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Carl Niekerk, Gabriela Stoicea - Lessing Yearbook/Jahrbuch L, 2023

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Carl Niekerk (ed.), Gabriela Stoicea (ed.)

Lessing Yearbook/Jahrbuch L, 2023

Series: Lessing Yearbook

Volume 2024

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Jonathan Blake Fine Reason’s True Home: Andreas Riem and German Climes S. 115-134

„… address Riem’s assertion that a temperate climate fosters the development of the human faculty of reason …” „… connecting his analysis of the relationship of 117Reason’s True Home: Andreas Riem and German Climesthe …” „… »painfully abstract discussion.« Sauter writes, 119Reason’s True Home: Andreas Riem and German ClimesReading …”

Jeffrey S. Librett Minding Nature: Life and Human Culture in Kant’s Reflexive Teleology S. 176-198

„… Spinoza’s reasons for denying the existence of a divine plan for humanity, Herder places in the ancient …” „… consider here all appear after 1781, the publica-tion-year of the Critique of Pure Reason; they belong to …” „… which he himself, independently of instinct, has created by his reason. (XI 36/13)By a strange paradox …”

Mary Bricker Christlob Mylius on Nature: The Role of the Senses, the Press, and Technological Innovation S. 77-92

„… appears even more puzzling. Scholars propose various reasons for Lessing’s cynicism. Fick explains that …” „… reason, to study nature for the purpose of advancing the role of the mind as well as research instead.17 …” „… reason, possibly with the help of mathematical insights. But imagination and speculation could also prove …”

Renata Schellenberg Goethe’s Scientific Approach to Nature: Innovation and Imagination S. 157-175

„… distinction Kantian philosophy espoused and reflected on the premise of a necessary division between reason …” „… believed human reason could be enhanced when it dared to draw on its full potential and he praised reason …” „… Goethean science, for the simple reason that it did not have the scope, nor the proper perspective to do so …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Jnhn Bke FneReason’s True Home: Andreas Riem and German Climes . . . . . 115Sefne …”

Pascale LaFountain Plants, Community, and Emotion Networks in Linnaeus, Buffon, and Humboldt: »Die Pflege des vegetabilischen Körpers« S. 17-36

„… clear species because there is no more reason to relate this species to one rather than to another of …” „… reasoning and analogy.25 This »infinité de petits êtres organisés« [infinity of small organized be-ings] not …”

Reviews / Rezensionen, edited by / herausgegeben von Thomas Martinec S. 199-262

„… lifelong effort to expand knowledge and dispel prejudice even as he ponders the limits of reason and the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783835385634

Christopher A. Colmo - Reason's Inquisition

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Christopher A. Colmo

Reason's Inquisition

2023

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Reason and Revelation S. 99-170

doi.org/10.5771/9781666921960

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Gunnar Hindrichs (ed.)

Konzepte 1

Series: Konzepte

Volume 1 2015

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S. Lovibond Practical Reason and Character-Formation S. 7-22

„… Sabina Lovibond, Oxford PRACTICAL REASON AND CHARACTER-FORMATION Moral philosophy in the …” „… want our philosophical understanding of practical reason to do justice to the untidiness of lived …” „… practical reason, once we have taken account of the sceptical or anti-humanist considerations I have just …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-4

„… Hindrichs (Basel) Charles Larmore (Providence) Practical Reason and Character Formation Derselbe im Hier …” „… ) Vorwort des Herausgebers Practical Reason and Character Formation Derselbe im Hier. Phänomenologische …”

Ch. Larmore Die Bedingungen menschlicher Freiheit S. 109-148

„… about Reasons, Oxford 2014. Diese Halbwegposition scheint mir instabil und nicht zuletzt deshalb …” „… anerkennen. S. oben Anm. 5. 27 Donald Davidson, Actions, Reasons, and Causes, in: The Journal of Philosophy …”

G. Hindrichs Gewissen und Selbstkonstitution S. 77-108

„… , bedarf es freilich einer Gleichförmigkeit von Fällen, auf die 25 Joseph Raz, Practical Reason and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783465139218

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Enrico Zoffoli

Beyond Consensus

Series: Studies in Political Theory

Volume 4 2013

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Public reasons as objective reasons S. 100-103

„… second premise is that subjective reasons are defeated (II). The basic line of reasoning behind a …” „… 100 2.2. Four conceptions of objectivity 2.2.1 Public reasons as objective reasons In the …” „… or moderate. They are radical if they seek to show that private reasons are defeated by the very fact …”

Against public reason’s Shareability Requirement S. 225-226

„… of Reasons396 (or a reason that all reasonable citizens could regard as justificatory in the sense …” „… reasons must be openly justified to all reasonable citizens in the sense indicated in chapter 2 (§2.7.2 …” „… makes it explicit that private reasons cannot be used to impose coercive counter-proposal upon others …”

Private and public reasons S. 53-54

„… reasons is easy to grasp: while the latter can be shared by all reasonable citizens, the latter are …” „… reasonably rejected by others. More formally: Justificatory View of Shareability: If R is a reason for law …” „… L, R is a public/shareable reasons if, and only if, every reasonable citizen would be justified in …”

