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Christina Altides - Making EU Politics Public

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Christina Altides

Making EU Politics Public

Series: Regieren in Europa | Governance in Europe

Volume 16 2009

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Conflicting public communication intentions S. 68-70

„… ). Political parties might orient their political positions towards public survey results, and public …” „… Conflicting public communication intentions The previous two sections have shown that the norm-oriented and …” „… , self-reflexive and yet so purposeful activity,like public communications.Conflict cannot only arise between norms …”

Enhancing EU legitimacy through public communication? S. 19-23

„… marginal role in Europeanintegration research. Inglehart’s studies on the role of public opinion in …” „… (1.1.) will present and discuss accounts dealing with the question of relevance of public communication …” „… EU researchWhy should European integration research be bothered with issues of public communication …”

Norm-oriented motives for public communication S. 62-65

„… . Having been acting rather non-publiclyin the past (as not dependent on electorates and public opinion …” „… 1995; Faulstich 2000; Kamps 2003), win the public’s attention and trust and (thereby) strengthen their …” „… the development of public communication. In this way, the core concepts underlying the two sections …”

Interest-based communication aims S. 65-68

„… within the communication behaviour of public administrations. Having been acting rather non-publiclyin …” „… the public’s attention and trust and (thereby) strengthen their position and levels of influence …” „… the past (as not dependent on electorates and public opinion) they have expanded their communication …”

Why should the EP and the Commission communicate? S. 23-26

„… from a publicly supported Commission proposal, it would also be in opposition to public opinion …” „… European public communication has been –and still is – flourishing recently, only a few scholars have been …” „… expected to) engagein public communications than others. The Council, the EU’s intergovernmentalinstitution …”

References S. 213-227

„… ), pp.29-46.Avenarius, H. (1995): Public Relations. Die Grundform der gesellschaftlichen …” „… Politics and Citizens? The European Commission, National Media and EU Affairs in the Public Sphere. In …” „… , M. (2005): How the EU constructs the European Public Sphere. Seven Strategies of Information Policy …”

What the documents say: The official line to take S. 115-122

„… 1155 Why and how to make EU politics public:Institutional communication intentionsWe have looked at …” „… institutions’ own intentions when dealing with public communications? To what extent do EU institutional …” „… presence of its members and thus public awareness of its decisions and activities (EP 1998, p.1; 2002, p.3 …”

What should EU institutions communicate? S. 30-35

„… public communication not only to answer the growing demands for more information about and direct …” „… increasing recognition of the political importance of public communication by scholars, citizens and even the …” „… public interest in institutional political communication, are progressively improving, satisfaction with …”

The changing role of institutional communication throughout the integration process S. 26-30

„… potential of institutional public communication. Overall, the theoretical literature on why EU institutions …” „… they clearly show that the role and institutional concept of public communication at EU level has …” „… incentive for the EP to employ public communication– not only to empower the voter democratically, but also …”

Beyond the empirics: Theorising on EU institutional communication S. 207-210

„… Commissioner responsible – as the main decision-maker regarding public communicationon his own policy proposals …” „… interest in increasing its public legitimacy. Indeed, the analysed Commission press material displayed …” „… particular policy. The EP, the institution responsible for debating EU policy proposals in public (in …”

Conclusion S. 210-212

„… an institutional crisis.8.5 ConclusionPublic communication by EU political actors has to be …” „… institutions, the task of public communication is shared by a multitude of entities with a variety of …” „… to fully comply with the external demands regarding their public communication. Public communication …”

Organisational constraints: procedures and structures S. 73-76

„… to realize that institutional public communication is highly dependent on the organised interaction …” „… public communication (see Zerfaß 1996, p.86). So far, internal organisational and social restrictions …” „… two constraints play a determining role in institutional actors’ capability to engage in public …”

Introduction S. 15-18

„… from the public’s attention, involvement, knowledge and control. EU communication efforts have been …” „… make European politics public. Indeed, EU institutional communication efforts have increasingly been …” „… movinginto the spotlight of public attention. Public debate and criticism have consistentlybeen invigorated …”

Situational and individual constraints S. 70-73

„… and departments involved in the EP’s and the Commission’s communication activities.2.3 Public …” „… actor’s capability (to act in general, and to engage in public communication in particular) as suggested …” „… should Commission officials conceive of the public interest? Should they consider themselves architects …”

External boundaries to EU institutional communication S. 39-45

„… possible, exclusive) political information that will catch the public’s interest and allow the media to …” „… EU institutions face a number of public and academic expectations regarding their communication about …” „… conditions for an institution that seeks to provide public faces to come across to the public (ibid.). Even …”

Social constraints: political power and social profile S. 76-78

„… on political actors’ public communication efforts in the literature, one will find the main focus …” „… lies on the politicalinstitutions’ overall political power and public legitimacy to engage in public …” „… .287)30 and public legitimacy seem the most prominent social resources an actor can have, acquire or use …”

Shifting from structural to actor-centred explanations S. 47-52

„… mainly public surveys (Gramberger/Lehmann 1995, p.190). Thus, here too, one can assume that former …” „… view of its lack of powers and low public profile. One can argue that the Commission wants to avoid …” „… increasing public pressure for, public communication, both institutions still appear reluctant when engaging …”

How EU institutions do not communicate what they are expected to S. 35-38

„… citizens- Increase news values because conflict enhances clarity and allows dramatisation- Raise public’s …” „… , p.5) and Fraize adds that they are actually addressing their own rather than the public’s priority …” „… demands upon political actors’ public communicationWhile it can be disputed whether the presented …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-11

„… Christina AltidesMaking EU Politics PublicHow the EU institutions develop public communication Nomos1 …” „… of interactivity with citizens or should rather concentrate on shaping public opinion in the interest …” „… Looking for the relevance of communication in EU research 191.1.1 Enhancing EU legitimacy through public …”

Analysing EU institutional communication activities S. 81-85

„… , addressing other institutions or elite stakeholders, rather than the media and the general public.82dia …” „… politically motivated public communication, in the first place. Secondly, high politicisation potential of the …” „… two proposals led to a broad public and media interest in both issues. Both proposals were heavily …”

On communicating responsiveness S. 129-136

„… directing the public’s attention to certain issues of institutional interest (EC IN13, 83; EC IN2, 14); by …” „… pursuing the institution’s or the public’s interest – communication, ideally, should always be tailored to …” „… happens” (EP IN14, 35). Only if there is a deadlock, “one goes public and lets out a scream” hoping that …”

The characteristics of EU institutional press communication S. 201-203

„… ) efforts to improve and institutionalise their public communications as they have in the past decade. Yet …” „… (or the lack thereof) and to intra-institutional restrictions when it comes to managing public …” „… responsiveness towards citizens and the public at large. The analysis of the EP and Commission press material …”

Formal institutional obstacles S. 45-47

„… and the European Commission face a number of ‘external’ difficulties when engaging in public …” „… enable them to monitor national public opinion, to work more proactively with the press, to gear …” „… consider the institution as a whole responsible for public communication (ibid.). MEPs see themselves and …”

Communication intentions: the Services Directive and REACH S. 144-149

„… easier with subjects that in themselves generate great public interest, such as the Services Directive …” „… suspicions that Mr Verheugen was even briefing against it.” (EP IN4, 58) 147approach towards public …” „… been voiced in public (see above). Later, this was heavily criticised by institutional communication …”

The many communicators in the EP and the Commission S. 57-61

„… contact with citizens, through visitors’ programmes and seminars (B1, B5), through public events at …” „… UnitDirectorate BCommunicationsB1:Visitors’ ProgrammeB2: Public EventsB3: Information OfficesB4: Citizens’ MailB5 …” „… - MEPs themselves as public communicators- MEP’s Press Attachés in constituenciesParty Group Press …”

On communicating conflict S. 125-129

„… think it helps to show that, to show the public that that is the way things are, that it isn’t a single …” „… “public discursiveness” and “open conflict” as being difficult to achieve but “good for transparency …” „… normatively desirable, but also necessary, if the Commission wanted to improve the public support levels for …”

