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Dominik Kneer - Investitionsschutz und Menschenrechte

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Dominik Kneer

Investitionsschutz und Menschenrechte

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht

Volume 9 2013

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„Investment protection is human rights protection.“ S. 23

„… „Investment protection is human rights protection.“ Vertreter eines transnationalen Unternehmens …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 325-344

„… Relationship between Investment Protection andHuman Rights, Journal of World Investment & Trade, Vol. 11 (2010 …” „… : „Water, Right to, International Protection”, in R. Wolfrum (Hrsg.),MPEPIL, Oxford University Press, 2008 …” „… International Protection of Human Rights, in J. Jekewitz u.a. (Hrsg.), Des Menschen Recht zwischenFreiheit und …”

Auswirkung auf die Ausübung diplomatischen Schutzes S. 47-76

„… : http://www.un.org/ga/search/symbol.shtml.132 R. Abraham (Frankreich): „The exercise of diplomatic protection was a right ofthe State. To …” „… . Erasmus/L. Davidson, Do South Africans havea right to diplomatic protection?, South African Yearbook of …” „… consular protection, resort to internationalhuman rights treaties mechanisms, criminal prosecution or …”

Rechtfertigende Pflichtenkollision S. 206-211

„… Treaties on Human Rights Enforcement and Realization, in O. De Schutter (Hrsg.), Transnational Corporations …” „… andHuman Rights, 2006, S. 73, 93: „These provisions [gemeint ist das Entschädigungserfordernis als …” „… Voraussetzung einer rechtmäßigen Enteignung] can preventhost States from enforcing human rights norms against …”

Auswirkung auf einzelne investitionsrechtliche Schutzstandards S. 259-294

„… their human rights obligations and atthe same time to afford protection of legitimate expectation of the …” „… Pipeline Project C. Meckenstock, Investment Protection and Human Rights Regulation, 2010, S. 149 ff.; T …” „… RightsNorms, in P. Dupuy/ F. Francioni/E. Petersmann (Hrsg.), Human Rights in International Investment Law and …”

Konfliktkonstellationen S. 165-206

„… International Investment Protection and Human Rights, in A. Reinisch/U. Kriebaum (Hrsg.), TheLaw of …” „… Interface between International Investment Protection and Human Rights, in A. Reinisch/U. Kriebaum (Hrsg …” „… .560 African Commission on Human and Peoples? Rights, Centre for Minority RightsDevelopment (Kenya) and …”

Öffnungsklauseln S. 305-314

„… , 2008, S. 39; C. Meckenstock, Investment Protection and Human RightsRegulation, 2010, S. 142.IV …” „… recognised labour rights;Reaffirming their commitment to democracy, the rule of law, human rightsand …” „… . Meckenstock, Investment Protection and Human Rights Regulation, 2010, S. 131 f.1000 Hervorhebung im Original …”

Einzelne Initiativen zur Unternehmensverantwortlichkeit S. 112-123

„… andHuman Rights, 2006, S. 73 ff.; T. Weiler, Balancing Human Rights and InvestorProtection: A New Approach …” „… the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, UN-Dokument E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/12/Rev. 2 vom 26. August …” „… Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Fn. 366 ,para. 15.368 Sub-Commission on the Promotion and …”

Osmotische Vernetzung von Investitionsschutz und Menschenrechten S. 211-232

„… Enteignung oder der Nationalia)674 Dazu auch T. Nelson, Human Rights Law and BIT Protection: Areas of …” „… Investment Protection and Human Rights, in A. Reinisch/U. Kriebaum (Hrsg.), TheLaw of International Relations …” „… dasVerhältnismäßigkeitsgebot) is used by the European Court of Human Rights…and it may be questioned whether it is a viable …”

Gewohnheitsrechtlicher Investorenschutz S. 24-35

„… völkerrechtswidrigen Akt gegenüber dem Frem-A.I.27 C. Amerasinghe, Diplomatic Protection, 2008, S. 76.24den;28 jedoch …” „… society, which is protection.“(Hervorhebung vom Verfasser).29 K. Doehring, Völkerrecht, 2004, § 18, Rn …” „… Law and Human Rights Law, in P. Dupuy/F. Francioni/E. Petersmann (Hrsg.), Human Rights in …”

