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Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz (ed.), Max-Planck-Institut für Innovation und Wettbewerb (ed.)

Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare

2021

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Josef Drexl Data access as a means to promote consumer interests and public welfare – An introduction S. 11-24

„… Data access as a means to promote consumer interests and public welfare – An introduction Josef …” „… diverse and democratic society, is key for economic, social and public welfare. To achieve this goal …” „… interests and public welfare. From the perspective of legal research and policy, this is rather uncharted …”

Jörg Hoffmann Safeguarding innovation in the framework of sector-specific data access regimes: The case of digital payment services S. 343-400

„… transaction costs that create deadweight welfare losses for society and ultimately tackle a public good market …” „… the data. According to new institutional IPR economics, the welfare-enhancing effects of exclusivity …” „… better detect individual welfare-reducing behaviour.73 This does not mean that the more economic approach …”

Heiko Richter The law and policy of government access to private sector data (‘B2G data sharing’) S. 529-572

„… and services. Therefore, access to data can benefit the public welfare and serve society at large …” „… as a public task, e.g. by aiming to foster competition and innovation, economic welfare and …” „… ’ datasets on behalf of the public interest lies at the core of the general discourse on the state’s role in …”

Bertin Martens Data access, consumer interests and social welfare – An economic perspective on data S. 69-102

„… takes consumer welfare as the policy objective,2 this chapter takes a wider public policy economics view …” „… , regulators can intervene to make data sharing mandatory in the interest of public welfare.72 Another …” „… welfare. In line with public policy economics, this chapter has focused mainly on social welfare as a …”

Christine Lambrecht Special Address of the Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer Protection S. 7-10

„… topic of the 2019 Consumer Law Conference – ‘Data access, consumer interests and public welfare’ – is a …” „… interests and public welfare – An introduction 11 Josef Drexl On the need for additional access rights …” „… , business, and for all citizens. If used wisely, data has great potential to benefit the public …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Innovation and Competition Nomos Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare BUT_BM_Justiz_8081-5 …” „… .indd 2 26.02.21 11:05 Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare Edited by German Federal …” „… Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare German Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer …”

Wolfgang Kerber From (horizontal and sectoral) data access solutions towards data governance systems S. 439-476

„… – in addition to facilitating voluntary data-sharing between firms and opening public sector data – it …” „… accessed 31 August 2020; and for the problem of opening public …” „… Institute for Innovation and Competition of 26 April 2017 on the European Commission’s “Public Consultation …”

Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze Enhancing access to and sharing of data: Striking the balance between openness and control over data S. 25-68

„… public service delivery and to address societal needs and emergencies. Data were for instance critical …” „… . Section E concludes with a few public policy implications. Data as infrastructural resource and the …” „… for public consumption; the classic examples are transportation systems, communication systems and …”

Axel Metzger Access to and porting of data under contract law: Consumer protection rules and market-based principles S. 287-318

„… on different legal grounds, e.g. data protection law, competition law, public sector information …” „… that Article 21(2) DCSD allows collective enforcement, as determined by national law, by (a) public …” „… 16(4) DCSD. Germany has a broad practice of private enforcement of public and private law regulations …”

Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider Data access rights – A comparative perspective S. 401-438

„… guaranteed for example under the Public Sector Information Directive, or directed against private individuals …” „… public health or public safety; or (ii) create a significant likelihood of serious harassment of an …” „… 6 request,— (a) a public sector agency may, if authorised under section 73, impose a charge for …”

Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker A legal framework for access to data – A competition policy perspective S. 103-154

„… data-enabled products and services.9 Apart from the opening up of public sector information for business use …” „… re-use of public sector information [2019] OJ L172/56. 11 European Commission, ‘A European strategy for …” „… public sector’s re-use of privately-held data for public policy goals.18 In the B2B sphere, on the other …”

Josef Drexl Connected devices – An unfair competition law approach to data access rights of users S. 477-528

„… drugs, to pursue public interest goals. In sum, this explains why there is general agreement that data …” „… promoting multiple public interest goals. 3 Communication from the European Commission of 10 January 2017 …” „… . However, it can be assumed that neither the underlying market failure nor the public and private interests …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748924999