On the absence of any communication intentions S. 136-139

„… to people’s doors, it’s mentioned in public meetings, it’s mentioned in speeches they make, on …” „… , filtering down to the public as a whole.” (EC IN2, 32)Altogether, one can say that the concept of …” „… communication within public administration, today, it’s a little bit like with translations, 50 years ago. 50 …”

Abbreviations S. 13-14

„… , Public Health and Food SafetyEP European ParliamentEU European UnionIMCO Committee on Internal Market and …” „… StatesPR Public RelationsREACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of ChemicalsCULT …” „… Environm ntal, Public Health and Food SafetyP European ParliamentU UnionIMCO Committee on Internal Market …”

Implications for EU institutional communication S. 61-62

„… for EU institutional communicationOne has to acknowledge that, overall, public communication by EU …” „… , public legitimacy) and, to a certainextent, distinctive institutional cultures in the inter-institutional …” „… common institutional traits may suggest. The task of public communication is shared by a multitude of …”

Corporate institutional actors – beyond unitary conceptions S. 54-57

„… actiontheoretical concepts of intentionality and capability with regard to the developmentof institutional public …” „… , on the one hand, seen analyses of institutional stances and attitudes towards public communication in …” „… corporate actors also holds true for political institutions that engage in public communication as a whole …”

Document analysis S. 85-88

„… referring to external viewpoints (e.g. in consultation procedures) quite openly; c) tried to enhance public …” „… actually motivated and drove their public communication efforts.In the theoretical framework, actors …” „… objectives of public communication, on explicit explanations on institutionalbenefits and norms that need to …”

Communication of responsiveness? S. 107-112

„… directive, the material repeatedly provided information on the public protests taking place during the …” „… referred to representatives of industry and NGOs taking part in a public hearing, handing in a petition …” „… 04.04.06; Reach 16.11.05). While referring to public mobilisation activities in the case of the Services …”

Organisational constraints: the Services Directive and REACH S. 178-182

„… national public the respective press release addressed. Finally, the timing of parliamentary communication …” „… constraints is that the timing of the EP’s communication activities does not always comply with public and …” „… in official institutional communication. Public speeches or personalinterviews are regarded more as …”

Monitoring structures S. 153-155

„… prescribed every policy proposal to be based on an impact assessment and a public consultation procedure (EC …” „… – “what the press is saying in their own country and what public opinion seems to think about the European …” „… institutional public communications (see EP IN2).66In the Commission, the national representations are the …”

The timing of and occasions for institutional press communication S. 94-98

„… Commission make EU politics and policies public and to what extent do press material characteristics match …” „… material was issued on the organisation of a public hearing (EP IP, 12.11.04) and the establishment of a …” „… subject to a public 8-week internet consultation(EC IP and Memo, 07.05.2003). The official Commission …”

Limits of planning structures and procedures S. 161-169

„… problem of public administration is that we quite often consider that decis ion making processes are the …” „… ).167development of national public debates, and media or public communication needs in general (EC IN6 …” „… the media and public are ready to accept it (ibid.; also EC IN11, 28; EC IN14, 17). Only few seem to …”

On communicating political responsibility S. 122-125

„… , duty driven or a response to public demand, the communication of political responsibilities can also be …” „… motivated, as a response to “what the public might legitimately demand, whether they do it or not” (EC IN2 …” „… , 53). It is, though, also pragmatically motivated, as a necessary response to real public …”

Explaining EU institutional communication efforts S. 78-80

„… actors and entities in both the EP and the Commission, the public communication development process is …” „… , public communication efforts can be regarded as resulting from the interplay between an actor’s …” „… , public legitimacy, resources, or expertise –the author would argue that there is a second …”

Limits to monitoring structures and procedures S. 169-172

„… official EU languages without aiming at influencing national public opinion as the Commission seeks to do …” „… to public concerns. This is up to political parties and MEPs to do.171Concerning the use of …” „… results of public meetings, focus groups, questions coming to the Europe Direct centre, and a planned …”

EU institutional communication: between expectations and performance S. 112-114

„… towards citizens and the public at large. The analysis of the press material issued on the Services …” „… public positions by the MEPs. The Commission, in any case, showed a slightly ambivalent attitude towards …” „… public discussion: supporting it in principle but disapproving ‘wrong arguments’; regardingcitizens …”

Actor patterns of intentional differences S. 139-144

„… (EC IN6, 49). Regarding other Commissioners’ stances towards engaging in public communicating on a …” „… institutional public image. Party group officials were also well aware ofnormative communication desiderata; yet …” „… standing, than in terms of being responsive to citizens’ information needs and fostering public …”

The European Commission S. 193-197

„… communication behaviour they would have to re-orientate – that is building communication priorities on public …” „… ’ personal stance towards public communication. Both phenomena are an expression of the Commissioners’ power …” „… to – you should…consider the internal discussions before you go public – if it’s all possible.” (EC …”

Planning structures S. 150-153

„… ), monitoring (6.1.2), and coordination activities (6.1.3) related to public communication. In 6.2, I will then …” „… communication activities and instead go public in a well-preparedmanner (planning); b) to enhance the …” „… ensure the best possible media and public receptiveness and reaction (EC IN3, 28; EC IN11, 41). Besides …”

Social restrictions – the Services Directive and REACH S. 197-200

„… limited if the Commissioners they are working for have other priorities than public communications …” „… public they are addressing. Pointing out certain policy advantages or disadvantages for citizens is …” „… right way to go) or inclusive (we have listened to your concerns), whether they mentioned that public …”

Researching the EU institutional communication deficit S. 38-39

„… explicitly looking at the responsive and participatory elements in EU institutional public communication …” „… or PR professional standards. What is largely missing is a perspective on public communications …” „… number of public and academic expectations regarding their communication about European politics, which …”

Relating the development process to the institutional press release features S. 206-207

„… regarding public communicationon his own policy proposals – shows himself to be sympathetic to it. Otherwise …” „… being responsive – be it out of duty or out of its interest in increasing its public legitimacy. Indeed …” „… responsible for debating EU policy proposals in public (in contrast to the Council), is much more likely to …”

The institutional communication development process S. 203-206

„… EU institutions develop their public communication activities internally. The empirical results …” „… to assert their conception of public communication and to enforce the appropriate use of …” „… people or entities – and their awareness for communication concerns – is vital for successful public …”

Explaining the EU institutions’ communication deficit S. 52-53

„… institutional public communications as they narrow the gap regarding actor-centred approaches, they have not yet …” „… institutional actors act’ when engaging in public communication. A comprehensive systematic analysis of the …”

Communication of political responsibility? S. 98-103

„… welcome the results of EP and Council internal negotiations. 4.2 Making EU politics public – the EU …” „… having commented on the policy proposal (e.g. during a public hearing, EP IP Services, 07.09.05, Reach …” „… public than EP press material was also reaffirmed with regard to the refraining from naming concrete …”

Limits of coordination structures and procedures S. 172-178

„… efficiency(not “scattering scarce resources”, EC IN2, 57) and the overall institutional coherency in the public’s …” „… “to have the perception as well to best reach and target their public”, not least because “sometimes …” „… coordinated with other communication efforts for the grand public” (EC IN13, 99). However, they harshly …”

Coordination structures S. 155-161

„… seen as a tool in the Commission’s monitoring (or early warning) system, as they may generate public …” „… members: to inform them about the news headlines and policy-relevant critical issues in public discussion …” „… proposal is to be officially presented (EC IN14, 35). If the official publication date is, in contrast …”

Figures and tables S. 12

„… professional demands upon political actors’ public communication 36Table 2: Operationalising the analysis of …”

Critical evaluation S. 91-93

„… organisational and social restrictions involved in everyday public communication. Finally, chapter 8, will draw …” „… national journalists and publics at central level, it could not be captured by the content analysis of …”

The European Parliament S. 188-193

„… pointed out that it was important to have an entity that could inform the public about, and seek support …”

Analysing EU institutional internal capability structures S. 90-91

„… to the interests and needs of national journalists and publics at central level, it could not be …”

The European Parliament S. 183-185

„… official documents on how and why the European institutions should communicate publicly. On the part of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845220123

Veronica Federico, Christian Lahusen - Solidarity as a Public Virtue?