Regionale Menschenrechtsschutzabkommen S. 94-108

„… Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, einedeutsche Fassung ist abgedruckt in BGBl. 2002 II S …” „… Standards,EuGRZ, 1988, S. 333, 335.272 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental …” „… consequently, the system for the protection of human rights in this hemisphere is limited to the protection of …”

Menschenrechtliche Schutzalternative für Investoren? S. 108-111

„… measures to promote other social values, such as health and environmental protection, or human rights …” „… Reference for the Establishment of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights(AICOHR), ILM, 48 …” „… . (Hrsg.), Human Rights,Democracy and the Rule of Law, Liber amicorum Luzius Wildhaber, 2007,S. 743 …”

Einleitung S. 15-22

„… Rights and InvestorProtection: A New Approach for a Different Legal Order, TDM, 1 (2004), S. 1 ff.;P …” „… human rights,without fear of foreign investor challenge, which can take place under bindinginternational …” „… Menschenrechtsschutz im Einzelnen13 Zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte ausführlich: C. Tomuschat, Human Rights,2003, S …”

Investor als Menschenrechtsinhaber S. 80-89

„… fundamental human rights.This Tribunal’s competence is limited to commercial disputes arising under acontract …” „… Angaben zum Sachverhalt auf L. Peterson, Human Rights and Bilateral Investment Treaties, 2009, S. 18 f.221 …” „… of matters covered by this Agreement.”.222 C. Reiner/C. Schreuer, Human Rights and International …”

Erweiterung des gewohnheitsrechtlichen Mindeststandards S. 35-47

„… gewohnheitsrechtlichen Investorenschutzes35„Since World War II, the rise of a body of international human rights law …” „… historically concerned the status of thealien in general, applying to such diverse areas as procedural rights …” „… in criminallaw, rights before tribunals in general, rights in matters of civil law, and rights …”

Menschenrechtsbindung des Investors im Investitionsschutz S. 144-157

„… ofInvestment Protection, in A. Reinisch (Hrsg.), Standards of Investment Protection, 2008, S. 9, 16 ff.450 C …” „… cooperation through the protection in its territory ofinvestments of nationals of the other Contracting Party …” „… . Subject to its right toexercise powers conferred by its laws or regulations, each Contracting Partyshall …”

Harmonisierende Auslegung S. 232-259

„… Protection and International Human Rights: First Stepstowards a Methodology, in C. Binder/U. Kriebaum/A …” „… states under the European Convention on Human Rights; again, states have to defray their own legal …” „… Investment Agreements and Human Rights, INEF Research Paper Series on Human Rights, Corporate Responsibility …”

Normkonflikte zwischen Investitions- und Menschenrechtsschutz S. 157-165

„… diesem Sinne gerechtfertigt.II.486 Dazu oben bei B.I. sowie auch C. Reiner/C. Schreuer, Human Rights and …” „… International Investment Arbitration, in P. Dupuy/F. Francioni/E. Petersmann (Hrsg.),Human Rights in …” „… Treaties on Human Rights Enforcement and Realization, in O. De Schutter (Hrsg.), Transnational Corporations …”

Vertraglicher Investorenschutz S. 76-80

„… protection of a collective interest of the group“.204Die Erweiterung gegenüber dem Kern an fundamentalen …” „… . DazuC. Tomuschat, Human Rights, 2003, S. 224.A. Verstärkung des Investitionsschutzes durch …” „… International Investment Law, 2012, S. 130 ff.; A. Reinisch (Hrsg.), Standards of InvestmentProtection, 2008, S …”

Internationale Menschenrechtsschutzabkommen S. 89-94

„… . Dies wird insbesondere an Schutzstandards wiedem fair and equitable treatment sowie full protection and …” „… . Tomuschat, Human Rights, 2003, S. 22 f.; M. Nowak, Einführung in das internationale Menschenrechtssystem …” „… Staaten verstanden werden. Der Wortlaut des Art. 17 AEMR lautet:„1. Everyone has the right to own property …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246673

Stefan Lorenzmeier, Hans-Peter Folz - Recht und Realität

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Stefan Lorenzmeier (ed.), Hans-Peter Folz (ed.)

