two?Swimmers?Drown?the?“Sporting?Exception”,? in? The? International? Sports? Law? Journal,? p.? 118.? See? also?Zen-Ruffinen P./Schweitzer P …” „… )?wereapplicable?to?sport?and?to?relations?that?were?not?governed?by?the?public?law.?Thecrucial?question?was?the?one?about?the?compatibility?of?the?UCI?rules?with?the?articleof?the?Treaty.In?this?case,? the?claimant?challenged?a?rule …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Fair play in the Code of Sports Ethics of the Council of Europe S. 73-74

„… ?for?the?Host?Cities,?but?only?to?the?extent?that?they?arebinding?under?the?respective?Contracts.Therefore,?these?principles?cannot?be?understood?through?a?constitutional?approach?or?an?approach?on?the?basis?of?international?law?principles?on?human?rights,but?only?at?philosophical?or?historical?level.Fair play in the Code of Sports Ethics of the Council of …” „… lawsCertain?concepts?included?in?the?Olympic?Charter,?among?the?above-mentioned,have?been?incorporated?into?sources?of?the?Greek?law,?whereas?others?preserve?thestatus?of?ethical?rules,?which?are?part?of?contractual?relations?governed?by?the?privatewill91 …” „… Baron?de?Coubertin?endeavoured?something?much?greater,?at?ideological?and?political?level,?than?the?staging?of?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the rules of the Olympic Movement S. 181-182

„… ?admission?gives?rise?to?the?problem?of?the?bindingeffect?of?the?IOC?rules?and?the?obligations?resulting?from?the?Host?City?Contractsin?case?these?contravene?the?Treaty.?The?Host?City?Contract?would?not?be?able?tosolve?the?problem,?nor?override?Community?law.The rationalization of sports rules in the framework of Community …” „… lawThe?case?law?of?the?European?Court?of?Justice?reveals?that?there?is?an?ever-increasing?effort?to?rationalize?sports?law.?This?is?expressed?mainly?through?the?effort?tobring?sports?law?under?a?hierarchy?of?rules,?as?in?the?case?of?the?latter?judgement.T …” „… ?rules?established?by?private?organizations,?it?can?be?noted?that?the?Courtaccepts?them,?in?so?far?as?they?do?not?restrict?the?Treaty?provisions?and?keep?toissues?bearing?on?the?activity?of?sports?associations.?At?the?same?time,?the?Courtinsists?upon?the?primacy?of?Community?law?against?any?kind?of?rules?or?practicesof?national?or?international?federations?or?associations?governed?by?private?law.The?more?recent?judgments?make?reference?to?the?Bosman?ruling?as?well?as?to?thedeclaration?no.?29 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter and consequences thereof. The concept of the Sporting Spirit, of sports traditions and of the Olympic Ideal and fair play S. 71-73

„… ?for?the?Host?Cities,?but?only?to?the?extent?that?they?arebinding?under?the?respective?Contracts.Therefore,?these?principles?cannot?be?understood?through?a?constitutional?approach?or?an?approach?on?the?basis?of?international?law?principles?on?human?rights,but?only?at?philosophical?or?historical?level.Fair play in the Code of Sports Ethics of the Council of …” „… ?level?of?international?law,?the?piece?and?security?of?the?Games?constitutes?a?mixture? of?one? ideology?and?one?grant.?After?Munich?and? the?11th …” „… concept of the Sporting Spirit, of sports traditions andof the Olympic Ideal and fair …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The limits to the autonomy of the Olympic organization S. 183-185

„… ,? theOlympic?Games,?making?use?of?state?and?private?means.?The?overview?of?the?resultis?assigned?to?the?main?financier.The?leap?endeavored?by?the?Baron?de?Coubertin?consisted?in?the?will?throughsport?to?penetrate?into?the?historical?destiny?of?the?world.?Private?law?had?supportedhim? in? his? endeavor.? The? modern? approach? to? the? sports? phenomenon …” „… ?the?EuropeanSports?Charter,?which?bears?many?resemblances?to?the?Olympic?Charter.?On?thesame?day?the?Committee?of?Ministers?adopted?the?Code?of?Sports …” „… ?Ethics?–?FairPlay,?including?definitions?of?ethical?principles?as?well?as?a?definition?of?pair?play.The?Council?of?Europe?takes?active?part?in?the?protection?and?development?ofsport?and?recently,?during?the?9th?Conference?of?European?Ministers?responsiblefor?Sport?‘A?Clean?and?Healthy?Sport?for?the?3 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Union S. 137-141

„… G.,?Doping?and?fundamental?rights?of?athletes:?comments?in?the?wake?of?adoption?of?the?World?anti-doping?Code,?in?ISLR?2003.291 Panagiotopoulos D.,?Sports?Law …” „… ?(in?Greek),?Nomiki?Vivliothiki?Publication,?Athens?2006.292 Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,? Sports? Law …” „… k?it?can?bededuced?he?role?that?sport?can?play?at?a?level?of?common?application?of?the?community?law?and?subsequently?a?totally?political?role.138 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract of Athens and the Olympic Charter S. 209-211

„… he?Contract?was?governed?by?the?Swiss?law.It?should?be?noted?that?attached?to?the?Contract?were?guarantees?by?the?Ministersof?Sport …” „… ?rules.?It?could?be?presentably?maintained?that?the?Host?CityContract,?both?from?the?organic?and?functional?point?of?view,?is?an?administrativecontract?governed?by?the?rules?of?public?law.?However,?this?viewpoint?engendersa?serious?issue?both?for?the?governing?law?and?the?jurisdiction?of?the?Court?of?Arbitration?for?Sport,?to?which?is?submitted?the?Host?City?Contract.As?far?as?the?governing?law?is?concerned,?if?we?consider?that?the?Contract?isadministrative,?seeing?that?it …” „… ? is?not?ratified?by?law,?the?question?that?is?raised?iswhether?it?is?possible?for?the?Contract?to?be?governed?by?a?foreign?law.Lastly,?with?regard?to?the?determination?of?disputes?arising?from?the?Host?CityContract?by?the?Court?of?Arbitration?for?Sport,?one?should?note?the?criticality?of?the432 The?Host?City?Contract?of?5.9.1997 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping S. 134

„… ., Drugs,?Health?andSporting?Values,?in:?Sport:?Socio-Legal?Perspectives,?London-Sydney,?2001,?pp.?253,?SoekJ.W., ?The?Legal?Nature?of?Doping?Law,?The?International?Sports?Law …” „… .K.?FITZGERALD,?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?Sport:?Doping?and?Due?Process?During?theOlympics,?Sports?Lawyer?Journal?2000,?p.?234.282 Cox N.,?Legislation?of?Drug?Use?in?Sport,?in:?ISLR?2002.134 …” „… DopingGeneralNowadays,?doping?is?a?disease?for?sport?and?human?society.?It?derives?from?theDutch?word?“dop”,?a?beverage?that?Zulu?warriors?used?prior?to?battle.281?The?termbecame?current?at?the?early?20th?century?in?reference?to?illegal?drugging …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Freedom of the athlete’s establishment S. 191-193

„… laimants’?appeal.The?ECJ,?judging?on?appeal,?even?if?ended?up?with?the?same?result,?proceededto?a?direct?application?of?the?EC?competition?rules?to?sport.?It?stated?that?the?dopingrules?are?subject?to?the?EC?law,?yet?they?do?not?constitute?a?restriction?of?competitionincompatible?with?the?Common?Market,?within?the?meaning?of?Art. 81 …” „… .Indeed,?the?financial?importance?of?sport?made?it?necessary?for?it?to?be?subject?tothe?EC?law.The?EU?law …” „… though,?only?in?so?far?as?we?do?not?deal?with?amateur?sport,?which?is?prima?facieexempted?by?the?scope?of?the?EC?law.414 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sporting Rules, Olympic Games and International Law S. 69-70

„… International LawIt?is?gradually?noticed?that?beyond?the?European?interest?in?sport?there?is?also?anincreasing …” „… ? theobjective?disciplinary?liability?if?the?team?for?its?spectators’?behaviour.?As?we?cansee,?in?Greek?law?there?is?also?a?restriction?of?the?right?to?participate?in?sport?of?thefootball?fans,?but?this?seems?to?be?more?reasonable?and?less?harsh?than?the?Englishlaw?and?therefore?can?survive?the?European?law?challenge.Sporting Rules, Olympic Games and …” „… ? international?community.?Thisseems?to?be?obvious?due?to?the?regime?of?the?Ifs?concerning?the?respective?sports.These?federations?though?are?a?part?of?the?IOC?structure?and?are?eventually?subjecthierarchically?to?its?rules.?The?international?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Competition Policy S. 187-191

„… I.,?The?New?European?Competition?Lawand?its?application?to?sports?activity,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?Pandektis?(ISRL/Pandektis,?Vol.7:1-2,?2007),?Parrish …” „… ? beconsistent?with?both?the?EC?law?and?the?special?character?of?the?sport.?A?satisfactorysolution?was? finally?found?on?the?5th?March?2001 …” „… PolicyThe?sport?activity?is?detected?in?two?different?levels:?on?the?one?hand?there?is?thepurely?sporting?activity,?which?serves?the?culture,?the?society?and?the?integration?init?and?leaves?no?room?for?the?EC?competition?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to the forming of a European perception about sports S. 65-66

„… nsidered?to?have?thesame?objective?as?the?community?law.?It?always?has?though?an?institutional?particularity?which?should?be?highlighted?and?carefully?approached.Violence and misbehaviour at sport eventsViolence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe …” „… ? introduce?constitutionalprovisions?for?sport?and?greatly?interfere?to?its?exercise.?By?various?statutes/lawsthey?try?to?slip?into?the?action?of?sport?clubs?and?control?their?action.?At?the?sametime,?there?are? international?organizations? that?make?a?reference? to …” „… The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to theforming of a …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sponsorship S. 264-266

„… Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …” „… U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3rd?Edition,?Sydney-London,?2005,,?p.458.573 Bruhn M.,? Die? Entwicklung? neuer …” „… ? D.P.Panagiotopoulos,Sports?Law:?Implementation?and?the?Olympic?Games,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas?Publishers,?Athens-Komotini,?IOC?marketing?Fact?File?2004,?p.21.575 Colantuoni L,?op?cit,?IOC?marketing?Fact?File?2004,?pp39-40.576 Colantuoni L …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 134-135

„… ., Drugs,?Health?andSporting?Values,?in:?Sport:?Socio-Legal?Perspectives,?London-Sydney,?2001,?pp.?253,?SoekJ.W., ?The?Legal?Nature?of?Doping?Law,?The?International?Sports?Law …” „… .K.?FITZGERALD,?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?Sport:?Doping?and?Due?Process?During?theOlympics,?Sports?Lawyer?Journal?2000,?p.?234.282 Cox N.,?Legislation?of?Drug?Use?in?Sport,?in:?ISLR?2002.134 …” „… DopingGeneralNowadays,?doping?is?a?disease?for?sport?and?human?society.?It?derives?from?theDutch?word?“dop”,?a?beverage?that?Zulu?warriors?used?prior?to?battle.281?The?termbecame?current?at?the?early?20th?century?in?reference?to?illegal?drugging …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The declarations of Amsterdam and Nice S. 171

