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Josephine Gray, Lisa Trahair - Second Nature

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Josephine Gray (ed.), Lisa Trahair (ed.)

Second Nature

2022

doi.org/10.5771/9781786615107

Julia Christ, Axel Honneth - Zweite Natur

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Julia Christ (ed.), Axel Honneth (ed.)

Zweite Natur

2022

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John McDowell Second Nature and Geist S. 397-408

„… John mCDoWell Second Nature and Geist 1. I will begin by saying something about the very idea of …” „… a concept of the living animal.) Second Nature and Geist 399 cannot accommodate the social note that …” „… to be self-determining. 4. I turn now to second nature. I have for some time recommended a thought …”

Christophe Litwin Une seconde nature secundam naturam. Rousseau dans et contre la tradition moderne de la seconde nature S. 211-248

„… goûts naturels ; ou plutôt l’habitude nous fait une seconde nature que nous substituons tellement à la …” „… seconde nature secundam naturam comme naturelle, une condition de servitude pourtant contraire à notre …” „… comme naturel au grand nombre ce qui ne l’est pas. Elle est un moyen soit de seconder la nature pour …”

Gal Katz Sacrifing Second Nature. On the Political Habit S. 661-676

„… gal katz Sacrifing Second Nature On the Political Habit Introduction Hegel’s habit of identifying …” „… Ethical Life with »second nature« (e. g. PhR §§ 4, 151) seems to register, among other things, the …” „… their members. Ethical Life will thereby not only be second nature but also appear to us as such; we …”

Louis Carré Les transformations de la « seconde nature». Hegel, Dewey, Adorno S. 677-690

„… simple » (DN 435) ; et l’histoire est faussement naturelle quand elle se fige en « seconde nature …” „… louis Carré Les transformations de la « seconde nature » Hegel, Dewey, Adorno Personne ne se …” „… serait douté, il y a vingt ans, de l’engouement que connaîtrait le thème de la « seconde nature » parmi …”

Christophe Dejours Second nature and the theory of the body S. 575-584

„… Christophe DeJours Second nature and the theory of the body Introduction Hegel’s study of the …” „… concept of »habit« – which classically defines second nature – as a theme of his anthropology. Indeed …” „… self-consciousness? Second nature and sexuality I would like to describe this transformation from the angle of …”

Werner Bohleber Becoming a Subject. Second Nature, the Transmission of Cultural Knowledge and Epistemic Trust. Some Psychoanalytic Thoughts S. 563-574

„… Werner BohleBer Becoming a Subject Second Nature, the Transmission of Cultural Knowledge and …” „… ascribes to imagination in the self’s attempt to liberate itself from the constraints of the second nature …” „… . A similar notion of emancipation from second nature has been developed by some psychoanalysts from …”

Pierre Manent Introduction S. 193-196

„… leurs coutumes particulières. Tout être humain vit « naturellement » selon cette « seconde nature ». Dès …” „… nature – « seconde nature ». L’expression est merveilleusement suggestive mais tout autant ambiguë …” „… nature. Si toute coutume peut devenir « naturelle », en quoi consiste ce caractère naturel ? La coutume …”

Christof Rapp Introduction S. 77-84

„… nature«, we have the essential features of an Aristotle-inspired »second nature«-model. It is grounded in …” „… unqualified use of the »second nature«-model to account for Christof Rapp84 Aristotle’s views about the place …” „… scientific methods that could reduce nature to what is measurable and describable by these methods. Second …”

Dean Moyar The Living Good and the Goodness of Living. The Rationality of Sittlichkeit S. 295-320

„… point with regard to the first nature-second nature issue is what the parents owe to the children by …” „… Philosophy of Right) addressed to the individual.2 The rational force of his appeal to second nature, in …” „… second nature. Living as a whole individual within that living whole of institutional life makes sense …”

Claude Habib Renaturer l’homme. Par l’habitude et par l’amour S. 197-210

„… coutume est une seconde nature. »1 Non seulement la nature de l’homme est introuvable, mais peut-être …” „… seule habitude suffit encore en ceci, parce qu’elle ne fait que seconder la nature. »10 Qu’il faille …” „… . Cette ligne de pensée, qui part de Montaigne, jette sur la notion de nature humaine, un soupçon radical …”

