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Claudius Straub - Die Reduzierung der Verbandsgeldbuße im Bußgeldverfahren der BaFin
im Rahmen der Wertpapieraufsicht

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Claudius Straub

Die Reduzierung der Verbandsgeldbuße im Bußgeldverfahren der BaFin im Rahmen der Wertpapieraufsicht

Series: Schriften zu Compliance

Volume 20 2024

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§ 4 Deferred Prosecution Agreements S. 273-328

„… Operational Handbook – Deferred ProsecutionAgreements unter Statement of Facts.823 Section 45, Schedule 17 …” „… § 4 Deferred Prosecution AgreementsEine Bußgeldermäßigung für Unternehmen ist nach derzeitiger …” „… bieten.725 deferred prosecution agreements.273A. DPAs in den USAZunächst soll kurz darauf eingegangen …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 331-346

„… Criminal Settle‐ments: An Empirical Perspective on Non-Pros‐ecution, Deferred Prosecution, and Plea …” „… Bisgrove, MichaelWeekes, MarkDeferred Prosecution Agreements: A PracticalConsiderationCrim. L.R., 6 …” „… teleologischerReduktion in der zivilrechtlichen KlausurpraxisJuS 2016, 104–109Lawlor, David Corporate Deferred Prosecution …”

§ 1 Einführung S. 21-24

„… . Dabeihandelt es sich um sog. deferred prosecution agreements (DPA). In beidenLändern wird mittels DPAs versucht …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… Compliance-SystemenI. 267Die SettlementpraxisII. 269Deferred Prosecution Agreements§ 4 273DPAs in den USAA. 274 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748940869

Sebastian Buss - Staatsanwaltschaft und Crown Prosecution Service

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Sebastian Buss

Staatsanwaltschaft und Crown Prosecution Service

Series: Studien zum Strafrecht

Volume 43 2010

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 177-188

„… Ashworth, Andrew, The »Public Interest« Element in Prosecutions, in: CLR 1987, S. 595 ff. Ashworth, Andrew …” „… : Prosecution, Accountability and the Public Interest, in: CLR 1994, S. 894 ff. Association of Chief Police …” „… and Wales: Towards a Unified Prosecution System?, in: CLR 2004, S. 896 ff. Brüner, Franz-Hermann …”

Hierarchie und Kontrolle S. 30-32

„… ist der Director of Public Prosecutions.116 Ihm steht der Chief Executive zur Seite, der …” „… Glidewell eingeführt, damit sich der Director of Public Prosecutions stärker auf seine juristische Tätigkeit …” „… des ehemaligen Director of Public Prosecutions Sir Allan Green, KCB, QC. 110 Fn. 77 111 Schnell …”

Das Verwarnungsverfahren nach neuer Rechtslage S. 37-40

„… ) der Privatklage nicht im Wege steht.153 Der Director of Public Prosecutions hätte dann die Möglichkeit …” „… Director of Public Prosecutions das Recht, für die Polizei verbindliche Regelungen zu erlassen, vgl …” „… 10.05.2005: Police Caution »no barrier« to private prosecution. In dem dort geschilderten Fall hatten die …”

Strafverfolgung bis 1986 S. 21-22

„… 21 Erster Teil: Der Crown Prosecution Service 1. Geschichte des CPS Die heutige Stellung des CPS …” „… Prosecution Office (RCPO)52, oder das Sozialamt, das in Fällen von Sozialbetrug ermittelt.53 Alle anderen …” „… Prosecution of Offences Act von 1879, durch den das Amt des Director of Public Prosecutions geschaffen wurde …”

Rechtsprinzipien der Tätigkeit von Staatsanwaltschaft und CPS S. 101-111

„… zu Fall bringen, wenn sie nicht schon zuvor vom Director of Public Prosecutions übernommen wurde.520 …” „… alle Zustimmungserfordernisse des Director of Public Prosecutions durch jeden Prosecutor ausgeübt …” „… ; weitere Beispiele finden sich bei Sprack, Rn. 5.39. 522 Vgl. Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, Section 1 …”

Externe und interne Weisungsgebundenheit S. 99-101

„… dem erklärten Wunsch des Director of Public Prosecutions entsprechen.507 2.3 Externe und interne …” „… lasse, dass der Director of Public Prosecutions unmittelbar dem Attorney General unterstellt ist …” „… des Director of Public Prosecutions, dass dies kein Problem sei, da der Attorney General sich stets …”

Struktur von 1993 bis 1999 S. 29-30

„… : Schröder, a.a.O. 107 Vgl. Gandy, a.a.O., m.H. auf White Paper, Proposed Crown Prosecution Service. 108 …” „… ist der Director of Public Prosecutions.116 Ihm steht der Chief Executive zur Seite, der …” „… Glidewell eingeführt, damit sich der Director of Public Prosecutions stärker auf seine juristische Tätigkeit …”

Das Verwarnungsverfahren (Cautioning) S. 35-37

„… – verbindliche140 – Richtlinien des Director of Public Prosecutions in erheblichem Maße eingeschränkt worden …” „… « (Strafklageverbrauch) der Privatklage nicht im Wege steht.153 Der Director of Public Prosecutions hätte dann die …” „… Director of Public Prosecutions das Recht, für die Polizei verbindliche Regelungen zu erlassen, vgl …”

Organisation innerhalb eines Bezirks S. 32-33

„… Prosecutor dem Director of Public Prosecutions direkt untersteht und diesem auch Bericht erstatten muss. Es …” „… werden vom Director of Public Prosecutions förmlich ernannt131 und dürfen den Prosecutor bei bestimmten …” „… « genannt) wird auf Grundlage von Section 10 Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 vom Director of Public …”

Charging S. 40-46

„… Prosecutor können neben dem Director of Public Prosecutions (d.h. für die Praxis der CPS) auch noch weitere …” „… ) Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 172 Sanders, LS 1986, 257 173 Sprack, Rn. 3.10. Hiergegen bestehen aus …” „… Richtlinien177 des Director of Public Prosecutions, die dieser auf Grundlage von Section 37a Abs. 1 erlässt …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… , Universität BonnSebastian BussStaatsanwaltschaft und Crown Prosecution ServiceEin Vergleich der …” „… Prosecution Service nicht doch um vergleichbare Institutionen? Diesen Fragen geht die Arbeit auf den Grund …” „… , indem sie zunächst die Rollen von Staatsanwaltschaft und Crown Prosecution Service beschreibt, um sodann …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 11-14

„… . Command Paper (1956 – 1986) CPS Crown Prosecution Service Cr App Rep CSU Criminal Appeal Reports …” „… Public Prosecutions DRiZ Deutsche Richterzeitung Drucks. Drucksache EC European Commission ECHR European …” „… Queen’s Police Medal R Rex, Regina RCPO Revenue and Customs Prosecution Office RiStBV Richtlinien für das …”