„… .?It?is?mainly?covered?by?the?provisions?that?concern?the?freedomof?movement?of?workers.?As?the?Walrave?rules?held,?sport?is?caught?by?the?ambitof?EC?law?only?in?so?far?as?it?constitutes?an?economic?activity.?This?ruling?was?laterconfirmed?by?many?other?ECJ?rulings.The declarations of Amsterdam and …” „… ernments?attached?great?importance?to?sport.?Also,?sport?concerned?indirectly?manycommunities’?policies,?such?as?health.Moreover,?sport …” „… ?as?an?economic?activity?under?article?2?EC,?should?respect?thecommunity?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Dispute Resolution-Establishment of a separate court S. 95

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …” „… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputeseffectively,?within?the?family?of?sport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp61-83,?also?in?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.95 …” „… courtThe?sporting?movement?is?very?interested?in?securing?its?submission?in?a?specialjurisdiction,?the?one?of?the?sport?judge.?This?choice?indicates?the?wish?for?autonomyof?the?sporting?movement?and?allows?to?the?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Court of Arbitration for Sports (C. A. S.) S. 95

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …” „… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputeseffectively,?within?the?family?of?sport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp61-83,?also?in?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.95 …” „… courtThe?sporting?movement?is?very?interested?in?securing?its?submission?in?a?specialjurisdiction,?the?one?of?the?sport?judge.?This?choice?indicates?the?wish?for?autonomyof?the?sporting?movement?and?allows?to?the?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sustainable development according to the Olympic Charter and the Host City Contract S. 114-117

„… ues.?What?should?also?be?examined?is?whether?and?to?which?extent?theGreek?legislation?should?incorporate?the?rules?of?the?IOC?into?the?national?law.227 Bento J.,?Sport …” „… ?and?simultaneously?the?IOC?proceeded?to?the“Declaration?on?Sport?and?Sustainable?Development”.?According?to?this?declaration,?the?Agenda?21?is?a?vehicle? that?defines?actions …” „… ? themembers?of?the?Olympic?Movement?and?all?the?participants?in?sport?and?sportingbusinesses?are?required?to?respect?the?Agenda?21?in?the?best?possible?way?and?withrespect?in?the?culture,?the?traditions?and?their?convictions …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London 2012 Olympics S. 50-51

„… mission?of?the?organization?to?the?EU?law?as?well?as?the?one?of?the?harmonic?coexistence?of?Europe?and?sport …” „… ?is?always?vital.?The?coexistence?of?the?EU?with?thesport?is?a?matter?that?has?bothered?intensely?both?the?theory?and?the?communityorgans.?Subsequently,?a?European?dimension?of?sport?constituters?a?matter?whichattracts?the?attention?every?time?that?a?city?of?the?EU?is?to?organize?a?major?sportingevent,?such?as?the?Olympic?Games.?The?Community?Law?as?well?as?the?case?law/jurisprudence?are?now?dealing?with?systematically?with?sport?and?after?the?Bosmanjudgement,? there? have …” „… ? contemporarycharacter?of?the?matter.?Under?this?framework,?the?Olympics?acquire?a?particularinterest?as?an?organization?subject?to?the?EC?law?in?so?far?as?the?community?law?isgetting?involved?in?relations?which?are?of?the?international?sport?community?interestbut? also? of? connected? to? sport? financial? interest.? The? organization? of? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympics and Broadcasting S. 282-283

„… A.,?The?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?the?role?of?law,?in?Entertainment?LawReview?2004.621 Ibid.282 …” „… ?ambush?marketing.?For?instance,?the?current?legislationcan?probably?stop?aspiring?ambushers?from?making?connection?to?the?Olympicsthrough?television?or?inside?the?Olympic?venues.?However,?how?could?we?possibly622 Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …” „… M.,?Team?Sport?and?collectiveselling?of?TV?rights:?The?Netherlands?and?European?Law?aspects,?in?International?SportsLaw?Journal?2004.623 UNESCO?Constitutional?Charter,?article?8,?Panagiotopoulos D./ Kourogeni …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The contemporary exercising body S. 31-33

„… th?century.?Also,?humanbody?did?not?bother?the?law?so?much.?Only?some?moral?dilemmas?induced?a?legislative?intervention.Modern?sport,?being?organized?in?private?law …” „… ).Within?this?vision,?there?was?little?room?for?approximate?and?non-precise?talesof?great?performances.?The?sport?record?can?be?seen?as?the?modern,?scientific?version?of?the?traditional?great?deed.?The?British?introduced?new?rule?systems?to?secureequal? opportunity? and? exact?measurements? of? performance …” „… ? ingeneral?and?to?the?establishment?of?the?modern?Olympic?Movement?in?particular,competitive?sport?became?an?international?phenomenon.?The?quest?for?progress?andnew?records?is?perhaps?most?clearly?articulated?in?the?Olympic?motto?citius, altius,fortius.?Sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The hosting of the Games, the regulations and the institutions S. 15-16

„… cial?importance,taking?into?consideration?the?existence?of?the?Community?Law.The?transition?of?the?sporting?events?in?various?states?and?cities?is?closely?linkedwith?the?history?of?sports …” „… ? increasingly?economicinterest.?Also,?institutionally?they?allow?a?regulatory?composition?that?many?international?organizations?would?be?envious?of.?It?has?to?be?pointed?out?from?the?verybeginning?that?he?Community?law?never?lost?its?interest?for?the?sport …” „… R.L.,?Effects?of?events?on?nationaland?international?images,?in?H.C.?Kelman?(ed.):?International?behavior:?a?social-psychologicalanalysis.?Holt,?Rinehart???Winston,?New?York,?1965,?p.?130-187,?Wong, Glenn M.,?Essentialsof?sports?law.?Praeger,?2002,?Wise A. N./ Meyer B.S …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legal status of the Olympic organization and the legislative framework of sport S. 60-61

„… ?phenomenon?has?been?regulated.?For?that?reason?the?basicguidelines?have?been?laid?down?from?the?beginning,?which?will?occur?throughoutthe?present?study.?If?they?were?to?be?mentioned?briefly,?these?guidelines?would?bethe?following:?the?regional?character,?the?fundamental?relation?between?sport?andthe?city,?the?self-determination?of?sport?through?private?law?associations,?as?wellas?the?relation?between?the?athlete,?the?sport …” „… sportWhat?has?been?mentioned?about?the?existing?framework?of?sport,?takes?on?a?particular?importance?in?view?of?the?organization?of?the?Olympic?Games?of?2004 …” „… w?the?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Convention of Human Rights S. 141-143

„… Beloff M./KerrT./ Demetriou M.,?Sports?Law,?Hart?Publishing,?Oxford-Portland?Oregon1999 p.234.300 …” „… d?erred?in?considering?the?IOCanti-doping?rules?as?ones?of?“purely?sporting?interest”.?It?found?that?the?IOC's?ruleson?doping?control?fell?within?the?scope?of?Community?competition?law,?but?thatthey?were?compatible?with?it,?as?they?did?not?go?beyond?what?was?necessary?toensure? the? proper? conduct? of? competitive? sport.?More? specifically …” „… E.,?Competition?and?Sport,?in?European?Law?Review,?2007.307 At?37.308 At?49.309 Weatherhill …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The particular attributes of the Olympic organization – An autonomous legislative framework for the Olympic Games S. 60

„… ?phenomenon?has?been?regulated.?For?that?reason?the?basicguidelines?have?been?laid?down?from?the?beginning,?which?will?occur?throughoutthe?present?study.?If?they?were?to?be?mentioned?briefly,?these?guidelines?would?bethe?following:?the?regional?character,?the?fundamental?relation?between?sport?andthe?city,?the?self-determination?of?sport?through?private?law?associations,?as?wellas?the?relation?between?the?athlete,?the?sport …” „… sportWhat?has?been?mentioned?about?the?existing?framework?of?sport,?takes?on?a?particular?importance?in?view?of?the?organization?of?the?Olympic?Games?of?2004 …” „… w?the?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ad hoc section (ADH) S. 99-100

„… Even?though?CAS?arbitrators?are?not?generally?obliged?to?follow?earlier?decisionsor?obey?a?binding?legal?precedent,?they?often?do?so,?contributing?in?this?way?to?thecreation?of?a?very?useful?body?of?sports?law,169?often?characterized?as?lex?sportiva.Ad hoc section …” „… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputes?effectively,?within?the?family?ofsport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp?61-83,?alsoin?)?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.169 …” „… ’s? Jurisprudence,? in?Entertainment? and?Sports?Law? Journal,? ISSN?1748-944X.January?2006,?http://www2 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Meca-Medina Judgement S. 143-145

„… d?erred?in?considering?the?IOCanti-doping?rules?as?ones?of?“purely?sporting?interest”.?It?found?that?the?IOC's?ruleson?doping?control?fell?within?the?scope?of?Community?competition?law,?but?thatthey?were?compatible?with?it,?as?they?did?not?go?beyond?what?was?necessary?toensure? the? proper? conduct? of? competitive? sport.?More? specifically …” „… E.,?Competition?and?Sport,?in?European?Law?Review,?2007.307 At?37.308 At?49.309 Weatherhill …” „… consistent?with?European?competition?law.304?Finally,?the?court?did?not?allow?theclaimants’?appeal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Final Remarks S. 147-148

„… ? itsexistence.?It?is?believed?that?doping?is?immoral?and?unhealthy;?it?is?cheating?and?itsuse?should?be?regulated?by?the?criminal?law,?with?the?main?aim?to?protect?the?publicinterest.314?The?arguments?above?suggest?that?doping?undermines?sport …” „… rd?Panhellenic?Congresss?of?Sports?Law,?Athens?December?2006.148 …” „… sportSport?has?been?always?linked?with?the?principle?of?fair?play.?Sport?therefore?promotes?values?that?society?creates,?approves?of?and?wishes?to?safeguard.?These?valuesrelate?to?health,?honesty,?fairness,?fitness?and?a?series?of?other?general?values?thatpromote? the? healthy?development? of? individuals? and,? subsequently,? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games of a city, a contact, an ideology S. 117-119

„… Therefore,?it?is?obvious?that?the?Host?City?undertakes?contractually,?through?theprivate? law?many?commitments?which?concern? the? relative? state? and? it? is …” „… A.,?The?legal?nature?of?the?IOC?and?the?Ifs?and?their?relation?to?the?internationaland?national?legal?order,?in?Klamaris N./Malatos A./Bredimas A.,?Olympic?Games?andLaw,?op?cit,?p.73 …” „… sec.,?Giannopoulos,?Contractual?relationships?among?state,?hosting?city,OCOG?and?sponsors,?in?Olympic?games?and?law,?op?cit.,?p.277.117The?Olympics,?as?a?concept?and?as?a?fact,?constitute?an?important?ideologicaland?p …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport, Freedom of movement, mutual recognition and right of establishment S. 186-187

