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David G. Carrillo Murillo - Demand and supply interactions in transport models: The case of hinterland transportation

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David G. Carrillo Murillo

Demand and supply interactions in transport models: The case of hinterland transportation

Series: Karlsruher Beiträge zur wirtschaftspolitischen Forschung - Karlsruhe Papers in Economic Policy Research

Volume 31 2011

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Short-sea shipping S. 31

„… delivered by truck).3.2.4 Short-sea shippingTechnically speaking, this transportation activity refers to the …” „… transport performed along rivers. Fluvial shipping includesthe movements of wet and dry bulk cargoes …” „… maritime transport with the exclusion of ocean or deep-sea shipping. For its implementation,many vessel …”

Door-to-door vs. Just-in-time deliveries S. 115-116

„… transportation needs depending on their time sensibility.Two types of shipping services are well known and large …” „… shipping services for containersis roughly 85% for the door-to-door and the rest 15% is attributed to the …” „… shipping company is considered as carrier haulage, whilstrouting managed by forwarders is called merchant …”

Carrier vs. Merchant haulage S. 116-117

„… representation.routing ismanaged by an ocean shipping company is considered as carrier haulage, whilstrouting managed by …” „… forwarders is called merchant haulage.B.2 Carrier vs. Merchant haulageIn carrier haulage, the ocean shipping …” „… hinterland segments are the most costlyover far long distances. To ensure the access to hinterlands, shipping …”

Builders of transportation chains S. 34-36

„… capital. They carry out the management of a good shipping-task between the point oforigin and destination …” „… transportation task, butalso the forwarding companies, the ocean shipping liners and in some cases the …” „… hinterlands including shipping rates, routes, carriers and documentation required to achieve their tasksas …”

Interoperability S. 31-33

„… delivered by truck).3.2.4 Short-sea shippingTechnically speaking, this transportation activity refers to the …” „… transport performed along rivers. Fluvial shipping includesthe movements of wet and dry bulk cargoes …” „… maritime transport with the exclusion of ocean or deep-sea shipping. For its implementation,many vessel …”

Maritime and hinterland interdependencies S. 23-24

„… shipping lines. Since port terminal operators and shippingliners have been established around the world …” „… Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) that are cooperating andhave agreements at the Port of Antwerp in Belgium …” „… location of main shipping companies that are currently holding or will hold a share in the main European …”

Inland waterways S. 31

„… delivered by truck).3.2.4 Short-sea shippingTechnically speaking, this transportation activity refers to the …” „… transport performed along rivers. Fluvial shipping includesthe movements of wet and dry bulk cargoes …” „… maritime transport with the exclusion of ocean or deep-sea shipping. For its implementation,many vessel …”

Railways S. 30-31

„… delivered by truck).3.2.4 Short-sea shippingTechnically speaking, this transportation activity refers to the …” „… rivers. Fluvial shipping includesthe movements of wet and dry bulk cargoes, containers and passengers …” „… maritime transport with the exclusion of ocean or deep-sea shipping. For its implementation,many vessel …”

Bibliography S. 123-129

„… between road and shipping forfreight transport: Evidence for four Spanish exporting sectors. In: Journal …” „… . 57Hayuth 2007a HAYUTH, Y.: 2007. – A shipping line’s perspective on inland transportation. Hinterland …” „… 2007b HAYUTH, Y.: A shipping line’s perspective on in land transportation.2007. – Hinterland …”

Generators of demand (shippers) S. 33-34

„… capital. They carry out the management of a good shipping-task between the point oforigin and destination …” „… shipping task. This group is formed by the forwarder, theocean shipping liners, the logistics service …” „… transportation task, butalso the forwarding companies, the ocean shipping liners and in some cases the …”

Port and hinterland reciprocity S. 24-25

„… major shipping liners and port operators in EuropeSource: Author’s own elaboration based on information …” „… started long time ago.Some practices of this kind are ocean shipping liners performing door to door …” „… services(Maersk-Sea Land) or contracting directly trains. The first case of a shipping line involvedin hinterland …”

Subcontracting S. 111-113

„… shipping liner is out of this study since theway to operate involves more aspects related to their own …” „… subcontract an LF for smallquantities of containers and an ocean shipping line uses the 3PL and LF services …” „… ContractsForwarderOcean shipping lineForwardersLogisticsservice providerLogisticsservice providerLogisticsservice provider …”

New role of ports S. 20-23

„… freight ratefluctuations. The economic idea of shipping liners behind increasing the size of vesselsis to …” „… wide businesses basedon the increased demand of shipping lines. Since port terminal operators and …” „… of SingaporeAuthority (PSA) and Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) that are cooperating andhave …”

Maritime and port alliances S. 23

„… shipping lines. Since port terminal operators and shippingliners have been established around the world …” „… Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) that are cooperating andhave agreements at the Port of Antwerp in Belgium …” „… location of main shipping companies that are currently holding or will hold a share in the main European …”

Carriers S. 37-38

„… actors that physically perform the shipping tasks in hinterlands. Theycan be road, rail and barge …” „… and their flexibility for covering a shipping task. This is the reasonwhy the road haulage covers from …” „… according to the availability of transport modes,services and needs for shipping a commodity from an origin …”

Transport technology S. 17-19

„… transferred fromtruck or trains to shipping vessels and the entire container was loaded at once. In 1956the …” „… to Florida and Houston. A complete revolution onmaritime shipping turned efficient the whole …” „… own representation based on Agnona (2005).The increase of shipping commodities in containers is linked …”

Contracts S. 113-114

„… A.2 ContractsForwarderOcean shipping lineForwardersLogisticsservice providerLogisticsservice …” „… . Certainly, their roles may vary according to the shipping responsibilitiesoutlined in the contracts agreed …”

Conclusion S. 105-110

„… shipping company.1057 ConclusionA progressive flow of decisions can be constructed according to the ability …” „… to perform the shipping task, which disrupts the well functioning of thesystem. Nonetheless, the …” „… builder represents the demand of transport services independentof whomever performs the shipping task.Once …”

