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Lejla Starcevic-Srkalovic - The Democratization Process in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Role of the European Union

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Lejla Starcevic-Srkalovic

The Democratization Process in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Role of the European Union

Series: Demokratie, Sicherheit, Frieden

Volume 198 2010

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Proportionality S. 145-147

„… 1454.1.3 Proportionality Proportionality, according to the theory of Consociationalism, is to be …” „… present in every sphere of political life. Proportionality has to be included at every level of the …” „… size in society. Lijphart identifies two variations of the principle of proportionality: the deliberate …”

Electoral system as a tool for proportionality assurance S. 147-161

„… 147plex scoring system.174 According to the principle of proportionality in the constitution, some …” „… proportionality in many cases trumps the quality of applying candidates (Finci, interview). Obviously, the …” „… system as a tool for proportionality assurance The most important instrument ensuring proportional …”

Minority or mutual veto S. 140-145

„… Proportionality Proportionality, according to the theory of Consociationalism, is to be present in every sphere …” „… of political life. Proportionality has to be included at every level of the government’s decision …” „… . Lijphart identifies two variations of the principle of proportionality: the deliberate overrepresentation …”

Ethnic groups and democratic political institutions – basic principles of consociational democracy as a comprehensive model S. 73-82

„… coalitions and proportionality in appointments. Consociational theory experienced significant institutional …” „… about the protection of minority interests; - Proportionality or rules about the allocation of …” „… proportionality between votes and gaining seats in the parliament is much higher. Considering the second …”

Conclusion S. 231-239

„… , veto rights, segmental autonomy, and the proportionality and parity principle). In recent years …” „… every context. As mentioned 235previously, two primary conditions must be fulfilled: proportionality in …” „… . ? Proportionality as the principal standard of political representation, civil service appointments, and the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… coalitions – grand coalition 132 4.1.2 Minority or mutual veto 140 4.1.3 Proportionality 145 4.1.4 …” „… Electoral system as a tool for proportionality assurance 147 4.1.5 Segmental group autonomy 161 4.2 …”

Broad-based parliamentary coalitions – grand coalition S. 130-140

„… ; proportionality as the principal standard for political representation, civil service appointments, and allocation …” „… three main ethnic groups, Bosniacs, Croats, and Serbs, whose proportionality and parity in the …”

Comparative analysis of favoring and obstructing factors influencing performance of political institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina S. 164-177

„… the proportionality principle in Consociationalism has been already mentioned. Lijphart noted that in …” „… . However, this should not be exaggerated. Proportionality, as the standard system regulating the …”

Bosnian State during the reign of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy: first attempts of political institutionalization S. 86-90

„… , the principle of parity and proportionality for all three ethnic groups was not respected in the …”

Addressing ethnicity and ethnic conflict in the institutional solutions during the democratization process S. 68-73

„… through strict proportionality provisions. Public policies should be based on the individual rights and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845223216

Charis Papacharalambous - The Aims of Punishment

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Charis Papacharalambous (ed.)

The Aims of Punishment

2020

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Christos D. Naintos Aims of Punishment and Proportionality S. 99-110

„… Aims of Punishment and Proportionality Christos D. Naintos Deputy Public Prosecutor of the Court of …” „… proportionality. Proportionality should not be considered as related only to retribution. The choice between the …” „… proportionality control of a penalty. After a short presentation of the main elements of the two prevailing …”

Artemis Savvidou The Proportionality Principle as Basic Safeguard Regarding Provision and Imposition of Criminal Sanctions S. 85-98

„… The Proportionality Principle as Basic Safeguard Regarding Provision and Imposition of Criminal …” „… interpretation and especially imposition proportionality is applied.1 Proportionality as law principle that is …” „… possibility of imposing restrictions on rights through law (and with respect to proportionality) on specific …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Proportionality Principle as Basic Safeguard Regarding Provision and Imposition of Criminal Sanctions …” „… 85 Christos D. Naintos Aims of Punishment and Proportionality …” „… ordeal of ‘lay-friendly’ applying proportionality displays blatantly the above. But what if one goes …”

Demetra Sorvatzioti Why Sentencing Needs a Separate Trial in the Continental System S. 145-166

„… acknowledgment of the harm done to victims or to the community”. Furthermore,proportionality is a fundamental …” „… offender. Reference to the purposes of sentence is not been found in the GCC. Proportionality and just …” „… . But even before the inclusion of the proportionality principle in the Code, proportionality was …”