Der »Full Code Test« S. 46-51

„… letzte Entscheidung bei diesem steht, vgl. Section 4.3: »The Crown Prosecution Service and the police …” „… should go ahead, rests with the Crown Prosecution Service«. Der Test selbst besteht aus zwei Stufen: die …” „… it never will be – that suspected criminal offences must automatically be the subject of prosecution …”

Der Ablauf der Hauptverhandlung nach einem »Not Guilty Plea« S. 69-77

„… , at the conclusion of the evidence for the prosecution, his legal representative informs the court …” „… evidence for the prosecution, satisfy itself (in the case of proceedings on indictment, in the presence of …” „… , seinen Fall (man spricht auch vom »Case of the Prosecution«) dem Gericht zu präsentieren. Dies ist keine …”

Geschichte der Polizei S. 22-23

„… of Public Prosecutions nur beratende Funktion hatte. Insgesamt erwies sich die Initiative als …” „… gerufen zu werden. Doch auch danach war der Director of Public Prosecutions nur eine Art Koordinator, der …” „… Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 die gesetzliche Grundlage für die Errichtung des CPS geschaffen. Dieser nahm …”

Rechtsbehelfe gegen Entscheidungen des Crown Court S. 78-86

„… . Darüber hinaus muss der Director of Public Prosecutions sein schriftliches Einverständnis erteilen, bevor …” „… Wiederaufnahmeantrag durch den Prosecutor ist allerdings auch hier die Zustimmung des Director of Public Prosecutions …” „… Tatbestandsvoraussetzung der »rechtskräftigen Aburteilung« subsumiert,439 wird der Director of Public Prosecutions seine …”

Entwicklung seit 1986 S. 26-28

„… dem Prosecution of Offences Act von 1985 noch möglich. Nach alldem kann man festhalten, dass bereits …” „… . »Beamtenmentalität«, Bürokratismus und Unfähigkeit vorgeworfen. 95 Review of the Crown Prosecution Service (1998 …” „… Ausschuss – die Police and Prosecution Authority – sollte für die Strafverfolgung in ihrem Bezirk sowie für …”

Die Doktrin der »Constabulary Independence« S. 33-35

„… « genannt) wird auf Grundlage von Section 10 Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 vom Director of Public …” „… Prosecutions erstellt und regelmäßig überarbeitet. Er ist als Richtlinie nicht nur für Prosecutors, sondern …” „… – verbindliche140 – Richtlinien des Director of Public Prosecutions in erheblichem Maße eingeschränkt worden …”

Die Hauptverhandlung im Crown Court S. 63-66

„… Grundlage des Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 sogar möglich gewesen wäre, hat sich die Bar freilich heftig …” „… dieser Möglichkeit macht der CPS derzeit intensiven Gebrauch; der frühere Director of Public Prosecutions …” „… must give them that option.«330 Wer – wie MacDonald und der amtierende Director of Public Prosecutions …”

Plea Bargaining S. 58-63

„… Prosecution Advocate« (http://www.cps.gov.uk/Publications/prosecution/farqbooklet.html). 60 te.294 Zudem darf …” „… Prosecutions oder dem Attorney General abstimmt.301 4.3.2 Sentence Bargaining Plea Bargaining im Sinne von …”

Die Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure S. 23-24

„… Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 die gesetzliche Grundlage für die Errichtung des CPS geschaffen. Dieser nahm …” „… Erscheinen vor Gericht vermeiden zu können. 71 Vgl. Justice, The Prosecution Process in England and …”

Struktur von 1986 bis 1993 S. 28-29

„… Prosecution Authority – sollte für die Strafverfolgung in ihrem Bezirk sowie für 96 Vgl. die Rede von …” „… . Gandy, a.a.O., m.H. auf White Paper, Proposed Crown Prosecution Service. 108 Sanders und Young, S. 381 …”

Die Einstellung des Verfahrens durch den CPS S. 51-53

„… , S. 170 und Sprack, Rn. 4.14 ff. 240 Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, Section 23 241 Eine weitere …” „… oder des Director of Public Prosecutions bräuchte.251 Und zu guter Letzt kann der CPS die Privatklage …”

Motive zur Errichtung des CPS S. 24-26

„… Gericht vermeiden zu können. 71 Vgl. Justice, The Prosecution Process in England and Wales, 1970 …” „… Grund bleibt sie auch nach dem Prosecution of Offences Act von 1985 noch möglich. Nach alldem kann man …”

Die Verwarnung gegen Auflagen (Conditional Cautioning) S. 40

„… Prosecutor können neben dem Director of Public Prosecutions (d.h. für die Praxis der CPS) auch noch weitere …”

Rechtsbehelfe gegen Entscheidungen des Magistrates' Court S. 77-78

„… Court (Divisional undermining the case for the prosecution against the accused, or of assisting the …”

Überprüfbarkeit der Entscheidung des Prosecutors S. 53-55

„… Prosecutions bräuchte.251 Und zu guter Letzt kann der CPS die Privatklage jederzeit vereiteln, in 246 Vgl …”

Fazit S. 86-88

„… Prosecutors nur durch eine Richtlinie des Director of Public Prosecutions bestimmt wird, wäre die Charge durch …”

Beweisaufnahme S. 127-129

„… Prosecution«, vorträgt683 und insbesondere während des Kreuzverhörs sein ganzes argumentatives und …”

Anfechtungsbefugnis des EStA S. 170-172

„… Prosecutions vom CPS immerzu behauptet, obgleich es nicht der Realität entspricht: die Errichtung einer …”

Äußere Struktur S. 93-96

„… Director of Public Prosecutions und die Chief- bzw. Branch Crown Prosecutors bis herab zum Associate …”

Innere Struktur S. 96-99

„… auf diese Weise dem erklärten Wunsch des Director of Public Prosecutions entsprechen.507 2.3 Externe …”

Verhältnis zu Strafverfolgungsbehörden der Mitgliedstaaten S. 153-156

„… essential to have a central agency with powers to determine prosecution policy, to take action itself and to …”

Opportunitätsprinzip vs. Legalitätsprinzip S. 156-159

„… prosecution policy, to take action itself and to give binding directions to others.« 851 Siehe zur damit …”

Resümee S. 172-176

„… Prosecutions vom CPS immerzu behauptet, obgleich es nicht der Realität entspricht: die Errichtung einer …”

Problemstellung: Die EU als neuer kriminalgeographischer Raum S. 15-20

„… Staatsanwaltschaft in Deutschland und dem Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) in England und Wales30 vorgenommen wird …”

Verhältnis zu anderen europäischen Institutionen S. 148-153

„… von der mächtigen Polizei bescherte.820 Zudem verfügt der Director of Public Prosecutions seit dem …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845224527

Guido Britz, Heinz Koriath, Karl-Ludwig Kunz, Carsten Momsen, Egon Müller, Heinz Müller-Dietz, Henning Radtke - Festschrift für Heike Jung

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Guido Britz (ed.), Heinz Koriath (ed.), Karl-Ludwig Kunz (ed.), Carsten Momsen (ed.), Egon Müller (ed.), Heinz Müller-Dietz (ed.), Henning Radtke (ed.)