Synopsis S. 27-28

„… result,databases with companies for shipping commodities over hinterlands are becoming moreand more familiar in …” „… mainmaritime network connections have been established. Second, the risk that shipping linersrun by owning and …”

Infrastructure operators and managers S. 36-37

„… shipping activities. Thecommodities can not be transferred from land to sea (or vice versa) without a port …” „… .3.3.4 CarriersThe carriers are the actors that physically perform the shipping tasks in hinterlands …”

Deregulation of ports S. 16-17

„… transferred fromtruck or trains to shipping vessels and the entire container was loaded at once. In 1956the …” „… to Florida and Houston. A complete revolution onmaritime shipping turned efficient the whole …”

Competition between port-hinterland systems S. 25-27

„… for attracting more commodities. As a result,databases with companies for shipping commodities over …” „… risk that shipping linersrun by owning and commanding more vessels has ended up to the distribution of …”

Demand and supply interactions S. 38-42

„… shipping task. This is the reasonwhy the road haulage covers from a half to two thirds of the container …” „… modes,services and needs for shipping a commodity from an origin like a production site to adestination where the …”

List of Figures S. 10

„… shipping liners and port operators in Europe 242.5 Overlapping hinterlands 263.1 Hinterland scope and modes …”

Motivation S. 13

„… (modes) of shipping a container at whatever possibledestination. Efficacy because no matter the way a …”

Definition and methodological approach S. 29-30

„… : road,rail, river, continental cabotage or (short-sea shipping) and pipeline. Traditionally, thehinterland …”

Overview S. 13-14

„… (modes) of shipping a container at whatever possibledestination. Efficacy because no matter the way a …”

Removal of trade barriers S. 15-16

„… development of containerisation for ocean shipping.3. Market opening; investment is encouraged and consumers …”

Foreword of the Editor S. 5-9

„… Railways 303.2.3 Inland waterways 313.2.4 Short-sea shipping 313.2.5 Interoperability 313.3 Typology of …”

Maritime networks S. 19-20

„… of shipping liners behind increasing the size of vesselsis to reduce cost per container. This is …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845227511

Alexander Proelß - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

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Alexander Proelß (ed.)

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2017

Results in this title

. Non-interference with shipping routes S. 1745-1747

„… with the objective pursued by this provision. Article 261 Non-interference with shipping routes The …” „… obstacle to established international shipping routes. Bibliography: Myron H. Nordquist/Shabtai …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. ‘established international shipping routes …”

. Ice-covered areas S. 1567-1586

„… Emerging Rules of Arctic Shipping Governance, IJMCL, 30 (2015), 674–699; Kristin Bartenstein, Navigating …” „… ), 226–235; Agustı́n Blanco-Bazán, Specific Regulations for Shipping and Environmental Protection in the …” „… , International Regulation of Polar Shipping, in: Erik J. Molenaar/Alexander G. Oude Elferink/ Donald R. Rothwell …”

. Nationality of Ships S. 693-701

„… registration of vessels of a certain size ( Art. 94 (2)(a)).9 The shipping registration laws of the United …” „… pollution control and shipping safety.’11 In this regard, Art. 91 contains two duties and a limitation …” „… ), 149–150. 10 S. 1 (1)(d) Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (UK) exempting from registration vessels under 24 …”

. Scope of this section S. 288-294

„… that applies to foreign shipping and air traffic. In those straits, rights of navigation and overflight …” „… the route formed by the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, and for shipping plying between Japan and …” „… . In that sense, a route is often one that is followed by shipping that traverses several geographical …”

. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in straits used for international navigation S. 308-314

„… schemes (TSS) within the straits they border has its origin in a customary practice among shipping …” „… contemporary law of the sea, the schemes envisaged in Art. 41 have been a fixture for international shipping …” „… existence of a TSS in a strait may prove the appeal of the strait to international shipping, but that it is …”

. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in the territorial sea S. 209-214

„… . Transnat’l L. & Pol’y 16 (2006), 73–99; Lindy S. Johnson, Coastal State Regulation of International Shipping …” „… space available for shipping. 3 In designating sea lanes or prescribing TSS, the coastal State must take …” „… Art. 13, it left the selection of routes across the North Atlantic to private shipping companies.3 …”

. Definition of piracy S. 738-745

„… Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Douglas Guilfoyle, Counter-Piracy Law …” „… recently by the UN Security Council) to refer to acts of violence against shipping within the territorial …” „… particular historical difficulty: the status of insurgencies in civil wars that attacked foreign shipping on …”

. Piracy by a warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied S. 745-747

„… paix, vol. I (1932), 324; Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009 …” „… ). 2 Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009), 34–35. Part VII. High …” „… classed as pirates if confined themselves to attacking the shipping of the government they sought to …”

. Innocent passage S. 328-335

„… international shipping to a local port beyond the straits may enhance the importance of ports in the …” „… Peenestrom and flanked solely by Polish territory, shoulders most of the shipping to the Polish ports inland …” „… foreign shipping to the Polish ports. The provision, therefore, has only a potential role in respect of …”

. Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship S. 230-238

„… recovery of the costs of shipping services through an internationally recognised system of maritime liens …” „… . Gallagher/Fiona David, The International Law of Migrant Smuggling (2014); Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction …” „… . The aim of Art. 27 is to balance flag State interests in shipping and navigation on the one hand, with …”

. Status of ships S. 701-705

„… temps de paix, vol. I (1932); Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009 …” „… . 92 ‘preserves the fundamental rule that foreign shipping cannot be interfered with on the high seas …” „… and Art. 94 MN 8. 18 Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009), 101. See …”

. Duties of the flag State S. 708-715

„… . Churchill/Alan V. Lowe, The Law of the Sea (3rd edn. 1999); Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law …” „… majority of world shipping by tonnage). Such a view must be rejected due to the great variety of …” „… affected States and States representing a majority of word shipping by tonnage) must be taken into account …”

