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Maximilian von Grafenstein - The Principle of Purpose Limitation in Data Protection Laws

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Maximilian von Grafenstein

The Principle of Purpose Limitation in Data Protection Laws

Series: Schriften zur rechtswissenschaftlichen Innovationsforschung

Volume 12 2018

Results in this title

E. Final conclusion: The principle of purpose limitation can not only be open towards but also enhancing innovation S. 649-654

„… Final conclusion: The principle of purpose limitation can not only be open towards but also …” „… enhancing innovation This doctoral thesis has examined the principle of purpose limitation provided for by …” „… , first, the function of the principle of purpose limitation in light of Article 8 ECFR, and second, which …”

C. The function of the principle of purpose limitation in light of Article 8 ECFR and further fundamental rights S. 109-596

„… The function of the principle of purpose limitation in light of Article 8 ECFR and further …” „… collection and processing of personal data with respect to the principle of purpose limitation. Seeking to …” „… principle of purpose limitation has in our digital society. In order to elaborate on such a normative …”

A. Introduction S. 31-60

„… so-called “principle of purpose limitation” is one of the fundamental principles of data protection law.1 …” „… society, the principle of purpose limitation is more and more debated amongst legal scholars.4 The most …” „… of purpose limitation by stating that personal data can be used, even if it is incompatible with its …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-30

„… The Principle of Purpose Limitation in Data Protection Laws Maximilian von Grafenstein The …” „… of Purpose Limitation in Data Protection Laws The Risk-based Approach, Principles, and Private …” „… Principle of Purpose Limitation in Data Protection Laws The Risk-based Approach, Principles, and Private …”

D. Empirical approach in order to assist answering open legal questions S. 597-648

„… risk assessment methodologies? Risk-based approach of purpose specification and limitation (Art. 5 sect …” „… . 1 lit. b GDPR) As proposed in this doctoral thesis, the principle of purpose limitation consists of …” „… answered with respect to the principle of purpose limitation as established under Article 5 sect. 1 lit. b …”

B. Conceptual definitions as a link for regulation S. 61-108

„… ” provides a first understanding of the meaning and extent of the principle of purpose limitation. Innovation …” „… initial specification. Such an understanding of the principle of purpose limitation principally conflicts …” „… state for supporting the unemployed.128 In light of this, the principle of purpose limitation as …”

Bibliography S. 655-676

„… frameworks, p. Id.: Opinion 03/0213 on purpose limitation, 2 April 2013, 00569/13/EN, WP 203, URL …” „… Protection Working Group, Opinion 03/0213 on purpose limitation, p. Id.: Opinion 4/2007 on the concept of …” „… , 2007, pp. 139–152, quoted as: Eifert, Purpose Compatibility instead of Purpose Limitation, p. Id …”

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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Klaus Ramming Article 20 Maximum limits of liability S. 1047-1051

„… application of Article 20.1 sentence 1. A package for the purpose of the package limitation is any type of …” „… the purpose of Article 20.1 sentence 1 is the facility as a whole. As a result, the package limitation …” „… one container packed with 200 cartons, the relevant items for the purpose of the package limitation …”

Peter Mankowski Article 2 S. 425-426

„… factor, but without being defined for the purposes of the Limitation Convention. One would wonder whether …” „… one should pay proper regard to the enabling purpose of the 2005 United Nations Convention on the Use …” „… Limitation Convention besides the CISG.20 Websites should be regarded as falling outside, though, for they …”

Peter Mankowski Article 8 CISG S. 42-46

„… substantive law of the lex fori prevail.44 The most prominent external gap is prescription and limitation.45 …” „… Insofar the drafters of the CISG paid respect to the 1974 Limitation Convention which was already in …” „… the CISG. → Art. 39 (2) CISG cannot invade into this field for it serves different purposes and …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.6 (Exemption clauses) S. 637-640

„… would be grossly unfair to do so, having regard to the purpose of the contract. A. The Importance in …” „… obligee. From a civil law perspective, for lawyers used to limitations of liability based on fault, an …” „… broad, including both (i) direct and indirect limitations and exclusions (e.g. to a specific amount or …”

Peter Mankowski Article 29 S. 452

„… Calculation of the limitation period follows the principle of civil computation. The period is …” „… in the Limitation Convention are calculated in years so that this mode should not cause major …” „… problems. The main purpose of (1) 1st sentence is to exclude the first day of the period from calculation …”