Festschrift für Heike Jung

2007

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Asbjørn Strandbakken Disclosure of evidence by the prosecution S. 945-958

„… 945 Disclosure of evidence by the prosecution Asbjørn Strandbakken Asbjørn Strandbakken Disclosure …” „… of evidence by the prosecution 1. Introduction When a Norwegian is invited to contribute in honouring …” „… I have chosen to discuss disclosure of evidence by the prosecution in the light of case law from …”

Roger Hood Attacking the Death Penalty in the Anglophone Caribbean: A Criminological Contribution S. 313-330

„… extent was the State successful in obtaining prosecutions for murder? Was there evidence to support the …” „… police register of recorded cases of murder as well as to the records of prosecutions kept by the …” „… Director of Public Prosecutions and to records of the High Court and Court of Appeal. Based on the police …”

Andrew Ashworth Plea Bargaining, Pragmatism and Rights S. 19-28

„… offence charged; the burden of proof is on the prosecution, and any doubt should benefit the accused.‹7 …” „… This makes it clear that a person accused of a crime has the right to put the prosecution to proof …” „… waive the right to be tried and the right to put the prosecution to proof.8 The implication is that …”

Albin Eser Vorzugswürdigkeit des adversatorischen Prozesssystems in der internationalen Strafjustiz? Reflektionen eines Richters S. 167-188

„… Trennung des Verfahrens in einen »Prosecution case« und einen »Defense case«.27 Wenn die Anklageschrift …” „… ganzen »Prosecution case« – durch die Verteidigung auf der anderen Seite viele Monate, wenn nicht gar …” „… bereits für ihren Haupt-Prosecution case mehr Zeugen für denselben Vorfall präsentieren, um das Risiko …”

Neil MacCormick A Common Approach to Crime? Observations on the European Arrest Warrant and the Democratic Deficit S. 535-542

„… liberties, it was said, might be at risk because of oppressive foreign prosecutions without any real …” „… the UK might be utilised as instruments to facilitate prosecutions – and detention for long periods …” „… pending prosecution – in criminal justice systems falling well short of the rigorous standards of justice …”

Antony Duff Crimes, Regulatory Offences and Criminal Trials S. 87-98

„… use sparingly, the power to bring prosecutions (Ashworth and Redmayne, op. cit., 142-6). 9 Sexual …” „… Press, 2003), ch. 2. 11 See R Allen, ›Alternatives to Prosecution‹ in McConville and Wilson, op. cit. n …” „… prosecution in criminal trials reflects a concern to protect the innocent against the injustice of being …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

„… Strandbakken Disclosure of evidence by the prosecution 945 Franz Streng Strafersatz und Paradoxieverbot 959 …”

Jean Pradel Un problème français: que faire du juge d’instruction? S. 729-736

„… , French Criminal Justice. A comparative Account of the Investigation and Prosecution of Crime in France …”

Kimmo Nuotio Criminal law of a transnational polity S. 685-698

„… a similar supporting and coordinating role as regards the prosecution and investigation of severe …”

Lucia Zedner Security for Whom? Reducing risk by eroding rights S. 1117-1134

„… prosecution, trial, and punishment of offenders is directed at proving guilt for past actions, holding …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845202259

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Hans-Holger Herrnfeld, Dominik Brodowski, Christoph Burchard

European Public Prosecutor's Office

2021

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Dominik Brodowski Article 40 Simplified prosecution procedures S. 371-382

„… mandatory prosecution of crimes detrimental to the Union’s financial interests –, the wording of paragraph 1 …” „… into account some valid reasons which may make prosecution impossible (supra → mn. 10 ff.), but Recital …” „… the case to national prosecution authorities (Article 34(1)). Moreover, a decision to dismiss may …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 36 Prosecution before national Courts S. 329-345

„… prosecution of PIF offences. In that sense, exercising oversight, in particular also when it comes to taking …” „… to take the final decision on prosecution or dismissal. As explained above, this was the reason for …” „… the EDPs with the competence to take the final decision on prosecution or dismissal, but to prescribe …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 39 Dismissal of the case S. 356-371

„… SECTION 4 Rules on alternatives to prosecution Article 39 Dismissal of the case 1. Where …” „… prosecution has become impossible, pursuant to the law of the Member State of the handling European Delegated …” „… prosecution of a crime in court is possible. To provide for legal certainty – also for the suspect, as the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 35 Termination of the investigation S. 321-329

„… referral of the case, dismissal or simplified prosecution procedure in accordance with Article 34, 39 or 40 …” „… . SECTION 3 Rules on prosecution Art. 35 Hans-Holger Herrnfeld 321 34 A. Introduction; genesis of the …” „… provision; however, its Article 27 (“prosecution before national courts”) did address some of its elements …”

Christoph Burchard Article 13 The European Delegated Prosecutors S. 98-104

„… as national prosecutors in respect of investigations, prosecutions and bringing cases to judgment, in …” „… and prosecutions that they have initiated, that have been allocated to them or that they have taken …” „… prosecution authorities in order to determine whether priority should be given to their functions under this …”

Christoph Burchard Article 12 The European Prosecutors S. 89-98

„… Prosecutors shall supervise the investigations and prosecutions for which the European Delegated Prosecutors …” „… of investigations and prosecutions in the European Prosecutor’s Member State of origin, or a personal …” „… conflict of interest, that the supervision of investigations and prosecutions of individual cases handled …”

Christoph Burchard Article 8 Structure of the EPPO S. 41-64

„… ‘The European Public Prosecutor’s Office: Towards a Truly European Prosecution Service?’ (2013) 4 NJECL …” „… national level not as important as the central level, nor are the investigations and prosecutions, as they …” „… singularisation of the EPPO’s investigations and prosecutions. On the contrary, the EPPO features clear-cut …”

Christoph Burchard Article 5 Basic principles of the activities S. 20-32

„… tions, carrying out acts of prosecution and exercising the functions of a prosecutor in the …” „… on investigations, investigation measures, prosecution and alternatives to prosecution). – Generally …” „… Article 86(2) TFEU, i.e. that a prosecution service rather than the police or investigative judges are in …”

COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2017/1939 S. 683-771

„… situation, in which the criminal prosecution of offences against the Union’s financial interests is …” „… prosecutions in the area of offences committed against the Union’s financial interests but can rather, by …” „… prosecution, institutional safeguards should be put in place to ensure its independence as well as its …”