Cordula A. Meckenstock - Investment Protection and Human Rights Regulation

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Cordula A. Meckenstock

Investment Protection and Human Rights Regulation

Series: Leipziger Schriften zum Völkerrecht, Europarecht und ausländischen öffentlichen Recht

Volume 17 2010

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„… Chapter 10: Concerns related to the Pursuit of Public WelfareIn connection with the pursuit of …” „… public welfare objectives, invalidity concerns are notseriously discussed. They could be raised since …” „… stabilization clauses might hinder hoststates from regulating for the pursuit of public welfare objectives such …”

International Law S. 102-110

„… legitimatepublic welfare objectives, such as public health, safety and the environment, shallnot constitute an …” „… non-discriminatory measures that aim at public welfare objectives. It excludes per definitionem a broad range of …” „… question to beaimed at a public welfare objective. It would be hard for the foreign investor to proof …”

„… the Pursuit of Public WelfareIn connection with the pursuit of public welfare objectives, invalidity …” „… hoststates from regulating for the pursuit of public welfare objectives such as health, safetyand …” „… clauses are valid and binding alsoin the light of public welfare objectives.172 The more interesting …”

Ex Ante Tools S. 139-146

„… host states to regulate accordingly and theglobal good of public welfare and security aimed at through …” „… standards due to technical and legal developmentcontribute to the global good of social peace and welfare—a …” „… at a Glance. International Labour OfficeDepartment of Communication and Public Information, 2007 on p …”

Conclusions and Drafting Proposal S. 133-136

„… compensatory duties. The foreign investor carries the risk and costs for public welfare regulation even …” „… , environmentalor public safety. Escape clauses that relate to the source of law as the deciding criterion bear …” „… situation”-based draftingproposals are textually too uncertain. Only in rare instances can public emergency …”

Model Clauses S. 130-133

„… be undertaken in pursuit of public welfare objectives such as public morals, human life, national …” „… difficult to prove.Host states can always claim to be acting for a public welfare objective when …” „… Norwegian Model BIT was released to the public in December 2007 and featuresa number of innovations over …”

Case Law S. 111-118

„… their purpose.306 If the host state is acting within its“police powers”, i.e. pursuing public welfare …” „… exemption from compensatory duties in case of thepursuit of public welfare objective is pronounced by the …” „… in the public welfare interest of human health when banning certain industrial material from use in …”

Literature S. 110-111

„… needs to be undertaken within the police powers of the state,i.e. in furtherance of a public welfare …” „… its police powers, to protecthuman health or the environment, to secure public welfare and safety, or …” „… taking any such measures where these cannot be coveredby public financial resources [...]”289When …”

Conclusions S. 73-74

„… of havingto pay compensation could hinder host states to regulate for the purpose of public welfare …” „… regulating to the benefit of public welfare objectives, does not lead to a per seinvalidation of …”

Conclusions S. 146-148

„… powers or public welfare objectives—, the area of law the domestic regulation stems from, the source of …” „… law, orthe existence of a public emergency situation. Most convincing textually as well as …” „… standard worldwide since it contributes to the global good of social peace and welfare. The explicit and …”

„… normative hierarchies. The thirdcategory of validity concerns refers to public welfare regulation …” „… . Stabilization clausesmight hinder the host states in pursuing public welfare objectives, inducing them to …”

Introduction S. 13-16

„… interest is overriding the other one—thepublic welfare interest of the host state to regulate, also in …” „… pursuit ofpublic welfare objectives. Regulatory measures in fulfilllment of international treaty …” „… the host state. In case of public economicor health-related emergency, host states shall be able to …”

Main Theses S. 163-168

„… treaties, or arising out of a “public emergency situation”.165Main Theses11. The most balanced line of …” „… peace and welfare — a global good that serves the foreign investor as well.13. The foreign investors …” „… public platform for knowledgemanagement.166Main Theses18. A drafting proposal for an escape clause …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… 7010. Concerns related to the Pursuit of Public Welfare 7211. Conclusions 73Part V: Legal Effects of …”