Article 37 Revision of the amounts for limitation of liability and unit of account S. 1072-1073

„… , a diplomatic conference shall be convened for the sole purpose of amending the limitation amount or …” „… . Article 37 Revision of the amounts for limitation of liability and unit of account 1. Notwithstanding the …” „… the sole purpose of altering the amount specified in article 20, paragraph 1, or of substituting the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.3 (Modification of limitation periods by the parties) S. 768-770

„… Article 10.3 (Modification of limitation periods by the parties) (1) The parties may modify the …” „… limitation periods. (2) However they may not (a) shorten the general limitation period to less than one year …” „… ; (b) shorten the maximum limitation period to less than four years; (c) extend the maximum limitation …”

Klaus Ramming Article 6 Obligations of the shipper S. 1010-1012

„… would result in a substantial reduction of the limitation amount under Article 20.1, because the …” „… kilogram limitation would be inapplicable and the respective cap of the carrier’s liability is determined …” „… by the package limitation only.3 III. Accompanying documents Article 6.2 sentence 2 adds that the …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 11 Meaning of default S. 1378

„… service Both the Rail and the Space protocols provide limitations on remedies in respect of public service …” „… railway rolling stock habitually used for the purpose of providing public services. Under the Space …” „… have not so agreed, “default” for the purposes of Articles 8 to 10 and 13 means a default which …”

Klaus Ramming Article 18 Special exonerations from liability S. 1042-1044

„… ”. The decision clarified that the exonerations and limitations of liability afforded to the carrier in …” „… idea behind that concept is that the exonerations and limitations of the contract of carriage in favour …” „… the carrier. Himalaya provisions thus seek to stabilize the system of exonerations and limitations of …”

Klaus Ramming Article 24 Limitation of actions S. 1056-1060

„… governed by this Convention are subject to limitation under that Article. An “action” for the purpose of …” „… Limitation of actions 1. All actions arising out of a contract governed by this Convention shall be …” „… consignee. The day on which the limitation period commences is not included in the period. 2. The person …”

Klaus Ramming Article 23 Notice of damage S. 1054-1055

„… . 23.2), as well as a particular limitation in relation to claims for delay in delivery (→ Art. 23.5 …” „… ). The parties cannot agree on any limitation in respect of the periods for claims (see → Art. 25.1 …” „… reservations’ formalities. A reservation for the purpose of Article 23 is a declaration made to the carrier …”

Peter Mankowski Article 8 S. 434

„… THE DURATION AND COMMENCEMENT OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD Article 8 The limitation period shall be …” „… four years. Art. 8, pivot of the entire Limitation Convention, states the basic duration or the …” „… limitation period as four years. It bars any recourse to be made to national law, should that national law …”

Peter Mankowski Article 23 S. 448

„… adherence.4 On the other hand, allowing the extension of the limitation period after it has started running …” „… single purpose of stopping the clock to run.5 (3) carves another exception in the principle established …” „… by (1). But (3) technically operates in another vein than (2) for it does not relate to limitation …”

Peter Mankowski Article 24 S. 448

„… adherence.4 On the other hand, allowing the extension of the limitation period after it has started running …” „… single purpose of stopping the clock to run.5 (3) carves another exception in the principle established …” „… by (1). But (3) technically operates in another vein than (2) for it does not relate to limitation …”

Peter Mankowski Article 13 S. 439

„… time up to which it had already lapsed. CESSATION AND EXTENSION OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD Article 13 The …” „… limitation period shall cease to run when the creditor performs any act which, under the law of the court …” „… purpose of obtaining satisfaction or recognition of his claim. Art. 13 is an essential element in the …”

Peter Mankowski Article 25 S. 449

„… expiration of the limitation period, one party may rely on his claim as a defense or for the purpose of …” „… Art. 24 defines the basic effect of the limitation period expiring. Any interested party to …” „… party invoking prescription to provide evidence of when the limitation period allegedly commenced and …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.10 (Right of set-off) S. 782

„… A Remaining Right to Defend Even after the expiration of the limitation period the obligee is free …” „… consistent with the Roman tradition6 and with Art. 25 para. 2 of the UN Limitation Convention. In practice …” „… asserted the expiration of the limitation period because of the overriding more specific rule in Art …”