Catherine Colliot-Thélène La critique du droit politique hégélien. Une proposition d’interprétation S. 257-272

„… membres. Qu’est-il advenu de la « seconde nature » hégélienne dans la critique de Marx ? Si il n’en est …” „… l’économie d’un difficile travail heuristique. Pour mémoire, on rappellera la nature de ce texte. Il s’agit …” „… extraits. Le second est celui où Marx commente les paragraphes de la Philosophie du Droit consacrés à la …”

Charles Larmore Zweideutigkeiten der zweiten Natur S. 145-160

„… dessen Zustand vor dem Sündenfall assoziierte. »La coutume«, schreibt er, est une seconde nature qui …” „… grand peur que cette nature ne soit elle-même qu’une première coutume, comme la coutume est une seconde …” „… détruit la première. Mais qu’est-ce que la nature? Pourquoi la coutume n’est-elle pas naturelle ? J’ai …”

Axel Honneth »Zweite Natur«. Untiefen eines philosophischen Schlüsselbegriffs S. 19-36

„… Novakovic, Hegel on Second Nature in Ethical Life, Cambridge / UK 2017. »Zweite Natur« 25 Rede, dass in …” „… dialectic between first and second nature from McDowell to Adorno«, in: Philosophy & Social Critcism, vol …” „… PLENARVORTRÄGE axel honneth »Zweite Natur« Untiefen eines philosophischen Schlüsselbegriffs Als …”

Dirk Quadflieg Einleitung S. 535-538

„… : Eros and Civilization« is to open up the question of what second nature in Hegel could possibly mean …” „… by taking into account psychoanalytic perspectives on the order of first and second nature. Though …” „… non-simplistic relation of first and second nature is clearly one of them. At first glance it might seem that …”

Thomas Khurana Introduction S. 287-294

„… , but not equally well-understood claim that the ethical realm is realized as a second nature. As the …” „… of the ethical realm on the other; the first nature presupposed by the ethical realm and the second …” „… the existing nature of ethical life, first nature and second nature, life and life more precisely? In …”

Ursula Wolf Nature, Habit and Reason in Aristotle’s Ethics S. 85-96

„… conception of second nature? To find out we need some minimal criteria to define this concept. In ordinary …” „… language, we call second nature the habits of persons which have been formed in the course of …” „… nature. The second is that what results at the end are habits that resemble causal properties of natural …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Christophe litWin Une seconde nature secundam naturam. Rousseau dans et contre la tradition …” „… moderne de la seconde nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 KOLLOQUIUM IV …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 John mCDoWell Second Nature and Geist …”

Bruno Karsenti Introduction S. 587-590

„… justement la « seconde nature », l’esprit objectif, l’esprit devenu nature. Si la seconde nature est bien …” „… seconde nature (c’est le piège de l’expression), ne renvoie donc pas à une première nature : il renvoie à …” „… l’esprit, elle ne donne pas accès à la seconde nature. La famille, la société civile, l’Etat, sont les …”

Arvi Särkelä Death and Disease of Spiritual Life. On Hegel’s Diagnosis of Lordship and Bondage S. 691-704

„… social-critical use of the concept of an »outer second nature« (Testa 2007, 488). In what follows, I will suggest …” „… ontology of second nature and, in particular, for developing the idea of social philosophy as a diagnosis …” „… description of the social organism. The homology here between first and second nature goes something like …”

Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer Introduction S. 387-396

„… essence of empirical things. Differentiations between first and second nature refer to different moments …” „… titles for what we could call »essence,« Hegel’s talk about second nature goes also back to Aristotle …” „… ) organicism Introduction 389 (i. e. biology). Second nature is humanly acquired habit, consisting of partly …”

Terry Pinkard Ethical life in the world as we found it S. 321-344

„… that »second nature« are just the virtues expressed abstractly in the »logical« part becoming embodied …” „… , but that’s not the whole, or even the key part of the story.) This is linked to a second longstanding …” „… self-conscious life. Second, self-consciousness is a transformation of life in that it is a matter of form …”

Etienne Balibar »Tod des Todes«. From the Philosophy of Religion to the Phenomenology S. 627-642

„… into the infinity of Spirit. »Second Nature«, but also »anti-Nature«, as it were. (c) Philosophically …” „… Geschichte, welche in diesem Bewusstsein die Explikation der göttlichen Natur selbst ist. 1 I chose to …” „… »zweite Natur« as »Geist« (spirit) which connects it to the question of neg- 1 G. W. F. Hegel, Vorlesungen …”