Ex Post-Tools S. 136-139

„… theglobal good of public welfare and security aimed at through human rights regulation which favoursthe …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845226996

Gaby Umbach - Intent and Reality of the European Employment Strategy

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Gaby Umbach

Intent and Reality of the European Employment Strategy

Series: Studies on the European Union

Volume 1 2009

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Domestic Public Policy and Timing of the EES: British and German Welfare State and Employment Policy Traditions – Fringes of a Gamut? S. 136-158

„… Domestic Public Policy and Timing of the EES: British and German Welfare State and Employment Policy …” „… economy of private and public businesses with a late-comer voluntarist welfare system of low …” „… budget control, low public expenditure levels and balanced budgets. It largely neglected welfare state …”

The ‘Stand-Alone’ EES (1997/98-2002): Autonomous Europeanisation Power and Embeddedness of the EES’s ‘Policy ID’ into British Traditions? S. 305-339

„… ‘Blatcherism’–embraced the ‘Third Way’ approach of New Labour embedded in the New Deal (ND) and Welfare-to-Work …” „… transition from ‘Welfare-to-Work’. It should include the ND programmes in order to (re-)integrate youth …” „… expansion of the welfare state also in terms of costs, de-regulation, de-centralisation, and flexibilisation …”

In How Far?: European Employment Policy Co-ordination and the Constraints of Supra- and International Economic Integration S. 218-228

„… , “consequent privileging of neo-liberal reform strategies, retrenchment of welfare-state provisions, and …” „… public spending as well as the creation of “more and better jobs” (ibid.:26f.) by fostering adaptability …” „… combination of constant economic growth, monetary and price stability and sound public finances (cf. chapter …”

British and German Employment Policies under the EES: Proximity and Rapprochement to its ‘Policy ID’ – Converging Trends, Remaining Differences S. 429-438

„… , implemented the most important policy reforms with the NDs and the Welfare-to-Work package, German reform …” „… . While the NDs and the Welfare-to-Work package were adopted before the ‘JUMP’, ‘Job-AQTIV Act’, the …” „… policies as Germany–caused by a substantive policy misfit rooting in diverse domestic welfare state and …”

British Employment Policy Co-ordination: Integrated Leadership, Centralised Polity, ‘Trimmed Pluralism’, Few Veto Points, and the EES – ‘Strangers in the Night’? S. 270-286

„… and Welfare-to-Work policies (interview UK-1, UK-4; cf. chapter 5.1). It is, yet, far less involved in …” „… , welfare-to-work aspects, education and skills issues, discrimination topics, atypical working, industrial …” „… participants as well as put on the web sites of the DWP and DfES for public access (interview UK-1, UK-2). This …”

Literature S. 458-487

„… : The Hungarian Approach to EU Accession, in: Journal of European Public Policy, 6(5), pp. 839-854 …” „… , in: Journal of European Public Policy, 9(5), pp. 791-811. Barbier, Jean Claude (1998) : A la …” „… (eds.) (2001): Welfare and Employment in a United Europe, Cambridge. Bertozzi, Fabio / Bonoli, Guiliano …”

Interim Assessment: The EES’s Impact on German Employment Policy Priorities – Policy Transfer and Diffusion leading to ?-Convergence? S. 405-412

„… British NDs and Welfare-to-Work programmes. New elements grouped under the equal opportunities pillar …” „… consolidate public finances. They aimed at reducing non-wage labour costs and tax burdens on labour in order …”

Research Focus: Key Aspects, Core Questions, and Most Distant Cases as Spine of Analysis S. 27-31

„… ] attempts to promote reform of employment and welfare policies” (Wallace, W. 2005:502). Accompanied by this …” „… to “cure the problems of public goods provision at least to the extent caused by European integration …” „… pressure and review (‘naming, blaming and shaming’) as well as public deliberation. With these elements it …”