„… Chapter?9Special EU law IssuesSport, Freedom of movement, mutual recognition and right of …” „… ,?which,?according?to?the?Commission,falls?within?the?scope?of?the?Treaty.?Indeed,?the?Commission?takes?action?in?orderfot?he?states?to?respect?the?fundamental?rules?of?the?EC?law?as?well?the?ECJ?jurisprudence?regarding?the?ban?on?discrimination?and?the?freedom?of?movement?inrespect?of?the?access?of?the?EU?citizens?to?amateur?sport …” „… ?the?EC?law.The?recognition?of?certificates?constitutes?an?important?ingredient?of?the?freedomof?movement.?In?the?framework?of?professional?sport,?there?are?huge?differencesamong?the?member-states?as?regards?training/schooling.?The?circumstances?under403 Among?others,?see?Miettinen Samuli, Parrish …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Protection of athlete’s health S. 146-147

„… ?in?the?chemists’?laboratories.?In?respect?of?the?other?natural?differences,?it?should?be?stated?that?they?excist?in?every?field?of?human?activity?and?notonly?in?sport.?Life? is?unfair?and?that? is?why?law?should?intervene? to?rebate? thisunfairness.Protection of …” „… ? itsexistence.?It?is?believed?that?doping?is?immoral?and?unhealthy;?it?is?cheating?and?itsuse?should?be?regulated?by?the?criminal?law,?with?the?main?aim?to?protect?the?publicinterest.314?The?arguments?above?suggest?that?doping?undermines?sport …” „… ete?than?is?drug?use,?yet?it?is?legal.?Legislative?attempts?in?Britain?toban?the?violent?and?inherently?harmful?act?of?boxing?are?met?by?arguments?fromcivil?liberties?-the?logic?being?that?if?someone?wants?to?harm?himself?in?the?pursuitof?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The consequences of the effect of the rules of the Olympic Charter for the Host City Contract and its relation with the legislation of the host country S. 216-217

„… ?drew?the?borderlinebetween?private?and?public?law?in?the?rules?that?govern?sport?on?the?basis?of?article16.9?of?the?Constitution.?More?specifically?it?defined?that?the?private?will?regulateissue …” „… s?other?than?those?viewed?by?the?legislator?as?essential?for?the?fulfilment?ofState?concern,?which,?for?that?reason,?fall?under?the?sphere?of?the?public?law.The?aforementioned?judgments,?despite?the?fact?that?they?bear?on?sports …” „… r?and?set?limits?on?private?action.This?position,?which?is?adopted?by?the?jurisprudence,?as?to?the?relation?betweenprivate?law?rules?and?public?law?rules?on?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Competition-Public Contracts and Olympics Games S. 195-196

„… rulesOne?of?the?essential?components?of?organizing?sport?events?is?the?ticketing?system.Usually?implemented?by?the?Organizing?Committees?(OC),?it?is?not?unusual?thatthese?agreements?contravene?EC?Law.424In?the?Italy?1990?World?Cup,?the?OC?entered?into?a?w …” „… AssociadosProvided?by?World?Services?Group?Ticket?Arrangements?for?Sport?Events?and?EC?LawPublished?April?20,?2006?–?Portugal.196 …” „… ? interest?for?sport,?especially?on?theoccasion?of?the?Athens?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ideological background S. 124-127

„… D.,?Law?of?International?sport?relations?and?institutions,?Athens-Komotini:?Ant.N.?Sakkoulas?Publications,?(in?Greek)?1995,?p.34.258 Coubertin P. de,?The?Olympic?Games?of?1896 …” „… J.A.R.,?International?Sports?Law,?Transnational?Publishers,?New?York?1988.265 Giannaki/Giannakis,?op?cit.266 …” „… ?the?Games.?However,?the?revival?of?the?Olympics?was?not?followed?by?the?revivalof?the?truce.?The?Olympism?is?the?goal?to?place?sport?as?the?service?of?harmoniousdevelopment?of?man,?with?a?view?to?promoting?a?peaceful?society.255?However,?thatprinciple?was …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 263-264

„… Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …” „… U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3rd?Edition,?Sydney-London,?2005,,?p.458.573 Bruhn M.,? Die? Entwicklung? neuer …” „… MarketingGeneralAmbush?marketing?is?a?great?threat?of?modern?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The importance of sporting events for the international procedures S. 16-17

„… R.L.,?Effects?of?events?on?nationaland?international?images,?in?H.C.?Kelman?(ed.):?International?behavior:?a?social-psychologicalanalysis.?Holt,?Rinehart???Winston,?New?York,?1965,?p.?130-187,?Wong, Glenn M.,?Essentialsof?sports?law.?Praeger,?2002,?Wise A. N./ Meyer B.S …” „… ., .?International?sports?law?and?business.Kluwer?Law?International,?1997,?Rosentraub M …” „… ,?making?the?victory?of?the?democratic?states?a?depositary?of?the?internationalpolicy?and?the?sport?order.?London,?as?a?the?host?city?of?the?1948?Olympics?expressed?the?victory?of?the?Antant?Alliance,?while?the?Elsinki?1952 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Final Remarks S. 283-284

„… ?ambush?marketing.?For?instance,?the?current?legislationcan?probably?stop?aspiring?ambushers?from?making?connection?to?the?Olympicsthrough?television?or?inside?the?Olympic?venues.?However,?how?could?we?possibly622 Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …” „… M.,?Team?Sport?and?collectiveselling?of?TV?rights:?The?Netherlands?and?European?Law?aspects,?in?International?SportsLaw?Journal?2004.623 UNESCO?Constitutional?Charter,?article?8,?Panagiotopoulos D./ Kourogeni …” „… A.,?The?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?the?role?of?law,?in?Entertainment?LawReview?2004.283 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International respond S. 135-137

„… R.,?Doping?Sanctions,?What?Penalty,?in?I.S.L.R.?2002.286 Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,? Sports? Law …” „… G.,?Doping?and?fundamental?rights?of?athletes:?comments?in?the?wake?of?adoption?of?the?World?anti-doping?Code,?in?ISLR?2003.291 Panagiotopoulos D.,?Sports?Law …” „… ?(in?Greek),?Nomiki?Vivliothiki?Publication,?Athens?2006.292 Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,? Sports? Law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ambushing strategies and examples S. 266-270

„… M.,?Ambush?Marketing:A?study?of?legal?responses,?in?InternationalSports?Law?Review?(ISLR/Pandektis,?Vol?5:3,?2004).266for?IP?law?violations.?For?instance,?in?1996 …” „… ”,?in?D.P.Panagiotopoulos,?Sports?Law,Implementation?and?the?Olympic?Games,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini,?p.381.584 Colantoni,?op?cit.267 …” „… A.,?the?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?therole?of?law,?in?Entertainment?Law?Review,?2004.587 Colantoni,?op?cit.268bonus?of?1 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Olympic Committee (IOC) S. 85-87

„… ?and?the?adoptionand?implementation?of?the?World?Anti-Doping?Code.It?should?be?also?highlighted?that?according?to?the?Charter?the?NOCs?are?obligedto?preserve?their?autonomy?and?to?resist?all?pressures?of?any?kind,?including?political,?religious?or?economic?pressures?which?could?refrain?then?from?abiding?by?the117 Malatos?A.,?Lessons?of?Sport?Law?(in?Greek),?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini?2005,p.59 …” „… the?right?to?enter?into?a?contract?encounters/meets?the?principle?of?the?state?of?law,as?long?as?a?private?law …” „… ).?Only?a?city?that?has?been?approvedby?the?NOC?of?its?country?can?be?accepted?as?an?applicant?city?(bye-law?to?rule?34).Al …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violence and misbehaviour at sport events S. 66

„… nsidered?to?have?thesame?objective?as?the?community?law.?It?always?has?though?an?institutional?particularity?which?should?be?highlighted?and?carefully?approached.Violence and misbehaviour at sport eventsViolence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe …” „… ? introduce?constitutionalprovisions?for?sport?and?greatly?interfere?to?its?exercise.?By?various?statutes/lawsthey?try?to?slip?into?the?action?of?sport?clubs?and?control?their?action.?At?the?sametime,?there?are? international?organizations? that?make?a?reference? to …” „… variety?of?provisions?on?this?matter?that?is?regulated?by?the?national,?the?EC?and?theinternational?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Special EU law Issues S. 186

„… Chapter?9Special EU law IssuesSport, Freedom of movement, mutual recognition and right of …” „… ,?which,?according?to?the?Commission,falls?within?the?scope?of?the?Treaty.?Indeed,?the?Commission?takes?action?in?orderfot?he?states?to?respect?the?fundamental?rules?of?the?EC?law?as?well?the?ECJ?jurisprudence?regarding?the?ban?on?discrimination?and?the?freedom?of?movement?inrespect?of?the?access?of?the?EU?citizens?to?amateur?sport …” „… ?the?EC?law.The?recognition?of?certificates?constitutes?an?important?ingredient?of?the?freedomof?movement.?In?the?framework?of?professional?sport,?there?are?huge?differencesamong?the?member-states?as?regards?training/schooling.?The?circumstances?under403 Among?others,?see?Miettinen Samuli, Parrish …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Obligatory submission-standard clauses-human rights S. 101-102

„… M.,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in2004,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.186 Dagtoglou …” „… . ,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in2004,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.102 …” „… ?Olympic?Games?shall?be?submitted?exclusively?to?the?Court?of?Arbitrationfor?Sport.?In?Athens,?CAS's?jurisdiction?sprang?from?a?variety?of?sources.?BeyondArticle?74?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?all?IFs?(including?since?the?Sydney?Olympics,the?IAAF?and?FIFA)?pro …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’ S. 218-222

„… The?complete?text?of?the?said?law?can?be?found?in?Kousoulis S.-/Malatos A.,?Sports?Legislation?(In?Greek),?Ant.?Sakkoulas,?2000,?pp.?250 ff.448 …” „… entatives?from?the?main?social,?intellectual,?artistic?and?sports?authorities?of?the?country.?This?representation?is?inherentin?the?basic?mission?of?the?Committee,?as?this?is?described?in?article?1?of?the?law …” „… ,?were?eventually?incorporated?into?two?articles?of?Law?2725/1999?‘Amateur?and?professional?sport?and?other?provisions’?(Government?Gazette?121 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European Forum on Sport S. 173

„… E.,?Competition?and?Sport,?in?European?Law?Review,?2007.173 …” „… might?have?been?proven?difficult?to?develop?under?the?current?disagreements?overthe?role?of?sport …” „… SportThe?European?Forum?on?sport?constitutes?the?meeting?point?between?the?EU?andthe?sporting?world.The?first?European?forum?on?sport?took?place?in?1991 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova CAS and ECHR S. 100-101