Joël Whitebook On Human Sociability S. 539-562

„… Joel Whitebook, Perversion and Utopia, tk and See Joel Whitebook, »First Nature and Second Nature in …” „… been present in »first nature« if »second nature« was to emerge. Let me be clear, there was 37 Quoted …” „… . »First Nature and Second Nature in Hegel and Psycho analysis.« Constellations 15, no. 3 (2008): 382–389 …”

Katerina Deligiorgi The Actual and the Good S. 409-422

„… it makes sense to focus on issues such as the nature of Hegel’s logic and its internal structure. If …” „… nature of this demand and how it can be met; in other words how the concept is transformed from …” „… an internal connection between believing that something is good and wanting to do it. The second is …”

Andrea Kern Einleitung S. 435-442

„… KOLLOQUIUM VIII: KÜNSTLICHKEIT – NATUR UND ÄSTHETIK anDrea kern Einleitung Kunst ist, was auch …” „… immer sie sonst noch ist, keine Natur. Das definiert sie als Kunst: keine Natur zu sein. Sie ist etwas …” „… Differenz der Kunst verstehen: ihre Differenz zur Natur. Hegels allgemeiner Vorschlag lautet, dass wir …”

Julia Peters Der Körper als Zeichen der Seele. Hegel über körperlichen Ausdruck S. 465-480

„… fundamentaler: von Geist und Natur). Und zwar deshalb, weil der menschliche Körper hier von Hegel ins Spiel …” „… gebracht wird einerseits als irreduzibel natürlicher Körper (in einem noch genauer zu benennenden Sinne …” „… menschlichen Körper unmittelbar als beides: als geistig und als natürlich.1 Zudem will ich aber in diesem …”

Béatrice Longuenesse Residuen der ersten Natur S. 37-54

„… hier auf Freuds Begriff des 1 Es ist zu beachten, dass McDowells Begriff »zweite Natur« (»second …” „… BéatriCe longuenesse Residuen der ersten Natur 0. Fragen Im vierten und letzten Abschnitt des …” „… out of mere nature (first nature). That is a way of putting a central thought of Freud. (Mind and …”

Frederick Neuhouser Natur, Bildung und Freiheit im Werk Jean-Jacques Rousseaus S. 125-144

„… freDeriCk neuhouser Natur, Bildung und Freiheit im Werk Jean-Jacques Rousseaus Das Verhältnis …” „… zwischen Natur und Kultur im Werk Jean-Jacques Rousseaus und daher auch seine Vorstellung von der zweiten …” „… Natur lassen sich nur dann angemessen verstehen, wenn man zwei weitere, verwandte Begriffe zu Rate …”

Dina Emundts Gewohnheit als zweite Natur. Hegels Fundierung einer antiken Denkfigur in seiner Logik S. 55-74

„… (2017), Hegel on Second Nature in Ethical Life, Cambridge (Cambridge University Press). Puzic, Maik …” „… Dina emunDts Gewohnheit als zweite Natur Hegels Fundierung einer antiken Denkfigur in seiner Logik …” „… Man kann nicht sagen, dass der Begriff der zweiten Natur bei Hegel eine sehr große Rolle spielt …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783465128359

Gunnar Hindrichs, Axel Honneth - Freiheit

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Gunnar Hindrichs (ed.), Axel Honneth (ed.)

Freiheit

Series: Geist und Geschichte

Volume 1 2013

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S. Rödl Reason and Nature, First and Second S. 119-130

„… SEBASTIAN RÖDL, Leipzig Reason and Nature, First and Second Appreciation of the spontaneity of …” „… reason may tempt one to think that reason is not part of nature. McDowell presents the idea of second …” „… nature as a means by which we can withstand the temptation: reason is part of our second nature and thus …”

M. Thompson Forms of nature: 'first', 'second', 'living', 'rational' and 'phronetic' S. 701-736

„… MICHAEL THOMPSON, Pittsburgh Forms of nature: „first‟, „second‟, „living‟, „rational‟ and …” „… stands opposed to the sophisticated naturalism of “second nature” that has been occasionally propounded …” „… habituation. It is, he thinks, only if we realize that some natures are so-called second natures that we can …”