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Veronica Federico (ed.), Christian Lahusen (ed.)

Solidarity as a Public Virtue?

Series: Transnational Perspectives on Transformations

Volume 4 2018

Results in this title

Veronica Federico Conclusion: Solidarity as a Public Virtue? S. 495-542

„… Conclusion: Solidarity as a Public Virtue? Veronica Federico Studying solidarity at the time of the …” „… : Solidarity as a Public Virtue? 497 Solidarity in the Constitutions From the comparative analysis of Part I …” „… , context: the Francophone cooperation, which is a by- Conclusion: Solidarity as a Public Virtue? 499 …”

Maria M. Mexi Greece S. 91-108

„… cuts, reductions in social spending, flexibilization of the labour market and privatization of public …” „… increased by 144,400 persons (15–74 years old). - Between 2009 and 2013, public employees and employees in …” „… public utilities saw their salaries cut by 8.0 percent and 25.2 percent respectively. Also, the salaries …”

Manlio Cinalli, Carlo de Nuzzo France S. 53-68

„… forcing into the broader public debate a mischievous confusion between solidarity and parasitic …” „… public law. For example, in private law, solidarity is often cast as a constraint when it comes to …” „… public law as a bond of mutual assistance that refers to the notion of national solidarity; a special …”

Janina Petelczyc Poland S. 129-146

„… is very often discussed in public debates, its meaning is not very clear and depends on the …” „… . 12) as well as “decentralisation of public power”, “self-governing” (Art. 15-17) and “subsidiarity …” „… shall be equal before the law. All persons shall have the right to equal treatment by public authorities …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-11

„… Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Federico, Veronica / Lahusen, Christian Solidarity as a Public …” „… Solidarity as a Public Virtue? Law and Public Policies in the European Union Veronica Federico …” „… BUT_Lahusen_4739-9.indd 2 03.05.18 13:26 Law and Public Policies in the European Union Solidarity as a …”

Deniz Neriman Duru, Thomas Spejlborg Sejersen, Hans-Jörg Trenz Denmark S. 33-52

„… . Copenhagen: DJØF Publishing. Hulgård, L. (2006) “Danish social enterprises: A public-third sector partnership …” „… responsible for his or their maintenance, be entitled to receive public assistance, provided that he shall …” „… , family reforms such as financial support for single mothers, and the provision of public daycare for …”

Manlio Cinalli, Carlo de Nuzzo Disability, Unemployment, Immigration: Does Solidarity Matter in Times of Crisis in France? S. 275-302

„… Income Benefit) for more than one million households, while public expenditure on the family is …” „… intervention. Having a large population in public employment, France also has natural protection from sudden …” „… a chronic public deficit, responsible for high public debt (67.5% of the GDP in 2008) and unbalanced …”

Christian Lahusen, Veronica Federico Introduction S. 11-32

„… policies fall short of public expectations, particularly where the principle of solidarity is concerned …” „… purpose, this book examines solidarity’s role as a legal principle and as a component of public policies …” „… re-distributional public policies (Svallfors 1997; Fong 2001; Amat and Wibbels 2009; Rehm et al. 2012). However …”

Maria M. Mexi Greece in Times of Multiple Crises: Solidarity under Stress? S. 337-360

„… accompanying fiscal adjustment process in Greece has rarely been addressed in public, social and/or political …” „… public policy perspective, by examining recent legal and policy responses that have been introduced in …” „… orientation'', protects all persons in both the private and public sectors, and covers the fields of access to …”

Veronica Federico, Nicola Maggini Disability, Unemployment, Immigration: Does Solidarity Matter at the Times of Crisis in Italy? S. 361-394

„… the difficult status of the country’s public finances contributed to make the overall picture even …” „… goal of restoring the financial market’s confidence and of safeguarding the Italian public budget from …” „… bankruptcy was achieved at high social costs and led to severe cuts in public spending for social inclusion …”

Tom Montgomery, Simone Baglioni Solidarity in Austerity Britain: The Cases of Disability, Unemployment and Migration S. 469-494

„… public spending, a process that had already been signalled to some extent under the Labour Chancellor …” „… (ONS 2015a). Figure 1. Public sector net debt: financial year ending 1998 to the financial year ending …” „… Tax (VAT) and by cuts in public spending. Reflecting the commitment the Coalition had made in its …”

Tom Montgomery, Simone Baglioni The United Kingdom S. 179-192

„… has been maintained via the development of the welfare state, namely the establishment of a public …” „… health care system, along with public pensions and insurance programmes that have been in place from the …” „… ’. However as public spending has contracted since the turbulence of the crisis and austerity has manifested …”

Veronica Federico, Nicola Maggini Italy S. 109-128

„… nuclear family, leading to a self-interested, family centred society that sacrifices the public good …” „… sector’s growth enhanced a model of solidarity based on the synergy between the private and public sector …” „… where they aim to meet the collective needs linked to quality of life, the protection of public goods …”

Janina Petelczyc Disability, Unemployment, Immigration: Does Solidarity Matter in Times of Crisis? The Polish Case S. 395-420

„… , including unemployment benefits, as well as salary freezes for some groups of public-sec- 2 The future of …” „… , the ruling party Platforma Obywatelska (PO, Civic Platform) introduced the public discourse regarding …” „… evident in public discourse for the last several years. The emigration of youth to other EU countries has …”

Contributors S. 543-546

„… researcher and lecturer in public comparative law with the Department of Legal Studies of the University of …” „… advanced international law and Public international law at the University of Florence. Her research …” „… interests focus on public international law and human rights. Thomas Spejlborg Sejersen is a research …”

Deniz Neriman Duru, Thomas Spejlborg Sejersen, Hans-Jörg Trenz Solidarity in Times of Crisis: Disability, Immigration and Unemployment in Denmark S. 249-274

„… Part III: Solidarity at a Crossroad: Solidarity and Member State Public Policies on Unemployment …” „… , are provided with a variety of measures to apply for public funding. However, 1 …” „… hybrid of civil law and public law (Lund-Andersen 2015) and has no separate constitutional court (see …”

Eva Fernández G.G., Tania Abbiate Switzerland: Vulnerable Groups and Multiple Solidarities in a Composite State S. 421-468

„… issues remained tangent to the economic challenges. Immigration became a hot topic in the public debate …” „… including the vulnerable group demands in the public and private environments. Share of people with …” „… (OHand, RS 151.31), Ordinance on adjustments to ensure access for people living with disability to public …”

Index S. 547-554

„… principle 451 public debt 196, 197, 277 public duties 114, 164 readiness to work 404 redistribution 40–79 …” „… principle 147 – solidarity contracts 119 – solidarity in public law 60, 498 – solidarity-based practices 112 …” „… , 316–322, 354, 462, 497–517, 529 – as a public virtue 27 – as public virtue 79, 148 – component of public …”

Ulrike Zschache Disability, Unemployment, Immigration: The Implicit Role of Solidarity in German Legislation S. 303-336

„… services, higher child benefits and higher Disability, Unemployment, Immigration in Germany 305 public …” „… Hungary. What followed was perceived as an administrative crisis by many observers since public …” „… started to raise concerns about Chancellor Merkel’s liberal policy. What is more, public opinion took a …”

Ulrike Zschache Germany S. 69-90

„… independent social welfare providers alongside the public and commercial service providers. With their …” „… public and non-governmental welfare service providers (Art and Gelissen 2002, 147; Schiefer et al. 2012 …” „… ). Typically, volunteering takes place in public and in organised, collective forms (Vogel/Tesch-Römer/Simonson …”