Peter Mankowski Article 26 S. 450

„… ceedings after the expiration of the limitation period. (1). “Recognising” means giving title to …” „… defence or for the purposes of set-off against a claim asserted by the other party. This pays regard to …” „… obligation after the expiration of the limitation period, he shall not on that ground be entitled in any way …”

Peter Mankowski Article 16 S. 442

„… . 14. Article 16 For the purposes of articles 13, 14 and 15, any act performed by way of counterclaim …” „… (1) Where a claim has been asserted in legal proceedings within the limitation period in accordance …” „… merits of the claim, the limitation period shall be deemed to have continued to run. (2) If, at the time …”

Peter Mankowski Article 17 S. 442

„… . 14. Article 16 For the purposes of articles 13, 14 and 15, any act performed by way of counterclaim …” „… (1) Where a claim has been asserted in legal proceedings within the limitation period in accordance …” „… merits of the claim, the limitation period shall be deemed to have continued to run. (2) If, at the time …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.6 (Interpretation and supplementation of the Principles) S. 490-491

„… a rule on interrupting a limitation period by negotiation) and thereby to deviate from the scheme of …” „… their purposes including the need to promote uniformity in their application. (2) Issues within the …” „… the international character4 as well as the unifying purpose of the UNIDROIT Principles5 and (ii …”

Peter Mankowski Article 4 S. 429-430

„… ; e) of ships, vessels, hovercraft or aircraft; f) of electricity. 12 Magnus, ‘Limitation in the …” „… International Arena – the United Nations Limitation Convention for International Sales’, in: Remien (ed …” „… ), Verjährungsrecht in Europa – Zwischen Bewährung und Reform (Mohr, Tübingen 2011) p. 93, 98. 13 Magnus, ‘Limitation …”

Peter Mankowski Article 15 S. 441

„… , association or entity when it is the debtor, the limitation period shall cease to run when the creditor …” „… asserts his claim in such proceedings for the purpose of obtaining satisfaction or recognition of the …” „… are winding-up with, be it liquidation or forced restructuring. But there is a peculiar limitation to …”

Peter Mankowski Article 10 S. 435-436

„… of the Limitation Convention which never had the intention to apply to all kinds of time-limits.11 …” „… Article 9 (1) Subject to the provisions of articles 10, 11 and 12 the limitation period shall commence on …” „… the date [on] which the claim accrues. (2) The commencement of the limitation period shall not be …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.4 (Mandatory rules) S. 486-488

„… as applicable on that basis in light of its close connection with the case, the purpose of the …” „… of limitation of liability will not suffice to qualify such an agreement as ‘individually negotiated …” „… limitation of liability clauses of German lawyers with their business clients have been ‘individually …”

Peter Csoklich Introduction S. 898-900

„… laid down in its Preamble, the purpose of the CMR is the standardisation of the conditions governing …” „… - Convention in their context as well as in the light of its object and purpose.5 In determining the meaning of …” „… ), including the statute of limitation (→ Art. 32 CMR) and jurisdiction/enforcement (→ Art. 31 CMR …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.6 (Suspension by arbitral proceedings) S. 775-776

„… C. Contractual Options Arts. 10.6-10.8 provide for other events which will suspend the limitation …” „… for that purpose verbatim well visibly and prominently in English (argumentum Art. 2.1.20(2)) in the …” „… that, under the UNIDROIT Principles, negotations do not cause suspension of the limitation period (risk …”

Peter Mankowski Article 1 S. 422-424

„… uniform rules governing the limitation period in the international sale of goods would facilitate the …” „… is hereinafter referred to as “the limitation period”. (2) This Convention shall not affect a …” „… notions, (1) (1) defines “limitation period” as a period of time, the expiration of which inhibits the …”

Peter Mankowski Article 30 S. 453

„… The extension is only minor as the curtailment of the limitation period (which is calculated in …” „… Contracting State shall have effect for the purposes of this Convention in another Contracting State, provided …” „… the same effect of stopping or extending the limitation period in any other Contracting State.2 Art …”

Klaus Ramming Article 4 Actual carrier S. 1007-1008

„… . For the purpose of such contract, all the provisions of this Convention concerning the shipper shall …” „… carriage by a vessel operated by him, see the remarks to Article 1 No. 3. The purpose of the various …” „… such sub-contract is a contract of carriage for the purpose of the Convention. All of the Convention’s …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 31 Timely Notice of Complaints S. 1228-1229