The role of religious reasons S. 56-61

„… political reasoning that reasonable citizens of faith must regard as unacceptable, public reason fails to …” „… account of the full range of citizens’ reasons, while consensus expunges from public reasoning a number of …” „… of permissible reasons, consensus conceptions inevitably discriminate against some reasonable …”

Are private reasons necessarily defeated? S. 133-134

„… serve as proper justificatory reasons. In the end, the “outputs” of restricted ethical discourses are …” „… Rbarb2right? is a necessary and sufficient condition for R to be a reason of Andy’s, R would be devoid …” „… of any significant justificatory strength if it remained an essentially private or ethical reason …”

The site of public reason S. 42-44

„… calls for justification but allows that Andy may have to justify his liberty to ? for the reason stated …” „… of public reason. The first phrase is necessary because it reminds us that liberty is the status quo …” „… who wish to remain free. 1.2.3 The site of public reason The Principle of Political Liberty has …”

Rebutted freestanding reasons are not shareable S. 81-84

„… 81 previous reason to walk is no longer a reason at all in my view. Importantly, undermined …” „… reasons are not merely “bad reasons”. Rather, they are not reasons at all because the conclusions they …” „… freestanding reasons that are subject to private undermining defeaters. In cases A) and B), R is not shareable …”

Suspended freestanding reasons are not shareable S. 84-85

„… * in Andy’s belief system, Andy will reasonably claim that R is not a (justificatory) reason of his. It …” „… 84 justifying belief. It follows that unless Andy thinks R is a reason justifying L, he does not …” „… share it as a reason in the sense indicated by the Justificatory View of Shareability. But of course, in …”

Undermined freestanding reasons are not shareable S. 79-81

„… arguing for a consensus view) would instead claim that moral reasons need to be backed by, and embedded …” „… should count as a freestanding reason), they agree that freestanding reasons are shareable, as FT states …” „… . 1.5.3 Undermined freestanding reasons are not shareable To see where the problem with FT lies, let us …”

The (alleged) priority of freestanding reasons S. 149-151

„… 149 Therefore, (T2) Freestanding reasons are both shareable and conclusive. Both the …” „… freestanding reasons So far I have assumed that the discourse-theoretical argument for consensus is a radical …” „… strength-based argument: unless R is a freestanding reason, it is by definition defeated. But while this …”

The Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason S. 223-225

„… , and only if, every reasonable citizen, taking all good reasons into account, would endorse L. (C) Both …” „… sufficiently reasonable in the light of the circumstances, and sufficiently legitimate for that reason. To be …” „… liberty, the more we undermine the ideal of public reason. Still, in a reasonably limited amount of cases …”

The argument from reasonable compliance S. 198-202

„… constituency of public reason, it seems plausible to assume that all reasonable “comprehensive doctrines” would …” „… justified if and only if all reasonable citizens (taking all good reasons into account) could endorse it …” „… means reasoning in freestanding terms, so the link between the Consensus View of Public Reason and …”

Strong and weak consensus S. 49-53

„… result, only public/shareable reasons can be drawn upon in public reasoning. Convergence, by contrast …” „… what Bohman dubs “plural public reason”, where “a single norm of reasonableness is not presupposed in …” „… publicly justified if, and only if, every reasonable citizen, taking all good reasons into account, would …”

A twofold presumption in favor of convergence S. 88-90

„… could reasonably claim that private reasons are bad reasons precisely because they cannot defeat …” „… expresses an important value, and that this value constitutes a things-being-equal reason for L. At first …” „… discovers another reason R** that rebuts R*; this reason is that although L falls short of his ideal of …”

b Overview of the argument S. 24-28

„… fundamental commitment to reason publicly, we thereby commit ourselves to reasoning in shareable or public …” „… , that all reasonable citizens reason in the same way; in order to achieve public justification, on a …” „… assumption the Freestandingness Thesis: R is a public or shareable reason if, and only if, every reasonable …”

Weak Shareability Requirement? S. 85-88

„… belief system, Andy will reasonably claim that R is not a (justificatory) reason of his. It seems, then …” „… Reasons (or a reason that all reasonable citizens could regard as justificatory in the sense indicated by …” „… expectation. Andy has therefore a private reason R* to suspend judgment on the legitimacy of L.164 Our …”

Conclusion S. 233-240

„… and only if all reasonable citizens, taking all good reasons into account, would endorse it (§1.2.5 …” „… reasons with sheer instrumental rationality (§3.5.2). The argument from reasonable compliance attacks some …” „… committed to the ideal of public reason should advocate only public or shareable reasons. Rainer Forst …”

The basic argument S. 106-110

„… said, people naturally aim at “right reason” – they insist that their reasoning reveals the truth, thus …” „… they are in principle neutral on whether or not R is a reason that actual agents can be reasonably said …” „… rational agents does not mean that any such agent can be reasonably said to have those reasons. It simply …”