„… table?for?the?required?speed?andstability?in?sport?and?has?definitely?marked?the?beginning?of?a?new?era?in?sport?law.CAS and …” „… ECHRAs?it?has?already?been?mentioned,?speed?in?dispute?resolution?in?sports …” „… Th.,?Human?Rights:?a?speed?bump?for?arbitral?procedures??An?exploration?of?safeguards?in?the?acceleration?of?justice,?in?International?Arbitration?Law?Review?2006.179 Schultz Th.,?ibid.180 Schultz Th.,?ibid,?Beddard R.,?Human?Rights?and?Europe,?3 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2833/2000 ‘Issues of Preparation of the Olympic Games of 2004 and other provisions’ S. 227-229

„… ?Organization?and?of?the?Olympic?Equestrian?Centre?and?theFaliron?Multi-Purpose?Complex?to?the?Hellenic?Horse?Racing?Organization.Law?2819/2000 …” „… ?did?it?focus?exclusively?on?the?OlympicWorks?sector.?It?was?also?the?founding?enactment?of?the?Société?anonyme?‘OlympicVillage?2004?SA’,?as?provided?by?article?1?of?the?law.?The?exclusive?shareholderof?‘Olympic?Village?2004 …” „… ?of?the?said?law?expanded?the?aims?andpowers?of?the?‘Hellenic?Cultural?Heritage?SA’,?which?had?been?created?by?virtueof?Law?2557/1997?(Government?Gazette?271 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The image of sport S. 147

„… ? itsexistence.?It?is?believed?that?doping?is?immoral?and?unhealthy;?it?is?cheating?and?itsuse?should?be?regulated?by?the?criminal?law,?with?the?main?aim?to?protect?the?publicinterest.314?The?arguments?above?suggest?that?doping?undermines?sport …” „… sportSport?has?been?always?linked?with?the?principle?of?fair?play.?Sport?therefore?promotes?values?that?society?creates,?approves?of?and?wishes?to?safeguard.?These?valuesrelate?to?health,?honesty,?fairness,?fitness?and?a?series?of?other?general?values?thatpromote? the? healthy?development? of? individuals? and,? subsequently,? the …” „… ? healthydevelopment?of?society.?It?is?submitted?here?that?doping?in?sport?threatens?to?destroy,? and? it? does? destroy,? all? these? values? that? society?deems?necessary? for …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The protection of the environment S. 113-114

„… th?century,?provided?principles?that?the?entire?Olympic?movement?as?wellas?the?national?states?are?bound?to?respect?and?follow.?At?this?point?the?freedom?ofassociation?and?the?freedom?of?contracts?principles?meet?with?the?principle?of?thelaw?state,?given?that?a?private?law?contract?interferes?in?so?important?national?matters.The Olympic …” „… uld?highlight?the?principle?which?establishes?a?human?right?to?sport,?the?principle?of?tolerance?or?the?one?of?the?sustainable?development?and?the?principle?of?fair?play.Is sport a human right?In?particular,?as?regards?the?right?to?sport,?the?paragraph?4 …” „… ?of?the?fundamental?principles?of?Olympism?provides?that:?“The?practice?of?sport?is?a?human?right.?Everyindividual?must?have?the?possibility?of?practicing?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Education S. 198-199

„… ?“FIFAWorld?Cup?Germany”?also?involves?infringements?of?EC?Law …” „… llywould?not?be?offered;?(ii)?applicants?not?eligible?to?get?tickets?would?only?be?reimbursed?after?the?tournament,?and?a?non-refundable?fee?of?5?euros?for?presumed“administrative?costs”?would?be?retained.Sport and …” „… ich?sport?also?has?a?part?to?play.Sport?can?help?in?a?number?of?ways?in?the?training?of?children,?young?people?andadults.?Alongside?the?purely?physical?aspects,?the?social?and?educational?values?ofsport?also?play?an?essential?role,?e.g.?learning?to?be?part?of?a?team?and?to?accept?the198 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The National Olympic Committees (NOCs) S. 87-88

„… ?and?the?adoptionand?implementation?of?the?World?Anti-Doping?Code.It?should?be?also?highlighted?that?according?to?the?Charter?the?NOCs?are?obligedto?preserve?their?autonomy?and?to?resist?all?pressures?of?any?kind,?including?political,?religious?or?economic?pressures?which?could?refrain?then?from?abiding?by?the117 Malatos?A.,?Lessons?of?Sport?Law?(in?Greek),?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini?2005,p.59 …” „… damental?principles?of?Olympism?in?their?countries,?the?assurance?and?observance?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?encouragement?anddevelopment? of? high? performance? sport? and? sport? for? all,? the? organizations …” „… ? ofcourses,?the?prevention?of?discrimination?and?violence?in?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The revival, the Olympic Truce Foundation, the UN contribution and the EU attitude S. 127-130

„… J.A.R.,?International?Sports?Law,?Transnational?Publishers,?New?York?1988.265 Giannaki/Giannakis,?op?cit.266 …” „… s?there?was?no?material?form?of?the?truce.?Onthe?contrary,?sport …” „… ?there?was?a?resolution?inUN?about?the?existence?of?the?truce.?The?General?Assembly?of?UN?asked?the?member-states?to?respect?the?Olympic?truce?and?to?try?to?settle?their?disputes?in?a?peacefulway.? The? year? 1994? was? proclaimed? the? International? Year? of? Sport? and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the rules of the Olympic Movement on the legislation of the host country S. 211-212

„… recept?to?the?contracting?parties.This?position?complied?with?the?general?attitude?of?sports?law?and?of?the?OlympicMovement.?It?was?also?consistent?with?the?traditional?practice?of?sport …” „… ,?which?as?aphenomenon?of?associative?nature,?converses?with?and?through?the?private?law.?Therest?of?the?issues?relating?to?State?action?and?sport,?as?well?as?issues?of?public?order,security,?environment,?town?planning,?etc.?should?be?considered?as?part?of?the?constitutional?sphere?of?the?different?legal?orders.The influence of the rules of the Olympic Movement on the legislation of the …” „… ?was?governed?(to?its?letter)?by?the?private?law,?together?with?the?rulesof?the?Olympic?Movement?and?the?rules?of?the?Greek?legal?order.It?could?be?maintained?that?the?Greek?legislator?was?obliged?to?take?initiative?inorder?to?fulfil?the?obligations?resulting?from?the?Host?City?Contract?and?hence?thatthe?overall? internal? law?was? invited …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic games of 2004 under Greek legislation S. 217-218

„… The?complete?text?of?the?said?law?can?be?found?in?Kousoulis S.-/Malatos A.,?Sports?Legislation?(In?Greek),?Ant.?Sakkoulas,?2000,?pp.?250 ff.448 …” „… ?A?)?followed?by?the?legislative?regulations?for?the?Olympic?Works?(Law?2730/1999,?Government?Gazette130?A?)?and?Laws?2819/2000?(Government?Gazette?84?A?)?and?2833/2000 …” „… ?of?the?said?law,?the?Committee?of?the?Olympic?Games?(public?lawlegal?person)?has?been?renamed?to?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee?(HOC)?and?a?presidentialdecree?has? been?published? (no.?130/2000,?Government?Gazette? 113?A?)?with?a? view? toregulating?issues?as …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Freedom of movement of goods and sport S. 193

„… ?is?a?great?number?of?provisions?limitingthe?freedom?of?movement?because?of?the?particularity?of?the?commodity.?Undoubtedly,?though,?this?“sporting”?matter?is?also?of?great?interest?in?terms?of?the?EC?lawapplication.EC law, Mass Media and …” „… sportIt?is?well?known?that?there?is?a?great?number?of?goods?which?are?designated?forpurely?sporting?utility.?The?question?that?has?to?be?dealt?with?at?this?point?is?whathappens?regarding?the?free?movement?of?these?goods.?At?first?sight?it?seems?to?bequite?easy?to?allege?that?the?general?provisions?about?the?internal?market?that?firstemerged?on?the?1 …” „… ?guarantee?the?free?movement?of?these?goods?aswell.Great?attention?should?be?paid?on?the?matter?of?the?free?movement?of?weaponsin?so?far?as?they?can?constitute?related?to?sport?goods.?The?Directive?91/477/ECregulates? the? acquisition? and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic symbol protection and fight against ambush marketing S. 245-249

„… ,?Padley H.,?Legislative?Comment,?London?2012?five?years?and?counting,?in?International?Sports?Law …” „… U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3rd?Edition,?Sydney-London,?2005,?p.460.528 Padley H.,?Legislative?Comment,?London?2012 …” „… ?five?years?and?counting,?in?InternationalSports?Law?Review?2007.247the?public's?mind?an?association?with?the?Olympic?Games?or?the?Olympic?movement …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Unfair advantage S. 145-146

„… rugs,?the?competition?would?no?longer?take?place?in?thestadiums?but?in?the?chemists’?laboratories.?In?respect?of?the?other?natural?differences,?it?should?be?stated?that?they?excist?in?every?field?of?human?activity?and?notonly?in?sport.?Life? is?unfair?and?that? is?why?law?should?intervene? to?rebate? thisunfairness.Protection of …” „… reserve?the?“?the?spirit?of?sport …” „… )?it?damages?integrity,image,?value?and?spirit?of?sport.?The?elimination?of?these?disadvantages?prima?facieseem?to?be?important?enough?to?justify?the?doping?legislation.?However,?there?is?anopinion,?according?to?which?the?objectives?of?doping?are?contradictory?and?dopingregulation?is?not?justified.Unfair …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova An overview S. 44-46

„… ? is?worthreminding?that?the?Olympics?are?necessarily?connected?with?a?major?social?event:sport.?This?field?has?been?lately?surrounded?with?a?great?community?interest,?to?theextent? that?we?now?speak?about?a?social …” „… ? dimension?of?sport …” „… .?Athens?hosted?forsecond?time?the?Olympic?Games?under?circumstances?of?crisis?and?criticism.?Thefirst?organization?by?Athens?was?accompanied?by?scepticism?about?the?effectiveness?of?the?revival?of?the?Games.?The?second?organization?by?Athens?is?connectedwith?various?influences?in?the?social?and?financial?life?according?to?the?EC?law?rulesin?the?framework?of?a?global?civilization?and?of?an?international?economy.An overviewAt?the?28th?Olympic?summer?games?in?Athens?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Human Rights and Olympic Games S. 104-106

„… P.,?Human?Rights?Protection?Matters?(in?Greek),?in:?Applications?of?Public?Law,op?cit,?p.15,?Pettiti L.E.,?Droit?du?Sport?et?Convention?Europeenne?des?droits?de?l’Homme,in? International …” „… ? Congress? on?Sports?Law,?University? of?Athens,? 11-13?December?1993(published?proceedings).106 …” „… b):?“Confucian?Analects”,?in?The?Four?Books.Changsha:?Hunan?Press.,?Zi, Lao?(1993):?Chapter?42.?Beijing:?Foreign?Languages?Press.193 Konstas D.,? Sports? and? Diplomacy …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The tickets selling matter and the competition rules S. 196-198