S. Rödl Introduction S. 651-656

„… being nature. In recent times there has been a resurgence of interest in the concept of second nature …” „… – the power that underlies all spontaneity – as a second nature of a human being, a nature that a child …” „… of communal human life.1 Considering reason as second nature dissolves the illusory appearance that …”

S. Engstrom Freedom and Nature S. 657-680

„… 415–16. In the first edition Kant wrote Natur; the change to Wesen in the second suggests an intention …” „… “first nature” and the latter “second nature” in a person,43 provided that we recognize that this use of …” „… University Press 1988, pp. 11-25. 43 We can distinguish two ways in which the expression „second nature‟ may …”

F. Neuhouser Hegel on Life, Freedom, and Social Pathology S. 681-700

„… about second nature in Hegel, it is usually in the context of discussing the roles that habit and …” „… aspect of second nature: the sense in which the central concept of Hegel‟s philosophy – Geist, or Spirit …” „… – is itself conceived as a kind of second nature – more precisely, as sublated life, or aufgehobenes …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… ........................................ 99 Sebastian Rödl: Reason and Nature, First and Second ............................... 119 …” „… : Forms of nature: „first,‟ „second,‟ „living‟, „rational‟ and „phronetic …” „… Ludwig Siep: Natur und Freiheit ............................................................... 55 …”

S. Lukes Markets and Morals S. 461-476

„… zero, and they rarely are. The second claim for market superiority is the securing of liberty: markets …” „… alleviating extreme inequalities.4 So what is the negative case? It is already adumbrated in the second …” „… Second World War. But the problem was that Polanyi never explained what made these commodities …”

T. Pinkard Freedom and Necessity. And Music S. 321-338

„… dispositions and habits that make up her second nature.7 This forms a partial, incomplete experience of a type …” „… – in terms of one‟s own second nature and one‟s own idiosyncrasies and talents. What one does (even …” „… second nature – for example, one‟s character – yet as always having that character as an object before …”

R.J. Wallace Rightness and Responsibility S. 221-240

„… one acknowledges to obtain. Assume, second, that moral considerations do in fact represent genuine …” „… appropriate by the nature of the moral considerations that we judge to obtain, insofar as those …” „… are to do. This brings out a second respect in which the connection between morality and motivation …”

L. Herzog Free selves in free markets? S. 407-442

„… negative liberty alone. The second worry, discussed in the fourth section, concerns the stability of a …” „… self-deception or lack of will power? A second condition is the ability to act on one‟s own preferences, on …” „… , Adam, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 2 vols., ed. by Campbell …”

A. Nuzzo Contradiction in the Ethical World: Hegel´s Challenge for Times of Crisis S. 627-648

„… expressing Hegel‟s considered judgment on the nature of philosophical thinking in general, although they are …” „… real, nature and life,35 between what political and juridical institutions have to offer to their …” „… change about. Rather, Hegel seems to suggest that transformation lies in the nature of things, in the …”

A. Chitty Freedom and community in Hegel and Marx S. 567-580

„… : “Thinking of oneself as an I is the root of human nature”.7 But this self-awareness arises only in the …” „… something “universal” with respect to them. But second, just because such a subject abstracts from its …” „… to and yet distinct from me,16 and second an epistemic problem of how I can be sure that this object …”

R. Stern Freiheit als Selbstgesetzgebung S. 275-278

„… , seen as a result of second nature, which itself represents a liberation from first nature. Menke then …” „… . By coming to see nature as “disenchanted”, Pinkard argues, Hegel was led to view the normative as a …”

P. Redding Hegel, Aristotle and the Conception of Free Ageny S. 389-404

„… causality at all.” 4 Ibid., p. 187. 5 Ibid., p. 186. 6 Pinkard, Terry, Hegel‟s Naturalism: Mind, Nature …” „… Nevertheless, while Aristotle provides a “role model in accounting for the nature of human activities and …” „… practices”,11 we cannot look to Aristotle for help with understanding the nature of freedom itself. Pippin‟s …”

A. Norris Ästhetische Freiheit S. 133-140

„… its enjoyment. While for Kant beauty in nature retains a special status and purity and the sublime …” „… and the English second, after a slash; references to the PR and the E will be made by section, with …” „… reconciling term between pure thought and what is merely external, sensuous, and transient, between nature and …”