Two kinds of defeaters S. 66-69

„… 66 [J]ustifying reasons must be conclusive: they must defeat other considerations one might have …” „… members of P, and Alf proposes law LA. Suppose that Alf advances reason R1 for Betty to endorse LA …” „… ; although Betty’s system of beliefs and values commits her to acknowledging that R1 is a reason for …”

a Consensus and convergence S. 20-24

„… principle eschew any appeal to private reasons, which, albeit reasonable in the eyes of those who reasonably …” „… reasonable citizens as good reasons for accepting or rejecting the law. As Gerald J. Postema points out, a …” „… way come down to reasoning on the basis of public viz. shareable reasons is even more dominant among …”

Three levels of publicness S. 54-56

„… This seems the line of reasoning behind Samuel Freeman’s claim that public reason “implies” shared …” „… reasoning: “A narrow way to construe this phrase –“justifiable to all for reasons they can accept” – is that …” „… property of reason(s) and reasoning, the latter is a property of laws that are object of common knowledge …”

Four strength-based arguments for consensus S. 103-106

„… Wall suggest this line of reasoning. In their view, for instance, to say that one has a reason not to …” „… emphasis on the priority of “moral” over “ethical” reasons. 2.2.2 Four strength-based arguments for …” „… reasons. If a consideration is not comprised by U, on this view, it is not actually a reason, as it does …”

Strength-based arguments for consensus S. 91-93

„… 91 reason, which, as such, can be legitimately advocated as a defeater for R. Again, this claim …” „… would warrant the thesis that freestanding reasons are both conclusive and shareable, thereby rebutting …” „… shifts the justificatory burden onto consensus theorists. For this reason, this book is devoted to …”

A challenge for consensus S. 90-91

„… that even private reasons are good reasons. Now consensus theorists could reasonably claim that private …” „… 90 Finally, since freestanding reasons may be defeated, they may not be reasons at all. They are …” „… certainly not reasons if they are undermined. If we accept the Expanded View of Reason, we should say the …”

A more moderate defense of consensus? S. 146-149

„… is a reason for law L, R is a public/shareable reasons if, and only if, every reasonable citizen …” „… would be openly justified in believing that R is a reason justifying L (or in believing that R is a …” „… reason in the sense expressed by the Expanded View of Reasons). 272 The Weakly Externalist View of …”

A further problem S. 226-231

„… reason that all reasonable citizens could regard as justificatory in the sense indicated by the Weakly …” „… main reasons. First a), given reasonable pluralism we should expect the pool of freestanding reasons …” „… will often contain few if any “strength-affecting” or “reason-weighing” reasons.398 And in the absence …”

Internalism S. 114-117

„… must embrace an internalist conception of justification or “Reason Affirmation Thesis”,204 according to …” „… which Andy’s actually affirming R is a necessary and sufficient condition for R to be a reason of Andy’s …” „… . Unless Andy actually believes that he should assist people in pain, he has no reason to do so. Conversely …”

Strong externalism S. 110-112

„… the theorem, Andy has reason to accept it. Andy can be reasonably said to have a reason to accept the …” „… top-down argument for consensus must endorse a strongly externalist conception of reasons. As Gaus puts it …” „… there simply are good reasons for believing ?. And whether there simply are good reasons for believing …”

Overview of the argument S. 99-100

„… prima facie problematic because they may violate public reason’s conclusiveness requirement (§1.4) and …” „… because they overlook the fact that private reasons play a major role in determining which reasons are …” „… be defeated by private reasons. In the previous chapter (§1.6.1) I argued that to dodge this fatal …”

What defeats what? S. 151-154

„… theory holds that whenever L is backed by moral reasons, these can never be trumped by any pragmatic or …” „… ethical reasons that might speak against it. 2.8.2 What defeats what? To get clearer on Habermas’s and …” „… Forst’s critique, we need to distinguish two interrelated issues. The first is whether moral reasons are …”

The Freestandingness Thesis S. 74-76

„… if, and only if, every reasonable citizen would be justified in believing that R is a reason …” „… reasonable citizen has private defeaters for R, I shall argue, R is not a public reason, even if R is arrived …” „… 74 domain of public reason a number of reasons (especially religious reasons) to which some …”

A discourse-theoretical approach to universalization S. 140-143

„… . So the question now is: Given a prima facie asymmetry between public reason and theoretical reasoning …” „… the specific function of public reason and its limited scope. In a way, function and scope of public …” „… reason are two sides of the same coin. By conflating the function of public reason with that of …”

The argument from sincerity S. 162-166

„… freestanding reasons are epistemically indefeasible. Rather, it insists that reasonable citizens should eschew …” „… the reasons we would offer for our political actions are sufficient .... and we also reasonably think …” „… some reasons for endorsing it.”295 Rawls himself admits of this kind of reasoning, which he terms …”

The concept of public justification and its conceptions S. 48-49

„… Andy is reasonable and willing/able to take all good reasons into account, then L may be justified to …” „… reasonable citizen, taking all good reasons into account, would endorse L. (C) Only shareable/public reasons …” „… , it is shareable; as a result, only public/shareable reasons can be drawn upon in public reasoning …”

