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Christophe Wampach - Armed Reprisals from Medieval Times to 1945

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Christophe Wampach

Armed Reprisals from Medieval Times to 1945

Series: Studien zur Geschichte des Völkerrechts

Volume 40 2020

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Chapter Four. Culmination of Antagonism: Peace-Building and Armed Reprisals in the Interwar Period S. 227-288

„… Culmination of Antagonism: Peace-Building and Armed Reprisals in the Interwar Period Introduction …” „… international community was caught unprepared and unable to handle the case of military acts of reprisals …” „… adequately. In fact, by exploiting the loopholes of treaties and conventions, the reprisal-taking Powers …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… Reprisals(a) 59 Justification of Reprisals(b) 63 Conditions(c) 65 Superior’s Consenti) 65 Just Causeii) 66 …” „… Medieval Law of ReprisalsII. 49 Emergence and Development of Reprisals in the Early and High Middle Ages 1 …” „… ReprisalsIII. 119 A Question of Political Opportunism: Palmerston’s Policy, 1847 1. 119 Eluding Legal …”

Introduction S. 19-48

„… Belgian jurist Ernest Mahaim. The topic of reprisals was not unknown to the latter. The previous year …” „… regulation governing reprisals in peacetime. In this article, Strupp stressed that the question of reprisals …” „… , and more precisely of ‘armed’ reprisals, had been an acute problem since the creation of the League of …”

Chapter One. From Regulation to Deregulation up to the End of the Eighteenth Century S. 49-98

„… From Regulation to Deregulation up to the End of the Eighteenth Century Introduction Reprisals are …” „… an ancient measure that had evolved in time. This chapter focuses on the development of reprisals up …” „… century, reprisals were barely regulated as a consequence of uncontrolled State practice and the lack of …”

Conclusion S. 289-292

„… Conclusion The present study seeks to shed light on the history of reprisals in international law …” „… by addressing the question of why the law of armed reprisals remained in a legal limbo of …” „… international law from the outset of the nineteenth century up to 1945. The institution of reprisals arose in …”

Chapter Two. Shaping of a Prerogative, 1831–1863 S. 99-152

„… Shaping of a Prerogative, 1831–1863 Introduction The State practice of reprisals prior to the …” „… nineteenth century had mainly led to the obliteration of the significance of the ancient law of reprisals …” „… . The weight of national policy in the decision to resort to reprisals gained ascendency over the strict …”

Chapter Three. Legal Doctrine confronting State Practice, 1848–1912 S. 153-226

„… century provided a large number of cases of armed reprisals. However, it was not before the mid-nineteenth …” „… international law regarding armed reprisals. The time period under scrutiny stretches between 1848 (the year …” „… when the first thorough studies about the contemporary State practice of armed reprisals, more …”

Bibliography S. 293-336

„… Reprisals, The President Secretary General of the International Federation of the League of Nations …” „… ). Secondary Sources [Anonymous], ‘The law relating to letters of marque and reprisals.’, The Legal Observer …” „… . Renouard, 1805). B. F., ‘The International Law of Embargo and Reprisal’, The Law Magazine; Or Quarterly …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748921110

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Michael Jabara Carley

Silent Conflict

2014

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CHAPTER SEVEN. Principles and Reprisals: Hostile Coexistence in London and Washington, 1925–1926 S. 205-238

„… 205C H A P T E R S E V E NPrinciples and ReprisalsHostile Coexistence in London and Washington …” „… -Carley.indb 206 12/19/13 11:45 AMPrinciples and Reprisals • 207favourable arrangement now than at any …” „… . Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-04312.13_452-Carley.indb 208 12/19/13 11:45 AMPrinciples and Reprisals • 209them …”

Preface

„… , 1924–1925 18113_452-Carley.indb v 12/20/13 12:23 PMvi • ContentsChapter 7 Principles and Reprisals …”

CHAPTER TWELVE. “Always a Trump in Our Game”: Rapallo Sustained, 1927–1930 S. 387-408

„… something going wrong. In June 1927 it was a spate of executions of “White Guards” in reprisal for the …”

CHAPTER THREE. Which Way Soviet Policy? Confusion and Incoherence, 1922–1923 S. 71-102

„… results.Litvinov was riled and wanted reprisals against the French because of trade difficulties. “There is not a …”