„… servants and agents shall not lose the right to rely on the conditions and limitations of liability even if …” „… of the carrier (paragraph 4).1 The purpose of the notice requirement is to alert the carrier promptly …” „… link between the nature and purpose of the task entrusted to the servant or agent and the subsequent …”

Klaus Ramming Article 25 Nullity of contractual stipulations S. 1061-1063

„… prohibits any reduction of the periods for claims and of limitation periods. A reduction for the purpose of …” „… limitations referred to in articles 23 and 24 shall be null and void. Any stipulation assigning a benefit of …” „… well as limitation periods. II. The liability provisions According to Article 25.1 sentence 1 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction S. 625-626

„… advantages (Art. 7.4.1, i.e. a ‘grossly unfair’ result with due regard to the purpose of the contract).3 10 …” „… multiple limitations if other options are available → Art. 7.2.2(b), (c). The regime in Arts. 7.2.1-7.2.5 …” „… (iii) Section 7.3 on ‘termination’ provides a right to termination with limitations in the case of …”

Peter Mankowski Article 31 S. 454

„… State A which have interrupting effect ceasing the limitation to run, in all other Contracting …” „… that State, this place of business shall, for the purposes of this Convention, be considered not to be …” „… other Contracting States. 5 See only Sono, ‘Unification of Limitation Period in the International Sale …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 36 CISG S. 197-198

„… fit for their ordinary purpose or for some particular purpose or will retain specified qualities or …” „… statutory periods of limitation as applicable according to the relevant rules of international private law …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 39 CISG S. 205-211

„… buyer has a reasonable excuse for failing to give notice). The purpose of Art. 39 not only serves …” „… For this purpose, the notice must be specific enough for the seller to identify the complained about …” „… is adhered to. For all practical purposes, this results in the two periods being treated as one. When …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 19 CISG S. 93-101

„… , limitations or other modifications is a rejection of the offer and constitutes a counter-offer. (2) However, a …” „… not precluded by something that does not constitute difference for the purposes of Art. 19(2). III …” „… than different terms for Art. 19(2) purposes, when interpreted in light of Art. 8.18 If acceptance is …”

Stefan Kröll Article 3 Interpretations S. 1427-1429

„… honour or negotiate has to been sent. Article 3 Interpretations For the purpose of these rules: Where …” „… underlying aims and purposes reflecting international practice and the expectations of international bankers …” „… include the plural” and vice versa, “where applicable”. The latter limitation shows that not every term …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.4 (Availability of defences and rights of set-off) S. 791-793

„… as (overriding) special rules for the defences of performance, release, limitation and decision of a …” „… defences’ is to be interpreted broadly with regard to its purpose (Art. 1.6(1)) which includes the goal of …” „… shareholders (founders) of the UK company can neither rely on English limitation of liability provisions …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Preamble (Purpose of the Principles) S. 477-483

„… overview, it is recommendable to initially browse through their table of contents.63 Preamble (Purpose of …” „… . A. Purposes Defined in the Preamble 1. Para. 1: General rules for international commercial …” „… theoretical justifications when resorting to the UNIDROIT Principles for this purpose”). 36 See …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… assignment UNIDROIT 9.1.13 8 – judicial control UNIDROIT 7.4.13 3 – limitation period UNIDROIT 10.1 5 …” „… UNIDROIT 10.7 5 – several co-obligees UNIDROIT 11.2.3 8 – suspension of limitation period UNIDROIT 10.7 …” „… York Convention UNIDROIT 1.2 2 – risk management UNIDROIT 5.2.1 3 – suspension of a limitation period …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 74 CISG S. 339-348

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Purpose and function; historical background …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 VI. Prescription and limitation periods; burden of proof …” „… different remedy may already provide for full or partial redress. II. Purpose and function; historical …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.1.1 (Matters not covered) S. 535

„… that purpose, para. 2 leaves the agent with actual authority after termination to do the acts …” „… limitation periods (Chapter 10) for which the UNIDROIT Principles provide rules. Many other questions are …”