Eva Fernández G.G., Délia Girod Switzerland S. 147-178

„… , more favourable regulations can be enacted in execution of the law (public-sector statutes, specific …” „… pillars. It is a threefold system of public, occupational and private insurance, where each pillar …” „… federal State did provide a restrictive and rudimentary system Switzerland 159 of public assistance only …”

Ester di Napoli, Deborah Russo Solidarity in the European Union in Times of Crisis: Towards “European Solidarity”? S. 193-248

„… , namely in Greece, Italy and Spain, with dramatic public debt exposure. On the other hand, large migration …” „… and public debt crunches unleashed political tensions among member states, ensued by harsh debate …” „… issues in a solidarity manner, leading to a corrosion of the EU legitimacy in the public sphere. Indeed …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845290058

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Hans-Holger Herrnfeld, Dominik Brodowski, Christoph Burchard

European Public Prosecutor's Office

2021

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Christoph Burchard Article 8 Structure of the EPPO S. 41-64

„… Angelo Marletta, ‘The European Public Prosecutor’s Office: What Role for OLAF in the Future?’ in Zlata …” „… Proposal for a Regulation on the Establishment of a European Public Prosecutor’s Office: Everything Changes …” „… ‘The European Public Prosecutor’s Office: Towards a Truly European Prosecution Service?’ (2013) 4 NJECL …”

Christoph Burchard Article 6 Independence and accountability S. 32-37

„… this respect, see Kai M. Lohse, ‘The European Public Prosecutor: Issues of Conferral, Subsidiarity and …” „… Proportionality’ in Leendert H. Erkelens, Arjen W. H. Meij and Marta Pawlik (eds.), The European Public …” „… Account a Possible European Public Prosecutor’ (2013) 24 Criminal Law Forum, 371 (391). 2 As to the …”

Introduction Hans-Holger Herrnfeld S. 1-11

„… the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (“the EPPO”) was adopted on 12 October 20171 and entered into …” „… Communication “Better protection of the Union’s financial interests: Setting up the European Public Prosecutor’s …” „… for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office”3 as well as …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Herrnfeld / Brodowski / Burchard European Public Prosecutor’s Office BUT_Herrnfeld_4884-6.indd 1 …” „… 02.10.20 08:22 European Public Prosecutor’s Office 2021 Article-by-Article Commentary by Hans-Holger …” „… cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (‘the EPPO’) BUT_Herrnfeld …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 36 Prosecution before national Courts S. 329-345

„… “European Public Prosecutor” in the terminology of the original Commission proposal). While in most …” „… public hearing of the case in a trial court, but should also allow the EPPO to seek a criminal sanction …” „… Regulation on the Establishment of a European Public Prosecutor’s Office’ in Petter Asp (ed), The European …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 100 Relations with Eurojust S. 583-595

„… alia, Katalin Ligeti and Michele Simonato, ‘The European Public Prosecutor’s Office: Towards a Truly …” „… European Prosecution Service?’ (2013) 4 NJECL, 7; Katalin Ligeti and Anne Weyembergh, ‘The European Public …” „… (eds.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office. An Extended Arm or a Two- Headed Dragon? (2015), 60 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 26 Initiation of investigations and allocation of competences within the EPPO S. 213-234

„… ) prosecutors working at the Central Office under the direction of the “European Public Prosecutor”, a term used …” „… Office or by an EDP and, if so, which EDP. Every case could be initiated by the European Public …” „… regulated 1 Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s …”

Christoph Burchard Article 37 Evidence S. 345-352

„… )) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 40 Cf. e.g.: Fabio Giuffrida, ‘Cross-Border Crimes and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office …” „… establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office’ (2017) 39 CEPS Policy Insights 15; Michele Panzavolta …” „… Winter (ed.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (2019), 59 (80); cf. in respect of the original …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 22 Material competence of the EPPO S. 144-171

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 b) Public official (Article 4(4) PIF-Directive …” „… Antunes and Fabio Giuffrida (eds.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office at Launch (2020), 23 (27 ff …” „… Katalin Ligeti, Maria João Antunes and Fabio Giuffrida (eds.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office at …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 42 Judicial review S. 400-441

„… Public Prosecutor’s Office and the fragmentation of defence rights’ in Katalin Ligeti, Maria João Antunes …” „… and Fabio Giuffrida (eds.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office at Launch (2020), 85 (88). 52 See …” „… also Thomas Wahl, ‘The European Public Prosecutor’s Office and the fragmentation of defence rights’ in …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 41 Scope of the rights of the suspects and accused persons S. 382-400

„… Herrnfeld, ‘The Draft Regulation on the Establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office – Issues of …” „… European Public Prosecutor’s Office (2018), 179 (184, 190 ff.). 2 ECJ, Case C-612/15, 5.6.2018, Kolev …” „… .), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office – Legal and Criminal Policy Perspective (2015), 234 (234 ff …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 101 Relations with OLAF S. 595-611

„… already Filippo Spiezia, ‘The European Public Prosecutor’s Office. How to Implement the Relations with …” „… European Public Prosecutor’s Office’ in Lorena Bachmaier Winter (ed.), The European Public Prosecutor’s …” „… (eds.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office. An Extended Arm or a Two-Headed Dragon? (2015), 21 (38 …”

Christoph Burchard Article 2 Definitions S. 11-17

„… European Public Prosecutor’s Office (‘the EPPO’) and sets out rules concerning its functioning. Analysis …” „… establish the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (as per the formal definition in Article 1: abbreviated as …” „… legal person, public authority, agency or other body which processes personal data on behalf of the …”

Christoph Burchard Article 5 Basic principles of the activities S. 20-32

„… Giuffrida, ‘The European Public Prosecutor’s Office and Human Rights’ in Willem Geelhoed, Leendert Erkelens …” „… and Arjen Meij (eds.), Shifting Perspectives on the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (2018), 59 (65 …” „… , bodies, offices and agencies of the Union”. In effect, this means that all public authority, as it is …”

Christoph Burchard Article 13 The European Delegated Prosecutors S. 98-104

„… under the exclusive authority of the European Public Prosecutor and follow his/her guidelines and …” „… dismissal, European Delegated Prosecutors have to be active members of the public prosecution service or …” „… Delegated Prosecutor acting as such solely wields European public authority – i.e. he/she only wears the …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 7 Reporting S. 37-41

„… public, Article 7 sets out general reporting obligations. These obligations concern the EPPO’s operation …” „… regulate the EPPO’s accountability, see Marianne L. Wade, ‘The European Public Prosecutor: Controversy …” „… . Fundamental Rights, Transnational Proceedings and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (2019), 165 (178 f …”

Christoph Burchard Article 14 Appointment and dismissal of the European Chief Prosecutor S. 104-115

„… among candidates: (a) who are active members of the public prosecution service or judiciary of the …” „… Public Prosecutor should ensure his/her independence and his/her legitimacy should be drawn from Union …” „… institutions. The Deputies of the European Public Prosecutor should be appointed by the same procedure. 1 On an …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 43 Access to information by the EPPO S. 441-443

„… investigation and law enforcement databases, as well as other relevant registers of public authorities, under …” „… law in similar cases. The same applies to information stored in “other relevant registers of public …” „… all types of registers kept by public authorities of the Member States. The provision of paragraph 1 …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 109 Transparency S. 650-652

„… law, Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001, on public access to documents to be applicable, though only in …” „… ) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to …” „… reference).1 Of particular importance for the EPPO are the exceptions of “public security” (Article 4(1)(a …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 25 Exercise of the competence of the EPPO S. 195-213

„… Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final …” „… ?’ in Petter Asp (ed.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office: legal and criminal policy perspectives …” „… to exercise its right of evocation. 10 Helmut Satzger, ‘The Future European Public Prosecutor and the …”

DIRECTIVE (EU) 2017/1371 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL S. 771-798

„… connection with the public contracts determined by Article 101(1) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 of …” „… linked to fraudulent conduct. Since all public officials have a duty to exercise judgment or discretion …” „… impartially, the giving of bribes in order to influence a public official's judgment or discretion and the …”