. Duty to cooperate in the repression of piracy S. 734-738

„… , Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Douglas Guilfoyle, Prosecuting Somali Pirates: A …” „… more frequently willing to protect shipping from pirates than to capture and prosecute pirates …” „… Organization (IMO) (and more recently by the UN Security Council) to refer to acts of violence against shipping …”

. Safety zones S. 1741-1745

„… pursued by this provision. Article 261 Non-interference with shipping routes The deployment and use of any …” „… international shipping routes. Bibliography: Myron H. Nordquist/Shabtai Rosenne/Alexander Yankov (eds.), United …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. ‘established international shipping routes …”

. Charges which may be levied on foreign ships S. 227-230

„… International 1882 unanimously agreed that the coastal State might not subject shipping in the territorial sea …” „… , see s. 205 (2) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (UK). 10 David H. Anderson, The Imposition of Tolls …” „… recovery of the costs of shipping services through an internationally recognised system of maritime liens …”

. Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage S. 200-209

„… , Coastal State Regulation of International Shipping (2004); Douglas M. Johnston, The Environmental Law of …” „… Ottesen/Stephen Sparkes/Colin Trinder, Shipping Threats and Protection of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: The …” „… 2), 95. 17 Lindy S Johnson, Coastal State Regulation of International Shipping (2004), 68–69. 18 …”

. Prohibition of the transport of slaves S. 731-734

„… Contemporary Analysis under International Law, SJILC 36 (2008–2009), 146–230; Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping …” „… Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009), 228–231. Those in debt-bondage are …” „… temps de paix, vol. I (1932); Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009 …”

. Unauthorized broadcasting from the high seas S. 764-768

„… Communications, RdC 115 (II) (1965), 471–583; Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea …” „… inaccurately, in the film The Boat that Rocked (2009). See generally: Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction …” „… mer: le temps de paix, vol. I (1932); Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea …”

. Pollution from vessels S. 1420-1444

„… International Shipping, in: Aldo Chircop/Ted L. McDorman/Susan J. Rolston (eds.), The Future of Ocean …” „… Jurisdiction: Evolution of the Port State Regime (1993); Frederic L. Kirgis, Shipping, in: Oscar …” „… marine pollution stemmed from shipping, whereas, 44 % originated from land based activities, 33 % from …”

. Meaning of innocent passage S. 187-197

„… Guilfoyle on Art. 98 MN 7–11. 29 ACT Shipping (OTE) Ltd v. Minister for the Marine, Ireland and the …” „… Policy 23 (1999), 131–145; Lindy S. Johnson, Coastal State Regulation of International Shipping (2004 …” „… International Chamber of Shipping to modify the provisions on pollution and to remove the ‘catch-all’ provision …”

. Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships S. 238-242

„… existed in English law from the enactment of the Merchant Shipping Act 1854 until 1956.3 The legislation …” „… . 527 Merchant Shipping Act 1854 (17 & 18 Vict c. 104). Also s. 688 Merchant Shipping Act 1894 (57 & 58 …”

. Navigational and safety aids and other improvements and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution S. 321-325

„… degree of dependence on such aids on the part of foreign shipping, however, a problem will arise as to …” „… happen in the strait, and consequently the geographical situation alone cannot attract foreign shipping …” „… years, a new Cooperative Mechanism has been shaping up since 2006,19 with more user States, the shipping …”

. Illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances S. 760-764

„… ), 183–192; Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Natalie Klein, Maritime …” „… Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009), 89–94; Efthymios Papastavridis, The …” „… ), 471–583; Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Mitchell J. Hanna …”

. Internal waters S. 85-97

„… 23 August 1958, ILR 27 (1963) 117, 212; The MV ‘Toledo’ ACT Shipping (PTE) Ltd v. Minister for the …” „… shipping, closure of ports to vessels of a certain flag State and closure of ports to certain vessels …” „… Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976 (ILO Convention No. 147) and its 1996 Protocol; the Maritime …”

. Duty to render assistance S. 726-731

„… , Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Natalie Klein, A Case for Harmonizing Laws on Maritime …” „… disembarkation of rescued persons’.29 21 Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009 …” „… International Law, SJILC 36 (2008–2009), 146–230; Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the …”

. Artificial islands, installations and structures in the exclusive economic zone S. 465-481

„… of Art. 60 (1) by registering it in the official nautical charts and other official shipping …” „… to the economic purposes referred to in Art. 56 (1)(a), but to safety of shipping.57 5 …” „… ensure the safety of shipping or of the installations.’ 72 Lagoni (note 50), 124. 73 Proelss (note 50 …”

. Use of technologies or introduction of alien or new species S. 1320-1329

„… of the use of the oceans e. g. by shipping traffic, but also intentionally caused like, for instance …” „… discharge of ballast water, as shipping moves 80 % of the world’s goods.34 As shown above, alien or new …” „… alien introduction happens by ballast water as shipping moves 80 % of the world’s goods, cf. Committee …”

. Liability for seizure without adequate grounds S. 754-756

„… loss or damage caused by the seizure. Bibliography: Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the …” „… (Art. 45). 12 Ibid., 29. 13 Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009 …”

. Enforcement with respect to pollution from or through the atmosphere S. 1522-1528

„… , available at: http:// www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/apr/09/shipping-pollution Documents: IMO …” „… ); John Vidal, Health Risks of Shipping Pollution Have Been ‘Underestimated’, The Guardian, 9 April 2009 …” „… or diplomatic conferences.3 1 International shipping accounted for approximately 2.2 % and 2.1 % of …”

. Ships flying the flag of the United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency S. 705-708

„… Law Problems of Merchant Shipping, RdC 197 (1962-III), 1–167 33 Oxford English Dictionary (3rd edn …” „… Law Problems of Merchant Shipping, RdC 197 (1962-III), 144–156. 9 See now: Art. IX International …”

. Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine environment S. 1036-1047

„… such safety zones shall not be such as to form a belt impeding the lawful access of shipping to …” „… navigation on the high seas’.28 On the other hand, the Chamber deemed all shipping activities that do not …” „… to ‘make the area [sic] safe so as not to constitute a danger to persons, shipping or to the marine …”

. Exercise of powers of enforcement S. 1532-1535

„… . Bibliography: Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Donald R. Rothwell/Tim …” „… , Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Philipp Wendel, State Responsibility for Interferences …”

. Protection of human life S. 1029-1036

„… for maritime safety are mostly administered by the IMO. Most of the regulations focus on shipping …” „… involve traditional maritime undertakings that are covered by other instruments, such as shipping of …” „… belt impeding the lawful access of shipping to particular maritime zones or navigation along …”

. Measures to facilitate proceedings S. 1528-1532

„… Sea and Contiguous Zone (CTSCZ), in a rapidly expanding shipping sector and with new developments in …” „… . Bibliography: Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Donald R. Rothwell/Tim …”

. Legal status of waters forming straits used for international navigation S. 273-277

„… provisions of the part, with the right of passage for international shipping. In international straits, in …” „… shipping can only pass through the part of the strait comprising territorial sea, by reason of necessity …”

. Ships and aircraft which are entitled to seize on account of piracy S. 756-760

„… ), 29–30 (Art. 45). 12 Ibid., 29. 13 Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009 …” „… ), 183–192; Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Natalie Klein, Maritime …”

. Preferential treatment for developing States S. 1353-1357

„… Shipping on Clean Oceans Through the Integrated Technical Co-operation Programme (2012); UN, Report of the …” „… Development: Capacity-building for Safe, Secure and Efficient Shipping on Clean Oceans Through the Integrated …”

. Rights of protection of the coastal State S. 223-227

„… Law of the Sea (3rd edn. 1999); Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009 …” „… ), 268 et seq. 13 See Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009), 199–204. 14 …”

. Immunity of ships used only on government non-commercial service S. 717-722

„… ) v. Wallem Shipping (Hong Kong) Limited and Another, ILR 64 (1983), 90 (UK); I Congreso del Partido …” „… presumably would 24 Ibid., 30. 25 The Philippine Admiral (Owners) v. Wallem Shipping (Hong Kong) Limited and …”

. Cooperation on a global or regional basis S. 1329-1334

„… regulate international shipping, including operational and accidental pollution. 4. ‘international rules …” „… representing the required percentage proportion of world merchant shipping tonnage. 5. ‘marine environment’ 22 …”

. Meaning of passage S. 182-187

„… which Appear Ripe For International Regulation, LN Doc. C.196.M.70.1927.V (1927) Cases: ACT Shipping …” „… Guilfoyle on Art. 98 MN 7–11. 29 ACT Shipping (OTE) Ltd v. Minister for the Marine, Ireland and the …”

. Duties of the coastal State S. 218-223

„… coastal State was under a duty to notify shipping in general of the minefield’s existence.2 The Court did …” „… Sea (3rd edn. 1999); Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Alan V …”

. Right of visit S. 768-773

„… mer: le temps de paix, vol. I (1932); Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea …” „… Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009), 24. 3 See further: Guilfoyle on Art. 91 MN …”

. Responsibility and liability S. 1586-1592

„… Eger/Brit Fløistad/Arnfinn Jørgensen-Dahl/Lars Lothe/Morten Mejlænder-Larsen/Tor Wergeland, Shipping in …” „… non-State actors, such as the shipping industry, to take measures to prevent the pollution of the marine …”

. Institution of proceedings S. 2492-2499

„… Sea and International Shipping: Anglo-Soviet Post- UNCLOS Perspectives (1985), 39–68; Alan Boyle …” „… Procedures in the 1982 UNCLOS, in: W. E. Butler (ed.), The Law of the Sea and International Shipping …”

. Use of terms S. 2513-2518

„… Shipping: Anglo-Soviet Post UNCLOS Perspectives (1985), 69–103 Documents: GA, Agreement Relating to the …” „… the Sea and International Shipping: Anglo- Soviet Post UNCLOS Perspectives (1985), 69, 78–86. 11 …”

. Right of hot pursuit S. 773-780

„… ), 105–111; Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Natalie Klein, Maritime …” „… Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009), 92–94. See also: Art. 13 (2) Agreement on …”

. Enforcement by flag States S. 1475-1488

„… competitive world of shipping.13 It later proposed two draft provisions, which set forth a general enforcement …” „… , Registro Italiano Navale (RINA), American Bureau of Shipping and DNV GL, to name just a few. These …” „… Certification is of utmost practical importance in the daily shipping business. In particular, the exercise of …”

. Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment S. 1296-1316

„… for the protection of defined sea areas against pollution by shipping (activities) because of their …” „… area needs to be protected especially against these effects of shipping, this is possible if strict …” „… requirements are met under the custody of the IMO.108 In many cases, shipping as such has only a minor impact …”

. Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone S. 445-459

„… provisions of the regime of the high seas codified in Arts. 88–115 whose main focus is on shipping and flag …” „… that it is common that States not bordering the sea have a shipping register and are entitled to grant …” „… . 58 (2) renders applicable Arts. 88 to 115, whose main focus is on shipping and flag State …”

. Scope of this Part S. 277-285

„… shipping and aircraft such that they have to confine their movement within or over the strait to the …” „… UNCLOS and international law apply. Thus, no passage may be conducted by foreign shipping or aircraft …”

. Immunity of warships on the high seas S. 715-717

„… ) v. Wallem Shipping (Hong Kong) Limited and Another, ILR 64 (1983), 90 (UK); I Congreso del Partido …”

. Normal baseline S. 46-61

„… shipping lane part of the high seas (or EEZ).19 Article 5 Normal baseline Except where otherwise provided …” „… shipping or for LOS boundary delimitation. The significance of this variable quality of charts in maritime …” „… navigation. The history of the text55 supports this understanding. For commercial shipping, The International …”