Charis Papacharalambous Penal Populism and the Aims of Punishment. The Emergence of Policed Democracy S. 21-38

„… roughly determined against bedrocks such as proportionality and utilitarianism. The fundamental …” „… , retributivism in the sense of ‘just deserts’ including proportionality is the mainstream paradigm as to the …” „… theories of punishment. Proportionality is understood both as ordinal (the harmony between crime …”

George Chloupis Organized Criminal Action and Riskiness. Security and Insecurity. The Limits Imposed by the Protection of Human Rights and the Extent to which the Purposes of the Penalty Are Being Served in the Conte... S. 167-184

„… (principles of necessity, avoidance of unreasonable excess, proportionality, suitability, prohibition of …” „… indications or evidence. The principle of proportionality must apply between the rights which are affected …” „… organized crime (principle of proportionality).13 For every action, there generally must be an approval by …”

Elisavet Symeonidou-Kastanidou, Yannis Naziris The New System of Penal Sanctions in Greece S. 277-304

„… proportionality, which were enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights around the same period. In such …” „… barely in line with the principle of proportionality. Nevertheless, the combined application of the …” „… utter disregard of the principles of necessity and proportionality, to the effect of inundating …”

Athanasia Dionysopoulou EU Criminal Law in the Post-Lisbon Era – Challenges for National Criminal Policy S. 111-120

„… proportionality. This Protocol establishes the so called ‘early warning mechanism’, which is, in reality, a …” „… Protocol on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality.14 In draft legislative …” „… . 2: “Protocol on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality”. 14 Barrett …”

Tonia Tzannetaki The Potentially Perverse Effects of Front- and Back-Door Penal Policies. The Greek Example S. 249-276

„… , to gross violations of the principle of proportionality between crime and punishment whilst …” „… proportionality – however broadly one chooses to define its outer limits. Such sacrifices of proportionality …” „… to the aims and functions of punishment. Neither can the serious violations of proportionality …”

Athanasios Chouliaras, Marinos Skandamis The Intensification of the Preventive Rationale in European Criminal Justice Policies: the Evolution of Dangerousness and its Transformation into Risk S. 121-144

„… .17 At the same time, Garofalo asserts that the principle of proportionality between the crime and …” „… law (e.g. the principle of legality, the presumption of innocence, the principle of proportionality …” „… control the most dangerous acts contrary to the principles of legality and proportionality, as …”

Felix Herzog Vindication of Law – The Expressive Signiicance of Punishment in Terrorist Cases S. 15-20

„… control of proportionality. Concerning the course of action of the British army towards IRA-terrorists …”

Nestor Courakis Constraints on Deciding Sentence Severity by the Judges in Greece S. 239-248

„… defendants are not judged in an equitable manner nor according to the principle of proportionality existing …”

Andreas Kapardis Punishing the Traffic Offender in Cyprus: Practices, Concerns and Future Directions S. 213-226

„… Canada, USA, Australia, and New Zealand, decide sentence severity on the basis of the proportionality …”

Ioannis Gkountis The Unwarranted Use of Criminal Law as a Tool for Crisis-Management: The Case of Symbolic Criminal Legislation S. 73-84

„… dogma (which mirrors the constitutional precept of proportionality40) thus regards the use of penal …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748922384

Agnieszka Aleksandra Murawska (Nowakowska) - Administrative Anti-Fraud Measures within the European Union

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Agnieszka Aleksandra Murawska (Nowakowska)

Administrative Anti-Fraud Measures within the European Union

2008

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Principle of proportionality S. 113-114

„… result from the national proceedings. 5.1 Principle of proportionality First and foremost, OLAF has to …” „… respect the principle of proportionality.472 Thisprinciple has been recognised by the ECJ as a part of EC …” „… Gemeinschaft« 1998, vol. 2, p. 661. 473 On the recognition of the principle of proportionality, see case C-8/55 …”

Primary law instruments S. 66-70

„… and proportionality.68can therefore, by reason of the scale or effects of the proposed action, be …” „… principles of subsidiarity and proportionality (by qualitative or, wherever possible, quantitative indicators …” „… principles of subsidiarity and proportionality244, action by the Communityis necessary if the Member State is …”

Internal investigations S. 111-113

„… proportionality First and foremost, OLAF has to respect the principle of proportionality.472 Thisprinciple has …” „… principle of proportionality, see case C-8/55, Fédération Charbonnière de Belgique v High Authority of the …”

Rule of law S. 114-115

„… to the principle of proportionality, see Tridimas, Takis »The General Principles ofEC law«, New York …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

„… of OLAF’s competencies 1135.1 Principle of proportionality 1135.2 Rule of law 1145.3 Limitations with …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845206615

Kai Ambos, José Martínez - Göttingen Handbook on Latin American Public Law and Criminal Justice

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Kai Ambos (ed.), José Martínez (ed.)