Christoph Burchard Article 10 The Permanent Chambers S. 74-87

„… random allocation. 2. The Permanent Chambers shall monitor and direct the investigations and prosecutions …” „… . They shall also ensure the coordination of investigations and prosecutions in cross-border cases, and …” „… simplified prosecution procedure and to instruct the European Delegated Prosecutor to act with a view to …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 29 Lifting privileges or immunities S. 261-268

„… principle of mandatory prosecution (legality principle; Recitals 66 and 81, see also → Art. 25 mn. 5) and to …” „… the grounds and extent of privileges and immunities. However, whether a limitation to prosecution …” „… (criminal) investigations, prosecutions and/or the enforcement of criminal sanctions.5 An immunity may be …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 28 Conducting the investigation S. 246-261

„… Delegated Prosecutor: (a) cannot perform the investigation or prosecution; or (b) fails to follow the …” „… prosecution by reasons of one or more of the following criteria: (a) the seriousness of the offence, in …” „… in the original Commission proposal was to set up the EPPO as a prosecution office responsible for …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 34 Referrals and transfers of proceedings to the national authorities S. 309-321

„… SECTION 3 Rules on prosecution Article 34 Referrals and transfers of proceedings to the national …” „… before initiating prosecution at national courts. 3. Where, with regard to offences which caused or are …” „… that it would be in the interest of the efficiency of investigation or prosecution, it shall in …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 26 Initiation of investigations and allocation of competences within the EPPO S. 213-234

„… prosecution/adjudication.31 Therefore, any such decision should be taken as early as possible and appropriate in the course …” „… CHAPTER V RULES OF PROCEDURE ON INVESTIGATIONS, INVESTIGATION MEASURES, PROSECUTION AND …” „… ALTERNATIVES TO PROSECUTION SECTION 1 Rules on investigations Article 26 Initiation of investigations and …”

Christoph Burchard Article 9 The College S. 64-74

„… , in particular with a view to ensuring coherence, efficiency and consistency in the prosecution policy …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 b) Formulation etc. of (coherent, effective, efficient, and consistent) prosecution etc. policies …” „… activities of the EPPO, for formulating etc. its prosecution etc. policies, and for adopting its internal …”

Christoph Burchard Article 4 Tasks S. 18-20

„… undertake investigations, and carry out acts of prosecution and exercise the functions of prosecutor in the …” „… PRINCIPLES OF THE EPPO Art. 4 Christoph Burchard 19 3 4 tions, carrying out acts of prosecution and …” „… , especially in Section V (on rules of procedure on investigations, investigation measures, prosecution and …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 38 Disposition of confiscated assets S. 352-356

„… , investigations and prosecutions by the EPPO oftentimes will also raise the question of a confiscation of proceeds …” „… a criminal offence”. Additionally, under some circumstances where a criminal prosecution is …” „… proceeding independent of a criminal prosecution must be available (Article 4(2) Directive 2014/42/EU). At …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 117 Notifications S. 667-671

„… specific investigation and prosecution authorities in the Member States requiring definition and …” „… ) investigations and prosecutions at the national level and/or need to be informed by the EPPO of its decisions to …” „… ) sentence 2; see also Article 25(1),1 Article 40(1) (2) and the reference to “national prosecution …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… competences as well as the procedural provisions for the criminal investigations and prosecutions conducted by …” „… national prosecution services, judges, and lawyers – in the interpretation of the landmark EPPO Regulation …” „… law and the EPPO’s relations to national prosecution services. August 2020 Hans-Holger Herrnfeld …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 100 Relations with Eurojust S. 583-595

„… prosecution of crimes which typically have a transnational dimension, the EPPO requires a strong and …” „… its role in the investigation and prosecution of PIF offences . . . 3 I. Eurojust: legal basis …” „… European Prosecution Service?’ (2013) 4 NJECL, 7; Katalin Ligeti and Anne Weyembergh, ‘The European Public …”

DIRECTIVE (EU) 2017/1371 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL S. 771-798

„… Convention that the protection of the Union's financial interests called for the criminal prosecution of …” „… to those Member States which do not set limitation periods for investigation, prosecution and …” „… Commission in the investigation or prosecution procedures of individual criminal cases conducted by the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 96 General provisions S. 566-576

„… out criminal investigations and prosecutions at Union level is unique.” This recital, again, needs to …” „… adversely affect their career or status in the national prosecution system. In particular, the competent …” „… into their national prosecution services. It shall be ensured that adequate arrangements are in place …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 25 Exercise of the competence of the EPPO S. 195-213

„… disagreement between the EPPO and the national prosecution authorities over the question of whether the …” „… authorities competent to decide on the attribution of competences concerning prosecution at national level …” „… )) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 IV. Conflicts of competence between the EPPO and national prosecution authorities (Article 25(6 …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 101 Relations with OLAF S. 595-611

„… coordinate the criminal investigations and prosecutions by the EPPO and the administrative actions by OLAF …” „… evidence may also lead to the initiation of criminal investigations and prosecutions on the national level …” „… conducted on behalf of national prosecution authorities nor under their supervision. However, the …”

Introduction Hans-Holger Herrnfeld S. 1-11

„… prosecution of crimes committed against the financial interest of the Union was the core element of the …” „… States is also a responsibility of or carried out under supervision of the prosecution service. Article 4 …” „… . 94 ff). Also, the Regulation allows the EPPO to extend its investigations and prosecutions in a …”

Christoph Burchard Article 33 Pre-trial arrest and cross-border surrender S. 303-309

„… pre-trial detention of the suspect or accused person in an EPPO investigation or prosecution. Paragraph 2 …” „… European Prosecutor, who takes over the investigations or prosecutions pursuant to this provision. Under …” „… prosecution enjoys the power to order the arrest of a suspect or an accused person even if there was time to …”

Christoph Burchard Article 14 Appointment and dismissal of the European Chief Prosecutor S. 104-115

„… investigations and prosecutions. After all, and as stipulated by Article 28(1), the Member States have to ensure …” „… investigative judges) need to alter and adjust their investigation and prosecution setup. For under the …” „… and prosecutions (Article 13(1)[2]). As to access to simplified prosecution procedures, see Article 40 …”

Christoph Burchard Article 37 Evidence S. 345-352

„… on prosecution Art. 37 Christoph Burchard 345 A. Purpose of the provision; legislative history …” „… obstacle to effective prosecution in transnational cases. This situation makes it more difficult to make …” „… all efforts made to centralise the management of prosecutions with the establishment of the European …”