. Use of terms and scope S. 18-28

„… : Climate Change, Sustainable Fisheries, Biodiversity, Shipping, Regional Issues (2011), 457–471; M …” „… Ocean, in Globalisation: Climate Change, Sustainable Fisheries, Biodiversity, Shipping, Regional Issues …”

. Anadromous stocks S. 528-537

„… Fish Stocks, ODIL 4 (1977), 233–259; Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea …” „… Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009), 120–124. 20 E. g. the Memorandum of …”

. Measures to avoid pollution arising from maritime casualties S. 1513-1522

„… : http:// www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/apr/09/shipping-pollution Documents: IMO, Amendments to …” „… , Health Risks of Shipping Pollution Have Been ‘Underestimated’, The Guardian, 9 April 2009, available at …”

. Ports S. 120-129

„… a vagueness remaining as to what is included, even when a structure is not connected with shipping …” „… from those of a port, but also noted that ‘the […] dyke may of use in protecting shipping destined for …”

. Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage S. 394-405

„… vessels, it applies equally to both warships and merchant shipping.35 As indicated below,36 a number of …” „… resulted in objections from States who conduct shipping through Indonesian waters.38 3. ‘sea lanes passage …”

. Submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf S. 619-629

„… : Richard Cadell/Rhidian Thomas (eds.), Shipping, Law and the Marine Environment in the 21st Century …” „… : Alexander Proelss, Pipelines and Protected Sea Areas, in: Richard Caddell/Rhidian Thomas (eds.), Shipping …”

. High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones through straits used for international navigation S. 285-288

„… navigation, as other routes of shipping that span the oceans, including the EEZ. 5 In practice, the utility …”

. Duties of States bordering straits S. 325-328

„… up since 2006,19 with more user States, the shipping industry, and other stakeholders to be drawn in …”

. Fact finding S. 2509-2513

„… Shipping: Anglo-Soviet Post UNCLOS Perspectives (1985), 69–103 Documents: GA, Agreement Relating to the …”

. Prompt release of vessels and crews S. 1882-1894

„… procedure for the prompt release of vessels was the United States, echoing concerns of the shipping industry …” „… lapsed and that, in any case, the ship had been de-registered from the shipping register of Belize as a …”

. Limitations on applicability of section 2 S. 1908-1920

„… Inspired by the desire to resist ‘creeping jurisdiction’ of coastal States over shipping in their EEZs,2 …” „… competence for shipping and related matters including the protection of the marine environment from pollution …”

. Outer limit of the territorial sea S. 42-46

„… shipping lane part of the high seas (or EEZ).19 Article 5 Normal baseline Except where otherwise provided …”

. Freedom of the high seas S. 679-683

„… from interference with their shipping by other States ( Art. 92) (‘exclusive’ interests).18 Paragraph …”

. Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone S. 419-438

„… , in: Richard Caddell/Rhidian Thomas (eds.), Shipping, Law and the Marine Environment in the 21st …” „… the EEZ, or to exclude international shipping from parts of its EEZ because it intends to authorize …” „… , Pipelines and Protected Sea Areas, in: Richard Caddell/Rhidian Thomas (eds.), Shipping, Law and the Marine …”

. Penal jurisdiction in matters of collision or any other incident of navigation S. 722-726

„… , Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Natalie Klein, A Case for Harmonizing Laws on Maritime …”

. Lists of experts S. 2499-2503

„… fisheries to further incorporate issues affecting the marine environment, scientific research and shipping …”

. Signature S. 1969-1980

„… Shipping: Anglo-Soviet Post-UNCLOS Perspectives (1985), 15–37; Michael Wood, Final Act, MPEPIL, available …” „… International Shipping: Anglo- Soviet Post-UNCLOS Perspectives (1985), 15–37. 2 ICJ, Reservations to the …”

. Immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes S. 251-255

„… Sea, ICLQ 8 (1959), 73–121; Christopher J. French, Eighteenth-Century Shipping Tonnage Measurements …”

. Seizure of a pirate ship or aircraft S. 750-754

„… : Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Myron H. Nordquist/Satya N …”

. Notification of imminent or actual damage S. 1334-1339

„… proportion of world merchant shipping tonnage. 5. ‘marine environment’ 22There is no definition in the UNCLOS …”

. Right of innocent passage S. 177-182

„… ’ contained in S. 313 (1) of the UK Merchant Shipping Act, which states that ‘ship includes every description …”

. Reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes S. 683-688

„… Convention, France ‘declared a vast area of the Pacific closed to foreign shipping’ in 1972 in the course of …”

. Cooperation among international organizations Article 278. Cooperation among international organizations S. 1808-1814

„… instruments relating to maritime matters and the effect of shipping on the marine environment’, Art. 2 (d …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1740 Article 261. Non-interference with shipping routes …”

. Contiguous zone S. 255-273

„… Sea, ICLQ 8 (1959), 73–121; Christopher J. French, Eighteenth-Century Shipping Tonnage Measurements …” „… . French, Eighteenth-Century Shipping Tonnage Measurements, Journal of Economic History 33 (1973), 434 et …”

. Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil S. 28-35

„… supress piracy and protect shipping. However, any consideration of sovereignty over the sea was absent. Of …”

. Pollution from or through the atmosphere S. 1444-1452

„… contribution of international shipping was approximately 2.2 % of the worldwide emission of carbon dioxide and …”

. Declarations, notifications and communications S. 2533-2541

„… provisions on maritime transport, safety of shipping and the prevention of marine pollution contained, inter …”

. Enforcement by port States S. 1488-1497

„… : 160.00mm 240.00mm shipping nations on the one hand, and coastal and port States on the other.39 With …”

Index S. 2554-2619

. Use of terms S. 335-353

„… the security need in seeing that large areas of ocean and airspace are not closed to shipping and …”