CHAPTER TWO. “We Must Trade and They Must Trade”: First Attempts at Peaceful Coexistence, 1921–1922 S. 29-70

„… Chicherin’s release along with other émigrés, threatening as a reprisal to deny exit visas to British …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442225862

Katharina Ziolkowski - Gerechtigkeitspostulate als Rechtfertigung von Kriegen

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Katharina Ziolkowski

Gerechtigkeitspostulate als Rechtfertigung von Kriegen

Series: Völkerrecht und Außenpolitik

Volume 79 2008

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Gegenmaßnahme S. 280-285

„… Republik Jemen): „The Security Council, [...] [c]ondemns reprisals“; SC Res. 228 (1966) vom 25. November …” „… of reprisal“, „actions of military reprisals cannot be tolerated“; SC Res. 270 (1969) vom 26. August …” „… 1969, operativer Teil, § 4 (Israel gegen Libanon): „actions of military reprisal […] cannot be …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 339-365

„… ), S. 125-134. Bowett, D., „Reprisals Involving Recourse to Armed Force”, in: Falk / Kratochwil …”

Notstand S. 285-332

„… Hinweis, dass es sich hierbei um den traditionellen Begriff der Repressalie (reprisal) handele, vgl …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207483

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Michael Trésoret

Seepiraterie

Series: Saarbrücker Studien zum Internationalen Recht

Volume 50 2011

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Eingriff als Repressalie S. 343-346

„… , 23; Partsch, Reprisals, in: Bernardt (ed.), EPIL IV, 200, 201; Kempen/Hillgruber, Völkerrecht, Kap. 6 …” „… ; Doehring, Völkerrecht, Rn. 1036 1489 Partsch, Reprisals, in: Bernardt (ed.), EPIL IV, 200, 201 f …” „… Herausforderungen, 5, 25 f. 1492 Herdegen, Völkerrecht, § 59, Rn. 6; Partsch, Reprisals, in: Bernardt (ed.), EPIL …”

Eingriffsrechte aufgrund von Notstand (necessity) S. 342-343

„… , 23; Partsch, Reprisals, in: Bernardt (ed.), EPIL IV, 200, 201; Kempen/Hillgruber, Völkerrecht, Kap. 6 …”

Eingriffsrechte auf Basis der völkerrechtlichen Praxis der Jahre 2008 bis 2011 S. 346-351

„… for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Article 54; differenzierend: Partsch, Reprisals, in: Bernardt (ed …”

Der Code of Practice der International Maritime Organization (IMO) S. 53-61

„… Kaperbriefes (letter of marque) oder Prisenbriefes (letter of reprisal) ausgestattet. Der Kaperbrief erlaubte …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 631-677

„… ) Partsch, Karl Josef, Reprisals, in: Bernhardt, Rudolf (ed.), Encyclopedia of Public International Law …” „… , Volume IV, Amsterdam 2000, pp. 200 ff., (zitiert als: Partsch, Reprisals, in: Bernhardt (ed.), EPIL IV …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233789

Hinrich Schröder - Die völkerrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit im Zusammenhang mit failed und failing States

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Hinrich Schröder

Die völkerrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit im Zusammenhang mit failed und failing States

Series: Völkerrecht und Außenpolitik

Volume 77 2007

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Durchsetzung der Verantwortlichkeit S. 141-143

„… andto protect them from all acts of reprisal“651. Ähnlich verhielt sich die Interamerikanische …” „… werden könne, „even in reprisal to violations of any kind committed by the other side ina conflict.“652 …” „… threrof, should not be the objectof reprisals, forcible transfers or other assaults on their integrity …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 261-274

„… Kosovo-Konflikt und das Völkerrecht, in: SZIER 2000, S. 177 ff.Bowett, Derek: Reprisals Involving Recourse to …” „… : Self-Defense and Reprisal underModern International Law, in: CJTL 21 (1982), S. 1 ff.Lewis, Ioan /Mayall, James …”

Rechtfertigungsgründe S. 189-224

„… , The Beirut Raid and theInternational Law of Retaliation, S. 430; Bowett, Reprisals Involving Recourse …” „… ;Levenfeld, Israeli Counter-Fedayeen Tactics in Lebanon: Self-Defense and Reprisal underModern International …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845201245

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