Summary S. 158-160

„… Public Reason (§2.1, see also §1.5.6). First, justificatory reasons must be conclusive: if they are to …” „… decisive reasons for (and especially against) coercion? Second, if private reasons may defeat freestanding …” „… reasons identified by the correct abstraction procedure ?, the latter may be not only non-conclusive, but …”

The value of full publicity S. 186-190

„… from advocating their private reasons. We have seen, however, that this line of reasoning is both …” „… , departs from public reason’s traditional ideal of a shared commitment to justice, whereas public reasoning …” „… prevents citizens from appealing to private reasons, then we ought to endorse consensus, as SPP implies …”

The scope of private defeaters S. 156-158

„… freestanding reasoning, whereby all single freestanding reasons are accounted for and factored in. If all …” „… discourse-theoretical argument for consensus fail for the same reason: they presuppose a truth-redeeming …” „… post-metaphysical conception of rationality which has proven inadequate for the doctrine of public reason. Carrying …”

Appropriateness-based arguments for consensus S. 93-95

„… consensus claim that while private reasons may well have undefeated epistemic weight, they are inappropriate …” „… Bea acquits Andy. Even in this case, Bea does the right thing, but for a peculiar reason. In the …” „… Andy, she has stronger reason to believe that Andy did not commit the crime he is accused of. In case 2 …”

Moderate externalism S. 112-114

„… has a reason to join the army. Similarly, it may well be true that people in pain should be assisted …” „… , and hence that there is a reason for Andy to assist Bea if she is in pain. But if none of Andy’s moral …” „… sense to say that he has a reason to comply with it.197 Scanlon objects that in cases of this kind an …”

The role of moral epistemology S. 176-179

„… Shareability: R is a public reason for L if and only if it is affirmed by all reasonable citizens (if properly …” „… certainly advocate reasons and values that are not actually shared as long as we reasonably believe that …” „… reasons. Another way of putting this point consists in making a distinction between personal and civic …”

Summary S. 96-98

„… 96 tain features to reasonable citizens, we assume that they will reason in a certain way and …” „… abide by certain rules of conduct. Thus being reasonable may well entail ignoring some relevant reasons …” „… if and only if all reasonable citizens, taking all good reasons into account, would endorse it …”

The principle of public justification S. 46-48

„… justified if, and only if, every reasonable citizen, taking all good reasons into account, would endorse L …” „… . First, they accept the fact of reasonable pluralism, thus acknowledging that the free use of reason …” „… L is publicly justified if, and only if, every reasonable citizen, taking all good reasons into …”

Rejecting some major arguments for consensus S. 144-146

„… a public/shareable reasons if, and only if, every reasonable citizen would be openly justified in …” „… reasons are necessarily defeated. Bear in mind that the discourse-theoretical argument for consensus I …” „… have been considering so far is radical. It purports to show that private reasons are as such (i.e …”

Back to post-metaphysical rationality S. 154-156

„… .284 2.8.3 Back to post-metaphysical rationality But one might ask: if private reasons cannot justify …” „… coercion, what is the point of convergence? Shouldn’t we simply conclude that private reasons should be …” „… expunged from public justification? Of course not. First, private reasons can justify coercion if they …”

Conclusive justification S. 69-71

„… defeated by some more compelling reasons against L. Rather, Andy must reasonably substantiate the claim …” „… 69 system (and these reasons are not themselves defeated), then ? is conclusively unjustified to …” „… are too weak. He writes: “Suppose I know that a given coin has a strong bias, and this is a reason for …”

Why the sincerity requirement does not justify consensus S. 173-176

„… reasonable citizen, taking all good reasons into account, would endorse L. (C) Public reasons are good …” „… itself be agreed upon, we have little reason to reject (IV). It is not unreasonable for citizens to …” „… not justify consensus Should we conclude that we have reason to reject converge models of public …”

The Political View of Shareability S. 184-186

„… belief held by a reasonable person that is arrived at through an exercise of theoretical reason, which is …” „… SPP, rather than a reason to reject convergence. Since Quong explicitly concedes that reasonable …” „… epistemically flawed reasons to shape the outcome of public reasoning. But if this is so, then, political …”

The asymmetry between rightness claims and truth claims S. 137-140

„… by uncovering objectively justificatory reasons, moral reasoning aspires to justify impartial norms …” „… public reason. b) Theoretical reasoning is universal in scope, in that it presupposes an enlarged …” „… penalty. Though for different convergent reasons, the citizens of C agree on L. Would it be reasonable for …”

The Commonsense View of Shareability S. 179-182

„… the mere fact that many average reasoners are likely to commit errors or reasoning shows that …” „… reasonable epistemic doctrines hold that R is a shareable/public reason for L. The Meta-Convergence View of …” „… Quong agrees. Rather than drawing on actually shared reasons we should appeal to reasons that we can …”

Why the argument from symmetry seems appealing S. 210-212

„… fundamental in her deliberations about what moral requirements she has reason to endorse”.385 Yet “by …” „… reasons. At best, then, he can endorse the Shareability Requirement on the grounds that it would not be …” „… appropriate to use his private reasons as defeaters. Perhaps, though, one could contend that the argument …”