W.F. Bristow Defining Freedom as the End of Us S. 371-388

„… universality” insofar as it can abstract from all content, whether that content is present through nature …” „… content, it wills something in particular.3 The second moment of the will is, Hegel writes, “the …” „… universal, but rather because one feels fulfilled through upholding these social roles. Second, there is …”

M. Rosen Freedom in History S. 535-552

„… ) from sensible impulses (the negative concept of freedom) and the second, positive concept that of pure …” „… own nature. Thus his divine necessity is not the fetter or alien constraint that comes from being …” „… the hands of nature, I am irresistibly determined; but since in God no temporal sequence is thinkable …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783465138075

Martin Hartmann, Arvi Särkelä - Naturalism and Social Philosophy

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Martin Hartmann (ed.), Arvi Särkelä (ed.)

Naturalism and Social Philosophy

2023

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Part I: Second Nature and Forms of Life S. 17-130

„… Chapter 2Second NatureThe Profound Depths of a Key Philosophical ConceptAxel Honneth, translated by Joseph …” „… with another, starkly different Roman conception of second nature—one that might have discouraged him …” „… vicious habits can be understood as a prolongation 21Second Natureof our first nature, because both have …”

Martin Hartmann, Arvi Särkelä Chapter 1: Naturalism and Social Philosophy: An Introduction S. 1-16

„… “alienation” of “the social organism,” “social life,” or “second nature” (Honneth 2007, 2009, 2014; see also …” „… natural, but it is important to emphasize that the accounts of second nature are not absolved from …” „… makes them second natural? The simple answer is: that depends on what we understand nature to be and …”

Index S. 267-276

„… ; non-instrumental concept of, 28; of society, 10, 109–11, 116. See also first nature; second natural/naturenature of …” „… appropriation of second nature, 9, 54–58Aristotle, 8, 19, 30; ethical life, ideas of, 27; ethical virtues …” „… , interpretation of, 29–30, 35, 38; on human society, 235; natural teleology, ideas of, 31; second nature, concept …”

Part III: Naturalism and Social Criticism S. 197-266

„… self-perpetuating circle of second and first nature.The third species is critical history. In the critical mode …” „… that challenges the current self-perpetuating circle of sec-ond and first nature.The recipients then …” „… and second nature, the role of metaphysical speculation in social criticism, and, more generally, the …”

Part II: Embodiment and Social Life S. 131-196

„… characterized as that “spiral of second nature and first nature” within which social groups and persons are …” „… ): 192–205.Testa, Italo. 2017c. “Dewey, Second Nature, Social Criticism, and the Hegelian Heri-tage …” „… second—in any case an immutable—nature. Once aware of her confinement to the inessential, it is up to woman …”

Preface

„… Introduction 1Martin Hartmann and Arvi SärkeläPART I: SECOND NATURE AND FORMS OF LIFE: NATURALISTIC KEY …” „… CONCEPTS IN SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY 172 Second Nature: The Profound Depths of a Key Philosophical Concept 19 …” „… Axel Honneth, translated by Joseph Ganahl3 The Stage of Difference: On the Second Nature of Civil Society in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538174937

Federal Constitutional Court - Decisions of the Bundesverfassungsgericht - Federal Constitutional Court - Federal Republic of Germa

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Decisions of the Bundesverfassungsgericht - Federal Constitutional Court - Federal Republic of Germa

2007

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BVerfGE 73, 388 Order of the Second Senate of 23 October 1986 – 2 BvL 7, 8/84 “Church money case” Empowerment of the church corporate bodies entitled to levy tax to determine the nature and amount of church money in mixed-faith marriages. S. 269-276

„… the empowerment of the churches to levy church money. Order of the Second Senate of 23 October 1986 …” „… determine the nature and amount of church money within the meaning of § 3.1b of the Hamburg Church Tax Act …” „… to determine the nature and amount of church money within the meaning of § 3.1b of the Hamburg Church …”

BVerfGE 70, 138 Order of the Second Senate of 4 June 1985 – 2 BvR 1703, 718/83 and 856/84 “Labour law in church hospital case” The effectiveness of notices of termination of employment given by church institutions to employees in their service for the violation of ecclesiastical obligations of loyalty. S. 248-268