Christoph Burchard Article 6 Independence and accountability S. 32-37

„… and support the investigations and prosecutions of the EPPO, and that any action, policy or …” „… concepts. On the one hand, the EPPO must be capable of using its powers of investigation and prosecution …” „… investigations and prosecutions. As an accountable body, the European Public Prosecutor's Office will be …”

Christoph Burchard Article 17 Appointment and dismissal of the European Delegated Prosecutors S. 123-128

„… prosecutions of the EPPO were impaired without a substitution. If the European Prosecutor is not likely to …” „… until dismissal, be active members of the public prosecution service or judiciary of the respective …” „… public prosecution service or judiciary of the respective Member State which nominated them. – Firstly …”

Christoph Burchard Article 11 The European Chief Prosecutor and the Deputy European Chief Prosecutors S. 87-89

„… and prosecutions. – The European Chief Prosecutor will also be the Chair of a Permanent Chamber and …” „… influence on the investigations and prosecutions of “his/her” EPPO. Next to organising and directing, where …” „… 10(3), (4) and (5), the European Prosecutors shall supervise the investigations and prosecutions for …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 41 Scope of the rights of the suspects and accused persons S. 382-400

„… Article 5(3). It thereby calls for an equivalent standard compared to a national prosecution, but does not …” „… Balance Between the Prosecution and the Defence’ in Chloé Brière and Anne Weyembergh (eds.), The Needed …” „… Prosecutor’s Office – Issues of Balance Between the Prosecution and the Defence’ in Chloé Brière and Anne …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 50 Time-limits for the storage of operational personal data S. 477-479

„… investigation/prosecution, or that further processing of such data be restricted e.g. to its use in the course of a judicial …” „… investigations/prosecutions leading to an acquittal or a criminal sentence in the case in question. As follows from paragraph …” „… prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 45 Case files of the EPPO S. 447-453

„… the European Delegated Prosecutor that relates to the investigation or prosecution by the EPPO. Once …” „… national prosecution service. In either case, the files should be kept separate from national case files …” „… control of the prosecution service. However, the situation may change when the case file, as an instrument …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 113 General regime of liability S. 656-661

„… term “administrative activities” of the EPPO: Prosecutions by the EPPO are the issue of ongoing legal …” „… , also the investigatory stage preceding a formal prosecution in court is not “administrative” within the …” „… of compensation for lawful investigation and prosecution measures, such as when the initial suspicion …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 49 Processing of operational personal data S. 471-477

„… the following purposes: (a) criminal investigations and prosecutions undertaken in accordance with …” „… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …” „… personal data for the purpose of conducting investigations and prosecutions in accordance with this …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 51 Distinction between different categories of data subjects S. 479-481

„… for a specific new investigation/prosecution initiated by the EPPO in respect of another criminal …” „… of the personal data. Thus, where in case of a criminal investigation/prosecution a national …” „… authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 44 Case management system S. 443-447

„… management system shall be to: (a) support the management of investigations and prosecutions conducted by the …” „… cross-border cases; (b) ensure secure access to information on investigations and prosecutions at the Central …” „… investigations and prosecutions conducted by the EPPO, in particular its internal information flows and its …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 27 Right of evocation S. 234-246

„… measures necessary, under national law, to ensure effective investigation and prosecution. 3. If the EPPO …” „… case and simplified prosecution procedures”, thus not referring to the right of evocation. Under …” „… Prosecution: Potential Conflicts and how They Could be Avoided’ in Petter Asp (ed.), The European Public …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 104 Relations with third countries and international organisations S. 621-635

„… another in the course of a specific criminal investigation and prosecution, in particular relating to the …” „… not extend to assisting other countries in their investigation and prosecution, the scope of “outgoing …” „… admissibility of evidence if the EPPO reallocates the case to a different forum for investigation or prosecution …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 46 Access to the case management system S. 453-456

„… electronic case file stored in the IT system used by the prosecution service of that Member State …” „… used by the prosecution service of that Member State. Paragraph 3 also provides for a resolution …” „… investigations and prosecutions. Consequently, the instruments on the establishment of Eurojust and Europol which …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 23 Territorial and personal competence of the EPPO S. 171-178

„… (Article 26(5)(a)). The same applies to a possible change of forum for prosecution (Article 36(3)) and the …” „… prosecution (Article 36(4)). While the EPPO competence thus hinges on the availability of a Member State’s …” „… allocation and choice of forum for prosecution (infra → section C). The condition that the offence has been …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 89 Right to judicial review against the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 546-550

„… could unduly interfere with the investigations and prosecutions by the EPPO.4 As a consequence of that …” „… authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences …” „… and prosecution of criminal offences, or the independence of the judiciary.”; cf. also: Recital 82 of …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 112 Administrative inquiries S. 655-656

„… might frustrate an ongoing investigation and therefore violate prosecution and restitution interests of …” „… activities” of the EPPO: Prosecutions by the EPPO are the issue of ongoing legal proceedings and therefore do …” „… stage preceding a formal prosecution in court is not “administrative” within the meaning of Article 112 …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 99 Common provisions S. 579-583

„… investigation and prosecution of PIF offences within its competence. In particular, such cooperation must not …” „… investigation and prosecution of PIF offences within its competence. While literally this term is broader than …” „… investigation and the actual prosecution of a case. While these arguments may be brought forward when …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 24 Reporting, registration and verification of information S. 178-195

„… for reporting of alleged criminal conduct to the prosecution service or other national authority …” „… prosecution by the EPPO”. 16 Cf. Recital 58 and supra → mn. 6. 17 The wording of Recital 49, however, is not …” „… considerations under national law that give the prosecution service or law enforcement authorities discretion to …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 22 Material competence of the EPPO S. 144-171

„… 23 mn. 1), nor limits the competence of national investigation and prosecution authorities. Instead …” „… competence insofar as that “the […] joint investigation and prosecution [must be] in the interest of a good …” „… contain criminal offences; therefore, the investigation and prosecution necessarily depends on a crime as …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 59 Right of access by the data subject S. 495-497

„… , detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free …” „… prejudicing the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of …” „… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 108 Confidentiality and professional secrecy S. 648-650

„… confidentiality and professional secrecy in investigations and prosecutions of the EPPO; such confidentiality and …” „… professional secrecy is regularly a necessity in the course of investigation and prosecution interests of the …” „… justice, but also with investigation and prosecution interests. Article 109 seeks to strive for this …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 107 Language arrangements S. 646-648

„… translate documents during the prosecution and/or court proceedings are also governed by this 2 Bulgarian …” „… prosecutions of the EPPO; such confidentiality and professional secrecy is regularly a necessity in the course …” „… of investigation and prosecution interests of the Union, but also a requirement to protect the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 54 Transmission of operational personal data to institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union S. 485-487