Recht und Realität

2017

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Hans Petter Graver The EEA and the protection of Human Rights S. 294-308

„… The EEA and the protection of Human Rights Hans Petter Graver Introduction The legal protection of …” „… operates and works. I. II. 1 Voermans, Protection of European human rights by highest courts in Europe, in …” „… : Popelier/Van de Heyning/Van Nuffel (eds.), Human rights protection in the European legal order: The interaction …”

Daniel Engel State Responsibility under the European Convention on Human Rights for Acts of International Organizations in light of the Grand Chamber's Al-Dulimi Judgment S. 57-88

„… . 1 Human rights protection in the European multi-level system has been a major focus of research of …” „… fundamental rights protection which could be considered equivalent to that of the Convention.10 Most …” „… ensure that the international organization itself guarantees a protection of individual rights on a level …”

Robert E. Lutz, Aliona Cara Rusnac Educating the Transnational Lawyer (in the United States and Abroad) S. 511-535

„… explosions of new rights, institutions and processes associated with globalization,3 legal I. 1 Prof. Lutz is …” „… protections related to the transnational transaction of goods and services. Developments in this direction are …” „… dispute-resolution—“international/regional” courts –are available for human rights, international criminal, trade and investment abuses.9 …”

Finn Arnesen Homogeneity and Disparity S. 257-266

„… part, to have been rejected. Consequently, an unequal level of protection of the right to free movement …” „… whether an EFTA/EEA Citizen could claim rights under directive 2004/38/EC vis á vis the home state. The …” „… case law of the ECJ is quite clear on this issue, the directive is not applicable. Rights against the …”

Michele A. R. Bernasconi, Mirjam Trunz Die Aktivlegitimation im Berufungsverfahren vor dem CAS S. 825-841

„… the autonomy of the association's legislator when developing the right to appeal is limited. It is …” „… undeniable that the association's legislator can extend the group of persons, who have a right to appeal …” „… that the association's legislator cannot make the group of persons, who have a right to appeal, smaller …”

Christian Rohde Filling gaps in international administrative law by international administrative tribunals S. 575-592

„… stipulate basic rights and obligations for staff members, such as the nature and duration of the appointment …” „… the relevant records, has the General Assembly the right on any grounds to refuse to give effect to an …” „… General Assembly did not have the right to refuse to give effect to an award. It confirmed that the UNAdT …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… – Ingerenzen – Bindungen 267 Ulrich Fastenrath The EEA and the protection of Human Rights 294 Hans Petter …” „… Rights for Acts of International Organizations in light of the Grand Chamber's Al-Dulimi Judgment 57 …”

Christoph Gusy, Johannes Eichenhofer Menschenwürde und Privatheitsschutz S. 132-157

„… Whitman, Yale Law Journal 2004, 1153,1161: „The core of continental privacy rights are rights to one’s …” „… linked forms of the same basic right: They are all rights to control your public image – rights to …” „… guarantee that people see you the way you want to be seen. They are … rights to be shielded against unwanted …”

Astrid Epiney Europäisches Daten- und Persönlichkeitsschutzrecht im Spiegel der Rechtsprechung des EuGH S. 89-111

„… Schweiz / La révision de la protection des données en Europe et la Suisse, Zürich 2016, 39 ff. S. auch die …” „… Europäisches Daten- und Persönlichkeitsschutzrecht 93 Vorratsdatenspeicherung (Rs. C-293/12, Digital Rights …” „… a) 11 EuGH, Rs. C-293/12 (Digital Rights Ireland), ECLI:EU:C:2014:238. 12 RL 2006/24/EG über die …”

Thilo Rensmann Die Internationalisierung von kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen als Herausforderung für das Wirtschaftsvölkerrecht S. 556-574