„… the Second Senate of 4 June 1985 – 2 BvR 1703, 718/83 and 856/84 – in the proceedings on the …” „… ). The Bishop of Essen also has a right of supervision “corre- 230 sponding to the ecclesiastical nature …” „… second complainant is the body responsible for the young people’s hostel Jugendwohnheim Salesianum in …”

BVerfGE 53, 366 Order of the Second Senate of 25 March 1980 – 2 BvR 208/76 “Hospital law and church self-determination case” Secular order on the structure and organisation of hospitals that are operated by religious societies, or institutions that are on an equal footing with them or associated with them, as a violation of the constitutional guarantee of the church’s right of self-determination (Hospital Act of the Land North-Rhine/Westphalia). S. 204-233

„… administration which is indispensable to the carrying out of these tasks. 183 Order of the Second Senate of 25 …” „… complainant a Protestant church parish. The second complainant is a registered association. Under § 2 of the …” „… constitutional rights … a) Under secular law, the second and third complainants, as registered associations, and …”

BVerfGE 35, 366 Order of the First Senate of 17 July 1973 – 1 BvR 308/69 “Cross in the courtroom case” Placing crosses in the courtroom. S. 106-111

„… proceedings of a compensatory nature before the Düsseldorf Administrative Court; the second complainant is …” „… . Elisabeth F. – authorised representative of the second complainant: Dr. …, lawyer – against a) directive of …” „… is now Israeli, represents, among others, the second complainant in equalisation of burden …”

BVerfGE 24, 236 Order of the First Senate of 16 October 1968 – 1 BvR 241/66 “Rag collector case” Guarantee of the right to organise collections for church or religious purposes and to announce them from the pulpit. Freedom of faith and freedom to profess a belief for associations with not all-embracing, but only partial care for the religious or ideological life of their members (Catholic Agricultural and Rural Youth). S. 67-75

„… exist and act, with regard to its form and content, to participation in and the nature of the practice …” „… extent of the institutional affiliation to a religious community or the nature of the goals pursued …” „… Catholic and Evangelical Churches as a fundamental church function (Second Vatican Council, Pastoral …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-11

„… punishment for failure to lend assistance. 62 9. BVerfGE 33, 23 Order of the Second Senate of 11 April 1972 …” „… the Land Baden-Württemberg. 90 12. BVerfGE 42, 312 Order of the Second Senate of 21 September 1976 – 2 …” „… . 140 15. BVerfGE 46, 73 Order of the Second Senate of 11 October 1977 – 2 BvR 209/76 “Church …”

BVerfGE 46, 73 Order of the Second Senate of 11 October 1977 – 2 BvR 209/76 “Church institution and works constitution law case” Works council in a charitable Catholic hospital. S. 170-185

„… . Indeed, in this reservation it takes account of what is constitutionally required. Order of the Second …” „… extent of the institutional affiliation to a religious community or the nature of the goals pursued …” „… indication of the Catholic nature of a hospital – is expressly entrusted to the Sisters of Mary, who, if “the …”

BVerfGE 57, 220 Order of the Second Senate of 17 February 1981 – 2 BvR 384/78 “Trade-union access to church institution case” Access to charitable institutions of the churches by outside union representatives. S. 234-247

„… the Second Senate of 17 February 1981 – 2 BvR 384/78 – in the proceedings on the constitutional …” „… way in its constitutionally guaranteed nature. However, the employees who work in the service of the …” „… during breaks. In canvassing and supplying information, consideration must be given to the special nature …”

BVerfGE 19, 226 Judgment of the First Senate of 14 December 1965 – 1 BvL 31, 32/62 “Mixed-marriage church tax case” An employee who is not a member of a church entitled to levy tax cannot be obliged by state law to pay church tax for his or her spouse who is a member of a church, or to be liable for the spouse’s church tax debt. S. 49-56

„… shall be calculated from half the retained wage tax. § 5.1 second half of sentence 1 shall apply mutatis …” „… financial in nature, with a community of faith even with the spouse who does not belong to it, this would be …” „… to have economic legal consequences to the degree corresponding to the nature of the area of life to …”

BVerfGE 83, 341 Order of the Second Senate of 5 February 1991 – 2 BvR 263/86 “Bahá’í case” Consideration of freedom of religion in interpretation and application of provisions of the Civil Code regarding associations (registration of the Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís in the register of associations). S. 284-299