Klaus Ramming Article 11 Nature and content S. 1022-1026

„… . Other charges for the purpose of Article 10.1 sentence 1 are e.g. those addressed in Article 8.1 …” „… for the purpose of carriage; (g) the statement, if applicable, that the goods shall or may be carried …” „… transport document,2 even if this leads to a reduction of the limitation amount (→ Art. 20.1 and 20.2). It …”

Article 35 Denunciation S. 1072

„… . Article 37 Revision of the amounts for limitation of liability and unit of account 1. Notwithstanding the …” „… the sole purpose of altering the amount specified in article 20, paragraph 1, or of substituting the …”

Article 36 Review and amendment S. 1072

„… . Article 37 Revision of the amounts for limitation of liability and unit of account 1. Notwithstanding the …” „… the sole purpose of altering the amount specified in article 20, paragraph 1, or of substituting the …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 26 CISG S. 143-145

„… purpose of Art. 26 CISG is to achieve legal certainty for the other party.2 The scope of application of …” „… expressivity requirement. The purpose of Art. 26 CISG – to ensure that the other party obtains legal certainty …” „… of avoidance must not be subject to any condition or time limitation.27 Nevertheless, the entitled …”

Raimond Emde Article 20 S. 1300

„… clause is rejected.7 Article 20 1. For the purposes of this Directive an agreement restricting the …” „… , provided the autonomous law permits this.2 The temporal limitation of the restraint of trade clause can be …”

Stefan Kröll Article 37 Disclaimer for Acts of an Instructed Party S. 1498

„… bank for the purpose of giving effect to the instructions of the applicant does so for the account and …” „… ) only to issuing and advising banks. There would be no justification for such a limitation.2 1. 2. 1 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.3 (Assignability of non-monetary rights) S. 719

„… assigned only if the assignment does not render the obligation significantly more burdensome. A. Purpose …” „… or (bb) possibly a waiver is needed to overcome a limitation clause in the main contract pursuant to …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Introduction S. 1179-1183

„… and regulations and led to an undermining of the primary purpose of the Warsaw Convention,13 namely …” „… statute of limitations. Furthermore, neither convention specifies the types of compensable damages, the …” „… cardinal purpose of the Warsaw Convention is to achieve uniformity of rules governing international air …”

Peter Mankowski Article 13 CISG S. 54

„… purposes of this Convention “writing” includes telegram and telex. In some instances, namely where the …” „… and adding two formal modes of declarations explicitly. It is modeled on Art. 1 (3) (g) Limitation …”

Marco Torsello Article 31 CISG S. 163-174

„… different formalities for priority, thus frustrating the very purpose for which the security interest was …” „… . Overview Article 31 CISG serves two different purposes, although closely related ones. On the one hand …” „… undertaking (a “carrier”) qualifies as carriage for the purpose of the provision at hand, and the carrier must …”

Klaus Ramming Article 16 Liability for loss S. 1035-1039

„… is justified in relation to costs being incurred by the carrier for the purpose of following the new …” „… rely on the exonerations and limitations of liability provided for in CMNI (see → Art. 21). The …” „… exonerations and limitations of liability afforded to the carrier when it comes to loss or damage to the goods …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 27 CISG S. 146-149

„… interpretation of Art. 27 CISG with respect to its general purpose, which reflects the accountability of the …” „… addressee for the affected communication. While some commentators8 argue in favour of a limitation of Art …” „… . 27 CISG to provisions that are covered by the purpose of Art. 27 CISG, others9 prefer to apply Art …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 22 Limits of Liability in Relation to Delay, Baggage and Cargo S. 1217-1220

„… serious personal injury and wrongful death cases. The carrier is liable without any monetary limitation …” „… carrier or of its servants or agents.1 For all practical purposes the carrier will be liable for all …” „… Article 22 is not defined. The European Court of Justice has therefore held that for the purpose of …”

Peter Csoklich Article 2 S. 906-909

„… means of transport on the other hand: in view of the different limitation amounts (e.g. 8,33 SDR/kg …” „… interested to invoke the applicability of the sea transport law with its lower limitation amounts whereas in …” „… is likely to intend to invoke the rail-transport regime with its higher limitation amounts (Art. 17 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.13 (Agreed payment for non-performance) S. 695-697

„… example of the international purpose of the UNIDROIT Principles by addressing a practical issue for which …” „… agree4 (the limitation and control of such freedom takes place in a second step – via para. 2 – while …” „… common law systems would require upfront some limitation to “a genuine or reasonable pre-estimate of the …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 79 CISG S. 367-376