ANNEX VII ARBITRATION S. 2466-2492

ANNEX III BASIC CONDITIONS OF PROSPECTING, EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION S. 2114-2276

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Laura Luise Wanner - In Search of Collective Action

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Laura Luise Wanner

In Search of Collective Action

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 330 2024

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Chapter 6: Ships’ Classification and Arctic Shipping S. 273-302

Chapter 10: An Outlook for Arctic Shipping Regulations S. 375-376

Chapter 4: Canadian and Russian Regulations for Arctic Shipping S. 159-216

Chapter 2: The International Law of the Sea and Arctic Shipping S. 60-94

Chapter 8: Concluding Remarks on the Regulatory Framework for Arctic Shipping S. 349-356

Chapter 3: The IMO as an International Organization and the Regulation of Arctic Shipping S. 95-156

doi.org/10.5771/9783748941859

Julian Pawlak, Johannes Peters - From the North Atlantic to the South China Sea

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Julian Pawlak (ed.), Johannes Peters (ed.)

From the North Atlantic to the South China Sea

Series: ISPK Seapower Series

Volume 4 2021

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Dirk Siebels Non-State Actors, Piracy and Threats to Global Shipping S. 131-142

„… Non-State Actors, Piracy and Threats to Global Shipping Dirk Siebels Introduction The relationship …” „… between naval forces and commercial shipping companies has long been complicated. Naval operations are …” „… any information about the shipping industry as part of their training. At the same time, such …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… via international shipping lanes, many of them running through vulnerable choke points and bottlenecks …” „… submarine communication cables or pipelines on the seabed. Even small disruptions to global shipping or the …” „… international shipping by pirates, criminal groups or terrorists. In addition, climate change is increasingly …”

Niklas Granholm Like Butter Scraped Over Too Much Bread. The North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat—an Overlooked Region in Maritime Defence and Security? S. 181-196

„… civilian cargo shipping through the North Sea increased by 12.2%, through Kattegat by 23.9% and through …” „… shipping. Three archipelagos are also part of the picture: the Frisian Islands, the Gothenburg archipelago …” „… international shipping through the Danish Straits. Given the limited funds available and other big-ticket …”

Sebastian Bruns Together… From the Sea: Contemporary Allied Maritime Strategy S. 13-30

„… Shipping, the Invisible Industry that puts Clothes on your Back, Gas in your Car, and Food on your Plate …” „… Atalanta with NATO and CTF-151; the use of convoying and private security forces by shipping companies; a …” „… shipping, will be another factor to consider. 30 NATO member states might have trouble agreeing on naval …”

Keith E. Blount Why Maritime Strategy S. 31-40

„… the European theatre that is perhaps most thought-provoking. By 2018, the state-owned COSCO Shipping …” „… Europe’s Ports, Shipping Watch. 5 Statistics vary, but the general trend is widely accepted. See, for …” „… operation and has been very important in spreading the word of NATO generally and the NATO Shipping Centre …”

Frank G. Hoffman Incognito Hybrid Threats: Avoiding the Alliance’s Trident S. 69-92

„… . The dense networks of commercial shipping, energy transportation nodes and undersea infrastructure …” „… warfare at sea” in the Persian Gulf by threatening international trade and oil shipping going back to the …” „… shipping channel is just 2 miles in each direction, separated by a two-mile buffer lane. Oil tankers …”

Julian Pawlak, Johannes Peters Conclusion and Wrap-up S. 357-362

„… trade, Dirk Siebels offers a refreshing perspective on the threats to global shipping with a focus on …” „… the shipping industry. A closer look regarding maritime domain awareness and deeper cooperation …”

James Goldrick Allied Maritime Strategy from an Australian Perspective S. 241-254

„… markets to Asian ones, Australia remains the fifth largest consumer of shipping miles. Thus, any …” „… —shipbuilding, purchase what merchant ships it could get and establish— or re-establish—a national shipping line …” „… shipping framework that has worked so well and in so many regions in the past. Australia also believes that …”

Deborah Sanders The Rise of China and the Black Sea Region: Opportunities and Challenges for NATO S. 209-222

„… Istanbul Canal and the increase in global containerised shipping. The last section considers the …” „… maritime trade in the third quarter of 2020 and a strong indication that shipping traffic will pick up …” „… so ultimately also reduce the costs of shipping in the region; something that Beijing will be keen to …”

About the editors S. 363-364

„… security implications of the Crimean annexation for commercial shipping. Furthermore, he represented the …”

Sarandis Papadopoulos Combined and Joint Operations at Sea: Some Reflections from History S. 41-64

„… Fleet to pressure the Petrograd government.24 Elsewhere, German submarine attacks on merchant shipping …” „… cooperation stayed limited to parallel submarine operations against Allied shipping, with several dozen …” „… Penang, in current-day Malaysia, raiding Allied Indian Ocean shipping to support Imperial Japan.32 Axis …”

Pauline Pic, Frédéric Lasserre Allied Maritime Strategy in the Arctic in the 21st Century S. 197-208

„… development of shipping and resource exploitation. We are far from the resource Eldorado often mentioned by …”

Sarah Tarry, Kaspar Pajos The Alliance’s Reinforced Maritime Posture: Strengthening NATO’s Deterrence and Defence at Sea S. 255-272

„… . Under Operation Active Endeavour, NATO ships patrolled the Mediterranean and monitored shipping to help …”

Chris Parry Maritime Operations and Missions: The Falklands Case S. 321-336

„… Iceland–Faroes–UK line in order to ensure the safe arrival of reinforcement shipping from North America. The …”

Alix Valenti The Relentless Hazard: Allied Maritime Strategy and Climate Change S. 111-130

„… periods of the year (Figure 1). —Arctic Shipping Routes Source: European Space Agency (ESA) While these …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748921011

Henning Jessen, Michael Jürgen Werner - EU Maritime Transport Law

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EU Maritime Transport Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2016