Göttingen Handbook on Latin American Public Law and Criminal Justice

2023

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Laura Clérico Proportionality and criminal law in the Interamerican-System S. 303-324

„… Proportionality and criminal law in the Interamerican-System*Laura CléricoAbstractThis essay aims …” „… to explore the uses of proportionality when criminal lawinterferes with human rights in Latin America …” „… exemplarybasis to demonstrate the various uses of proportionality, to focus on itsuse in challenging criminal law …”

Faustino García de la Torre García Criminal law and constitution S. 281-302

„… structure of the constitutional principle of proportionality,to the point where the three factors are …” „… fundamental rights theory and theconstitutional principle of proportionality began to be developed. This …” „… linksthat initially intended. Principles as subsidiarity, proportionality and ultimaratio encounter serious …”

Alejandro Chehtman Gender Bias in Justification of Lethal Force in Latin America S. 415-436

„… significant agreement that proportionality should not beconstrued as some form of mathematical equivalence …” „… be observed”.44Furthermore, the Manual clarifies that the proportionality and necessi‐ty analyses are …” „… different in military and in law enforcement operations.Proportionality in military operations must assess …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-30

„… 281Laura CléricoProportionality and criminal law in the Interamerican-System 303Gustavo Emilio Cote …”

Kai Ambos, Susann Aboueldahab Criminal Justice and Impunity in Latin America S. 585-604

„… aligned it with the two rule-of-law-principles of presumption ofinnocence and proportionality. Instead of …”

Ezequiel Vacchelli Culpability S. 437-456

„… proportionality between a crimeand its penalty. Naturally, this does not automatically assume that social …”

Luis G. González Alvo, Jorge A. Núñez Latin American prisons throughout history S. 661-686

„… guarantee the exerciseof Latin American constitutional principles (legality, harmfulness, propor‐tionality …”

Bernd Marquardt Lines of Development of the Modern Constitutional State in Hispanic America since 1810 S. 33-60

„… constitutional courts adopted the principle of pro‐portionality created in the 1950s by the German jurisprudence …”

María Rosalba Buitrago The Social State in Latin America S. 195-230

„… conformto the bounds of reasonableness and proportionality. Finally, any faultsmust be previously …”

Juan Pablo Pampillo Baliño Constitutionalism and constitutional change in Latin America: accomplishments and challenges S. 109-172

doi.org/10.5771/9783748920717

Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz, Kinga Zakariás - The main lines of the jurisprudence of the Hungarian Constitutional Court

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Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz (ed.), Kinga Zakariás (ed.)

The main lines of the jurisprudence of the Hungarian Constitutional Court

2022

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Zoltán Pozsár-Szentmiklósy 24. Decision 3/2015. (II. 2.) AB – Proportionality S. 427-440

„… Decision 3/2015. (II. 2.) AB – ProportionalityZoltán Pozsár-Szentmiklósy*Ordinary courts have to …” „… . The proportionality-basedreasoning of the HCC in many cases is not sufficiently detailed—in thisregard …” „… proportionality-focused monitoring of draft laws is oftenperformed in order to prevent the possible future unfavourable …”

Gábor Polyák 9. Decision 165/2011. (XII. 20) AB – Media Content S. 183-196

„… decisivecriterion in assessing the proportionality of a restriction is the impact of themedium on the public, and …” „… asufficient reason, and the regulation respects the principles of proportionality andsubsidiarity [Article 61 …” „… necessity and proportionality. The examination of theMedia Constitution and the Media Act shows that, in the …”

Kinga Zakariás 16. Decision 32/2013. (IX. 22.) AB – Secret Intelligence Gathering S. 293-312