‘Extending the Driveway’: Expanding Existing Policy Approaches under the Streamlined EES (2003-2005) – Europeanisation Impact Intensified or Blurred? S. 339-348

„… Questionnaire’ operational since 2002 within the ‘Employment Act’, public funding of trade unions’ equal pay …” „… pensions, increase of private pension prevention/savings, and establishment of a public ‘Pension Protection …” „… programmes: “ • a Work First approach to moving people from welfare into work, emphasising both the rights …”

Domestic and Cognitive/Normative Structures: National Institutional Capacity and Veto Points – Central Characteristics of the UK and Germany S. 111-136

„… = ++++). 2.2.2 Domestic Public Policy and Timing of the EES: British and German Welfare State and Employment …” „… (Europeanisation Domains: Public policy and cognitive/normative structures): o Domestic socio-economic conditions …” „… and welfare state traditions; o National employment policy characteristics; o National cleavages and …”

Europeanisation of Employment Policies: Policy Transfer and Diffusion Leading to ?-Convergence? S. 165-168

„… Transfer and Diffusion Leading to ?-Convergence? The second guiding thesis touches upon the public policy …” „… caused by diverse national welfare state traditions (cf. chapter 2.2.2.2), the country is assumed to be …” „… be more difficult in Germany than in the UK. So, the degree of Europeanisation of the public policy …”

Interim Assessment: The EES’s Impact on British Employment Policy Priorities – Policy Transfer and Diffusion leading to ?-Convergence? S. 348-356

„… 5.1.1) that introduced a shift towards activation, education and training, tax and welfare system …” „… 1999. Moreover, the reform of the social and welfare state system–including the JSA and several waves …” „… welfare state model to the overall ‘policy ID’ of the EES–found it easier than other member states to …”

Applicability of the Europeanisation Approach: Misfit and Adaptation Pressure – Omnipotent Concepts To Explain Change Instigated by the OMC? S. 168-170

„… irrelevance of the EES. Nevertheless, no or rather diffuse Europeanisation would point at change of public …” „… would be matching with domestic reform agendas and approaches, national public policy traditions and …” „… as divergent economic systems, performances, and welfare state traditions (cf. chapter 2.2.2) or …”

The ‘Stand-Alone’ EES (1997/98-2002): Autonomous Europeanisation Power and Embeddedness of its ‘Policy ID’ into German Traditions? S. 356-392

„… welfare state paved the way for the post-war consensus on ORDOliberalism, social market economy and …” „… programmes as well as settling-in grants and public wage contributions (cf. Deutscher Bundestag 1997). Even …” „… labour costs, a profound slow-down in economic growth and the tremendous upsurge of public debt as well …”

Structure and Division: The Road Map for the Train of Thought S. 35-37

„… Europeanisation of member states’ institutionalprocedural set ups and their domestic public policies. The part on …” „… welfare state systems and to represent most interesting cases for comparative analysis. After the …” „… analysis of the concrete impact of the EES on domestic structures and public policies. Chapter 4 examines …”

European Multilevel Governance: Rapprochement to the Systemic Background of Europeanisation S. 38-79

„… co-ordination between public and private actors, regulated self-steering and societal self-steering (cf. Börzel …” „… guided by public interest, became relevant for the analysis of the performance of nation states and, thus …” „… regulatory structures combining public and private, hierarchical and network forms of coordination” (Mayntz …”

The Concept of Europeanisation: Why ‘Brussels’ Matters, Why ‘Back Home’ Matters and Why It Is a Matter of Perspective S. 79-111

„… governance–such as public-private partnership, policy networks, multilevel policy-making (cf. ibid.). In a second …” „… ; Cowles/Caporaso/Risse 2001; Ladrech 1994; Radaelli 2003a:30) as well as adaptation of public administrations (cf. Ágh …” „… Frame of Reference 83yet decisively influences the behaviour of public policy actors” (Mény …”

Research Design: Variables, Theses, and Methodology S. 31-35

„… analysis of the underlying employment policy and welfare state traditions in the UK and Germany follows …” „… of Europeanisation (domestic structures, public policy and cognitive/normative structures) are …” „… ) Europeanisation of public policy: Even though legally non-binding, the EES – by means of policy learning and …”