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Michael Jürgen Werner III. Application of EU Competition Rules to Maritime Sector – Commentary on the Liner Shipping Consortium Block Exemption Regulation No. 697/2014 (Regulation 906/2009) S. 340-359

„… III. Application of EU Competition Rules to Maritime Sector – Commentary on the Liner Shipping …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2. The Need for a Block Exemption Regulation in Liner Shipping Consortia …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 b) Justification for a Block Exemption for Liner Shipping Consortia …”

Henning Jessen XIV. Commentary on Regulation (EU) 2015/757 on the Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Maritime Transport S. 1078-1116

„… Shipping, IMO Doc. MEPC 63/INF.2 Annex of 31 October 2011, Appendix 4; Bodansky, A Tale of Two …” „… .), Climate Change and Environmental Hazards Related to Shipping – An International Legal Framework (2013 …” „… ); Broder/Van Dyke, The Urgency of Reducing Air Pollution From Global Shipping, pp. 249, in …”

Michael Jürgen Werner IV. Commentary on the Community Guidelines on State Aid to Maritime Transport and Regulation 3094/95 on Aid to Shipbuilding S. 360-388

„… Developments; Maritime & Shipping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Spotlight on the Tonnage Tax …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 C. State Aid Developments in the Maritime and Shipping Sectors . . . . . . . . . 22 1. February …” „… ) Qualifying Shipping Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Maritime Transport …”

Robert Coleman, Henning Jessen I. Introduction S. 293-315

„… , pp. 207; Chuah, Extension of the Block Exemption for Liner Shipping Consortia, Journal of …” „… ); Haralambides, The Economics of Bulk Shipping Pools, Maritime Policy and Management 1996, pp. 221; van Hooydonk …” „… Transport Deregulation in Short Sea Shipping: Experience from Deregulation in the European Union …”

Robert Coleman, Henning Jessen I. Maritime Transportation General Introduction S. 19-65

„… ” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 d) Political Promotion of Short Sea Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 e …” „… .), Competition and Regulation in Shipping and Shipping Related Industries (2009); Anyanova, The EC and Enhancing …” „… of the Block Exemption for Liner Shipping Consortia, Journal of International Maritime Law 2014, pp …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… shipping – makes no exception anymore. Over the decades and largely driven by both the jurisprudence of the …” „… Court of Justice of the EU and the dynamic regulatory reaction to some disastrous shipping accidents in …” „… regulator for – in the words of the IMO itself – “safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean oceans …”

Robert Coleman, Henning Jessen I. Introduction S. 584-606

„… Kingdom and Europe, in: Caddell/Thomas, Shipping, Law and the Marine Environment in the 21st Century …” „… , EC Shipping Law (2nd ed., 1998); Power, The Historical Evolution of European Union Shipping Law …” „… penetrated by the risk of pollution from shipping as it is by the sea itself. But there are also other major …”

Alexandros Ntovas II. Commentary on Regulation EC/725/2004 on Enhancing Ship and Port Facility Security S. 1130-1208

„… International Shipping Community”, (2004) 3 WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 2, 123; IMO, Guide to Maritime …” „… ISPS Code in the Legal International Regime for the Security of International Shipping”, (2003) 3 WMU …” „… State Control (2004, 2nd edn.); Pallis, Athanasios/Vaggelas, George, “EU Port and Shipping Security”, pp …”

Marian Paschke II. Commentary on Regulation EEC/3577/92/EC Applying the Principle of Freedom to Provide Services to Maritime Transport within Member States S. 316-339

„… ; Aussant, Jill, Freedom to provide Services in Shipping in the EU, ETL 1994, 556; Basedow, Jürgen …” „… (2001-2010)8 as follows: – “vessels registered in the Spanish Special Register of ships and shipping companies …” „… that Member State and pursuing shipping activities; (b) shipping companies established in accordance …”

Michael Jürgen Werner IX. Directive 2002/59/EC establishing a Community vessel traffic monitoring and information system and repealing Council Directive 93/75/EEC S. 920-954

„… shipping using Community ports and sailing in the waters under the jurisdiction of the Member States, of …” „… December 2001 amending Council Directive 95/21/EC concerning the enforcement, in respect of shipping using …” „… certain shipping areas which are congested or hazardous for shipping”. The recital also goes on to say …”

Antonios Politis VII. Regulation (EC) No 392/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the liability of carriers of passengers by sea in the event of accidents S. 491-583

„… ) “Shipping Incident …” „… . 401-405; Serdy, “Public International Law Aspects of Shipping Regulation”, in: Baatz et al. (ed …” „… , particularly in the case of small shipping companies operating national transport services, account must be …”

Robert Coleman, Henning Jessen I. Introduction S. 1117-1129

„… shipping,1 fundamentally changed the political context for policy making on the subject and obliged the EU …” „… national governments, local administrations, shipping firms and port enterprises; the collection and …” „… provisions on international shipping entering into force at the same time as the Code itself in July 2004.6 …”

Melis Özdel II. Maritime Confict of Laws and Jurisdiction S. 211-248

„… more than security? Shipping and Trade Law 2009, pp 2; Peel, Forum Non-Conveniens and European ideals …” „… 293. A. Overview It is very common for shipping disputes to give rise to battles over jurisdiction and …” „… the applicable law. Usually connected to more than one state, shipping transactions and incidents …”

Henning Jessen VII. Commentary on Regulation EC/391/2009 on Common Rules and Standards for Ship Inspection and Survey Organisations and Directive 2009/15/EC on Common Rules and Standards for Ship Inspection and Survey Organisations and for the Relevant Activities of Maritime Administrations S. 731-873

„… (2010); Mizzi, The Third Maritime Safety Package: A Synopsis, Shipping & Trade Law (16 November 2009 …” „… global shipping. The earliest roots of “classifying” and registering ships in handwritten books date back …” „… classification system for shipping emerged as marine insurers were seeking to determine the quality of vessels to …”

