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Georgia Koutsoukou - Die Aufrechnung im europäischen Kollisions- und Verfahrensrecht

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Georgia Koutsoukou

Die Aufrechnung im europäischen Kollisions- und Verfahrensrecht

Series: Successful Dispute Resolution

Volume 8 2018

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Summary S. 521-534

„… similarity with other types of set-off, which rely on requirements determined by law. II. Insolvency set-off …” „… of the Rome I Regulation. Article 17 of the Rome I Regulation applies to: set-off requirements; the …” „… their habitual residence. The validity requirements of close-out netting agreements are subject to the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845292748

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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Sebastian Omlor Article 26 CISG S. 143-145

„… expressivity requirement. The purpose of Art. 26 CISG – to ensure that the other party obtains legal certainty …” „… purpose of Art. 26 CISG is to achieve legal certainty for the other party.2 The scope of application of …” „… avoidance Form The declaration of avoidance is, in general, not subject to a form requirement.5 Inter alia …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.2.2 (Third party identifiable) S. 587

„… . A. Invalidity in case of Impossibility of Identification In the interest of legal certainty,1 in …” „… identifiability of the beneficiary (even after contract conclusion)4 with ‘adequate certainty’, e.g. by a proper …” „… a beneficiary has to bring its claim in arbitration.22 The beneficiary is protected by a right of …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 72 CISG S. 327-331

„… 27 28 (3) The requirements of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the other party has declared …” „… )). Certainty is not required. Yet, the degree of probability necessary under Article 72(1) is above the degree …” „… given ‘if time allows’. This must be read in conjunction with the reasonability requirement of Article …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 29 CISG S. 153-155

„… , additional requirements like the common law doctrine of consideration1 establishes do not need to be met.2 …” „… a transfer of contract.13 Agreement Art. 29(1) CISG bases on the key requirement of an agreement …” „… ) CISG is the exclusion of the consideration doctrine. Form requirements set up by domestic law must not …”

Article 25 CISG S. 130-142

„… Lacking Certainty?’, 11 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law & Arbitration 219 (2007). I …” „… ) and by → Art. 73(1-2) CISG (instalment contracts) as a vital requirement for the remedy of avoidance …” „… requirement, Art. 25 CISG lists a breach of contract. It is irrelevant whether this breach was culpable or not …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… latter a mere assignment of proceeds does not required that the credit is transferable. The requirements …” „… there are no additional requirements imposed by Article 39. As long as the ordinary requirements of the …” „… 4 – requirement of consent of the other party UNIDROIT 9.3.3 – rights transferred with the contract …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 27 CISG S. 146-149

„… invoking the avoidance of the contract has to prove all requirements established by Art. 25 CISG,35 …” „… from the general application of the dispatch principle must meet high requirements.10 In case of → Art …” „… the risk of transmission is allocated to the addressee is, in essence, determined by the requirement …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.1 (Conditions of set-off) S. 698-705

„… . 11.1.4-11.1.5 and 11.2.3 in case of set-off in case of plurality of obligors or obligees. D. Requirements 1 …” „… requirement of ascertaining the obligation of the other party when both obligations ‘arise from the same …” „… . 2.1.20(1) last limb). Other Restrictions In addition to the requirements of Arts. 8.1 et seq. and any …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 43 CISG S. 226-228

„… appropriately to the encumbrance and have certainty regarding the existence of encumbrances. It largely mirrors …” „… advantage from such a cure.48 In the present authors’ view, an application of the restriction of …” „… breach of contract by the seller before being allowed to ask for substitute goods to be delivered. Where …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 17 Death and Injury of Passengers – Damage to Baggage S. 1198-1205

„… ” requirement of Article 17.5 The Court found not only that affirmative acts could be “events” or “happenings …” „… that the requirement of a relation of the accident to the operation of the aircraft would burden courts …” „… apportionment of risk to the party best able to control it, thereby creating some degree of certainty and …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 18 Right to dispose of the goods S. 1150-1151

„… UR, even with the consent of the rail carrier, since the requirement of Article 19 § 4 of the CIM UR …” „… the rail carrier are furthermore corroborated by the principle of legal certainty, but also protected …” „… other words, the consignee becomes a party to the contract of carriage instead of the consignor by …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.9 (Interest for failure to pay money) S. 689-692