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Purpose and function; historical background …” „… of ‘Exemptions’. Its rules provide for a necessary limitation to the strict liability for …” „… respect to independent third-party activities. Paragraph 3 provides for a temporal limitation for the …”

Petra Butler Article 51 CISG S. 269-273

„… divisible for purposes of Article 51.15 Bach convincingly argues that (an additional) requirement to …” „… limitation will always be appropriate since neither seller nor buyer have any interest in repairing goods …” „… non-performance endangers the very purpose for which the buyer entered into the contract. 28 Peter Huber, ‘Art. 51 …”

Stefan Kröll Article 2 Definitions S. 1422-1426

„… applicable”. What is meant by that limitation is not completely clear. It should not be interpreted to …” „… such credits submit them to the UCP 600 they become applicable.7 Article 2 Definitions For the purpose …” „… Article 2 contains no limitations in this regard. The definition of banking day is primarily relevant for …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 43 Jurisdiction under Article 13 S. 1404-1405

„… the merits, without any limitation, or, under Art 35, by any other court of a Member State having …” „… , Art 43 underlines that the court chosen by the parties for the purpose of settling all their disputes …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.8 (Effect of judgment) S. 800-801

„… ) renounce to a defence such as the expiration of a limitation period if it is sued by the obligee, or (cc …” „… purpose of a valid service), time (e.g. of service abroad) or the advantage of appointing one of the …”

Peter Csoklich Article 11 S. 924-925

„… ) lit. b) CMR.13 Article 11 (1) For the purposes of the Customs or other formalities which have to be …” „… negligently;5 the liability of the sender is not subject to any limitation as to the amount,6 and includes …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 66 CISG S. 298-302

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. Purpose and function, historical background …” „… Purpose and function, historical background Article 66 sets out the Convention’s basic principle on the …” „… ‘breach of any of his obligations’.28 In fact, an attempt to introduce a limitation to issues of breach …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.9 (Non-assignment clauses) S. 727-728

„… circumstances (Arts. 4.1, 4.3 et seq.). A limitation may consist e.g. of (a) a requirement that the obligor …” „… Vogenauer/Mazza Art. 9.1.9 no. 5, 13 (arguing in favor of the analogy in order to serve the purpose of Art. 9.1.9 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.4 (Allocation between joint and several obligees) S. 825-827

„… their respective shares. A. Purpose While Art. 11.2.1 lit. b (as supplemented by Arts. 11.2.2 and …” „… ). That entails e.g. that it is submitted to its own calculation of limitation periods (chapter 10). It is …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 43 CISG S. 226-228

„… under → Art. 39, the notice given to the seller must specify the nature of the encumbrance. The purpose …” „… 41.14 National statutes of limitation as applicable by the relevant conflict of law rules still apply …”

Peter Mankowski Article 7 CISG S. 37-41

„… practical purposes.8 These aspects qualify English as the primus inter pares, the more so, since the Hague …” „… e.g. opt-out of the CISG, the battle of forms, or limitation and exclusion clauses. The number of …” „… (2004), 181, 188; Schroeter, ‘A Time-Limit Running Wild? Article 39 (2) CISG and Domestic Limitation …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 29 CISG S. 153-155

„… common law concept of limitations to specific performance outside of common law jurisdictions. Instead …” „… modification” clause and effect a modification orally. Taking the purpose of Art. 29(2) first sentence CISG …”

Peter Mankowski Introduction S. 1-8

„… , untechnical sense. First, goods can be sold. Hence the CISG, the Limitation Convention, and the Incoterms …” „… are excluded This commentary pursues a rather pragmatic purpose and goal: to comment upon the rules …” „… little sibling of the CISG is the Limitation Period Convention. It attempts at filling a substantial gap …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 71 CISG S. 319-326