„… Report 2016, S. 17 f. 16 Addo, Business and Human Rights and the Challenges for Small and Medium- Sized …” „… Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 4.8.2011; siehe im Übrigen Gebert, Legal Protection for Small and Medium-Sized …”

Daniel-Erasmus Khan The International Ice Patrol S. 477-510

„… were entirely right so, that this le- 25 In the early 1880s already proposals were put before the ILA …” „… author, an argumentum a maiore ad minus is inadmissible, too: The undeniable right of the United States …” „… State the right to act in a discriminatory or selective manner. 92 In accordance with the pertinent …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845275406

Bernd Kannowski, Kerstin Steiner - Regional Human Rights

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Bernd Kannowski (ed.), Kerstin Steiner (ed.)

Regional Human Rights

2021

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Olivier Dubos, Victor Guset European Protection of Human Rights S. 163-200

„… European Protection of Human Rights Olivier Dubos and Victor Guset Introduction The history of the …” „… international protection of human rights in Europe is inseparable from its history at the universal level …” „… system of protection of human rights, combining national and international guarantees. The ECSC, the EEC …”

Carolina Olarte-Bácares Inter-American protection of economic actors’ human rights S. 67-96

„… Inter-American protection of economic actors’ human rights1 Carolina Olarte-Bácares Introduction to …” „… ), International Human Rights Law (2018), 425 (428). Inter-American protection of economic actors’ human rights 69 …” „… . (eds), International Human Rights Law (2018), 425 (428, 437). Inter-American protection of economic …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… at all is that the UDHR—which stands at the beginning of international protection of human rights—is …” „… human rights protection system in Africa.3 One simple reason why regional human rights protection exists …” „… development of human rights.9 Furthermore, regional human rights protection is highly significant in practice …”

Emma Henderson The Australian Human Rights Regime S. 125-162

„… gold-field’8 and it was clear that the right to equal protection would challenge such a law. Instead of equal …” „… protections within the Constitution. Since 1901, all efforts to include a Bill of Rights within the …” „… relation to race. 15 Williams, The Federal Parliament and the Protection of Human Rights (1999) Research …”

Bahame Tom Nyanduga The African Human Rights System: The challenge of Statehood and Human Rights S. 21-66

„… and protection of human rights on the continent in later years. Principle 3(2) of the Charter, on …” „… , the first instrument for Human Rights Protection in Africa The 1969 OAU Convention on addressing …” „… principle enshrined in the OAU Charter. In so doing the African States provided protection for the right to …”

Kerstin Steiner The Challenges for Human Rights in Asia: Islam and the Patchwork System for Freedom of Religion in Malaysia S. 97-124

„… Punishment; Convention on the Rights of the Child; International Convention on the Protection of the Rights …” „… .’ The next section will focus on these possibilities of human rights protection at sub-regional level …” „… while the Asia Pacific was ‘without a system of human rights protection’16. Still, progress has been …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748910251

Jörg Kleis - African Regional Community Courts and their Contribution to Continental Integration

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Jörg Kleis

African Regional Community Courts and their Contribution to Continental Integration

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 29 2016

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7 Integration through human rights protection S. 286-324

„… protection of human rights or at least human rights-related issues. This leads to the illustration of …” „… possibility of ‘human rights-resistant states’ lowering the standard for rights protection in the sub-regions …” „… Integration through human rights protection Introduction The finding that all three Courts have …”

Bibliography S. 373-392

„… 377 Ebobrah, Solomon T., ‘A rights-protection goldmine or a waiting volcanic eruption? Competence of …” „… ). Castigo Foquiço, Cláudio, ‘Trade Liberalisation and Human Rights Protection under the SADC’, Thesis …” „… Practices for the Protection of Human Rights’ (New York and Geneva: United Nations Publication, 2007 …”

5 Procedure of and before Regional Community Courts S. 156-227

„… West African States (Pretoria: University of Pretoria, 2009); Solomon T. Ebobrah, ‘A rights-protection …” „… to do with the urgency of human rights protection as such.34 Legally, the reason was that …” „… rationale behind sub-regional human rights protection. 5 Procedure of and before Regional Community Courts …”