Christoph Burchard Article 119 Review clause S. 672-676

„… this Regulation [(EU) 2018/1725] to […] the European Public Prosecutor’s Office” (Article 98(2 …” „… and to national parliaments. The findings of the evaluation shall be made public. 2. The Commission …” „… extending the competence of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office to other criminal offences in accordance …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 40 Simplified prosecution procedures S. 371-382

„… , ‘Transactions and “Simplified Procedures” in the Framework of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office. A …” „… National Perspective’ in Lorena Bachmaier Winter (ed.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (2018), 165 …” „… public trial, reducing the voluntariness of their choice.6 As underlined by the reference to Article 35(1 …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 108 Confidentiality and professional secrecy S. 648-650

„… information has already lawfully been made public. 5. Investigations carried out under the authority of the …” „… obligation to confidentiality does not extend to information which already has been lawfully made public …” „… official, staff member, etc. may lawfully make public (for instance in line with the provisions on …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 82 Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards S. 534-535

„… threat to public security of a Member State of the European Union or a third country or to essential …” „… immediate and serious threat to public security of a Member State of the European Union or a third country …” „… that fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject concerned override the public interest in the …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 118 Review of the rules relating to the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the EPPO S. 671-672

„… lists” – not necessarily the lists themselves – “is made public”, meaning that the general public should …” „… Chapter IX of this Regulation [(EU) 2018/1725] to […] the European Public Prosecutor’s Office” (Article …” „… to the Council and to national parliaments. The findings of the evaluation shall be made public. 2 …”

Christoph Burchard Article 33 Pre-trial arrest and cross-border surrender S. 303-309

„… Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor's Office - Orientation debate, 28.11.2014 …” „… the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor's Office – Orientation debate, 28.11.2014. 3 See …” „… Draft Art 28 in 11045/15, Proposal for a Regulation on the establishment of the European Public …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 83 Derogations for specific situations S. 535

„… subject; (c) for the prevention of an immediate and serious threat to public security of a Member State of …” „… concerned override the public interest in the transfer. 2. Where a transfer is based on paragraph 1, such a …” „… data subject concerned override the public interest necessitating the transfer in the case at hand; (c …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 117 Notifications S. 667-671

„… . The EPPO shall ensure that the information received through these lists is made public. Furthermore …” „… categories of authorities further defined in national law, such as “the public prosecutor’s offices”, or to …” „… ”) may refer to any public authority which is competent to assist the EPPO, even if this relates only to …”

Christoph Burchard Article 32 Enforcement of assigned measures S. 301-303

„… Member State, which do not have to enforce “foreign” acts of public authority in accordance with “foreign …” „… explicit exception to the aforementioned rule, and resurfaces a national (!) ordre public clause by …” „… apocryphal European (!) ordre public clause to Article 32 sentence 2 (expressly indicated formalities and …”

Christoph Burchard Article 9 The College S. 64-74

„… origin,123 the Union is capable of ensuring the independence of its (!) public servants (in extremo by …” „… , 9, 27; Council Document 15862/1/14 REV 1, 28.11.2014, 17; Fabio Giuffrida, ‘The European Public …” „… ); Ante Novokmet, ‘The European public prosecutor’s office and the judicial review of criminal prosecution …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 84 Transfers of operational personal data to recipients established in third countries S. 535-544

„… subject; (c) for the prevention of an immediate and serious threat to public security of a Member State of …” „… concerned override the public interest in the transfer. 2. Where a transfer is based on paragraph 1, such a …” „… data subject concerned override the public interest necessitating the transfer in the case at hand; (c …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 28 Conducting the investigation S. 246-261

„… Public Prosecutor” in the terminology of the Commission proposal) could leave that role to a responsible …” „… Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013 …” „… measures assigned to them”5. On the other hand, where the Chief Prosecutor (“European Public Prosecutor” in …”

COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2017/1939 S. 683-771

„… establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (‘the EPPO’) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having …” „… of freedom, security and justice. (2) The possibility of setting up the European Public Prosecutor’s …” „… for the dismissal of European Prosecutors. (19) The EPPO should issue a public Annual Report on its …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 27 Right of evocation S. 234-246

„… Commission’s approach2. 1 Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public …” „… Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013 …” „… exercising its 3. 7 Cf. e.g.: Helmut Satzger, ‘The Future European Public Prosecutor and the National …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 106 Legal status and operating conditions S. 644-646

„… grants the EPPO legal personality under civil law and public law, but not under public international law …” „… so provides, under public law,7 and can sue and be sued under its own name in court. Such legal …”

Christoph Burchard Article 17 Appointment and dismissal of the European Delegated Prosecutors S. 123-128

„… until dismissal, be active members of the public prosecution service or judiciary of the respective …” „… the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office – Council document 7877/1/15, 5.6.2015 …” „… public prosecution service or judiciary of the respective Member State which nominated them. – Firstly …”

Christoph Burchard Article 1 Subject matter S. 11

„… European Public Prosecutor’s Office (‘the EPPO’) and sets out rules concerning its functioning. Analysis …” „… establish the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (as per the formal definition in Article 1: abbreviated as …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 120 Entry into force S. 676-683

„… enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, OJ L 196, 2.8.2018, 1 …” „… enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor's Office, OJ L 201, 8.8.2018, 2 …” „… ) 2017/1939 of 12 October 2017 implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 96 General provisions S. 566-576

„… Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013 …” „… being of interest to the general public and thus are not published in the Official Journal.12 A register …” „… ), para. 37: “The fact that the privileges and immunities have been provided in the public interest of the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 58 Information to be made available or given to the data subject S. 492-495

„… criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties; (c) protect public security of the Member States …” „… democratic society”3 in order to protect certain public interest (points (a) to (d)) or the rights and …” „… Union”, whereas the corresponding points in case of Article 13(3) DPD simply refer to “public security …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 31 Cross-border investigations S. 282-301

„… (“European Public Prosecutor” in the terminology of the original Commission proposal) could carry out …” „… the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013. 3 Cf …” „… the EPPO Proceedings and Quest for Balance’ in: Lorena Bachmaier Winter (ed.), The European Public …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Introduction to Chapter VIII (Articles 47 to 89) S. 456-461

„… 61 of the Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s …” „… purpose of information exchange defined in Article 49(1)(b) or the protection of public security or …” „… processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or …”

Christoph Burchard Article 16 Appointment and dismissal of the European Prosecutors S. 117-123

„… European Prosecutor from among candidates: (a) who are active members of the public prosecution service or …” „… Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public …” „… of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (‘the EPPO’). 5 Council Implementing Decision (EU …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 47 Principles relating to processing of personal data S. 461-470

„… processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or …” „… solely for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or …” „… point (b) goes on clarifying that “further processing for archiving purposes in the public interest …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 99 Common provisions S. 579-583

„… . Espina Ramos, ‘The Relationship Between Eurojust and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office’ in Lorena …” „… Bachmaier Winter (ed.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (2018), 87 (90). Art. 99 CHAPTER X …” „… bodies” and extends to all organisations and their bodies set up or governed by public international law …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 97 Temporary agents and contract agents S. 576-577

„… ” presumably refers to such issues as hours of work, leave (vacation) and public holidays, regulated in …” „… establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013. 2 Article 66 of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 23 Territorial and personal competence of the EPPO S. 171-178

„… Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final …” „… Antunes and Fabio Giuffrida (eds.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office at Launch (2020), 57 (69 f …” „… the European Public Prosecutor’ in Leendert H. Erkelens and Arjen W.H. Meij and Marta Pwalik (eds …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 30 Investigation measures and other measures S. 268-282

„… (eds.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office. An Extended Arm or a Two-Headed Dragon? (2015), 121 …” „… (ed.), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office – Legal and Criminal Policy Perspective (2015), 210 …” „… Herrnfeld, ‘The Draft Regulation on the Establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office – Issues of …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 103 Relations with other institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union S. 616-621