„… Second Senate of 5 February 1991 – 2 BvR 263/86 – in the proceedings on the constitutional complaints 1 …” „… the Civil Code the consideration of the specific nature of a religious association which understands …” „… substantive nature, and requested that these be redressed. In particular, the complainant re 1) was alleged …”

Index S. 459-466

„… , specific nature 263, 275-277 religious belief, freedom to profess 109, 176, 191 religious celebrations …” „… 164- 165, 170 – school prayer 164-181 Second Vatican Council 245 sect – harmful sect 357 – sect …” „… – introduction of legal structures in the nature of a 386 – state church 322, 326, 328, 330 state educational …”

BVerfGE 19, 206 Judgment of the First Senate of 14 December 1965 – 1 BvR 413, 416/60 “Church construction tax case” Unconstitutionality of the Baden church construction tax. No transfer to a religious society of sovereign powers vis-à-vis persons who do not belong to any religious society. S. 37-48

„… through church tax for church buildings of the nature referred to in Article 2.2 no. 1, corporate bodies …” „… of legal structures in the nature of a state church, and prohibits privileges for specific …” „… , which by their nature cannot belong to any religious society. They would be forced by virtue of state …”

BVerfGE 108, 282 Judgment of the Second Senate of 24 September 2003 – 2 BvR 1436/02 “Headscarf case” Headscarf in class. S. 397-438

„… redefine the admissible degree of religious references permitted at school. Judgment of the Second Senate …” „… Examination and doing teaching practice, in 1998 the complainant passed the Second State Examination for the …” „… was not a distancing and rejecting neutrality of the nature of laicist non-identification with …”

BVerfGE 42, 312 Order of the Second Senate of 21 September 1976 – 2 BvR 350/75 “Church officer as member of the Bundestag case” Granting leave of absence to ministers and church officers for the duration of a term of office as a member of parliament in the Bundestag or in the legislative bodies of a Land. S. 126-146

„… relates to church officers, there are also no constitutional objections. Order of the Second Senate of 21 …” „… violated if a state court enters into discussions of a theological nature, evaluates church organisation …” „… moral and religious) demands of him, but in particular also because of the specific nature of the …”

BVerfGE 44, 37 Order of the First Senate of 8 February 1977 – 1 BvR 329/71, 217, 2237/73 and 199, 217/74 “Church tax after resignation of church membership case” Statutory period (“consideration period”) for the effectiveness of a declaration of resignation of church membership; “subsequent taxation” of a person who has resigned church membership. S. 147-161

„… with § 4 of the Second Act on the Collection of Schleswig-Holstein Land Law (Zweites Gesetz über die …” „… church membership in the Saarland since 1 April 1938 in accordance with § 1 of the Second Ordinance on …” „… counter to the principle of fiscal justice, given that its effects were inconsistent as to the nature of …”

BVerfGE 33, 23 Order of the Second Senate of 11 April 1972 – 2 BvR 75/71 “Oath refusal case” Protection of the religious conviction which refuses to take the oath of a witness even without invoking God. S. 92-105

„… also be considered as “statutory grounds” justifying refusal to take the oath. Order of the Second …” „… assume the nature of a promise with no religious reference. In a legal system which as a whole is …” „… of the Second Senate of 11 April 1972 – 2 BvR 75/71 – In the matter of a witness’ refusal to take an …”

BVerfGE 104, 337 Judgment of the First Senate of 15 January 2002 – 1 BvR 1783/99 “Permit for ritual slaughter case” Permit for ritual slaughter for Muslim butchers. S. 362-376

„… ritual slaughter were only granted in cases of emergency slaughter. After the end of the Second World …” „… second. Alternative 2 of § 4a.2 no. 2 of the Animal Protection Act, on the basis of which the …” „… light of Article 4 of the Basic Law, the state can also not negate the “mandatory” nature of a religious …”

BVerfGE 102, 370 Judgment of the Second Senate of 19 December 2000 – 2 BvR 1500/97 “Jehovah’s Witnesses case” S. 338-356

„… loyalty to the state extending beyond this. Judgment of the Second Senate of 19 December 2000 on the …” „… bodies, even if such attribution to public law is rather formal in nature. 329 3. Having said that, not …” „… principles of the law. Such reservations are an expression of the absolute nature of principles of faith …”

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