6 Relational aspects of regional integration S. 228-285

„… right to equality before the law and the right to equal protection of the law, and, therefore, is …” „… Joseph Diescho (eds.), Human Rights in Africa: Legal Perspectives in their Protection and Promotion …” „… occupied with human rights-related applications, was left out in this comparative analysis, but follows a …”

9 Conclusion S. 356-372

„… addressing economic integration second. In any case, a fourth level of human rights protection – with all the …” „… transformations in good governance processes including the protection of human rights. The reason is that …” „… a different quality of applications, which feature mostly human rights-related needs of individuals …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-28

„… through human rights7.3.2 305 The rationale behind sub-regional human rights protection7.4 307 Challenges …” „… rights protection 7.4.1.1 310 The applicable human rights law7.4.1.2 311 Relational problems of a …” „… , Framework of the EAC Plan of Action on Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, based on the Council of …”

3 African Regional Community Courts S. 94-128

„… can protection of the universally accepted right of every litigant to a fair trial, be enforced. … [A …” „… legal action before native courts. Any community member can make use of the right to have his or her …” „… protection of private property. African law, just as much as, for instance English law, does aim at achieving …”

2 Regional integration in Africa S. 60-93

„… settlement of disputes … [and] the protection of human and peoples’ rights in accordance with the provisions …” „… purpose of assisting in the maintenance … of the community and the protection of the group against …” „… the introduction of the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Persons and the Right of Residence and …”

1 Introduction S. 29-59

„… rights18, while none of them exclusively focus on an examination of the Courts’ jurisprudence and their …” „… Judgment on protection from slavery: Slavery – positive obligations – nonapplicability of the rule of …” „… Völkerrecht 96 (2009), pp. 403-425. 18 See Solomon T. Ebobrah, ‘Human rights developments in sub-regional …”

8 Contempt of court – The problem of non-compliance S. 325-355

„… sovereignty to enter into an international agreement. The best protection for sovereign interests … is by …” „… meant here by the term “enforcement” is the right of a Regional Economic 8 8.1 1 Antonio Cassese …” „… The Gambia had severely violated an applicant’s human rights, the member state argued that the Court’s …”

4 Methodology S. 129-155

„… that ECOWASCJ cases mostly deal with human rights issues that generally entail complex matters with a …” „… violated in his rights: ‘From the foregoing, particularly, as regards the facts and arguments advanced by …” „… exploited economically by the Defendants? b. Have the Applicant's rights to equal work for equal salary been …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845275000

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Ulrich Beyerlin, Thilo Marauhn

International Environmental Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2011

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Environmental Protection and Human Rights S. 390-411

„… 391 Part VI: Other Areas of International LawEnvironmental Protection and Human Rights 26 …” „… Environmental Protection and Human Rights Due to the acknowledgement that law will never be enforced unless …” „… rights guarantees, and (ii) human rights organs provide in their case law for protection of ecological …”

Compliance Control S. 316-343

„… dential data (government and business), and the protection of individual rights of persons affected by …” „… of procedural principles. However, the following principles, serving the protection of the rights …” „… Development & International Law 349–367. D Hanschel, ‘Environment and Human Rights—Cooperative Means of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Rights 391 26.1 Environmental Human Rights Protection in General 391 26.2 Environmental Human Rights …” „… growing human rights dimension of international environmental law. This book is an ideal ‘door opener …” „… Ulrich Beyerlin and Thilo Marauhn have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act …”

Flora, Fauna and Biological Diversity S. 178-211

„… . This is particularly true for intellectual property rights and the protection of traditional knowledge …” „… ’, provides a higher protection of intellectual property rights (of industrialised countries) than paragraph …” „… has remained weak because it concentrates on the protection of intellectual property rights rather …”

From the Beginnings of International Environmental Law to the Stockholm Conference (1972) S. 2-7