„… Requirements and One Clarification Para. 1 sets two requirements: (i) non-payment of a sum of money (with …” „… Arts. 7.4.1 et seq. and in particular the tests of ‘certainty’ (Art. 7.4.3) and ‘foreseeability’ (Art …” „… Whether there is a lack of reasonable steps by the aggrieved party is a matter of fact10 to be …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 3 Transactions between undertakings S. 1321-1333

„… certainty regarding the exact date of receipt of the invoice. This should primarily be accomplished with the …” „… requirements and the integral criteria for an invoice to evoke legal effects. VI. Timely receipt of the amount …” „… Council of 14 March 2012 establishing technical and business requirements for credit transfers and direct …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 7.4.2 676 Certainty of harm …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 9.2.2 743 Requirement of obligee’s consent to transfer …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 9.3.2 753 Requirement of consent of the other party …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.10 (Notice to the obligor) S. 729-730

„… ), it provides in the interest of increased legal certainty2 that the clear cut-off point of the obligor …” „… sum. As para. 2 protects the obligor, the assignor and the assignee cannot opt out of this rule …” „… obligor receives a notice of the assignment from either the assignor or the assignee, it is discharged by …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 78 CISG S. 360-366

„… is that such claims are usually not established with certainty until the end of a dispute (see para …” „… postponement of the due date.17 No further requirements Apart from the failure to pay, the Convention does not …” „… establish further requirements for a claim of interest.18 The creditor need not have suffered an actual loss …”

Raimond Emde Article 18 S. 1296-1298

„… explained. For the sake of legal certainty, however, there are significant indications in favor of the …” „… requirements on such assertion. The limitation of termination claims is not addressed separately. Nevertheless …” „… By judicial custom the level of compensation is fixed as the global sum of the last two years …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.4 (Content of notice) S. 710-712

„… first party.6 The notice must be given when all the other requirements are fulfilled (no ‘anticipatory …” „… notice’7 while a concrete, certain notice with effect on a specific date may be sufficient, ‘certainty …” „… ’ being a guiding factor for the interpretation of Art. 8.3).8 C. Limits (i) Procedural Rules. In order …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 35 CISG S. 190-196

„… non-conformity under Art. 35 (and not non-delivery under → Art. 30). For reasons of legal certainty, delivery of …” „… requirements of Art. 35(2)(b) are met. Under Art. 35(2)(a) (“ordinary use”), the goods must be fit for …” „… must only be of merchantable quality – a concept common in English law – to satisfy the requirement of …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 15 CISG S. 70-73

„… addressee learns of them. Due to the timing requirement, it is doubtful whether an oral offer can be …” „… Capacity, and the effect of death or insolvency after an offer is made are questions not governed by the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 IV. Overview of termination of offers generally …”

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… body at the time of adopting.32 However, general legal principles, models, requirements for the …” „… transactions and therefore the legal certainty in the field of commercial agency is to be promoted by …” „… legal requirements may directly or indirectly lead to distortions of competition within the Common …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Introduction S. 1076-1083

„… consignment note to simplify legal requirements applicable to Eurasian rail transport of fright and passengers …” „… VII. COTIF UNIFORM RULES CONCERNING THE CONTRACT OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS (CIV UR …” „… Transport Law, Reader Autumn Semester 2017, University of Berne, Berne 2017; Erik Evtimov, ‘Entwicklung des …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch - CETA Investment Law

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Marc Bungenberg (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.)

CETA Investment Law

2022

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Christina Binder Article 8.5 Performance requirements S. 175-193

„… ofthe following requirements:(a) to achieve a given level or percentage of domestic content;(b) to …” „… Requirements in Investment Treaties (University of Singapore 2018); Howard Mann, ‘Invest-ment Liberalization …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83. List of prohibited performance requirements in lit. a-g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11a …”

Armand de Mestral, Lukas Vanhonnaeker Article 8.4 Market access S. 159-174

„… whether in the form of numerical quotas, monopolies, exclusivesuppliers or the requirement of an economic …” „… requirement of an economic needs test;(iii) the total number of operations or the total quantity of output …” „… ex-pressed in terms of designated numerical units in the form of quotasor the requirement of an economic …”