Limits of appropriateness-based arguments for consensus S. 95-96

„… private reasons. And of course, she could maintain that whenever shared reasoning yields results that she …” „… public reason. Consider, for instance, the category of the “reasonable”, which is typically seen as …” „… reasonable may well entail ignoring some relevant reasons, not because these lack epistemic weight, but …”

Discourse theory and epistemic pluralism S. 143-144

„… asymmetry between public reason and theoretical reasoning, why should we take ethical reasons to be …” „… 143 impartial reasons, to wit, by reasons that could be endorsed by all. But to say that morality …” „… moral reasons aspire to be impartial, universal, and objective. By contrast, ethical reasons typically …”

c Content and method S. 28-32

„… “overlapping consensus” of private reasons. Following Gaus, I assume that shared reasoning is an important …” „… reasonable citizens and they insists that a commitment to reason publicly is inextricably intertwined with …” „… consensus view public reasoning should draw exclusively on reasons that are actually affirmed by all …”

Ethical discourses and open justification S. 129-133

„… ? is not freestanding it is not actually a reason (2). Gaus thus seems to imply that, according to …” „… Habermas, Andy has a reason to endorse ? if, and only if, everyone, including him, is openly justified in …” „… : On a discourse-theoretical view, R is a reason of Andy’s if, and only if, R is openly justified to …”

b Justificatory liberalism S. 13-20

„… cooperation, to wit, a rule of cooperation that all reasonable citizens have reason to endorse. This is the …” „… and reasonably justify as fundamental, we have strong reason to resist interpreting liberalism as a …” „… those reasons that can be seen by all reasonable citizens as good reasons for accepting or rejecting the …”

A first presumption in favor of convergence S. 73-74

„… (§1.3.3), R is a public/shareable reasons for endorsing law L if, and only if, every reasonable citizen …” „… 73 conclusively justifies the interpretation favored by the majority – it counts as a reason which …” „… other eligible options. The reason why CT is preferable to RCT is that it does not require that a given …”

Overview of the argument S. 161-162

„… consensus view, reasonable citizens should ignore the fact that freestanding reasons might be non-shareable …” „… and defeasible, as allegiance to freestanding reasons is required of reasonable citizens. In other …” „… the Consensus View of Public Reason insist that we should “[limit] arguments to shared reasons in …”

Freestanding rationales and general interests S. 207-210

„… reason taken in isolation. A freestanding rationale is rather the outcome of freestanding reasoning …” „… Andy refrain from rejecting coercive proposal on account of reasons that others cannot reasonably …” „… help people in need by appeal to some private reasons of his, and yet cases 1) and 2) are very …”

Bibliography S. 241-249

„… reason: a reply to Professor Weithman”, Philosophy & Public Affairs 20: 66–76. --- (2000): Religious …” „… Commitment and Secular Reason, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. --- (2001): The Architecture of Reason …” „… ): The Rational and the Moral Order – The Social Roots of Reason and Morality, Peru, IL: Open Court …”

The basic (radical) argument S. 122-125

„… 122 flawed, in that it purports to infer the epistemic conclusion that reasons are necessarily …” „… shareable and conclusive (T2) from a metaphysical conception of the reasons that there are. If no further …” „… premises are added, the argument can at best prove that there are only shareable reasons (III). I argued …”

Intelligibility and relevance S. 166-169

„… reason for accepting X, in that it is consistent with the non-public doctrine that Bea reasonably adheres …” „… systems. Reasonable pluralism thus turns into “relativism of reasons”: it becomes possible that “people …” „… principle (SPP) for selecting eligible conceptions of public reason. For the time being, however, we can set …”

Full publicity as a justificatory device S. 191-194

„… 191 sphere should strongly favor the exchange of freestanding reasons and arguments. Again, though …” „… some compelling proof that an excess of private reasons is in effect a threat to the creation of …” „… values and beliefs. But this seems a questionable claim. Observe, first, that private reasons are a …”

Rejecting the top-down argument for consensus S. 120-122

„… of reasoning behind the top-down argument for consensus, though for slightly different reasons …” „… demand that an average (or below average) reasoner achieve the same amount of internal consistency that …” „… justified belief systems can provide proper justificatory reasons, open justification must always take one’s …”

The Meta-Convergence View of Shareability S. 182-184

„… shareable/public reason for L if, and only if, all reasonable epistemic doctrines hold that R is a shareable/public …” „… groups B) and C) may reasonably regard some of the reasons comprised by U as nonpublic. To these citizens …” „… selecting eligible conceptions of public reason. An interesting question is how well C2 and C3 would fare …”

The argument from normative stability S. 194-198

„… constituency of public reason, it seems plausible to assume that all reasonable “comprehensive doctrines” would …” „… justified if and only if all reasonable citizens (taking all good reasons into account) could endorse it …” „… negative convergence, according to which private reasons can defeat coercion but not justify it. Negative …”

The Conclusiveness Thesis S. 71-73

„… defeated by some more compelling reasons against L. Rather, Andy must reasonably substantiate the claim …” „… justificatory reasons ought to be conclusive in the sense indicated by CJ? As I see it, there is strong reason …” „… sound, at least from her perspective. He knows that, all things considered, Bea has more reason to go to …”