„… equitably between them the usage rights for these watercourses and to agree on protection measures were …” „… ) 1.1 Early Stages and the Interwar Period Instruments of international law that focus on the protection …” „… fact that the UN Charter of 1945 made neither environmental protection nor the conservation of the …”

Freshwater Resources S. 86-115

„… freshwaters and their protection from the impact of that use has become one of the most pressing issues in …” „… Water (Wallingford/Cambridge 2007), 6; K Bourquain, Freshwater Access from a Human Rights Perspective …” „… : A Challenge to International Water and Human Rights Law (Leiden et al 2008) 3–5. 4 MA Giordano and …”

From Stockholm to the Rio Conference (1992) S. 8-13

„… the time was ripe for effective international environmental protection as the ability of science to …” „… effective techniques and technologies for environmental protection had been developed. According to the UN …” „… protection, held 5–15 June 1972 in Stockholm, are mainly refl ected in two legally non-binding documents: (i …”

Oceans and Marine Resources S. 116-145

„… environmental protection is a ‘package deal’ which provides a general framework of states’ rights and …” „… exclusive rights over as much of the maritime areas as possible, including their continental shelves. 2 In …” „… creeping extension of coastal states’ rights to the detriment of the global commons and the freedom of the …”

Index S. 448-453

„… 179, 194–195, 199–200, 200–201, 425, 430 Inter-American human rights protection; see American …” „… Desertifi cation 19–20, 68, 74–75, 180, 206–208, 262, 443 Human rights; see African Charter on Human and …” „… Peoples’ Rights Maputo Convention 28, 82, 208–209, 236 Southern African Development Community 89, 100 …”

From Rio to the Johannesburg Conference (2002) S. 14-23

„… poor said nothing. Indeed they paid for the development of the rich. Now the rich claim a right to …” „… protection as the second component fi nds expression in the rather cryptic attribute ‘sustainable’. However …” „… , that ‘sustainability’ relates to environmental protection follows from the genesis of the concept of …”

Environmental Protection and International Peace and Security S. 412-423

„… Protection and International Peace and Security 27.1 Peace, Security and the Environment: A Multifaceted …” „… obvious tension between the protection of the environment and armed confl ict. The parties to an armed …” „… Protection and Preservation of the Natural Environment’ (1997) 2 Journal of Confl ict and Security Law 45. 4 …”

Perspectives S. 440-447

„… V E S Whether human rights protection is a useful means to make international environmental …” „… protection more effi cient has been debated. There is a certain potential for international human rights law …” „… Stoutenburg, ‘Environment, International Protection’ in R Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public …”

Sustainable Development S. 74-85

„… Environment’ of 19712 pointed to the linkage of long-term development goals and environmental protection. In …” „… 11, fi rst emphasised that environmental protection and economic development must be understood as …” „… regarding environmental protection and development.8 At least since UNCED, the concept of sustainable …”

Procedural Environmental Obligations S. 228-241

„… access guarantees no substantive standard of environmental protection, and no procedural rights of any …” „… ’ environmental rights’,53 the Convention is designed ‘to contribute to the protection of the right of every …” „… any state whose environment or rights and interests are likely to be signifi cantly affected by it …”

Environmental Protection and International Economic Law S. 424-439

„… , ‘The Limits of International Trade: Workers’ Protection, the Environment and other Human Rights’ (2000 …” „… Protection and International Economic Law 28.1 Confl ict or Complementarity? Debates on the implementation …” „… protection on the other.1 Frequently, developing countries perceive international environmental obligations …”

Johannesburg and Beyond S. 24-31

„… of forests and related biodiversity, the current weakness of global environmental protection …” „… care, food security and the protection of biodiversity3 is worthy of being expressly mentioned here …” „… the environmental agenda.15 This shift from environmental protection to development at the …”

Customary International Environmental Law; Environmental Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes S. 282-289

„… sense, if the ICJ, once again in its judgment in the North Sea Continental Shelf cases, was right in …” „… international environmental protection ‘is analogous to the process in general international law’. A closer …” „… look at relevant international practice reveals that Dupuy is right to speak of the ‘banality of the …”