Ursula Kriebaum Article 8.12 Expropriation S. 297-336

„… non-discriminatory manner; andd. on payment of prompt, adequate and effective compensation.For greater certainty …” „… Agreement.6. For greater certainty, the revocation, limitation or creation of intellectual prop-erty rights …” „… tribunals should decide disputes regarding the requirement and amount ofcompensation in case of an …”

Marc Bungenberg, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.18 CETA (Scope) S. 434-484

„… encapsulates the scope of such Tribunal’sjurisdiction and the requirements that must be satisfied before …” „… jurisdiction can besuccessfully invoked.Just as Article 25 of the ICSID Convention contains requirements …” „… , both the States and Investors have a higher degree of certainty asto the judicial protection afforded …”

Lori Di Pierdomenico Article 8.15 Reservations and exceptions S. 374-394

„… ac-cepted by the EU. Subparagraph 1(f) of the performance requirements article18 re-mained a Canadian …” „… , procedure,decision, administrative action, requirement, practice or any other form of measure by a …” „… exceptions384 Lori Di Pierdomenico3031323334matter of domestic law, it meets the first requirement of …”

Erman Özgür Article 8.3 Relation to other chapters S. 147-158

„… byChapter Thirteen (Financial Services).2. A requirement by a Party that a service supplier of the other …” „… shallprevail to the extent of the inconsistency.2. A requirement by a Party that a service provider of another …” „… to the extent that theyare covered by Chapter 17 (Financial Services).3. A requirement of a Party …”

Markus Burgstaller Article 8.22 Procedural and other requirements for the submission of a claim to the Tribunal S. 534-542

„… Article 8.22Procedural and other requirements for the submission of a claim tothe Tribunal1. An …” „… submissionof the notice requesting a determination of the respondent;(c) has fulfilled the requirements of the …” „… locally establishedenterprise.3. The requirements of subparagraphs 1(f) and (g) and paragraph 2 do not …”

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch An Overview of the CETA – Investment Chapter (Chapter 8) S. 1-42

„… domesticlegal system of a host state conforms to rule of law requirements and offers adequaterule of law …” „… fairness,predictability, certainty and stability of the legal system in which businesses operate.121In the WJP rule of law …” „… An Overview of the CETA – Investment Chapter (Chapter 8)Bibliography: Aurélia Antonietti, ‘The 2006 …”

Katia Fach Gómez Article 8.30 Ethics S. 654-703

„… DER2017-85585-P and of the Aragonese researchgroup LegMIBIO.1) For greater certainty, the fact that a …” „… agreement on the importance of codes of conduct andother ethical requirements for arbitrators’.7 Let us …” „… require-ments set out in paragraph 6, the disputing party may request the Secretary General of ICSID toissue a …”

August Reinisch Article 8.7 Most-favoured-nation treatment S. 216-230

„… , conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investmentsin its territory.3. For greater certainty …” „… practice, though, many tribunals regard the requirement of ascer-taining whether the allegedly …” „… sentence stands in the tradition of such clarifying language. Itemphasizes ‘[f]or greater certainty’, that …”

Stefanie Schacherer Article 8.9 Investment and regulatory measures S. 236-255

„… or the promotion and protection of cultural diversity.2. For greater certainty, the mere fact that a …” „… amount to a breach of an obligation under this Section.3. For greater certainty, a Party's decision not …” „… theprovisions of this Section.4. For greater certainty, nothing in this Section shall be construed as preventing …”

DECISION No 1/2021 OF THE COMMITTEE ON SERVICES AND INVESTMENT S. 965-969

„… Sanctions1. For greater certainty, the provisions of this code of conduct shall be appliedtogether with the …” „… DECISION No 1/2021 OF THE COMMITTEE ON SERVICESAND INVESTMENTof 29 January 2021adopting a code of …” „… conduct for Members of the Tribunal, Members ofthe Appellate Tribunal and mediators [2021/263]THE …”

Lori Di Pierdomenico Article 8.43 Consolidation S. 923-944

„… the requirements of Article 8.27.7 constitute a new division(‘consolidating division’) of the Tribunal …” „… , sub-paragraphs (f)and (g) CETA (Procedural and other requirements for the submission of a claim to the Tribunal …” „… administrativeauthority with the President of the CETA Investment Tribunal.)The requirement that a request for …”