Validity claims S. 134-137

„… . Why should only provisionally objective reasons be proper justificatory reasons, as (II) states …” „… intersubjective agreement does imply that we should regard only provisionally objective reasons as properly …” „… rejecting R as a reason for ?, Andy is committed to regarding Rbarb2right? as a “subjective” belief of his …”

The role of the public sphere S. 190-191

„… concern with the generation of “common knowledge”. In fact it is the public sphere, and not public reason …” „… , which serves the function of enhancing “common knowledge” and “full publicity”, espousing the reasons …” „… employed in public justification. But (a) has unacceptable implications. While public reason may well rule …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… 09:03Enrico ZoffoliNomosPublic Reason and the Role of ConvergenceBeyond ConsensusBUT_Zoffoli_0506-1.indd …” „… couple of delicious IPAs); for writing Justificatory Liberalism and The Order of Public Reason: my …” „… , April 2013 Enrico Zoffoli 7Table of contents Introduction 11 I. Public reason as a theory of liberalism …”

Deepening the problem S. 63-66

„… liberalism is concerned exclusively with reasonable citizens. For this reason, he stresses that “[i]n framing …” „… justified by appealing to reasons all can accept. Rather, those public reasons must be backed by, or at …” „… that private reasons can on occasion override or defeat a publicly shareable argument really looks like …”

Why the sincerity requirement undermines convergence S. 169-173

„… the reasonable, then we have little reason to worry about Quong’s empirical claim that many citizens …” „… of the reasonable. In fact, he sides with Rawls in refusing to tie the ideal of public reason to …” „… degrees of idealization presupposed by strong and moderate externalist conceptions of reasons. Reasonable …”

Summary S. 231-232

„… interests reason themselves into “reasonable” persons that resist the temptation to cheat? The other …” „… 231 excluding from the eligible set coercive proposals which all members of the public have reason …” „… twofold presumption in favor of convergence. These arguments do not suppose that freestanding reasons are …”

Rawls on the overlapping consensus S. 61-63

„… sufficient […] and we also reasonably think that other citizens might also reasonably accept those reasons …” „… non-shareable reasons that different reasonable citizens may happen to endorse under reasonable pluralism. More …” „… reasonable answer by public reason to all or nearly all questions concerning constitutionals essentials and …”

Procedures of abstraction S. 76-79

„… ”, “moral” and “religious” reasons for action and beliefs.145 Second, comprehensive doctrines must be …” „… his present set of reasons and beliefs.148 But despite the close similarity between the Rawlsian idea …” „… procedure for isolating “political” reasons from “comprehensive doctrines”, for three reasons. First, Gaus …”

Why the argument from symmetry is misguided S. 212-215

„… the public reason liberal. Now of course this line of reasoning seems unavoidable when it comes to …” „… out that a private reason of his (call it R*) defeats the freestanding rationale for L (call it FR …” „… R* were a suspending defeater. In fact, a suspending defeater shows that the (suspended) reason …”

Overview of the argument S. 33-34

„… that private reasons should be expunged from public reasoning and yet private reasons 52 “Idea” and …” „… which reasonable citizens should honor. As Rawls notes, public reason is both an idea and an ideal (J …” „… 33 1. Two models of public reason 1.1. Overview of the argument In this book I follow a …”

Open vs. closed justification S. 117

„… current belief system as the “alfa and omega” of what he has reason to accept and reject, the latter asks …” „… whether Andy would be committed to endorsing further reasons and beliefs in the light of “extensive …” „… system of beliefs and reasons] as open to new information and arguments and, from this external …”

Open justification and internal coherence S. 117-120

„… current belief system as the “alfa and omega” of what he has reason to accept and reject, the latter asks …” „… whether Andy would be committed to endorsing further reasons and beliefs in the light of “extensive …” „… system of beliefs and reasons] as open to new information and arguments and, from this external …”

The narrow symmetry objection S. 221-223

„… , and only if, every reasonable citizen, taking all good reasons into account, would endorse L. (C) Both …” „… justification regardless of the reasons Bea may or may not have given in support of L. Thirdly, although the …” „… Public Reason. Consider again our case: Bea supports L, while Andy rejects it L; however both L and ~L …”

Some misgivings about the presumption in favor of liberty S. 38-42

„… ” liberty to act as they see fit. Now in a way this is unavoidable, since public reason is a theory of …” „… the “Principle of Generic Consistency”, which compels moral agents to reason from an impartial …” „… moral relations with others is an appeal to authority, yet public reason liberalism insists that we are …”

Post-metaphysical objectivity S. 127-129

„… through which Habermas defends his postmetaphysical shift in our conception of reason. For our purposes …” „… , it is sufficient to emphasize that for Habermas post-metaphysical reason is rooted within discursive …” „… their rational justifiability. Reason thus appears in the weaker form of an essentially finite and …”

The Strong Burden Thesis and the Weak Burden Thesis S. 205-207

„… different. If (1) is true, then Andy can reject coercive proposals on the basis of his private reasons …” „… : since he owes no justification to Bea, he is not committed to giving her reasons she can accept …” „… with reasons that she can find acceptable. Let us turn (1) and (2) into two independent theses: Weak …”