„… or prosecutions of the EPPO but necessary for the performance of tasks of the recipient.7 This does …” „… Article 53 if the transmission serves the purposes of an investigation or prosecution conducted by the …” „… , detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 120 Entry into force S. 676-683

„… prosecution in two steps: While the EPPO is generally competent to investigate and prosecute all crimes …” „… prosecutions reported (supra → mn. 12) by the Member States before the date determined in accordance with …” „… 27 are not bound by a principle of mandatory prosecution (→ Article 27 mn. 8), the EPPO should …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 30 Investigation measures and other measures S. 268-282

„… 17(1) Protocol (No 7)). Otherwise, EPPO prosecutions could easily be hindered whenever a Union official …” „… Balance Between the Prosecution and the Defence’ in Chloé Brière and Anne Weyembergh (eds.), The Needed …” „… prosecution of offences affecting the Union’s financial interests that the EPPO be able to gather evidence by …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 91 Budget S. 553-559

„… its investigation and prosecution activities as set out in paragraph 6. The operational expenditure …” „… investigation and prosecution.” The recital here thus confirms the principle that the EPPO should be responsible …” „… EPPO having assumed responsibilities for investigation and prosecution”. On the other hand …”

Christoph Burchard Article 16 Appointment and dismissal of the European Prosecutors S. 117-123

„… European Prosecutor from among candidates: (a) who are active members of the public prosecution service or …” „… the substitution, no longer be in charge of investigations and prosecutions handled by him/her as a …” „… efficiency of the investigations and prosecutions of the EPPO were impaired without a substitution. If the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 76 Authorised access to operational personal data within the EPPO S. 524-527

„… prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data …” „… or procedures, avoiding prejudice to the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of …” „… will be the possibility to grant direct access rights to staff of the national prosecution offices that …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 42 Judicial review S. 400-441

„… Establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office – Issues of Balance Between the Prosecution and the …” „… investigations and prosecutions should be a competence of the CJEU rather than leaving this to the national …” „… control of the EPPO that arise in the context of investigations or prosecutions conducted by the EPPO …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 71 Data protection impact assessment S. 519-520

„… , investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the …” „… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 70 Cooperation with the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 518-519

„… prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data …” „… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 66 Processing under the authority of the controller or processor S. 512-513

„… of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of …” „… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 55 Processing of special categories of operational personal data S. 487-488

„… , detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free …” „… authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 48 Administrative personal data S. 470-471

„… data is processed for the purpose of “criminal investigations and prosecutions undertaken in accordance …” „… the following purposes: (a) criminal investigations and prosecutions undertaken in accordance with …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 111 Rules on the protection of sensitive non-classified and classified information S. 654-655

„… level of protection for such information. Investigations and prosecutions of alleged criminal conduct …” „… might frustrate an ongoing investigation and therefore violate prosecution and restitution interests of …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 105 Relations with Member States of the European Union which do not participate in enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the EPPO S. 635-644

„… prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data …” „… arise between the EPPO on the one side, and investigation and prosecution authorities in the …” „… prosecutions should not be compared on equal footing to authorities by a non-participating Member State, but …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 61 Right to rectification or erasure of operational personal data and restriction of data processing S. 499-504

„… , investigations or procedures; (b) avoid prejudicing the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of …” „… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …” „… means the processing in the course of the specific criminal investigation and prosecution by the EPPO …”

Christoph Burchard Article 2 Definitions S. 11-17

„… its processes, including the conduction of its investigations and prosecutions as well as the …” „… ’ means a European Delegated Prosecutor responsible for the investigations and prosecutions, which he/she …” „… prosecutions against legal persons, as well as investigatory measures against legal persons. The material …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 114 Implementing rules and programme documents S. 661-663

„… 34(3)) and on simplified prosecution procedures (Article 40(2)). In the negotiations of this Article …” „… investigation and prosecution can only be very limited. To avoid conflicts with the aforementioned factual and …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Introduction to Chapter VIII (Articles 47 to 89) S. 456-461

„… operating in the field of criminal investigations and prosecutions. Consequently, the instruments on the …” „… , investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the …” „… ’ courts with which the EPPO will closely work together in the investigation and prosecution of PIF …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 65 Processor S. 510-512

„… , investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the …” „… , detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 43 Access to information by the EPPO S. 441-443

„… management system shall be to: (a) support the management of investigations and prosecutions conducted by the …” „… cross-border cases; (b) ensure secure access to information on investigations and prosecutions at the Central …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 60 Limitations of the right of access S. 497-499

„… , investigations or procedures; (b) avoid prejudicing the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of …” „… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 84 Transfers of operational personal data to recipients established in third countries S. 535-544

„… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …” „… in the third country rather than an investigation/prosecution conducted by the EPPO itself. As …” „… investigation/prosecution conducted by the EPPO itself. As follows from point (b) of Article 80(1), the transfer of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 69 Logging in respect of automated processing S. 516-518

„… prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal …” „… , detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 63 Obligations of the EPPO S. 506-508

„… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …” „… , detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 62 Exercise of rights by the data subject and verification by the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 504-506

„… by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution …” „… prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 109 Transparency S. 650-652

„… prosecution interests. Article 109 seeks to strive for this balance: it declares the generic secondary Union …” „… European Delegated Prosecutor that relates to the investigation or prosecution by the EPPO“ (Article …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 52 Distinction between operational personal data and verification of quality of personal data S. 481-483

„… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …” „… prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 58 Information to be made available or given to the data subject S. 492-495

„… , investigations or procedures; (b) avoid prejudicing the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of …” „… authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 115 Exercise of the delegation S. 663-666

„… sensitive area of criminal investigations and prosecutions, the EPPO Regulation makes only very limited use …” „… prosecutions by the EPPO and in particular the fair administration of criminal justice would be seriously in …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 47 Principles relating to processing of personal data S. 461-470

„… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …” „… of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of …” „… data is processed for the purpose of “criminal investigations and prosecutions undertaken in accordance …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 103 Relations with other institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union S. 616-621

„… prosecution (infra → mn. 12 ff.). Its purpose is to empower victims (or the Union IBOAs when the Union is a …” „… investigations and prosecutions conducted by the EPPO. In view of the harm of victims for crimes within the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 86 Professional secrecy of the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 545

„… , provided that this does not interfere with investigations and prosecutions led by the EPPO; (f) refer the …”

Christoph Burchard Article 1 Subject matter S. 11

„… its processes, including the conduction of its investigations and prosecutions as well as the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 31 Cross-border investigations S. 282-301

„… cooperation between national authorities, other than prosecution or judicial authorities”. The purpose of …” „… Member States shall be considered a single legal area” for the purpose of investigations and prosecutions …” „… Chambers’ function “to ensure the coordination of investigations and prosecutions in cross-border cases …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 87 Cooperation between the European Data Protection Supervisor and national supervisory authorities S. 545-546