„… rulesOne?of?the?essential?components?of?organizing?sport?events?is?the?ticketing?system.Usually?implemented?by?the?Organizing?Committees?(OC),?it?is?not?unusual?thatthese?agreements?contravene?EC?Law.424In?the?Italy?1990?World?Cup,?the?OC?entered?into?a?w …” „… AssociadosProvided?by?World?Services?Group?Ticket?Arrangements?for?Sport?Events?and?EC?LawPublished?April?20,?2006?–?Portugal.196 …” „… gements?of?EC?Law.Due?to?the?successful?complaint?of?a?UK?consumer?organization,?it?was?possibleto?change?the?original?exclusivity?agreement?signed?between?MasterCard,?the?German?football?association?(DFB)?and?FIFA?–?an?agreement?between?one?“undertaking”?and?two?“association?of?undertakings”,?in?the?sense?of?Article?81 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement Rules and the Constitution S. 113

„… th?century,?provided?principles?that?the?entire?Olympic?movement?as?wellas?the?national?states?are?bound?to?respect?and?follow.?At?this?point?the?freedom?ofassociation?and?the?freedom?of?contracts?principles?meet?with?the?principle?of?thelaw?state,?given?that?a?private?law?contract?interferes?in?so?important?national?matters.The Olympic …” „… uld?highlight?the?principle?which?establishes?a?human?right?to?sport,?the?principle?of?tolerance?or?the?one?of?the?sustainable?development?and?the?principle?of?fair?play.Is sport a human right?In?particular,?as?regards?the?right?to?sport,?the?paragraph?4 …” „… ?of?the?fundamental?principles?of?Olympism?provides?that:?“The?practice?of?sport?is?a?human?right.?Everyindividual?must?have?the?possibility?of?practicing?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Is sport a human right? S. 113

„… th?century,?provided?principles?that?the?entire?Olympic?movement?as?wellas?the?national?states?are?bound?to?respect?and?follow.?At?this?point?the?freedom?ofassociation?and?the?freedom?of?contracts?principles?meet?with?the?principle?of?thelaw?state,?given?that?a?private?law?contract?interferes?in?so?important?national?matters.The Olympic …” „… uld?highlight?the?principle?which?establishes?a?human?right?to?sport,?the?principle?of?tolerance?or?the?one?of?the?sustainable?development?and?the?principle?of?fair?play.Is sport a human right?In?particular,?as?regards?the?right?to?sport,?the?paragraph?4 …” „… ?of?the?fundamental?principles?of?Olympism?provides?that:?“The?practice?of?sport?is?a?human?right.?Everyindividual?must?have?the?possibility?of?practicing?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Role of NATO S. 70-71

„… t?promotion.UNESCO,?for?instance?has?had?a?great?involvement?in?the?sporting?field.?Recentlyit?adopted?in?Paris?in?2005?the?International?Convention?against?Doping?in?sport.Also,?much?earlier,?in?1978 …” „… ucation?and?Sport.The?UN?has?also?shown?a?great?interest?in?sport.?After?having?taken?a?resolutionagainst?apartheid?in?sports,80 …” „… ?it?created?the?International?Treaty?against?apartheidin?sport.?Its?greater?contribution?though?was?in?the?field?of?the?effort?of?the?revivalof?the?Olympic?Truce.81 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Charter and Human Rights S. 112-113

„… ? isconsistent,?quite?predictably,?with?the?private?nature?of?sport …” „… ?contracts?principles?meet?with?the?principle?of?thelaw?state,?given?that?a?private?law?contract?interferes?in?so?important?national?matters.The Olympic Movement Rules and the …” „… uld?highlight?the?principle?which?establishes?a?human?right?to?sport,?the?principle?of?tolerance?or?the?one?of?the?sustainable?development?and?the?principle?of?fair?play.Is sport a human right?In?particular,?as?regards?the?right?to?sport,?the?paragraph?4 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Non-judicial protection against ambush marketing S. 280-282

„… ? positionswhere?ambusher's?advertisements?are?not?visible?and?controlling?the?sale?of?advertising?space?(i.e.?billboards)?either?on-site?or?near?the?event.619618 Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …” „… A.,?The?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?the?role?of?law,?in?Entertainment?LawReview?2004.621 Ibid.282 …” „… ?of?the?European?Convention?of?Human?Rights,?which?has?been?embodied?to?the?English?law?through?the?1998?Human?Rights?Act.,?establishes?thefreedom?of?expression.?According?to?article?10.2 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Special legislation introduced by the hosting states S. 272-280

„… This?ad?hoc?law?designed?for?the?sports?event?in?question?barred?the?dissemination?of?all?types?of?advertising?in?the?city?and?the?Olympic?stadium,?as?well?as?othervenues?used?for?the?sports?events?and?public?and?private?buildings?within?a?200 …” „… T.,?The?position?of?an?athlete?in?ambush?marketing,?in?International?Sports?LawReview/Pandektis,?Vol.6:3-4,?2006.607 Merchandise?Marks?Amendment?Act?2002.608 Article?5,?no.6.275competition?venues?but …” „… T.,?The?position?of?an?athlete?in?ambush?marketing,?in?International?Sports?LawReview/Pandektis,?Vol.6:3-4,?2006.611 Dore P.,?Running?around?the?Olympics,?in?Entertainment?Law?Review,?2006.277 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Nairobi Treaty S. 262-263

„… ?international?law.?However,?the?Treatydid?not?have?the?appeal?that?one?could?attend.?Initially?the?Treaty?was?signed?byonly?21?countries.565 …” „… MarketingGeneralAmbush?marketing?is?a?great?threat?of?modern?sport …” „… ?as?has?been?formed?the?lastdecades,?since?it?undermines?the?sponsorship?agreements?which?are?vital?for?theproper?organization?of?mega?events?such?as?the?Olympics.?Ambush?marketing?essentially?consists?of?associating?a?company's?image?with?a?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova List of Key Abbreviations S. 13-14

„… International?Association?of?Athletics?FederationsIASL International?Association?of?Sports?LawIFA Irish?Football?Association?(Belfast)IOC …” „… Association?of?Summer?Olympic?International?FederationsAIOWF Association?of?International?Winter?Sports …” „… ?FederationsARISF Association?of?the?IOC?Recognized?International?Sports?FederationsCAS Court?of?Arbitration?for?SportCOE Council?of?EuropeECRI …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Federations (IFs) S. 87

„… ?and?the?adoptionand?implementation?of?the?World?Anti-Doping?Code.It?should?be?also?highlighted?that?according?to?the?Charter?the?NOCs?are?obligedto?preserve?their?autonomy?and?to?resist?all?pressures?of?any?kind,?including?political,?religious?or?economic?pressures?which?could?refrain?then?from?abiding?by?the117 Malatos?A.,?Lessons?of?Sport?Law?(in?Greek),?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini?2005,p.59 …” „… damental?principles?of?Olympism?in?their?countries,?the?assurance?and?observance?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?encouragement?anddevelopment? of? high? performance? sport? and? sport? for? all,? the? organizations …” „… ? ofcourses,?the?prevention?of?discrimination?and?violence?in?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London Olympic Games and Para-Olympic games Act 2006 S. 234-235

„… ? the?Athens?openingceremony?he?added?that?he?was?even?more?enthusiastic?about?the?London?hostingof?the?Games.?“I?believe?that?we?can?build?through?the?hosting?of?the?Games,?alasting?legacy,?not?just?for?our?country,?for?sport …” „… ?in?our?country?and?for?opportunitiesfor?young?people?in?sport?in?our?country,?but?also?for?the?Olympic?Movement.”Also,?Tessa?Jowell,?Secretary?of?State?for?Culture,?Media?and?Sport?mentionedthat:?«The?bid?will?be?a?huge?stimulus?for?elite?sport …” „… .?But?our?Olympic?bid?will?alsorest?on?our?growing?commitment?to?grassroots?sport.”The?leaders?of?all?political?parties?as?well?as?the?leaders?from?Scotland,?Walesand?Northern?Ireland?also?stated?their?support.The London Olympic Games and Para-Olympic games Act 2006 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The protection of the human rights as a major objective of the Olympic Games S. 106-108

„… P.,?Human?Rights?Protection?Matters?(in?Greek),?in:?Applications?of?Public?Law,op?cit,?p.15,?Pettiti L.E.,?Droit?du?Sport?et?Convention?Europeenne?des?droits?de?l’Homme,in? International …” „… ? Congress? on?Sports?Law,?University? of?Athens,? 11-13?December?1993(published?proceedings).106 …” „… ?and?the?organization?via?worded?rules,?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Security in the Barcelona Games S. 40-42

„… ?Olympic?Games,?allowed?theUnited?States?to?send?the??Dream?Team,??a?basketball?team?made?up?of?a?numberof?the?most?famous?U.S.?professional?basketball?players,?to?the?Olympics.Two?new? sports? entered? the?Olympic? program? in?Barcelona? as? baseball …” „… ,? tennis,football?and?water?polo?players,?the?women's?hockey?team,?and?everyone?else?whowas? succesful,? Spanish? sports? caught? the? world? by? surprise? and? enrapturedSpaniards.Some …” „… ?volunteers?were?enthusiastically?devoted?to?keeping?the?organization?running?smoothly,?and?the?sports?installations?were?filled?to?record?capacity.Security in the Barcelona …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relation between the Olympic movement rules and the national/state ones and the institutional balancing of each Olympic organization S. 102-103

„… M.,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in2004,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.186 Dagtoglou …” „… . ,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in2004,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.102 …” „… “?The?ad?hoc?Division?of?the?Court?of?Arbitration?for?Sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Responses to Ambush Marketing S. 270-272

„… law.?The?situation?is?further?deteriorated?by?the?fact?that?most?countries?lack?adequate?legal?provisions?to?combat?ambush?marketing.Traditional?laws?of?trademarks,?copyright,?unfair?competition,?trade?practicesand?advertising?cannot?be?enough?to?stop?amb …” „… ?In?theUK?the?law?of?trespass?could?be?resorted?to,?in?order?to?stop?ambush?marketing?asregard?activities?near?to?or?within?where?the?sport …” „… Th.,?Ambush?Marketing,?Strategies?to?avoid?it?or?combat?it,?in?D.Panagiotopoulos,?Sports?Law,?Implementation?and?the?Olympic?Games,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens,?Komotini,?p.398.595 Moss,?op?cit.596 92?D.L.R.?4th?349?(B.C.?1992).597 There?are?5 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Athens: the first European Host City in the European Territory S. 46-47

„… ? thecommunity?law …” „… ance?with?the?European?Integration.?This?historical?challengeseems?to?find?its?essence?in?the?facts?which?show?the?meaning?of?the?rules?and?themeanings.?The?European?dimension?of?sport …” „… ting?democracy?is?being?testedthrough?its?institutional?opinions?and?positions.?Sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The commercialization of the Games and the early violations. S. 259-262