Marc Bungenberg, Angshuman Hazarika Article 8.1 Definitions S. 43-113

„… certainty, airport operation services do not in-clude the ownership of, or investment in, airports or …” „… Section B– Establishment of investments (market access and performance requirements) andSection C …” „… provisions of the Chapter, inter alia, Formal requirements(Article 8.17), Transparency of proceedings …”

Patrick Dumberry Article 8.10 Treatment of investors and of covered investments S. 256-276

„… investments.6. For greater certainty, a breach of another provision of this Agreement, or of aseparate …” „… international agreement does not establish a breach of this Article.7. For greater certainty, the fact that a …” „… non-NAFTA tribunals which have been increasinglywilling to recognize new requirements as components of the …”

Markus Burgstaller Article 8.23 Submission of a claim to the Tribunal S. 543-552

„… investor submitsa claim on behalf of a locally incorporated company, ʿthe requirements of Article25(1 …” „… the settlement of the dispute by the Tribunal.15 Thesecond requirement calls for the Tribunal to carry …” „… RequirementsPursuant to Article 8.23(8) CETA, each Contracting Party shall notify the otherParty of the place of …”

Julian Scheu Article 8.31 Applicable law and interpretation S. 704-737

„… constitute a breach of this Agreement, under the domestic law of aParty. For greater certainty, in …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683. No Practical Implications from the ‘serious concerns’-Requirement . . 694. Rule of law and …” „… very limited, given that the politically relevant requirements such asthe consent of the Contracting …”

DECISION No 1/2021 OF THE CETA JOINT COMMITTEE S. 961-964

„… certainty, the notice of appeal, the notice of intent to challenge a Member and thedecision on challenge to …” „… DECISION No 1/2021 OF THE CETA JOINT COMMITTEEof 29 January 2021setting out the administrative and …” „… organisational matters regardingthe functioning of the Appellate Tribunal [2021/264]THE CETA JOINT …”

DECISION No 2/2021 OF THE COMMITTEE ON SERVICES AND INVESTMENT S. 970-974

„… DECISION No 2/2021 OF THE COMMITTEE ON SERVICESAND INVESTMENTof 29 January 2021adopting rules for …” „… INVESTMENT,Having regard to Article 26.2.1(b) of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agree-ment (CETA) between …” „… Canada, of the one part, and the European Union and itsMember States, of the other part (the …”

Jens Benninghofen Article 8.21 Determination of the respondent for disputes with the European Union or its Member States S. 520-533

„… , requirement,practice or any other form of measure by a Party’ without actually defining thelimits of the term or …” „… needs to be sent to the EU complying withthe requirements of Article 8.21 paras. 1 and 2. Any such new …” „… requirements of para. 2 and (iv) a written assurance thatthe EU did not determine the respondent within 50 days …”

Céline Lévesque Article 8.16 Denial of benefits S. 395-416

„… Netherlands, 2015) 463;Lindsay Gastrell and Paul-Jean Le Cannu, ‘Procedural Requirements of …” „… cumulative requirements related to the purposes of maintenance of internationalpeace and security as well as …” „… Encyclopedias of InternationalLaw (2019), 1 (para. 11); Gastrell and Le Cannu, ‘Procedural Requirements of …”

Marc Bungenberg, Angshuman Hazarika, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.2 Scope S. 114-146

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99b) Interpretation of the Cultural Exclusion Clause Based on LocalRequirements …” „… toregulate.Ultimately, Article 8.2 offers investors and Parties that reasonable degree of certain-ty and predictability …” „… , administrative action, requirement, practice orany other form of measure by a Party’.22This provision suggests an …”

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch Article 8.29 Establishment of a multilateral investment tribunal and appellate mechanism S. 633-653

„… requirements of the rule of law in courtsystems.In this context, the EU follows a twofold approach: the first …” „… , requiring security for cost to be paid.76Procedural AspectsThere should be the requirement of an application …” „… admissibility requirements could be provided, such as thefact that in case of dual nationality, the effective …”

Marc Bungenberg, Anna Holzer Article 8.41 Enforcement of awards S. 876-916

„… of Article I of the New York Convention.6. For greater certainty, if a claim has been submitted …” „… is not based onan exclusive choice of court agreement. However, it remains a requirement here too …” „… a legal order is no rationemateriae requirement for the applicability of the NYC; he disagrees …”