„… , provided that this does not interfere with investigations and prosecutions led by the EPPO; (f) refer the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 67 Data protection by design and by default S. 513-514

„… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 85 Supervision by the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 544-545

„… data have been disclosed, provided that this does not interfere with investigations and prosecutions …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 77 Designation of the Data Protection Officer S. 527-528

„… will be the possibility to grant direct access rights to staff of the national prosecution offices that …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 75 Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject S. 523-524

„… prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 116 Urgency procedure S. 666-667

„… lawful conduct of investigations and prosecutions by the EPPO and in particular the fair administration …”

Christoph Burchard Article 3 Establishment S. 17-18

„… of prosecution and exercise the functions of prosecutor in the competent courts of the Member States …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 97 Temporary agents and contract agents S. 576-577

„… under the EUSR/CEOS, shall not receive, when exercising their powers of investigation and prosecution …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 95 Financial rules S. 565-566

„… out criminal investigations and prosecutions at Union level is unique.” This recital, again, needs to …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 64 Joint controllers S. 508-510

„… , detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free …”

Christoph Burchard Article 32 Enforcement of assigned measures S. 301-303

„… pre-trial detention of the suspect or accused person in an EPPO investigation or prosecution. Paragraph 2 …”

Christoph Burchard Article 15 Appointment and dismissal of the Deputy European Chief Prosecutors S. 115-117

„… members of the public prosecution service or judiciary of the relevant Member State; (b) whose …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 72 Prior consultation of the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 520-522

„… of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 68 Records of categories of processing activities S. 514-516

„… prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 56 Automated individual decision-making, including profiling S. 488-490

„… authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 57 Communication and modalities for exercising the rights of the data subject S. 490-492

„… , investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 98 Seconded national experts and other staff S. 577-579

„… national prosecution service and provide certain support function to the EPPO. That interpretation may be …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 53 Specific processing conditions S. 483-485

„… prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 93 Implementation of the budget S. 561-563

„… regard to “the fact that the competence of the EPPO to carry out criminal investigations and prosecutions …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 110 OLAF and the Court of Auditors S. 652-654

„… information. Investigations and prosecutions of alleged criminal conduct comes with a specific need to operate …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 106 Legal status and operating conditions S. 644-646

„… the investigation and prosecution competences), nor does it grant the EPPO protections under …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 90 Financial actors S. 550-553

„… prosecution activities as set out in paragraph 6. The operational expenditure shall also include the setting …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 7 Reporting S. 37-41

„… , investigations and prosecutions which are of general interest (infra → mn. 4), and, in particular, on problematic …”

Christoph Burchard Article 119 Review clause S. 672-676

„… prosecutions). An impact evaluation arguably entails an empirical before/after comparison. It should arguably …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 20 Provisional administrative arrangements of the EPPO S. 134-138

„… into account relevant experience of the Member States’ prosecution services, and also in view of the …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 102 Relations with Europol S. 611-616

„… further course of the investigation and prosecution, though required for the fair administration of …”

Christoph Burchard Article 18 Status of the Administrative Director S. 128-133

„… matter for paragraph 4 sentence 2, while accepting bribes in the context of a domestic prosecution is …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 79 Tasks of the data protection officer S. 528-533

„… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845290768

Lena Lindemann - Referral of Cases from International to National Criminal Jurisdictions

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Lena Lindemann

Referral of Cases from International to National Criminal Jurisdictions

Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht

Volume 3 2013

Results in this title

National Prosecution of International Crimes S. 38-44

„… Concept,JICJ 2 (2004) 3: 735-760.39Legal Basis for ProsecutionThere are basically two ways in which conduct …” „… the Prosecutor acting on his own initiative.70National Prosecution of International CrimesUnder …” „… prosecution and punishment of internationalcrimes.71 As a matter of fact, the prosecution and punishment of …”

International Prosecution of International Crimes S. 27-38

„… of widespread or systematic commission.Prosecution of International CrimesThere are principally two …” „… international criminal courts. Asinternational criminal courts are especially established for the prosecution of …” „… international law, international prosecution of international crimes is also referred toas the “direct …”

No Prosecution due to Lack of Criminalization S. 256-257

„… prosecution after a state prosecution for “ordinary crimes”.960 The adoption of adifferent wording …” „… to arguethat the ICC may under certain circumstances interfere with ongoing national prosecutions …” „… , retrial may only be possible ifthe prosecution and punishment for an ordinary crime falls under one of the …”

Prosecuting as an Ordinary Crime S. 240-256

„… accused without violating the principle of ne bis in idem.Ongoing National ProsecutionUnder Article 17(1 …” „… ProsecutionPursuant to Article 17(1)(c) of the Rome Statute a case is inadmissible “where theperson concerned has …” „… national prosecutors and courts may either be deemed to refrain from prosecution at all due tothe absence …”

International Criminal Court S. 299-300

„… , ICTR-2005-86-11bis, Decision on the ProsecutionMotion for Referral to the Kingdom of Norway- Rule 11bis …” „… , ICTR-00-55B-R11bis, Decision on the Prosecution’s Appeal against decision on referral under Rule 11bis …” „… 2008.The Prosecutor v. Kanyarukiga, ICTR-2002-78-R11bis, Decision on the Prosecution’s Appeal against …”

Table of Contents S. 11-18

„… Prosecution of International Crimes 24International CrimesA. 24GenocideI. 25Crimes Against HumanityII. 26War …” „… CrimesIII. 26Prosecution of International CrimesB. 27International Prosecution of International CrimesI. 27 …” „… ICCc) 37National Prosecution of International CrimesII. 38Legal Grounds of Jurisdiction1. 39Legal Basis …”

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda S. 298-299

„… 2007.The Prosecutor v. Michel Bagaragaza, ICTR-2005-86-11bis, Decision on the ProsecutionMotion for …” „… , 19 June 2008.The Prosecutor v. Hategekimana, ICTR-00-55B-R11bis, Decision on the Prosecution’s Appeal …” „… , Decision on the Prosecution’s Appeal against decision on referral under Rule 11bis, Judgement, 30 October …”

The Impact of the Referral Practice on National Extradition Decisions S. 213-235

„… higher where its domestic laws do not permit prosecution.But also in cases where domestic courts …” „… who have not beenin the focus of the ICTR investigations and prosecutions have been since thenexpected …” „… course extremely interested in bringing these fugitivesto justice- be it through prosecution by the state …”

War Crimes S. 26-27

„… no requirement of widespread or systematic commission.Prosecution of International CrimesThere are …” „… the prosecution of international law, international prosecution of international crimes is also …” „… detail tothe second part of this section.International Prosecution of International CrimesIn the past …”