„… Cr.,?Development?of?the?Protection?of?the?Olympic?Insignia,in?International?Sports?Law?Review,?2006.562 …” „… .?It?seemed?a?huge?business?enterpriseinstead?of?another?sport?event.”The?situation?had?gone?beyond?any?expectation?of?the?IOC,?so?it?continued?lobbyingfor? national? laws? to? protect? the?Olympic? names? and? symbols.?Some? states …” „… ? all?NationalOlympic?Committees?and?International?Sports?Federations?explaining?the?necessityof?strictly?abiding?by?an?IOC?decision?to?protect?the?symbol?against?commercialexploitation.560559 Landry,?1996.560 Reported?in?IOC?General?Session?Minutes,?Rome?1923 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relationship among the Olympic Movement rules and the state rules and the institutional balancing of each Olympic Organization S. 110-112

„… ? legislation?was?promoted?for?theorientation?of?the?Code?of?Compulsory?Expropriations?to?this?direction?and?a?relative?law?was?also?voted,?which?has?been?in?force?since?2002.?The?special?laws …” „… ? Law,?Transnational? Publishers,?New?York? 2004,Panagiotopoulos …” „… ?be?completed?quickly.?Thisreuires,?though,?permission?of?the?competent?court?for?the?reckoning?of?the?temporary?orpermanent?compensation?as?well?as?the?paying?of?reasonable?part?of?the?compensation.216 http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/7265593.stm.110 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter and the Greek legislation S. 212-213

„… e?to?that?issue.The?relation?between?private?and?public?law?was?clearly?seen?in?the?case?law?ofthe?Council?of?State?concerning?related?issues?of?sports?law …” „… Greece?by?the?Law?1347/1983 …” „… vely?to?be?bound?bythem,?considering?the?associative?self-commitment?that?governs?their?relations.?Theother?protagonists?of?an?Olympiad,?apart?from?the?members?of?the?Olympic?Movement,?are?governed?by?the?positive?law?of?the?host?country?and?by?the?Host?CityContract,?which?is?perceived?as?a?private?law?contract.The Olympic Charter and the Greek …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Greece-supply of automatic weather stations S. 196

„… rulesOne?of?the?essential?components?of?organizing?sport?events?is?the?ticketing?system.Usually?implemented?by?the?Organizing?Committees?(OC),?it?is?not?unusual?thatthese?agreements?contravene?EC?Law.424In?the?Italy?1990?World?Cup,?the?OC?entered?into?a?w …” „… AssociadosProvided?by?World?Services?Group?Ticket?Arrangements?for?Sport?Events?and?EC?LawPublished?April?20,?2006?–?Portugal.196 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova In 2008 the world athletic society is hosted to Beijing. The importance of the Asian continent and the human rights crisis S. 49-50

„… ? the?Beijing?OlympicGames?period?must?respect?Chinese?law.?As?to?those?legal?activities,?police?will?protect?themaccording? to? the? law.?As? for? those? activities? that? are? illegal,?we? police?will? handle …” „… ? themaccording?to?the?law.”?But?the?Chinese?made?sure?there?were?no?“legal”?activities.The?law,?essentially?was?to?not?allow?any?protests?or?demonstrations,?and?to?use?applicationsfor?protests?within? the? law?as?methods? for?detaining? or?marking? those? that? requested …” „… a?score?which?was?considered?to?be?naïve?in?a?basketballfinal?between?USA?and?USSR?declared?the?triumph?of?the?western?way?of?life?inthe?medi,?despite?the?fact?that?that?result?caused?scepticism?for?the?purpose/meaningof?sport?itself.?The?bloodshed?of?1972?put?an?end?in?any?kind?of?pretext/pretencetowards?the?sporting?affairs.In?2008 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The innovative Olympic Games of 1896 and 2004 S. 43-44

„… ?are?the?first?Games?whichwere?organized?by?a?member?state?of?the?European?Union?under?a?regime?of?absoluteof?application?of?the?Community?Law …” „… ?At?that?time,?though,?the?Europeanintegration?was?not?totally?achieved.?Thus,?there?was?no?absolute?application?of?theEC?law …” „… M.,?Thelegal?structure?of?the?Sydney?Olympic?Games.?University?of?New?South?Wales?Law?Journal,Volume?22?1999-3.43 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympism S. 82-83

„… ?of?the?Council?of?State,?a?debasement?of?a?student’s?behavior?was?approved?because?when?having?been?asked?to?write?an?essay?about?the?Olympism,she?preferred?to?write?any?essay?about?a?school?excursion?instead.By?a?recent? law?in?2005 a?public?service?named?Authority?of?Olympism?wasfounded?in?Greece.110The Olympic …” „… ?a?philosophy?of?life?that?stresses?and?involvesin?a?balance?total?the?virtues?of?the?body,?the?will?and?the?spirit.?The?Olympism?withthe?combination?of?the?sport?and?culture?as?well?as?the?education,?aims?at?creatinga?way? of? life? based? on? the? joy? of? the? effort,? the? educational? value? of …” „… ? the?goodexample,?and?the?respect?of?the?global?fundamental?moral?principles.As?a?cosmic?theory,?Olympism,?is?based?on?the?position?that?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2730/1999 ‘Planning, complete development and carrying-out of the Olympic Works and other provisions’ (Government Gazette 130 A´) S. 222-224

„… ,?were?eventually?incorporated?into?two?articles?of?Law?2725/1999?‘Amateur?and?professional?sport?and?other?provisions’?(Government?Gazette?121 …” „… ?A?).These?were?articles?37?and?130?of?Law?2527/1999,?which?instituted?a?series?ofethical?sports …” „… ?the?rules?of?the?IOCand?of?the?Olympic?Movement?with?those?of?the?internal?legal?order?has?been?satisfactorilyachieved.223Lastly,? the? third?chapter?of? the? law?(articles?15-18 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter S. 83-85

„… A.,?The?legal?basis?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?in:?World?Sports?Law?Report,?November2007.113 …” „… ?of?the?Council?of?State,?a?debasement?of?a?student’s?behavior?was?approved?because?when?having?been?asked?to?write?an?essay?about?the?Olympism,she?preferred?to?write?any?essay?about?a?school?excursion?instead.By?a?recent? law?in?2005 a?public?service?named?Authority?of?Olympism?wasfounded?in?Greece.110The Olympic …” „… Olympic?Movement.?It?is?the?Olympic?Charter?that?regulates?the?Olympic?Gamesits?acceptance?is?necessary?for?the?undertaking?of?the?organization?of?the?Olympicsby?each?hosting?city.?The?observance?of?the?Olympic?Charter?rules?is?secured?by?aprivate?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and Olympic Games-the penetration of the Olympic Movement Rules in the national legal orders S. 88-90

„… ?autonomy?of?the?NOCs?is?of?pivotal?importance.In?the?vast?majority?of?the?states?the?NOCs?constitute?a?legal?person?of?privatelaw.?In?the?framework?of?the?Greek?law,?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee?recognizes? the? Hellenic? Olympic? Committee? as? a? legal? person? of? public? law? called“Olympic? Games …” „… ?The?contract?is?committing?for?thegovernment?of?the?organizing?state.?This?is?achieved?by?an?attached?statement?inthe? contract? by? the? responsible?minister? of? sport?matters? of? the? respective …” „… ? the?OlympicCharter.?In?fact,?the?guarantee?is?usually?required?by?the?contract.126?Consequently121 Article?28?paragraph?6.122 Article?29?paragraph?9.123 Bye-Law?to?Rule?34?par …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sale of Tickets S. 244-245

„… ,?Padley H.,?Legislative?Comment,?London?2012?five?years?and?counting,?in?International?Sports?Law …” „… Ambush?marketing?is?commonly?defined?as?the?“?unauthorised?association?by?businesses?oftheir?names,?brands,?products?or?services?with?a?sports?event?or?competition?through?anyone?or?more?of?a?wide?range?of?marketing?activities.”.518 The?London?Olympics?Bill-Update,?Couchman/Harrington?Associates,?www.couchmanharrington.com …” „… ?-?less?presumptivethan?the?London?Olympics?Bill,?Entertainment?Law?Review?2006.245 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international agreements against doping S. 71

„… ?level?of?international?law,?the?piece?and?security?of?the?Games?constitutes?a?mixture? of?one? ideology?and?one?grant.?After?Munich?and? the?11th …” „… concept of the Sporting Spirit, of sports traditions andof the Olympic Ideal and fair …” „… ? if?necessary?proposessanctions.The?concept?of?Olympism,?of?the?sporting?spirit,?of?sports?traditions?and?of?theOlympic?Ideal?have?no?definite?meaning?of?legislative?content,?but?are?determinedby?the?Ethics?Commission,?which?interprets?the?Olympic?Charter,?unless?there?isfurther?specification?in?the?Code?of?Ethics.83 Article?25?of?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova WADA and UNESCO against doping S. 71

„… ?level?of?international?law,?the?piece?and?security?of?the?Games?constitutes?a?mixture? of?one? ideology?and?one?grant.?After?Munich?and? the?11th …” „… concept of the Sporting Spirit, of sports traditions andof the Olympic Ideal and fair …” „… ? if?necessary?proposessanctions.The?concept?of?Olympism,?of?the?sporting?spirit,?of?sports?traditions?and?of?theOlympic?Ideal?have?no?definite?meaning?of?legislative?content,?but?are?determinedby?the?Ethics?Commission,?which?interprets?the?Olympic?Charter,?unless?there?isfurther?specification?in?the?Code?of?Ethics.83 Article?25?of?the?Olympic?Charter …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2819/2000 ‘Creation of the Olympic Village 2004 SA, protection of the Olympic symbols and indicia and other provisions’ S. 224-227

„… Lastly,? the? third?chapter?of? the? law?(articles?15-18 …” „… )?dealt?with?organizationalissues?of?the?Olympic?preparation?bearing?mainly?on?amendments?to?the?legislativestatus?of?the?Organizational?Committee?for?the?Olympic?Games?that?had?been?established?by?Law?2598/1998.?Two?new?institutions?had?been? introduced?by …” „… ? the?OlympicGames?proved?to?be?more?long-lived.?Although?subsequent?modifications?that?werebrought?about?in?its?status?and?its?responsibilities?by?article?3?of?Law?2819/2000 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Volunteering S. 253-255

„… A.,?The?Olympics,?The?Celebration?of?Sports?and?the?Rule?of?Law,?in?Entertainmentlaw?Review,?2004.254• Ensuring?volunteers?are?only?paid?actual?expenses …” „… ,?which?became?law?earlier?this?year?and?requirescompliance?within?16 …” „… unlike?the?contemporary?high?commercialization?of?sports?they?offered?selflesslytheir?services?to?this?institution,The?same?situation?is?expected?to?happen?in?the?London?2012 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sustainability S. 251-253

„… ?legacy,?benefiting?sport,?theenvironment?and?the?local?and?global?community.The?Olympic?Park?will?be?a?showcase?for?the?world's?greatest?athletes?and?forthe?spectators?from?every?nation?who?will?cheer?them?on?but?also?for?the?environment?and?local?communities?The?500-acre?site?will?be?transformed?from?being?one544 S. 36.3.545 S. 36.4.546 …” „… ?sport?and?develop?active,?healthy?lifestyles.London?put?sustainability?at?the?heart?of?its?bid?for?the?2012?Games,?framed?bythe?concept?of?‘Towards?a?One?Planet?2012 …” „… ,?which?became?law?earlier?this?year?and?requirescompliance?within?16 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The law 3254/2004 about Olympic and Paraolympic Games matters and the law 3342/2005 about the sustainable development and the social utilization of the Olympic Departments S. 229