Henning Jessen II. EU Law and Inland Waterway Transportation S. 66-94

„… Transport in Europe (2013); Power, The Historical Evolution of European Union Shipping Law, Tulane Maritime …” „… Law Journal 2014, pp. 313; Power, EC Shipping Law (2nd ed., 1998); Regner, Das …” „… , EC Shipping Law (1998), pp. 126; Regner, Das Binnenschiffsverkehrsrecht der EG. p. 303. Chapter 1, II …”

Melis Özdel I. The EU and the Carriage of Goods by Sea under Private Law and EU Regulation S. 95-210

„… Annotation (2009); Baughen, Shipping Law (5th edn, 2009); Beare, Liability regimes: where we are, how we got …” „… , Receipts Unknown – Retla clauses on the way out?, Shipping & Transport International, 2003, Vol.9, number 3 …” „… , non-shipping lawyers might be forgiven for assuming that allocation of the risks of sea carriage is based on …”

Henning Jessen XIII. Commentary on Regulation 530/2012/EU of Double-Hull or Equivalent Design Requirements for Single-Hull Oil Tankers S. 1052-1077

„… to Marine Cargo Management (2nd ed. 2014); de la Rue/Anderson, Shipping and the Environment (2nd ed …” „… intensified reaction to other major shipping disasters involving single-hull oil tankers – notoriously the oil …” „… global shipping. More than 25 years after the “Exxon Valdez” disaster, the global safety record of oil …”

Timo Noftz V. Regulation (EC) No 789/2004 on the transfer of cargo and passenger ships between registers within the Community S. 389-407

„… 95/21/ EC of 19 June 1995 concerning the enforcement, in respect of shipping using Community ports and …” „… important role in the shipping world. While originally their creation had in particular geopolitical and …” „… was established in the United Kingdom in 1854 by the Merchant Shipping Act.2 Since then nearly all …”

Henning Jessen, Alexander Block III. Seafarers’ Rights and Maritime Employment Contracts in the EU Legal Order S. 249-292

„… : Lemper/Pawlik/Neumann (eds.), The Human Element in Container Shipping (2012); Junker, Objektive Anknüpfung (2007 …” „… employed by third-country shipping companies. The primary aim of this Commentary is to analyse secondary EU …” „… legislation on shipping and maritime transport. Thus, a complex modern instrument of public international law …”

Mateusz Bek III. Commentary on Directive 2005/65/EC on Enhancing Port SecurityFor an extensive account of literature relevant to the subject of port security, see Chapter 5, II. S. 1209-1258

„… Ro-Ro vessels would otherwise pose to shipping operations. Such measures should not however inordinately …” „… the security of EU shipping, including the security levels adopted and threat evaluations made …”

Michael Pimm XII. Commentary on Directive 2009/21/EC on Compliance with Flag State Requirements S. 1041-1051

„… excludes those societies granted only limited recognition, such as the Hellenic Register of Shipping. The …” „… completed by July, 2014.21 These included all EU Member States with active shipping registers other than …” „… safety, no exception is made for Member States having no coastline or shipping register. Article 12 …”

Michael Pimm VIII. Commentary on Directive 2009/16/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on Port State Control S. 874-919

„… , The Enforcement of Shipping Standards under UNCLOS, WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 2011 (vol. 10), pp …” „… Change and Environmental Hazards Related to Shipping: An International Legal Framework (2012); Ringbom …” „… : Bull/Stemshaug (eds.), EC Shipping Policy (1997); Ringbom, Preventing Pollution from Ships: Reflections on the …”

Sara Vatankhah X. Commentary on Directive 2009/18/EC Establishing the Fundamental Principles Governing the Investigation of Accidents in the Maritime Transport Sector S. 955-1032

„… protection of the marine environment and for the safety of shipping, see Sara Vatankhah, The Contribution of …” „… ” relates to shipping; see Article 221 UNCLOS (Measures to avoid pollution arising from “maritime casualties …” „… Compare, for example, the wording of §§ 1 and 9 of the “Law to improve safety of shipping by investigating …”

Orestis Schinas II. Commentary on Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the sulphur content of marine fuels, as amended by Directive 2012/33/EC S. 607-652

„… (2011) clearly states that the environmental record of shipping can and must be improved by technology …” „… order to foster international shipping and international trade. Simply put, different regional technical …” „… ii. billion of annual health benefits iii. billion of costs for the shipping industry for switching …”

Henning Jessen VI. Commentary on Directive 2005/35/EC on ship-source pollution and on the introduction of penalties, including criminal penalties, for pollution offences (as amended by Directive 2009/123/EC) S. 685-730

„… shipping-related maritime zones are referred to in Article 3(1) of the Directive creating a very broad geographical …” „… : Lemper/Pawlik/Neumann (eds.), The Human Element in Container Shipping (2012); Jessen, Was ist ein „Schiff“? – Eine …” „… Human Element in Container Shipping (2012); Gonsaeles, The EU Regulatory Framework on Criminal Sanctions …”

Michael Pimm XI. Commentary on Directive 2009/20/EC on the Insurance of Shipowners for Maritime Claims S. 1033-1040

„… Package, the most recent of three sets of measures intended to improve the quality of merchant shipping …” „… there is the Merchant Shipping (Compulsory Insurance of Shipowners for Maritime Claims) Regulations …”

Michael Pimm IV. Commentary on Directive 2001/96/EC Establishing Harmonised Requirements and Procedures for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk Carriers S. 664-666

„… ). The background to the BLU Code was a series of shipping casualties involving large bulk carriers …”

Christine Wersel VI. Commentary on Regulation EC/1177/2010 Concerning the Rights of Passengers when Travelling by Sea and Inland Waterway S. 408-490

„… 405 44 (u) "shipping incident" means shipwreck, capsizing, collision or stranding of the ship …” „… the criteria in “passenger shipping activities supplemented by accommodation and other facilities …” „… ) “Shipping incident” was not included in the Proposal. It is defined consequently identical to the definition …”

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