The Impact of the Referral Process on National Judicial Systems S. 203-213

„… Prosecutor v. Michel Bagaragaza, ICTR-2005-86-11bis, Decision on the ProsecutionMotion for Referral to the …” „… procedure code 759 for Bosnia and Herzegovina.Until 2003, the prosecution of war crimes took place …” „… law systems, victims were no longer allowed to conductsubsidiary and private prosecution. While it was …”

Introduction S. 21-23

„… prosecution.The standards applied by the Tribunals also have a bearing on the inter-statecooperation in criminal …” „… have been transferred to national courts back to the Tribunal should national prosecution be inadequate …” „… gavethe Tribunals considerable greater influence on the manner in which national prosecution of …”

Summary Table of Contents S. 9-10

„… of the Prosecution of International Crimes 24International CrimesA. 24GenocideI. 25Crimes Against …” „… HumanityII. 26War CrimesIII. 26Prosecution of International CrimesB. 27International Prosecution of …” „… International CrimesI. 27National Prosecution of International CrimesII. 38Distribution of Jurisdiction between …”

Requirements for Referral under Rule 11bis S. 84-203

„… , ICTR-2005-86-11bis, Decision on the ProsecutionMotion for Referral to the Kingdom of Norway- Rule 11bis …” „… (2009), at 5.314 On 29 November 2004, the Prosecution filed a motion to refer the case of Gojko …” „… referral to ensure that the prosecution and trial continues in a manner acceptable to the Tribunal. The …”

Transfer of Cases Prior to Indictment S. 66-70

„… indictmentsand focus on the prosecution of the most senior leaders suspected of being mostresponsible for crimes …” „… of Cases to National Courts, and Lessons for the ICC, at 160.67prosecutions.233 While the actual …” „… theProsecutor of the ICTR to Rwandan prosecutors.235 One case file has been transferred to Belgian prosecution …”

De Lege Lata S. 257-271

„… Court to interfere with unfair investigations or prosecutions.The object and purpose of the Statute does …” „… , cannot determine a case admissible when the unfairness of domestic investigations or prosecutions is …” „… unwillingness genuinely to carry outthe investigation or prosecution thus rendering the case admissible.The …”

Synthesis S. 282-286

„… law possibly applied in the referral statepermits the prosecution and trial of the accused for …” „… at the ICTR for the ordinary crime of murderonly. For a national prosecution to be deemed adequate it …” „… national prosecution. They may only refuse referralshould the extraordinary gravity or the specific nature …”

Referral of Cases After Indictment S. 70-84

„… June 2005;Prosecutor v. Ivica Raji?, aka “Victor Andri?”, IT-95-12-S, Decision on Prosecution’sMotion …” „… , Decision on the ProsecutionMotion for Referral to the Kingdom of Norway- Rule 11bis of the Rules of …” „… Court, 25 May 2006; Prosecutor v. Dragan Zelenovi?,IT-96-23/2, Decision on Prosecution’s Motion to …”

Implementation of the Completion Strategy S. 63-66

„… ImplementationProsecutionWith regard to the prosecution two main reforms were undertaken to achieve theCompletion Strategy …” „… prosecutions before that Tribunal.221 Accordingly, Hassan Jallowwas appointed as the Prosecutor of the ICTR …” „… was implemented by the ICTY only) directly concerned the work and discretion of the prosecution. By …”

Complementary International Jurisdiction S. 47-48

„… , significant factual or legal questions which mayhave implications for investigations or prosecutions before …” „… describesituations in which the Prosecutor yields to the investigations and prosecutions ofa national jurisdiction or …” „… rests his investigations and prosecutions for a certain period of time on the request of the UN Security …”

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia S. 297-298

„… Prosecution’s Motion to Withdraw the Motion under Rule 11bis, 8 May 2007.Prosecutor v. Dragomir Miloševi?, IT …” „… July 2005.Prosecutor v. Ivica Raji?, aka “Victor Andri?”, IT-95-12-S, Decision on Prosecution’s Motion …”

Transfer of Jurisdiction: “Deferral” and “Referral” S. 48

„… Prosecutor yields to the investigations and prosecutions ofa national jurisdiction or rests his …” „… investigations and prosecutions for a certain period of time on the request of the UN Security Council.124 …” „… Prosecution).125 See Rule 11bis RPE of the Special Court for Sierra Leone as amended on 27 May 2008,available …”

The Principle of Complementarity S. 236-238

„… ”), Decision onthe Prosecution Application under Article 58(7) of the Statute, ICC-02/05-01/07-I-Corr,Pre-Trial …” „… Provided by the Prosecution for the Issuance of a Warrant ofArrest for Germain Katanga, ICC-01/04-01/07-4 …” „… Information Providedby the Prosecution for the Issuance of a Warrant of Arrest for Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui,ICC …”

European Court of Human Rights S. 300

„… Providedby the Prosecution for the Issuance of a Warrant of Arrest for Germain Katanga,ICC-01/04-01/07-4 …” „… Evidence and Information Provided by the Prosecution for the Issuance of a Warrant of Arrest for Mathieu …”

Development of the Completion Strategies S. 52-63

„… , however, be ready to hand over prosecution ofmy cases to national courts as they now operate”.56before …” „… resolution1329 (2000) of 30 November 2000), that the ICTY should concentrate its work on the prosecution and …” „… attention to the prosecution before one Tribunal.Finally, both the Presidents and the Prosecutors of the …”

Bibliography S. 287-296

„… , Mark A.: Prosecution of Genocide v. the Fair Trial Principle, in: Journal of International Criminal …” „… Rechtshilfe in Strafsachen (IRG), C.H.Beck, 4th edition, München 2006.Sedman, Dawn: “Should the Prosecution of …” „… , Katie: The Future of War Crimes Prosecutions in the Former Yugoslavia: Accountability or Junk Justice …”

Conclusion S. 279-282

„… investigation or prosecution has formed the basis of the successfulchallenge to admissibility, unless the State …” „… law possibly applied in the referral statepermits the prosecution and trial of the accused for …”

De Lege Ferenda S. 271-276

„… inquiry? For example, howshould the Court react to national prosecutions or trials, which fail to protect …” „… of the national criminal prosecution in aspecific case.Second, as mentioned before, only an approach …”

Genocide S. 24-26

„… First Part:Basic Features of the Prosecution of International CrimesInternational …”

The System of Admissibility of a Case S. 238-240

„… state is “unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out theinvestigation or prosecution”.889 This exception …”

Primary International Jurisdiction S. 44-47

„… investigations or prosecutions before the Tribunal.”In contrast, the amended Rule 9 of the ICTR RPE gives the …”

Relevance of ICC Referrals to National Jurisdictions S. 276-279

„… changed from one thatstrived for intervention of the ICC to one that strives for domestic prosecution.1048 …”

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