Compliance Assistance S. 344-359

„… protection of intellectual property rights is concerned, Article 16(2) CBD states that, so far as patents and …” „… property rights’. The following paragraphs 3, 4 and 5, however, demonstrate that the protection of …” „… Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution requires the ‘provision of technical and other …”

International Environmental Governance S. 242-265

„… Rights has built upon the protection of one’s home and privacy in order to establish a human rights …” „… protection and sustainable development alike? This chapter seeks to illustrate how it is possible to bridge …” „… . Moreover, in light of their considerable impact—both positive and negative—on environmental protection …”

Private Environmental Governance S. 300-315

„… reporting.40 There is, however, a new development in the fi eld of human rights protection to improve …” „… protection of the environment, IDI has broadly addressed the environment in one of its sessions (1997), and …” „… Compact which contains three principles for the protection of the environment. ISO, founded in 1946 as …”

Precautionary Action S. 48-57

„… evolution of PA started with the Swedish Environment Protection Act of 1969 which introduced the concept of …” „… ‘Loi Barnier’ only in 1995.5 In 1999, PA became part of the revised Canadian Environmental Protection …” „… references. 5 Loi Relative au Renforcement de la Protection de l’Environnement of 2 February 1995, Art 1(1)(3 …”

International Environmental Treaty-Making and Treaty Regime-Building S. 266-281

„… the protection of the marine environment and the conservation of marine living resources, states …” „… comprehensive rules system for the management and protection of the oceans and their living resources exists …” „… the pertinent regional treaty regimes on the marine environment. In the fi eld of nature protection …”

Air, Ozone, Climate and Outer Space S. 146-177

„… . Accordingly, with the 1985 Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Ozone Convention) the …” „… endeavours of states to establish an effective system of global environmental protection. This is all the …” „… subordinate their sovereign rights to fundamental state community interests. An MEA is rather ‘common …”

Environmental Dispute Settlement S. 378-389

„… of the Sea (ITLOS), the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the WTO dispute-settlement system …” „… facts.3 2 See T Stephens, International Courts and Environmental Protection (Cambridge 2009) 9 …” „… of MEAs (eg Art 11(4) and (5) of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Art …”

‘Key Concepts’: Meaning, Underlying Ideas and Classifi cation S. 32-39

„… ‘[t]he right to development must be fulfi lled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental …” „… Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously (London 1977). 5 The designation of international environmental law as a …” „… Wellmann, ‘Solidarity, the Individual and Human Rights’ (2000) 22 Human Rights Quarterly 639–57; R Wolfrum …”

Responsibility and Liability S. 360-377

„… rights have thereby been violated provided that such violation is attributable to the acting state. The …” „… Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes. In 2005, Annex …” „… VI to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty on Liability Arising from …”

‘No Harm’ S. 40-47

„… by stating that [u]nder the principles of international law . . . no state has the right to use or …” „… , as a correlate to states’ sovereign right to exploit their own natural resources. Moreover, ‘no harm …” „… abusive manner as a substratum of the doctrine of abuse of rights.10 ‘No harm’ is perhaps best …”

Wastes and Hazardous Substances S. 212-227

„… preamble, the sovereign right of states to ban the entry or disposal of foreign hazardous wastes and sub …” „… of transit may waive their right of prior written consent. In such a case, the exporting party may …” „… protection, improved sanitation, solid waste management, and economic and social development.41 This is very …”

Polluter Pays S. 58-61

„… Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North- 1 Recommendation C(72) 128 (1972). 2 …” „… legislation on environmental protection must apply the “polluter pays” principle, under which natural or …” „… , Taking Rights Seriously (London 1977) 26. Cf Chapter 5.3. 12 In this sense also Sands, above n 9, 280. 60 …”

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities S. 62-73

„… guarantees that all states parties have formally equal rights and obligations. The struggle of the newly …” „… burdens of environmental protection, just as it has enjoyed the benefi ts of economic and industrial …” „… protection policies and actions, and our wealth, technical expertise and capabilities.19 The U nited States …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265582

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