„… also Pedro Pérez Enciso, ‘Exchange and Processing of Information Between the European Public …” „… European Public Prosecutor’s Office (2018), 275 ff. Art. 103 CHAPTER X PROVISIONS ON THE RELATIONS OF …” „… administrative or labour law, to address wrongdoing by a public servant or employee. D. Assessment While the …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 105 Relations with Member States of the European Union which do not participate in enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the EPPO S. 635-644

„… Relationship Between Eurojust and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office’ in Lorena Bachmaier Winter (ed …” „… .), The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (2018), 87 (91). 8 Though preferring Article 82(1) TFEU …” „… public law, but not under public international law.2 Compared to the original Commission proposal3, the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 65 Processor S. 510-512

„… “controller”3. As defined in Article 2 No. 14, the term “processor” means “a natural or legal person, public …” „… person, public authority etc, who was intended to be (merely) processor, now has full, own …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 98 Seconded national experts and other staff S. 577-579

„… staff employed by a na- 1 Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public …” „… Herrnfeld 577 1 1 2 tional, regional or local public administration or an IGO, who are seconded to the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 50 Time-limits for the storage of operational personal data S. 477-479

„… European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013, 29-41. 2 Regulation (EU) 2018/1727 of …” „… periods insofar as the personal data will be processed solely for archiving purposes in the public …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 90 Financial actors S. 550-553

„… European Public Prosecutor (in the terminology of the final text of the Regulation thus the European Chief …” „… on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013. 550 …” „… budget of the Union, subject to paragraphs 7 and 8; (b) charges for publications and any service provided …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 104 Relations with third countries and international organisations S. 621-635

„… 2) refer to measures, taken under administrative or labour law, to address wrongdoing by a public …” „… Elisa Sason, ‘The Establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office’ (2017) 12 eucrim, 125 (132 …” „… interpretation is likely in conflict with public international law, as it would unilaterally broaden the scope of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 46 Access to the case management system S. 453-456

„… Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013 …” „… Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM(2013) 534 final. 3 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 76 Authorised access to operational personal data within the EPPO S. 524-527

„… ; (c) it would involve a disproportionate effort. In such a case, there shall instead be a public …” „… criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, protecting public security, protecting national …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 89 Right to judicial review against the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 546-550

„… European Public Prosecutor (in the terminology of the final text of the Regulation thus the European Chief …” „… on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013. 550 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 35 Termination of the investigation S. 321-329

„… prosecute or to dismiss the case were to be taken by the “European Public Prosecutor” (a term used in the …” „… processes in re- 1 Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public …” „… 16 17 18 “European Public Prosecutor” in the terminology of the original Commission proposal). While …”

Christoph Burchard Article 12 The European Prosecutors S. 89-98

„… negotiations. While the original Commission proposal stipulated only one European Public Prosecutor, who was to …” „… a conflict between the public duties as an officer of the EPPO and any private interests of an …” „… benefits only as a member of the general public or of a broad class of persons.4 A “conflict of interest …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 24 Reporting, registration and verification of information S. 178-195

„… agencies of the Union” were to “immediately inform the European Public Prosecutor’s Office of any conduct …” „… Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final …” „… administrative authorities provide such information not directly to the EDP but to the police or a public …”

Christoph Burchard Article 18 Status of the Administrative Director S. 128-133

„… ), 6 f. 6 See generally Mark Bovens, ‘Public Accountability’ in Ewan Ferlie, Laurence E. Lynne Jr. and …” „… Christopher Pollitt (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Public Management (2007), 182 (184 f.) – With regard to EU …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 102 Relations with Europol S. 611-616

„… Europol has given its prior 9 Just see Fabio Giuffrida, ‘The European Public Prosecutor’s Office: King …” „… Public Prosecutor's Office’ in Valentina Bazzocchi (ed.), Protecting Fundamental and Procedural Rights …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 81 Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision S. 534

„… threat to public security of a Member State of the European Union or a third country or to essential …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 91 Budget S. 553-559

„… Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final …” „… – Accompanying the Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor …” „… entered in the general budget of the Union, subject to paragraphs 7 and 8; (b) charges for publications …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 49 Processing of operational personal data S. 471-477

„… the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM(2013) 534 final. Art. 49 CHAPTER VIII DATA PROTECTION …” „… European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013, 29-41. 2 Regulation (EU) 2018/1727 of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 80 General principles for transfers of operational personal data S. 533-534

„… public security of a Member State of the European Union or a third country or to essential interests of a …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 75 Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject S. 523-524

„… materialise; (c) it would involve a disproportionate effort. In such a case, there shall instead be a public …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 116 Urgency procedure S. 666-667

„… . The EPPO shall ensure that the information received through these lists is made public. Furthermore …” „… Commission thereof, the publication and the entering into force may be advanced (No. 19 Common Understanding …”

Christoph Burchard Article 3 Establishment S. 17-18

„… reads: ‘The task of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office shall be to combat criminal offences …”

Christoph Burchard Article 15 Appointment and dismissal of the Deputy European Chief Prosecutors S. 115-117

„… members of the public prosecution service or judiciary of the relevant Member State; (b) whose …” „… is an internal mode of self-governance, achieving external transparency, publicity and accountability …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 51 Distinction between different categories of data subjects S. 479-481

„… data will be processed solely for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 107 Language arrangements S. 646-648

„… information received by the EPPO, unless that information has already lawfully been made public. 5 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 60 Limitations of the right of access S. 497-499

„… criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties; (c) protect public security of the Member States …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 59 Right of access by the data subject S. 495-497

„… criminal penalties; (c) protect public security of the Member States of the European Union; (d) protect …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 56 Automated individual decision-making, including profiling S. 488-490

„… decision of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office is authorised by Union law, or, if necessary, by the …”

Christoph Burchard Article 4 Tasks S. 18-20

„… Proposal indeed generically reads: ‘The task of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office shall be to combat …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 53 Specific processing conditions S. 483-485

„… Commission proposal, Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 94 Presentation of accounts and discharge S. 563-565

„… Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 93 Implementation of the budget S. 561-563

„… Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 92 Establishment of the budget S. 559-561

„… Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 54 Transmission of operational personal data to institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union S. 485-487

„… proposal, Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office …”

Christoph Burchard Article 10 The Permanent Chambers S. 74-87

„… process (secret or public, possibility to transfer one’s vote to another member of the College etc.). Each …” „… or less) random external variables (e.g. the date and time 6 Fabio Giuffrida, ‘The European Public …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 44 Case management system S. 443-447

„… Public Prosecutor’s Office, COM (2013) 534 final, 17.7.2013, 29-41. 2 Cf. Articles 16 and 16 a of Council …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 61 Right to rectification or erasure of operational personal data and restriction of data processing S. 499-504

„… criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties; (c) protect public security of the Member States …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 21 Internal rules of procedure of the EPPO S. 138-144

„… (non-public) draft in January 20208 after consultation of the expert group set up in accordance with Article …” „… the Council) nor publication, though publication on the EPPO’s website as well as in the Official …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 115 Exercise of the delegation S. 663-666

„… effect on the day following the date of publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the …” „… effective after publication in the Official Journal of the EU (Series L), and does not affect the validity …” „… decision) that they will not object and informed the Commission thereof, the publication and the entering …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 114 Implementing rules and programme documents S. 661-663

„… specified in that decision. It shall take effect on the day following the date of publication of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845290768

Christos Gortsos - Fundamentals of Public International Financial Law

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Christos Gortsos

Fundamentals of Public International Financial Law

Series: Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft

Volume 89 2012

Results in this title

The future of public international financial law S. 286-290

„… ? theeventuality?of?future?crises?of?the?magnitude?and?extent?that?we?are?experiencing?today,and?not?to?eliminate?financial?crises?completely.The future of public international financial …”

Definition, delimitation and branches of public international financial law S. 107-118