The Underlying ‘Policy ID’: Spotlight at the Initial What of the EES S. 195-199

„… to be given to both liberal arguments (reduction of public expenditure, strengthening the free play …” „… welfare capitalism and ‘Anglo-Saxon’ capitalism” (Wallace, W. 2005:486; cf. Serrano Pascual 2003:148 …” „… which, under pressure of its discourse on openness, eventually became public” (de la Porte/Pochet …”

Foreword and Acknowledgement S. 5-14

„… Domestic Public Policy and Timing of the EES: British and German Welfare State and Employment Policy …” „… Coin? 95 2.1.2.3.1 Europeanisation of Public Policies: Means and Results of Policy Change …” „… Structure – The EES-PCN Going ‘A Little’ Public 250 4.1.3 The ‘Others’: The European …”

What?: A New ‘Policy ID’ to Europeanise National Employment Policies – The Activation Paradigm’s Potential to Attain ?-Convergence S. 235-239

„… result, the EES reflects a compromise between a neo-liberal approach and the Nordic social welfare state …” „… , adjustment of national interest rates, public deficit policies, and state aid” (Goetschy 2003:70; cf …”

Europeanisation of Domestic Employment Policy Co-ordination Structures: Adaptation and Change Leading to Institutional Isomorphism? S. 158-165

„… , due to a low degree of misfit between the EES and domestic public policy traditions, is presumed to …” „… coordination of private and public actors within a public-private PCN. It is presumed to diffuse rather than …” „… the public policy dimension of supranational employment policy co-ordination. It focuses on the …”

‘Speeding up the Construction Process’: Post Reform Boost Trends under the Streamlined EES (2003-2005) – Europeanisation Impact Intensified or Blurred? S. 392-405

„… • sustainable consolidation of the budget and reduction of the increasing public deficit to prevent a continuing …” „… and dual vocational training system; • increased public investment in innovation and technology to …” „… invest at the local level should lead to higher private and public consumption and investment activities …”

Europeanisation of British and German Policy Co-ordination Structures and the Supranational EES-PCN: Interactions Becoming an Integrated Approach? S. 413-429

„… Europeanisation Europeanisation impact Category of Europeanisation Domestic structures Public Policy Cognitive …” „… of parliamentarisation and public visibility • Hierarchically steered flow of information and access …” „… , has been branded ‘modern’, ‘interactive’ or ‘co-operative’, because public-private interactions in …”

Adaptation to the ‘Practice’: The Official Interim Assessment and the Streamlining of the EES – A Re-Interpretation of the ‘Legal Constitution’ S. 199-218

„… which, under pressure of its discourse on openness, eventually became public” (de la Porte/Pochet …” „… technical assessment (involving experts, academics, and public administrations) was undertaken to answer a …” „… considered to have inspired long-term structural reform of domestic public employment services. Additionally …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845212470

Z'GuG Zeitschrift für Gemeinwirtschaft und Gemeinwohl

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Z'GuG Zeitschrift für Gemeinwirtschaft und Gemeinwohl

Browse Volumes: Z'GuG Zeitschrift für Gemeinwirtschaft und Gemeinwohl

Z’GuG Volume 44 (2021) Issue 1 ISSN Online: 2701-4207

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Dieter K. Tscheulin, Stephan Olk, Adnan Zogaj, Philipp M. Mähner Marketing in Social Economy and Common Welfare – Advantages and Challenges S. 146-161

„… of the social economy and of common welfare seems indispensable if public and nonprofit organizations …” „… welfare requires a critical review, since for-profit organizations differ from nonprofit and public …” „… approaches are at the disposal of managers engaged in the social economy and common welfare. As public and …”

Manfred Röber, Christina Schaefer Gemeinwohl und Gemeinwirtschaft: Welche Anregungen die Öffentliche Betriebswirtschaftslehre von der Policy-Forschung erhalten kann S. 95-105