„… ensuring that the conditions of necessityand proportionality are met and are controllable with respect to …” „… that the expectation of proportionality is met in individual cases.5PetitionThe basis of the case is a …” „… (necessity-proportionality) requirements of Article I (3) of theFL (Reasoning [85]).The HCC also found that the storage and …”

András Koltay 23. Decision 19/2014. (V. 30.) AB – Liability for Online Comments S. 413-426

„… they consider should take priority.7The question of proportionalityIt turns out from Reasoning [65 …” „… when examining the proportionality of arestriction on fundamental rights (Reasoning [64]–[65]).5The …” „… (Reasoning [59]).The assessment of proportionality depends on the amount of damagesawarded for the …”

Gyula Bándi 26. Decision 28/2017. (X. 25.) AB – Natura 2000 S. 459-472

„… remediating the status quo lat-er. Alongside prevention, the proportionality-necessity test has also beenadded …” „… in point 5 (Reasoning [62]).These all reinforce again the proportionality-necessity test, ‘also …” „… rea-sonable limitation of the freedom of property, also the need to establishthe desirable proportionality …”

István Ambrus, Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz 30. Decision 15/2020. (VII. 8.) AB – Fear-mongering II. S. 521-538

„… , irrespective of its value and truth.Following a necessity-proportionality test by the HCC, it held that it …” „… determining the proportionality of a restriction.3PetitionThe petitioner filed a constitutional complaint …” „… particular the principle of the universalityof norms), Article I (3) (the principle of proportionality …”

Boldizsár Szentgáli-Tóth, András László Pap 13. Decision 1/2013. (I. 7.) AB – Voter Registration S. 243-260

„… meet proportionality standards. (The decision alsostrengthened free political speech …” „… , according to the ElectionProcedure Act, the proportionality of individual constituencies has to bemade on …” „… to lawfully determine the proportionality ofthe constituencies on the basis of the number of persons …”

Márton Varju 18. Decision 3194/2014. (VII. 15.) AB – Tobacco Retail S. 331-344

„… content of the rules in question—was able tosupport the proportionality of the new measures. Decision …” „… established thatthe proportionality of the restriction required the payment of due compen-sation and the …” „… examination of proportionalitydepends to a large extent on the accepted social and economic functionof …”

Miklós Könczöl 5. Decision 60/1994. (XII. 24.) AB – Lustration S. 121-134

„… proportionality«—must be limited to the questionwhether the reference to the public interest is justified, and whether …” „… ofwhich therefore requires proportionality on both sides.2BackgroundA direct precursor to the decision is …”

István Ambrus 19. Decision 23/2014 (VII. 15.) AB – Concurrent Three Strikes S. 345-358

„… punishable by life impris-onment, is not in line with the requirement of proportionality to beexpected of …” „… proportionality, besides, narrowing judicial discretion by creatingmandatory sentencing rules, combined with …”

Péter Gárdos, Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz 22. Decision 34/2014. (XI. 14.) – Foreign Currency Loan S. 393-412

„… court, but not to the right to a fair trial. As regards the necessityand proportionality of the …” „… regulation.13Decision Foreign Currency Loan also opened up new avenues in termsof the proportionality test …”

András Jakab 3. Decision 11/1992. (III. 5.) AB – Retroactive Transitional Justice S. 85-102

„… the principle of proportionality, butin doing so, injustice ‘is not in itself an argument’ against …” „… relation to which no proportionality test is applicable.According to the HCC, ‘an exception to the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… .) AB – Proportionality24. 427Zoltán Pozsár-SzentmiklósyDecision 22/2016. (XII. 5.) AB – Constitutional …”

Gergely Deli 14. Decision 4/2013. (II. 21.) – Five-pointed Red Star S. 261-274

„… elaborated on thefact that the restriction complied with the requirement of proportionality.According to the …”

Bernát Török 27. Decision 1/2019. (II. 13.) AB – Disfigurement of a Soviet War Memorial S. 473-486

„… conflict betweenfreedom of expression and the right to property and, following a propor-tionality test …”

Ádám Békés 28. Decision 3/2019 (III. 7.) AB – Illegal Immigration S. 487-504

„… necessity-proportionality), Article VIII (2) (rightof association), Article IX (1) (freedom of speech) and Article XXVIII (4 …”

Kinga Zakariás 2. Decision 64/1991. (XII. 17.) AB – Abortion I. S. 63-84

„… situation is a concretisationof the proportionality criterion applied to the specific facts of abortion.The …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929826

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