„… :• public?international?banking?law?(see?under?3.2?below),• public?international?capital?markets?law?(under?3.3 …” „… ),• public?international?insurance?law?(under?3.4),• public?international?financial?conglomerates?law?(under?3.5),3.3.1273 …” „… • public?international?payment?and?settlement?systems?law?(under?3.6),• public?international?financial?services?consumer?law?(under?3.7),?and …”

The main sources of public international financial law S. 197-212

„… CHAPTER?THREETHE?SOURCES?OF?PUBLIC?INTERNATIONALBANKING?LAWAN?OVERVIEW?OF?THE?SOURCES?OF?PUBLICINTERNATIONAL …” „… ,• public?availability?of?information?with?respect?to?the?(past,?current?and?projected)fiscal?activity?and?major?fiscal?risks,?and …” „… ?FINANCIAL?LAWThe main sources of public international financial …”

The historical evolution of the institutions of public international financial law S. 118-131

„… Public?international?law?on?combating?the?use?of?the?financial?system?for?thecommitment?of?economic?crimesThe?public?international?law?on?combating?the?use?of?the?financial?system?for?the?commitment?of?economic?crimes?is?the?branch?of?international?financ …” „… of public international financial lawIntroductory?remarksThe?environment?until?1?71Until?1?71 …” „… riods?for?the?formation?of?public?international?financial?lawThe?two?main?characteristics?of?the?evolution?of?public?international?financial?law?arethat?it?was:• gradual,?occurring?in?relatively?modest?steps?since?1?71,?and …”

The four levels of the making and enforcement of public international financial law S. 131-160

„… ?this?latter?aspectthat?the?author?will?now?turn?his?attention,?in?subsection?C?below.The four levels of the making and enforcement of public international financial …” „… lawIntroductionIn?subsection?B?we?examined?the?gradual?evolution?of?public …” „… ?international?financiallaw?in?the?course?of?the?last?four?decades.?We?identified?the?existence?of?several?international?fora,?which?along?with?certain?inter-governmental?fora?and?a?limited?numberof?international?organisations?are?the?main?actors?in?the?process?of?making?and?enforcing?the?rules?of?public …”

Table of Contents S. 9-22

„… Public?international?capital?markets?law3.3 115Public?international?insurance?law3.4 116Public?international?financial?conglomerates?law3.5 …” „… Branches?of?public?international?financial?law3. 113Introduction3.1 113Public?international?banking?law3.2 114 …” „… 116Public?international?payment?and?settlement?systems?law3.6 117 …”

INTRODUCTION S. 25-28

„… INTRODUCTIONThis?study?aims?at?introducing?its?readers?into?public …” „… ?and?is?still?evolving?rapidly.?Public?internationalbanking?law?is?discussed?within?the?context?of?public …” „… ?international?financial?law,?sinceit?constitutes?one?of?its?branches?(and?potentially?its?most?significant).?Accordingly,there? are? several? references? to? public? international? financial? law …”

Extent and scope of adequate regulatory intervention in the financial system S. 282-286

„… )?Public?choice?theory?is?important?in?the?framework?of?this?discussion?from?anotherperspective?too,?namely?the?actual?conditions?under?which?political?decisions?are?taken.Contrary?to?the?above-mentioned?(and?prevailing)?approach?that?regulator …” „… systemIntroductory?remarksThe? current? political,? academic? and,?more? generally,? public? debate? focuses? on …” „… ? thereadjustment?of?the?applicable?public?financial? law?at …”

Foreword S. 7-8

„… ForewordThis?book?aims?to?offer?an?integral?overview?of?public …” „… ?international?banking?law,?aspart?of?the?system?of?international?financial?law,?which?is?one?of?the?three?(3)?branchesof?public?international?economic?law?–?alongside?with?public …” „… ?international?monetarylaw.?This?branch?of?public?international?economic?law?has?developed?gradually?overthe?course?of?just?the?last?thirty?years?and?has?been?further?evolving?following?the?recent(2007-200?)?international?financial?crisis,?which,?inter …”

The international fora adopting international financial standards and the Committee on the Global Financial System S. 160-175

„… Public?international?financial?conglomerates?law:?the?Joint?ForumEstablishment,?seat?and?membershipThe?Joint?Forum,?initially?known?as?‘Joint?Forum?on?Financial?Conglomerates’,?wasset?up?in?1??6?as?a?successor?to?the?‘Tripartite?Group’462 …” „… ?Public?international?payment?systems?law:?the?Committee?on?Payment?andSettlement?SystemsEstablishment,?seat?and?membershipThe?Committee?on?Payment?and?Settlement?Systems?(hereinafter?‘CPSS’)?was?set?upin?1??0?by?the?G10 …” „… Public?international?law?on?combating?the?use?of?the?financial?system?for?thecommitment?of?economic?crimes:?the?Financial?Action?Task?ForceEstablishment,?seat?and?membershipThe?Financial?Action?Task?Force?(hereinafter?‘FATF’)?was?founded?in?1???,?on?theinitiative?of?the?G7 …”

The functions of the financial system S. 29-44

„… Traditionally,?stock?exchanges?were?either?bodies?managed?by?their?members?(‘mutualisation’)or?legal?persons?of?public?law.?Currently,?as?a?rule,?they?are?being?managed?and?operated?by?publiclimited …” „… CHAPTER?ONEREGULATORY?INTERVENTION?IN?THEFINANCIAL?SYSTEM?AS?THE?BASIS?FOR?THERULES?OF?PUBLIC …” „… • ‘negative?savers’?shall?mean?the?economic?units?that?seek?either?borrowed?fundsto?meet?their?investment,?mortgage?or?consumer?needs?or?(in?the?case?of?enterpriseswith?the? legal?form?of?a?public …”

Classification of services provided in the financial system S. 49-57

„… /barnier/headlines/news/2012/01/20120116.?1 Public?Law?111-203,?124?Stat.?1376-2223.?2 …” „… )):(a)?The?category?of?services?to?positive?savers?includes?taking?deposits?or?other?repayable?funds?from?the?public,?a?service?that?(according?to?EU?banking?law,?1?and?thelaw?of?most?states? in …” „… sits?or?other?repayable?funds?fromthe?public?and?granting?credit?for?its?own?account?cumulatively?form?the?basis?for?an?undertakingto?be?designated?as?a?'credit?institution'.?3 See?on?this?Gortsos?(2012b),?Chapters?2?and?3.?4 See?below?the?Excursus?of?this?Section.?5 …”

Titelei S. 2-6

„… WeitzelBUT_Gortsos_7180-9_HC.indd 2 20.07.12 09:33Prof. Dr. Christos GortsosFundamentals of Public International …” „… Financial LawInternational Banking Law within the system of Public International Financial …” „… Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is …”

International supervisory and regulatory developments after the recent (2007-2009) international financial crisis: the contribution of the G20 and the Financial Stability Board (FSB) S. 212-226

„… ?Leaders?agreed?to?take?action?against?non-cooperative?states,?includingtax?havens.?As?mentioned?in?the?G20?Leaders?Statement:?“We stand ready to deploysanctions to protect our public finances and …” „… (a)?In?order?to?protect?public …” „… ? risks,?apply?corrective?measures,?such?as?higher?capitalrequirements,?to?those?firms?that?fail?to?implement?sound?compensation?policies?andpractices.?Supervisors?should?have?the?ability?to?modify?terms?governing?compensationpolicies,?in?the?case?of?firms?that?either?fail,?or?require?extraordinary?public?intervention.The?G20 …”

Introductory remarks S. 59-77

„… ),?mainly?on?account?of?different?policy?objectives.102The following analysis is based on the ‘public interest approach’ to regulatory intervention …” „… :• the ‘public choice theory approach’, according to which regulation is the outcomeof efforts by …” „… • in?government?(short-term?and?long-term)?bonds,?thus?ensuring?the?subsidisedfinancing?of?public …”

Excursus: Groups of financial firms S. 57-59

„… ),?mainly?on?account?of?different?policy?objectives.102The following analysis is based on the ‘public interest approach’ to regulatory intervention …” „… :• the ‘public choice theory approach’, according to which regulation is the outcomeof efforts by …”