„… both?the?existing?sports …” „… ?venues?and?the?additional?buildings,?which?would?be?required?for?the?staging?of?the?Olympic?Games.The law 3254/2004 about Olympic and Paraolympic Games matters and the law3342/2005 about the sustainable …” „… ,?the?new?Government?introduced?the?law?3254/2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EU law in the Barcelona Games S. 42

„… ?law?enforcement?personnel?and?numerous?support?personnel?were?committed?to?security?of?the?Barcelona?Games.38EU law in the Barcelona …” „… GamesThe?Games?of?Barcelona?took?place?in?Spain?without?the?absolute?application?ofthe?Community?law.?Therefore,?they?cannot?set?an?example?in?respect?of?the?EClaw?application.The Games and the city: the Barcelona mytheObtaining? good? economic? results? was,? for? the …” „… ? beenachieved?had?the?Organizing?Committee?activated?its?investments?in?sports?venuesrather?than?handing?them?over?without?receiving?anything?in?return38 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Final Remarks S. 256-257

„… ? that?work,?Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …” „… ?in?London?the?second?European?experiment?will?take?place.?It?will?be?thesecond?time?that?the?Olympics?will?be?held?within?the?EU?territory?under?the?absolute?application?of?the?EC?law …” „… .?Unlike?Athens,?UK?government?has?limited?itselfto?introducing?only?one?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 120-121

„… TruceGeneralThe?dominant?element?and?the?reason?why?Ancient?Olympics?have?gathered?admiration?worldwide?is?the?Olympic?truce.?Olympic?truce?can?be?perceived?as?anearly?form?of?international?law.During?the?ancient?Greek?history?the?civil?wars?among?cities-states?were?veryoften.?The? idea? of?peace?has?been?more? intense? in?areas? that? have? suffered …” „… nd?World?War.?Even?though?Pierde?Coubertin?had?referred?to?the?close?link?between?sport?and?peace,?even?thoughthe? Olympic? Charters?mentions? that? one? of? the? fundamental;? principles? of …” „… ?It?underlined?that?the?truce?should?not?only?be?based?on?an?oral?agreementor?custom?but?on?a?written?law.?So,?the?written?law?of?the?truce?was?written?downon?a?discus?that?was?kept?in?the?temple?of?Hera?until?the?2nd?century?AC.241 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The security of the Games S. 229-230

„… both?the?existing?sports …” „… ?venues?and?the?additional?buildings,?which?would?be?required?for?the?staging?of?the?Olympic?Games.The law 3254/2004 about Olympic and Paraolympic Games matters and the law3342/2005 about the sustainable …” „… ,?the?new?Government?introduced?the?law?3254/2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games and the city: the Barcelona mythe S. 42-43

„… ?law?enforcement?personnel?and?numerous?support?personnel?were?committed?to?security?of?the?Barcelona?Games.38EU law in the Barcelona …” „… GamesThe?Games?of?Barcelona?took?place?in?Spain?without?the?absolute?application?ofthe?Community?law.?Therefore,?they?cannot?set?an?example?in?respect?of?the?EClaw?application.The Games and the city: the Barcelona mytheObtaining? good? economic? results? was,? for? the …” „… ? beenachieved?had?the?Organizing?Committee?activated?its?investments?in?sports?venuesrather?than?handing?them?over?without?receiving?anything?in?return38 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Compulsory purchase and consistency with the ECHR S. 255-256

„… ? that?work,?Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …” „… ?in?London?the?second?European?experiment?will?take?place.?It?will?be?thesecond?time?that?the?Olympics?will?be?held?within?the?EU?territory?under?the?absolute?application?of?the?EC?law …” „… .?Unlike?Athens,?UK?government?has?limited?itselfto?introducing?only?one?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Truce S. 120

„… TruceGeneralThe?dominant?element?and?the?reason?why?Ancient?Olympics?have?gathered?admiration?worldwide?is?the?Olympic?truce.?Olympic?truce?can?be?perceived?as?anearly?form?of?international?law.During?the?ancient?Greek?history?the?civil?wars?among?cities-states?were?veryoften.?The? idea? of?peace?has?been?more? intense? in?areas? that? have? suffered …” „… nd?World?War.?Even?though?Pierde?Coubertin?had?referred?to?the?close?link?between?sport?and?peace,?even?thoughthe? Olympic? Charters?mentions? that? one? of? the? fundamental;? principles? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Delivery Authority S. 235

„… main?law,?the?London?Olympic?Games?and?Para-Olympic?Games?Act?2006 …” „… ?Olympic?Games?(LOCOG),?the?ODA?is?one?of?the?two?mainagencies?organising?the?London?Olympic?Games.?The?ODA?was?established?by?theLondon?Olympic?Games?and?Paralympic?Games?Act?2006466?and?is?the?responsibility?of?the?Department?for?Culture?Media?and?Sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General Remarks S. 230-232

„… RemarksThe?law …” „… . A?special?organizational?system?was?established?for?the?carrying-out?of?theOlympic?Works?within?the?state?machinery.?(Ministry?for?the?Environment,Physical?Planning?and?Public?Works,?General?Secretariat?of?Sports,?HellenicHorse?Racing?Organization,?Workers’?Housing?Organization).g …” „… ?would?be?realized,?was?that?Greece?was?entirely?subjected?toCommunity?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic truce in effect S. 130-131

„… ?is?armoured?for?security?reasons?by?measures?and?policies?which?are?quitesimilar?to?the?ones?taken?during?war?conditions,?rather?that?sport?events,?as?states,international?organizations?and? the?NATO?itself?are?getting? involved.?From? themoment? that? the?IOC?decided? to? support? the …” „… ? the?mass?media?can?be?nothing?but“educational”?for?the?international?communityThe?UN?and?generally?the?international?law?aspiration?to?acquire?through?theOlympic?truce?a?certain?role?in?the?Olympic?organization?is?totally?legitimate.?Welive? in? a? period? that? nobody? casts? doubt? on? the? necessity? of …” „… N./Mredimas A./Malatos A.(eds):?Olympic?Games?and?Law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Amendment of the Chinese Constitution in 2004- 3 years after the amendment of the Greek one S. 108-110

„… ? legislation?was?promoted?for?theorientation?of?the?Code?of?Compulsory?Expropriations?to?this?direction?and?a?relative?law?was?also?voted,?which?has?been?in?force?since?2002.?The?special?laws …” „… E.,?Olympic?Games?and?Law?(inGreek),?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini?2001.206 http://www.hrichina.org/public/.207 http://www.oikologos.gr/News2004/0155.html.208 …” „… onstitution?and?the?Agenda?21,?considering?the?lattestas?a?superior?law?of?supranational?character.213?However,?Agenda?21 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General Competence S. 235-236

„… main?law,?the?London?Olympic?Games?and?Para-Olympic?Games?Act?2006 …” „… ?Olympic?Games?(LOCOG),?the?ODA?is?one?of?the?two?mainagencies?organising?the?London?Olympic?Games.?The?ODA?was?established?by?theLondon?Olympic?Games?and?Paralympic?Games?Act?2006466?and?is?the?responsibility?of?the?Department?for?Culture?Media?and?Sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Content of the truce S. 122-123

„… A./Malatos A.,?Olympic?Games?Law,?Ant.?N.?Sakkoulas?Publications,?Athens-Komotini,?2003.122 …” „… Velissaropoulou-Karakosta,?op?cit.252 Albanidis,?History?of?Sport?in?the?Ancient?Greek?World,?(in?Greek),?Thessaloniki?2004,pp …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport from the Renaissance until the Age of Enlightenment S. 30-31

„… Sport?was?over? the?centuries? turned …” „… ? into?an?expression?of?a?class?which?wasexercising?instead?of?working,?as?long?as?it?was?not?facing?difficulties?in?makingends?meet.?The?aristocratical?element?of?amateur?sport?was?totally?altered?by?theboom?of? the?professional? sport? in? the?20th …” „… ? century,?when?sport?promoted?socialheroes?and?became?a?symbol?of?making?the?athlete?a?personality?beyond?socialclasses.Sport from the Renaissance until the Age of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport during the Medieval Age S. 29-30

„… Sport …” „… TheodosiusWhen?the?Byzantine?Emperor?Theodosius?banned?the?palaistras?and?the?gymnasiain?the?Roman?Empire?territory,?sport …” „… ?deviated?a?lot?from?the?values?and?the?originalsof?the?classic?antiquity.?The?“brad?and?spectacles”?of?the?Romans?had?filled?thestadia?with?deads?and?had?made?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bidding process and governmental support S. 233-234

„… ? the?Athens?openingceremony?he?added?that?he?was?even?more?enthusiastic?about?the?London?hostingof?the?Games.?“I?believe?that?we?can?build?through?the?hosting?of?the?Games,?alasting?legacy,?not?just?for?our?country,?for?sport …” „… ?in?our?country?and?for?opportunitiesfor?young?people?in?sport?in?our?country,?but?also?for?the?Olympic?Movement.”Also,?Tessa?Jowell,?Secretary?of?State?for?Culture,?Media?and?Sport?mentionedthat:?«The?bid?will?be?a?huge?stimulus?for?elite?sport …” „… .?But?our?Olympic?bid?will?alsorest?on?our?growing?commitment?to?grassroots?sport.”The?leaders?of?all?political?parties?as?well?as?the?leaders?from?Scotland,?Walesand?Northern?Ireland?also?stated?their?support.The London Olympic Games and Para-Olympic games Act 2006 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233499

Tatjana Hörnle, Christoph Möllers, Gerhard Wagner - Gerichte und ihre Äquivalente

No access

Select

Tatjana Hörnle (ed.), Christoph Möllers (ed.), Gerhard Wagner (ed.)