Framing the issue S. 202-205

„… 202 payoff if others cooperate?”, but rather “Do I have reason to endorse this rule of conduct as …” „… sheer private interests”, on which convergence models such as Gauthier’s rely. Citizens’ private reasons …” „… burden is on her. She must kick off the justificatory process by providing Andy with reasons he can …”

Rejecting the Derivative Justification Thesis S. 44-46

„… committed to the ideal of public reason can support permissible proposals over which reasonable people …” „… reason, minor issues can be settled through democratic procedures; and once a democratic procedure …” „… reason for Andy to believe that his deeply held views about human life are flawed. Still, some have …”

The Principle of Political Liberty S. 34-38

„… 34 are necessary to determine which reasons qualify as shareable. Section §1.6 shows that in order …” „… principles 1.2.1 The Principle of Political Liberty The concept of public reason answers two questions …” „… understood on analogy with the presumption of innocence within trial law. The theorist of public reason must …”

Some important remarks S. 125-127

„… our situated perspective. Yet they point to a valuable insight, since post-metaphysical reason should …” „… argument for consensus defends the priority of freestanding/objective reasons by rehearsing the fundamental …” „… , it must be justifiable to all with the same reasons. These idea has been elegantly developed by …”

a Varieties of liberalism S. 11-13

„… 11 Introduction I. Public reason as a theory of liberalism I.a Varieties of liberalism If anything …” „… only if it is directed at the good, [thus] it supplies no reason to provide, nor any reason to protect …” „… normally referred to as public reason liberalism or justificatory liberalism. Public reason liberalism is a …”

The Non-Coercive Rejection Thesis S. 215-216

„… undermined or suspended by private reasons, but also implausible on its own merits, in that it distorts the …” „… different convergence conception, which I shall call the Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason. Thus …” „… the Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason. 3.7.2 Contested property rights One could …”

Contested property rights S. 216-218

„… leads to the Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason. 3.7.2 Contested property rights One could …” „… the same reason, Andy will believe to have no duty to support L because that piece of taxation is not …” „… – Andy makes her otherwise favorite option (keeping her car) highly ineligible. Surely the main reason …”

When liberty is not an available default S. 218-221

„… . Surely the main reason why such a coercive act would be very difficult to justify is the fact that Bea …” „… is her property, injury is done not simply by reason of physical possession, but first and foremost …” „… the same reason, Gaus stresses that property rights have a “fundamental place” in a liberal “free and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845247960

Gunnar Hindrichs, Axel Honneth - Freiheit

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Gunnar Hindrichs (ed.), Axel Honneth (ed.)

Freiheit

Series: Geist und Geschichte

Volume 1 2013

Results in this title

S. Rödl Reason and Nature, First and Second S. 119-130

„… TSN, 190. 128 Sebastian Rödl reasoning. Thus, a principle of reason is a source of consciousness …” „… ways in which Kant thinks human nature relates to practical reason. Reasoning about what to do, I may …” „… principle of the human organism is not the principle of human reasoning, then human reason is a non-natural …”

R.J. Wallace Rightness and Responsibility S. 221-240

„… endemic to the skeptical position. Skeptics, insofar as they deny that moral rightness is reason-giving …” „… question whether people have reason to comply with moral principles. Externalists about responsibility …” „… similarly hold that it might be an open question whether there is reason to blame people for failing to …”

S. Engstrom Freedom and Nature S. 657-680

„… knowledge, particularly deserve mention. One is that human reason is a capacity not only for theoretical …” „… but also for practical knowledge: the will is practical reason, differing from the understanding only …” „… of the theoretical and the practical applications of reason. In what follows, I present the problem …”

M. Thompson Forms of nature: 'first', 'second', 'living', 'rational' and 'phronetic' S. 701-736

„… in Anscombe‟s sense, may be said to be “such as” might be given in a true reasons-account of other …” „… „phronetic‟ I want to consider the prospects for a certain kind of theory of practical reason and ethics …” „… and even angels quite as well as you or me. Where Kant makes use of a conception of practical reason …”

A. Nuzzo Contradiction in the Ethical World: Hegel´s Challenge for Times of Crisis S. 627-648

„… reason, “as his theory of „actualized reason‟.”2 Moreover, it is often the case that when Hegel‟s …” „… as upholding the specificity and primacy of practical reason as the unique source of moral principles …” „… a concept of freedom that is no longer thought exclusively in terms of morality, and to a reason …”

S. Rödl Introduction S. 651-656

„… or spontaneity being effective in a natural being. John McDowell proposed that we conceive reason …” „… of communal human life.1 Considering reason as second nature dissolves the illusory appearance that …” „… , or are, a consciousness of their foundation in reason. Even while inadequate, however, second nature …”

W.F. Bristow Defining Freedom as the End of Us S. 371-388

„… them, insofar as these practical norms concretely embody the requirements of reason. These practical …” „… enable them to formulate their own conceptions of the good, to reason about the highest things, to test …” „… stance, one arrives at concrete action on the basis of universal principles of reason generated …”