More specifically: instruments to achieve the policy objective of ensuring banking stability: the ‘bank safety net’ S. 77-106

„… (d)?From?the?perspective?of?public?policy,?the?most?serious?consequence?of?informationasymmetries?in?banking?is?that?depositors?are?tempted?to?participate?in?banking?panics.1 …” „… lso?protective?(or?‘crisismanagement’)?policies.Public …” „… ganisation?measures?for?failingbanks.?Supervisory?authorities?can?prevent?an?unviable?bank?from?becoming?insolventto?the?detriment?of?its?depositors?and?public?confidence?in?the?financial?system,?byrestructuring?it.22??The?means?to?this?end?include …”

SECONDARY SOURCES S. 291-314

„… System,?VoxEU.org,?NovemberEichengreen,?B.,?Feldmann,?R.,?Liebman,?J.,?von?Jürgen,?H.?and?Ch.?Wyplosz?(2011):?PublicDebts:?Nuts,?Bolts?and?Worries,?Geneva?Report?on?the?World?Economy?13 …” „… ):?The?Role?of?Public?Policy?in?Ensuring?Financial?Stability:A?Cross-country,?Comparative?Perspective,?in?R.?Portes?and?A.K.?Swoboda?(editors):?Threats toInternational Financial Stability,?Cambridge?University?Press,?Cambridge,?pp.?67-?0 …” „… a):?Central?banks?and?the?financial?turmoil,?Speech?at?eleventh?AnnualInternational?Banking?Conference?on?Credit market Turmoil in 2007-2008: Implications for thePublic …”

Current supervisory and regulatory developments at international level: the Progress Report of the Financial Stability Board S. 226-238

„… (ETFs)”?.?Transparency?requirementsfor?public?offerings?and?assetbacked?securitiesIOSCONational?states/authorities200? IOSCO?“Disclosure Principles for Public Offerings andListings of Asset-Backed …” „… InformationExchange”237THE?MAIN?SOURCES?OF?PUBLICINTERNATIONAL?BANKING?LAWThe regulatory framework of the Basel …”

The regulatory framework of the Basel Committee on the micro-prudential and macro-prudential regulation of international banks S. 248-282

„… cense?to?accept?deposits?fromthe?public?(they?were?not?‘depository?institutions’?according?to?United?States?law)?and?were?notsubject?to?binding?rules?regarding?their?capital?adequacy.?On?this,?see?Posner?(2010),?pp.?55-60,and?Tirole?(2010),?pp.?24-26.Here …” „… bove-mentioned?micro-prudential?rules,?although?many?states?have?already?adopted?relevant?provisions?in?their?domestic?legislation.(b)?The?second?factor?concerns?macro-prudential?rules,?most?of?which?are?introducedfor?the?first?time?in?public?international?financial?law,?without?any?prior?experience?oftheir?implementation?at?national?level.The …”

TABLES INCLUDED IN THE TEXT S. 23-24

„… Standing?Committees?and?Working?Groups?of?theFinancial?Stability?Board 14?Table?? Institutions?of?public?international?financial?law 157Table …” „… The?four?levels?of?the?making?and?enforcement?of?publicinternational?and?European?financial?law:?a?comparativeview 15?Table?11 International?for?a?(in?chronological?orderof?establishment) 174Table?12 …”

The infrastructures of the financial system S. 44-49

„… ? thebeneficiary?(e.g.?single?or?standing?direct?debit?order?for?the?payment?of?public?utility?bills).(b)?In?the?second?case,?the?payer?authorises?his/her?bank.5 …”

In detail: the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision S. 175-196

„… ) the?provision?of?information?by?banks?to?supervisory?authorities?and?the?dissemination?of?information?by?banks?to?the?public,(v) core?principles?of?banking?supervision?and?regulation,(vi …” „… sources of public international banking …” „… ctiveThe?reports?of?the?Basel?CommitteeThe?main?instrument?for?achieving?the?principal?objective?of?the?Basel?Committee?isthe?publication?of?reports?containing?international?banking?standards.?From?a?systematic?point?of?view,527?various?reports?have?been?published?between?1?74?and?May?2012 …”

The regulatory framework of the Basel Committee on the exercise of micro-prudential supervision to international banks and on the cross-border cooperation between supervisory authorities S. 238-248

„… THE?MAIN?SOURCES?OF?PUBLICINTERNATIONAL?BANKING?LAWThe regulatory framework of the Basel Committee …”

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Helmut Kammerzelt, Bernhard Kurmpel - Spezialgebiete der Public Relations - Teil II

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Helmut Kammerzelt (ed.), Bernhard Kurmpel (ed.)

Spezialgebiete der Public Relations - Teil II

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Lisa Koschitz, Julia Reischütz, Cornelia Ecker Public Affairs S. 87-110

„… Public-Affairs-Management geht es vor allem um den Aufbau und die Pflege der Beziehungen mit Schlüsselgruppen, wie zum …” „… Public-Affairs-Vereinigung, von rund 2.000 Personen in Österreich, die täglich Lobbying betreiben, nur rund 650–700 Personen …” „… . Weiters existieren in Brüssel etwa 150 Public-Affairs-Agenturen.95 Lobbyismus kann auch als notwendige …”

Julia Neuhold, Isabell Steiner, Julia Rajsp, Christina Grünstäudl PR in Kriegsgebieten S. 111-138

„… Public-Relations-Agenturen in Kriegsgebieten arbeiten oftmals mit Formen der Zuspitzung und dem gesteuerten Zugang zu …” „… Definition und Abgrenzung von Public Relations in Krisen- und Kriegsgebieten Der Begriff Public Relations …” „… Gruppen des Konflikts klar identifizieren lassen.5 Public Relations in Kriegsgebieten Der Begriff Public …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-7

„… Spezialgebiete der Public Relations – Teil II Helmut Kammerzelt | Bernhard Krumpel [Hrsg …” „… .] Spezialgebiete der Public Relations – Teil II Helmut Kammerzelt | Bernhard Krumpel [Hrsg.] BUT_Kammerzelt …” „… nicht zu Herzen genommen. Im Gegenteil: Mit diesem Buch „Spezialgebiete der Public Relations, Teil 2 …”

Nadine Klemisch, Lukas Klinser, Martina Weisel PR-Erfolgskontrolle S. 139-172

„… Public-Relations-Arbeit braucht konkrete Zielsetzungen, anhand derer der Erfolg gemessen wird. Öffentlichkeitsarbeit …” „… theoretischen Bezugsrahmen für die Lenkung und Bewertung von Public-Relations-Arbeit bildet das im Unternehmen …” „… PR-Erfolgskontrolle „Public Relations is both a professional practice and an academic field.“ (Carl H. Botan and …”

Claudia Mann, Lisa Fiegl, Anna Neubacher, Isabel Matky Interne Kommunikation S. 35-60

„… daher verschiedene Unternehmensbereiche, wie beispielsweise Human Resources, Marketing und Public …” „… Marketing, Public Relations und Human Resources. Es richtet sich einerseits an potenzielle Mitarbeiter …” „… Bereich Human Resources mit den Bereichen Marketing und Public Relations abstimmt, um eine einheitliche …”

Daniel Handl, Thomas Petroczi, Valerie Klimek, Magdalena Fürst, Sophie Hlinka Dirty Campaigning S. 9-34

„… Public-Relations-Strategie aber keine wesentliche Rolle. Wenn man sich in einer exponierten Position befindet, zum Beispiel …” „… ): Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Parlamente. Politikvermittlung zwischen Public Relations und Parlamentsdidaktik, Deutschland …”

Lukas Klinser, Viktoria Pöhacker, Tobias Zehentner Corporate Publishing S. 61-86

„… Kommunikationsinstrumente: • Mediawerbung, • Verkaufsförderung, • Direct Marketing, • Public Relations, • Sponsoring …” „… , depak Presseakademie Berlin. DOYLE, David (2008): Warman’s John Deere Collectibles. Krause Publications …”

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