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Purpose and function …” „… wilful deceit, however, may still be taken from the applicable national law.3 II. Purpose and function …” „… limitation, see, e.g., Circuit Court of Düsseldorf (Germany), 24.4.1997, CISG-online 385; Circuit Court of …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… buyer needs the commercial invoice for bookkeeping and tax purposes and often also to accomplish import …” „… several points available, the seller may select the point that best suits its purpose. The seller must …” „… delivery exist at the place of delivery, the seller may select the point that suits his purpose best unless …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… CISG, the Limitation Convention, and the Incoterms®. Second, goods must be carried and transported …” „… Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods (Limitation Period Convention – LPC …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 II. CONVENTION ON THE LIMITATION PERIOD IN THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS (LIMITATION PERIOD …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… 270_Limitation_of_Actions.pdf; Leuschner, AGB Recht für Verträge zwischen Unternehmen (Result of a …” „… Code, 4. ed. (2011); ibid, chapter 31 Limitation Periods, in: Hartkamp, Arthur S./Hesselink, Martijn …” „… Limitations and the Conflict of Laws, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 28, No. 5 (Mar., 1919), p. 492, available at …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 3 Transactions between undertakings S. 1321-1333

„… the Directive, for the purpose of these remarks, the term ‘responsibility’ is used (which corresponds …” „… bring about a limitation of the amount of interest for late payment, it does not deprive the interest of …” „… general purpose of the Directive).75 2. 3. 69 Cf. Oelsner, ‘Strengere Zahlungs- und Verzugsregelungen für …”

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… claim for indemnity of the commercial agent, among other things with regard to the limitation of mutual …” „… to the case law of the ECJ, they primarily serve the purpose of enabling the Court to exercise its …” „… teleological interpretation of the meaning and purpose of the Directive. The English wording of the directive …”

Raimond Emde Article 17 S. 1287-1295

„… benefits, review of equitability and limitation to the maximum amount).5 Intermediaries other than agents …” „… .7 In the interpretation of Article 17, the purpose of the Directive must be considered, as it is …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

Franz-Josef Deiters, Alex Fliethmann, Birgit Lang, Alison Lewis, Christiane Weller - Limbus – Australisches Jahrbuch für germanistische Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft Band 5/2012

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Franz-Josef Deiters (ed.), Alex Fliethmann (ed.), Birgit Lang (ed.), Alison Lewis (ed.), Christiane Weller (ed.)

Limbus – Australisches Jahrbuch für germanistische Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft Band 5/2012

Series: Limbus. Australisches Jahrbuch für germanistische Literatur und Kulturwissenschaft | Limbus. Australian Yearbook of German Literary and Cultural Studies

Volume 5 2012

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Claudia Wirsing Friedrich Schlegel’s Concept of Gender in his »Letter on Philosophy« S. 179-196

„… purpose of motherliness and its form of sin-gularization and limitation of the female. This must be …” „… for common purposes and works]« (Schlegel on May 28th, 1798: KFSA, XXIV, 133). The climax of this …” „… already become visible is the following: Schlegel’s criticism of these gender images and their limitations …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783968219554

Marlen Vesper-Gräske - Zur Hierarchie der Völkerrechtsverbrechen nach dem Statut des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs

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Marlen Vesper-Gräske

Zur Hierarchie der Völkerrechtsverbrechen nach dem Statut des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs

Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht

Volume 27 2016

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Annex – Ausgewählte nationale Strafbestimmungen S. 331-362

„… that the order was unlawful; and (c) the order was not manifestly unlawful. (2) For the purpose …” „… against them or another person; (b) the act that constitutes the offence is committed for the purpose …” „… used or threatened by another person for the purpose of doing something that they are required or …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 363-385

„… Limitation Periods for Criminal Offences?, The Criminal Law Quarterly, 44 (2001), S. 8–14. Aponte Cardona …” „… ), S. 25–61. Kenny, Anthony, Intention and Purpose in Law, in: Summers, Robert S., Essays in Legal …” „… Liability: The Case for a Purpose Mens Rea Standard, Chicago Journal of International Law, 10 (2009), S …”

– Statutsinterne Anhaltspunkte S. 61-242

„… those obsolete methods or means of warfare whose limitation did not put one or more states at a …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845270623

Alexander Roßnagel, Christian Geminn - Datenschutz-Grundverordnung verbessern

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Alexander Roßnagel, Christian Geminn

Datenschutz-Grundverordnung verbessern

Series: Der Elektronische Rechtsverkehr

Volume 43 2020

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9 Executive Summary S. 182-188

„… . Data protection by default: – Limitation of the purpose to the functionality of the respective service …” „… creating different legal effects on the data subject. Determining the purpose of a contract …” „… the special protection that children merit when assessing the compatibility of a new purpose with the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748920991

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