P. Redding Hegel, Aristotle and the Conception of Free Ageny S. 389-404

„… intentionality and reason in socially normative “language games” involving the asking for and giving of reasons …” „… .8 Hegel, says Pippin, “understands practical reason as a kind of interchange of attempts at …” „… reciprocal practices of reason giving.12 Rationality and freedom could not gain a secure foothold in the …”

M. Rosen Freedom in History S. 535-552

„… Christianity) could not have been more explicit and direct. Yet, for just that reason, for Marx and Marxism …” „… reason as practical.2 The transcendental idealist defence that Kant gives of the negative concept – his …” „… intelligible – something that we ourselves can see to be good by our own reason.9 Their content must not …”

T. Pinkard Freedom and Necessity. And Music S. 321-338

„… Professor Sun Bin‟s comments on an earlier version of this paper gave me reason to rewrite large sections of …” „… being the expression of this being-in-time, we find “the essential reason for the elemental might of …” „… Faust. (Pinkard, Terry P., Hegel‟s Phenomenology: the sociality of reason, Cambridge: Cambridge …”

S. Lukes Markets and Morals S. 461-476

„… central reason they typically fail is because of negative externalities – costs imposed on uninvolved …” „… equalize access of rich and poor to kidneys, but reasons 28 Satz, op.cit., p. 148. 29 Scheper-Hughes …” „… . Markets and Morals 473 that this would, for various reasons, be difficult. But then Satz turns to a …”

R. Stern Freiheit als Selbstgesetzgebung S. 275-278

„… , does practical reason really have such constitutive principles, and even if it does, can they ever …” „… determination of the will through reason and not any object of inclination, where in recognizing the value of …” „… imposition of laws or principles on oneself must have some grounds or reasons underlying this imposition …”

F. Neuhouser Hegel on Life, Freedom, and Social Pathology S. 681-700

„… avoids denying either of the opposed poles and that for this reason never completely eliminates their …” „… claim to have no essential relation to life and to be, for that reason, free. The desiring subject‟s …” „… relations among bodies. For these reasons bondsman and lord take up relations to life that are just as …”

J.-F. Kervégan Recht und Freiheit S. 479-482

„… Verständnis der „sociality of reason“ sowie zu einer „social theory of agency“ bahnt;8 demzufolge darf die …” „… , Cambridge 2008; Pinkard, Terry, Hegel‟s Phenomenology. The sociality of reason, Cambrige: Cambridge …”

A. Norris Ästhetische Freiheit S. 133-140

„… abstraction of Kantian thought.” Moreover, Schiller recognizes that reason demands unity as such, while …” „… this way too, reason, freedom, and spirituality emerge from their abstraction and, united with the …” „… concrete mode of reason that goes well beyond formal rules of inference – will require the full …”

L. Herzog Free selves in free markets? S. 407-442

„… liberty only, and offers an opportunity for reflecting on their reasons for developing a more complex …” „… the reasons why they endorse commercial society is that it makes possible a wide range of different …” „… sketched at the outset. Smith is often seen as a defender of negative freedom. But a central reason for …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… ........................................ 99 Sebastian Rödl: Reason and Nature, First and Second ............................... 119 …”

A. Chitty Freedom and community in Hegel and Marx S. 567-580

„… ” (forthcoming). 7 Hegel, G.W.F., Lectures on the Philosophy of World History. Introduction: Reason in History …” „… democracy”; see for example: Bohman, J./William, R. (eds.) Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and …” „… production. Now a market society is surely a society of mutual production, so by the above reasoning such …”

S. Houlgate Recht und Zutrauen in Hegels Philosophie des Rechts S. 613-626

„… ., Reason in Philosophy. Animating Ideas, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 2009, S. 3. 620 …”

M. Seel Aktive Passivität. Über die ästhetische Variante der Freiheit S. 195-214

„… langen Serien von Beispielen macht Stanley Cavell in The Claim of Reason deutlich, dass Wissensansprüche …”

D.E. Wellbery Die Imagination der Freiheit S. 31-54

„… of Reason”, unveröffentlichtes Manuskript. 50 David E. Wellbery dere, nur als chaotisch …”

M. Quante Hegels kognitivistischer Askriptivismus S. 589-612

„… practical reason“ (Hegel‟s Conscience, New York: Oxford University Press 2011, S. 38 ff.). 590 Michael …”

D. Thomä Hegel - Diderot - Hobbes S. 167-194

„… Sociality of Reason, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996, S. 164f.: „In short, the nephew is the …”

L. Siep Natur und Freiheit S. 55-84

„… (realm of reasons) her beurteilt. Es gibt für ihn unterschiedliche Formen der Verursachung bereits …”

T. Wesche Demokratische Freiheit S. 791-826

„… about the nature of reason“) explizieren, lässt diese Weggabelung der Demokratietheorie außer Betracht …” „… ; vgl. Richardson, Henry, Democratic Autonomy. Public Reasoning about the Ends of Policy, New York …” „… commitment to the resolution of problems of collective choice through public reasoning, and regard their …”

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