Gabriel Bottini Article 8.45 Exclusion S. 955-960

„… ). For greater certainty, this exclusion is without prejudice to the right of a Party tohave recourse to …” „… Article 8.45ExclusionThe dispute settlement provisions of this Section and of Chapter Twenty-Nine …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12A. Introduction and OverviewArticle 8.45 gives the Parties the possibility of excluding certain …”

Arnaud de Nanteuil Article 8.14 Subrogation S. 360-373

„… State agency rather than the form orformal name of the contract between them. The main requirement in …” „… (most-favoured nation treatment) and Article8.8 (prohibition of nationality requirement in nominations of …” „… Article 8.14SubrogationIf a Party, or an agency of a Party, makes a payment under an indemnity …”

Herman Verbist Article 8.20 Mediation S. 485-519

„… Parties,and after completion of their respective internal requirements and procedures) adoptrules for …” „… (c).3. The mediator is appointed by agreement of the disputing parties. The disputingparties may also …” „… request that the Secretary General of ICSID appoint the media-tor.4. The disputing parties shall endeavour …”

Frank Hoffmeister, Mattijs Kempynck Article 8.28 Appellate Tribunal S. 610-632

„… Tribunal shall meet the requirements of Article8.27.4 and comply with Article 8.30.5. The division of the …” „… instance and thus to contributeto legal certainty. This presupposes in particular: The composition of the …” „… in investment disputes.33As Decision No. 1/2021 of the Joint Committee fulfils the requirements of …”

Christoph Schreuer Article 8.11 Compensation for losses S. 277-296

„… the Parties’ territoriesas follows: ‘For greater certainty, the obligations of this Chapter apply to …” „… investors of the otherParty, whose covered investments suffer losses owing to armed conflict, civil strife,a …” „… state of emergency or natural disaster in its territory, treatment no less favourablethan that it …”

Crina Baltag Article 8.26 Third party funding S. 584-599

„… , Turkmenistan faces not a riskbut, on the basis of the factual record before it, a certainty that it could not …” „… third party funder.2. The disclosure shall be made at the time of the submission of a claim, or, if …” „… thefinancing agreement is concluded or the donation or grant is made after thesubmission of a claim, without …”

Irmgard Marboe Article 8.39 Final award S. 826-855

„… ) restitution of property, in which case the award shall provide that the re-spondent may pay monetary damages …” „… impend-ing expropriation became known, whichever is earlier, and any applicableinterest in lieu of …” „… is made under Article 8.23.1(b):(a) an award of monetary damages and any applicable interest shall …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902133

Herwig C.H. Hofmann, Julia Iliopoulos-Strangas, Ewald Wiederin - Rechtsstaatlichkeit in Europa: Unabhängigkeit der Justiz und wirksame Rechtsmittel | Rule of Law in Europe: Judicial independence and effective remedies | État de droit en Europe: indépendance de la justice et recours effectif

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Herwig C.H. Hofmann (ed.), Julia Iliopoulos-Strangas (ed.), Ewald Wiederin (ed.)

Rechtsstaatlichkeit in Europa: Unabhängigkeit der Justiz und wirksame Rechtsmittel | Rule of Law in Europe: Judicial independence and effective remedies | État de droit en Europe: indépendance de la justice et recours effectif

2023

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Eleftheria Neframi The rule of law in Europe – challenges in a multi-level and multi-systemic environment. Conclusions S. 101-104

„… , judicial protection may need to be adapted to the requirement of legal certainty stemming from the …” „… excellence in the right of access to an independent court, legal certainty and lack of arbitrariness are also …” „… , accountable, democratic and pluralistic law-making process; legal certainty; prohibition of arbitrariness of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748942122

Hilke Thiedemann - Judicial Independence

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Hilke Thiedemann

Judicial Independence

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 22 2007

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Summary S. 435-442

„… certainty on the other hand is identified.436Embedded in this structure, a comprehensive analysis of the …” „… the requirements of the rule of law. By borrowing constitutional ideas from other countries South …” „… phase ofconcretising the new constitutional requirements. A major task of the court is to giveeffect to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204048

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