„… recommendations in the context of public management research. Keywords: Social Economy; Social Welfare; Empty …” „… article makes it clear in which way the topic of “social welfare/the common good” is addressed in the …” „… welfare/the common good”. From this critical analysis the necessity of “pluralising the common good” is …”

Barbara Sak From collective interest through ‘solidarity perimeters’ up to social economy and common welfare: which new or further research lines? S. 106-120

„… aiming to reach and interest practitioners in charge of implementing common welfare and public or …” „… common welfare: which new or further research lines? Zusammenfassung Dieser kurze Beitrag zielt darauf ab …” „… Information and Research on Public, Social and Cooperative Economy). Combining scientific research and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-2

„… Philipp Mähner Marketing in Social Economy and Common Welfare 1 | 2021 44. Jg. NF Seite 1–162 ISSN …” „… Journal of Social Economy and Common Welfare www.zgug.nomos.de Z’GuGZeitschrift für Gemeinwirtschaft …” „… und Gemeinwohl Journal of Social Economy and Common Welfare www.zgug.nomos.de Inhalt Editorial …”

Ulf Papenfuß Selbstregulierung mit Corporate Governance Kodizes für nachhaltige Unternehmensführung in Gemeinwirtschaft und Nonprofit-Organisationen S. 79-94

„… particular importance for social economy and common welfare. However, empirical studies still show serious …” „… need for their introduction and revision is emphasised for public administrations, social economy …” „… common welfare contexts, this article would like to contribute to a full understanding of the …”

Frank Schulz-Nieswandt Kardinalfragen einer zukünftigen Wissenschaft heterotoper Gemeinwirtschaft S. 137-145

„… the future of common welfare embedded in a context of dual economy exceeding and trespassing regulated …” „… market order of competition between public provider, third sector and capitalist company. But the …” „… going towards forms of heterotopia. Keywords: Dual Economy, welfare Pluralism, Commons, Heterotopia …”

Silke Helfrich, Johannes Euler Die Neufassung der Commons: Commoning als gemeinwohlorientiertes Gemeinwirtschaften S. 41-58

„… that have been increasingly suppressed and rendered largely invisible in public debates over the past …” „… clear that commoning is a welfare oriented social economic practice that not only changes economic …” „… Enclosure Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain, In: Law and Contemporary Problems, 66, 33-74 …”

doi.org/10.5771/2701-4193-2021-1

Pascal König - Die Vermittlung von Reformen in Zeiten der Krise

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Pascal König

Die Vermittlung von Reformen in Zeiten der Krise

Series: Vergleichende Analyse politischer Systeme

Volume 9 2016

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 539-578

„… Introduction. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Blekesaune, M. 2003. Public Attitudes toward Welfare State …” „… . Does Politics Matter: An Analysis of the Public Welfare Commitment in Advanced Democratic States …” „… . Voters’ commitment problem and reforms in welfare programs. Public Choice 155: 433–448 …”

Analyse der Reformkommunikation und Test der Hypothesen S. 305-488

Fallauswahl S. 197-281

„… welfare state is based on the core of equality of opportunity and self-reliant individualism, grounded in …” „… the belief that freely operating markets are inherently welfare maximizing“. Regierung Cameron …”

Forschungsstand und kritische Würdigung S. 53-142

„… reproduziere. Kurzum: „[P]ublic policy is not only expressed in words, it is literally ‚constructed‘ through …” „… another and to the public more generally in their efforts to construct and legitimate their policy …” „… Edwards (2005), die den Effekt von einem „public aid“ und einem „work requirement frame“ erforschen …”

Anhang S. 527-538

„… Pathways to Work Programme 2012 1 1 2 Pathways to Work Programme 2013 1 2 3 Public Service Reform 2 2 4 …” „… Public Service Pension Reformc 0 2 2 Regierungsprogramm 7 0 7 Sonstige 76 0 76 Anhang 528 …” „… Emergency Budget und Spending Review 3 2 5 NHS Reform 5 5 10 Public Service Reform 2 0 2 Public Service …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845275512

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