Gerichte und ihre Äquivalente

Series: Recht im Kontext

Volume 7 2020

Results in this title

Antoine Duval Towards a Transnational Solange: The Court of Arbitration for Sport and EU Law S. 13-44

„… 13 Towards a Transnational Solange: The Court of Arbitration for Sport and EU Law Antoine Duval …” „… Court of Arbitration for Sport, German Law Journal, 12(5), 2011, pp. 1317-1340. 8 Here the recent …” „… Court of Arbitration for Sport and EU Law 15 sportiva. 9 Instead, I will show in the second section …”

Tatjana Hörnle, Christoph Möllers, Gerhard Wagner Vorwort S. 7-12

„… Antoine Duval Towards a Transnational Solange: The Court of Arbitration for Sport and EU Law 13 …” „… and CJEU’s Concept of Autonomy of EU Law 45 Michael Stürner Wahrung oder Durchsetzung …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845281582

Tassilo Mürtz - Meca-Medina-Test des EuGH

No access

Select

Tassilo Mürtz

Meca-Medina-Test des EuGH

Series: Schriften zum Sportrecht

Volume 63 2023

Results in this title

Literaturverzeichnis S. 473-489

„… versus European Commission: Is the European sports model under threat?, International Sports Law Journal …” „… Milan awards of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, Asser International Sports Law Blog (AISLB) 2018 …” „… . (abrufbar unter: https://www.asser.nl/SportsLaw/Blog/post/the-proportionality-test-under-art-101-1 …”

B. EU-Kartellrecht und Sport S. 84-109

„… EU-Kartellrecht und SportZiel dieses Kapitels ist die überblicksartige Darstellung der …” „… Voraussetzungen von Art. 101 AEUV und dessen Bezugspunkte zum Sport.MarktabgrenzungEine Marktabgrenzung ist auch …” „… Beteiligung an Sportclubs.236Anwendbarkeit des Art. 101 Abs. 1 AEUV im Allgemeinen und auf den Sport …”

Einleitung S. 31-39

„… nach dem Urteil merkte Weatherill 2011 an: „The hottest topics in sports law tend to concern …” „… EinleitungEinführung in die Thematik und Problemstellung„Sport is Special“1Nicht erst durch …” „… Einführung des Art. 165 AEUV2 im Jahr 2009 wurde die besondere Stellung des Sports in der Europäischen Union …”

C. Herkunft und Entwicklung der Rechtsprechung des EuGH hin zu und nach Meca-Medina S. 110-148

„… Bezug zum Sport und verwandte Entscheidungen außerhalb des SportsEuGH Walrave (1973)Die Geschichte der …” „… Regelung des Sports konfrontiert.359Abb. 2:I.1.359 EuGH Slg. 1974, 1405 – Walrave; Pijetlovic, S. 102 f …” „… der EuGH klar, dass das Gemeinschaftsrecht nur insoweit auf den Sport Anwendung finde, als dieser …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-30

„… für den Sport und seine tiefe Kenntnis sportkartellrechtlicher Zusammenhänge haben mir den Einstieg in …” „… der Untersuchung und Vorgehen der ArbeitIII. 38Zu berücksichtigende Funktionen des Sports und seine …” „… BesonderheitenA.40Dimensionen des Sports und seine OrganisationI. 40Begriff des Sports in dieser Arbeit1. 40 …”

E. Meca-Medina-Test des EuGH S. 169-400

„… Geltung fordern, zur Anwendung.670Verhältnismäßigkeitsprinzip im Sport und dortige Einordnung des …” „… ff.; Horn, S. 296 f., in: Vieweg, 2016; Breuer, S. 568, 628 ff.; Schweitzer EUI Working Papers Law …” „… einer stringenten und konsistenten Behandlung des Sports im Europarecht. Wie die Ausführungen der GA in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748937555

Niko Haug - Grenzen einer privaten Super-Liga im europäischen Spitzenfußball

Access

Select

Niko Haug

Grenzen einer privaten Super-Liga im europäischen Spitzenfußball

Series: Schriften zum Sportrecht

Volume 64 2023

Results in this title

Literaturverzeichnis S. 437-457

„… , Margareta: The extraordinary autonomy of sports bodies under Swiss law:lessons to be drawn, The …” „… Superleague concept in European football in the light of EU competition law,EU Antitrust Law and Sport …” „… threat?, The International Sports Law Journal (IntSports Law J) 2019, Vol. 19, 1-2, S. 87–101dies.: The …”

Kapitel 1: Grundstrukturen des professionellen Fußballs S. 31-86

„… Schlussanträge, Rs. C-333/21 – European Superleague Company, Rn. 30;Freeburn Int Sports Law J 2013, 193, 199.107 …” „… Rechtsrahmens ad-äquate und durchsetzbare Regelungen zu schaffen, ausführlich Baddeley Int SportsLaw J 2020, 3 …” „… Grundlegend zum breiten Aufgabenspektrum von Sportverbänden Freeburn IntSports Law J 2013, 193, 194.41 St …”

Kapitel 3: Vereinbarkeit der UEFA-Genehmigungsbestimmungen mit dem EU-Kartellrecht S. 175-354

„… . 8.12.2017, Az. C(2017) 8240 – ISU; Houben/Blockx/Nuyts Int Sports Law J2022, 205, 207; Hannamann 378 ff.809 …” „… Sports Law J 2020, 203, 222 verstoßen Regeln, die auf dem Ein-Platz-Prinzip beruhen, gegen die …” „… elementarsten Grundsätze des EU-Kartellrechts.966 So auch Houben/Blockx/Nuyts Int Sports Law J 2022, 205, 209 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-26

„… Ice Hockey FederationIJVO Jahresheft der Internationalen Juristenvereinigung OsnabrückInt Sports Law J …” „… The International Sports Law JournalIOC Internationales Olympisches KomiteeiSd. im Sinne der/desISU …” „… Lehrstuhl-Klimas sowie derzahlreichen Gespräche über Sport(-Recht) – stets in bester Erinnerungbehalten.Herzlich …”

Kapitel 4: Zulässigkeit einer geschlossenen europäischen Super-Liga nach dem EU-Kartellrecht S. 355-416

„… Nafziger/Ross (Hg.) 2011 – Handbook on InternationalSports Law S. 88, 95 ff.Kapitel 4: Zulässigkeit einer …” „… undCompliance im Sport S. 97, 102; Nafziger Nafziger/Ross (Hg.) 2011 – Handbook onInternational Sports Law S. 88 …” „… Kornbeck (Hg.) 2023 – EU Antitrust Law and Sport Gover-nance S. 55, 60.Kapitel 4: Zulässigkeit einer …”

Kapitel 2: EU-Kartellrecht und Sport S. 87-174

„… die Anwendung des EU-Wettbewerbsrechts ist; Agafono-va Int Sports Law J 2019, 87 ff. sieht das …” „… an.354 S. Kap. 1, III. 1.355 Zu einer ähnlichen Argumentation s. Agafonova Int Sports Law J 2019, 87 …” „… Unterschieden s. Siekmann/Soek Nafziger/Ross (Hg.) 2011 – Handbookon International Sports Law S. 112, 115 ff.385 …”

Fazit und Ausblick S. 435-436

„… (Hg.) 2023 – EU Antitrust Law and Sport GovernanceS. 1: „Is EU antitrust law going to be (one of ) the …” „… Fazit und AusblickDas EU-Kartellrecht ist (endgültig) im Sport angekommen.1760 Die EuGH-Verfahren …” „… main driver(s) of change inEuropean sport governance?“1761 Hierzu Cukurov 280 ff.1762 Auch andere …”

Einleitung S. 27-30

„… stärker, s. Agafonova Kornbeck (Hg.) 2023– EU Antitrust Law and Sport Governance S. 43, 43 f.8 Cantone …” „… : Die Rechtssachen International1 Vgl. Boyes Nottingham Law Journal 2016, 28, 29.2 S. Kap. 1, IV. 3. e …” „… (weitgehend abstrakte) Ausführungen zur Anwendung des EU-Kar-tellrechts im Bereich des Sports (Kapitel 2). Den …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748939771

Janis Block - Geschlechtergleichheit im Sport

No access

Select

Janis Block

Geschlechtergleichheit im Sport

Series: Schriften zur Gleichstellung

Volume 39 2014

Results in this title

Literaturverzeichnis S. 385-415

„… Athletes, Sports Law Journal 2011, Vol. 18, pp. 121-151 (zit.: Adair, 18 Sports Law J. 2011). Adamietz …” „… , Transsexuals in Sport - Fairness and Freedom, Regulation and Law, Sports, Ethics and Philosophy 2008, Vol. 2 …” „… , World Sports Law Report 2011, Vol. 9, Issue 6, pp. 3-5 (zit.: Crincoli, 9 World Sports Law Report 6/2011 …”

Drittes Kapitel: Gleichheit im Sport S. 158-318

„… sie wertend oder auch nur differenzierend zu verstehen. 1066 Thornton, Sports Law, 16; Weiler/et. al …” „… ., Sports and the Law, 2. 1067 Thornton, Sports Law, 16. 1068 Weiler/et. al., Sports and the Law, 2. 1069 …” „… . 1083 Sullivan/Gunter, Constitutional Law, 573. Drittes Kapitel: Gleichheit im Sport 196 hier stellte …”

Viertes Kapitel: Diskriminierung trans- und intersexueller Sportlerinnen S. 319-380

„… "Frau-Sein" nicht genügt. ____________________ 1764 Crincoli, 9 World Sports Law Report 6/2011, 3. 1765 …” „… Crincoli, 9 World Sports Law Report 6/2011, 3. 1766 Dazu unter § 4 B II 1. A. Die Unzulänglichkeiten einer …” „… , AGG, § 3, Rn. 20. 1807 § 3 C II 1 c. 1808 Crincoli, 9 World Sports Law Report 6/2011, 3, 4. 1809 …”

Zweites Kapitel: Geschlechterverhältnisse, Sport und Recht S. 53-157

„… 53 Zweites Kapitel: Geschlechterverhältnisse, Sport und Recht When …” „… als Kategorie ist sowohl im Recht als auch im Sport omnipräsent. Der Sport knüpft also ganz …” „… Sports, welche von Geschlechterdifferenzen und Leistungsunterschieden geprägt werden. Der Sport ist …”

Stand der Forschung S. 19-22

„… . International Sports Law, 258, 270 f. 24 Adamietz, Geschlecht als Erwartung (2011). 25 Kolbe, Intersexualität …” „… 19 Stand der Forschung Die Schnittstelle von Sport und Geschlechterdiskriminierung ist im deutschen …” „… im Jahr 2006 Diskriminierungen im Sport, auch solche wegen des Geschlechts, unter in erster Linie …”

Einleitung S. 15-18

„… Mitten/Davis in: Hdb. International Sports Law, 223, 225 f. 4 Siehe …” „… 15 Einleitung The practice of sports is a human right. Every individual must have the possibility …” „… of practising sport, without discrimination of any kind and in the Olympic spirit, which requires …”

Gang der Untersuchung S. 23-28

„… ., 9 World Sports Law Report 11/2011, 9. Gang der Untersuchung 27 übrigen Fällen wird das generische …” „… sollen. Das zweite Kapitel widmet sich den Geschlechterverhältnissen im Recht und im Sport. Zunächst wird …” „… . Anschließend wird auf das Bild der Frau im Sport eingegangen und aufgezeigt, dass sich dieses parallel zur …”

Erstes Kapitel: Medizinische und biologische Grundlagen S. 29-52

„… Auf diese konsequente Trennung von männlich und weiblich verlässt sich auch der Sport. Um diesem …” „… Eindeutigkeit ist, hält man sich die Geschlechtertrennung im Sport vor Augen, von vermeintlich größter …” „… Geschlechtertrennung im Sport möglicherweise wünschenswerte - Bipolarität der Geschlechtszuordnung spiegelt die …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845256986

1

2 3 ... 1222