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Cornelius Adebahr - Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy

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Cornelius Adebahr

Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy

Series: DGAP-Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 2009

Results in this title

The processes of learning and change S. 104-106

„… The processes of learning and changeIt was defined earlier (cf. subsection 3.1.4) that organizational …” „… attempts to model this process of reflection and ensuing change of rules is Huber’s description of four …” „… barriers in phase 2. A learning process may be completed by the change of the rules, but the experiences …”

A working definition of organizational learning S. 85-91

„… organization, i. e. a change of the system rather than merely within it, a process that others call “reframing …” „… cognitive process, however, this behaviorist position has lost ground. In addition, the inclusion of change …” „… learning processes in general) perceive learning and change.3.1.2 Learning and change—alternative …”

Operationalization S. 110-113

„… Special Representatives112The two-phase process of learning and change (organizational development) is …” „… Organizational Learning and ChangeInstitutional ChangeStuctures – The invention of EUSRs in 1996;– The increase …” „… might slow or prevent such change.3.3.4 MethodologyThe methodology applied is that of process tracing …”

The learning environment S. 101-104

„… Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives1043.2.3 The processes of learning and changeIt …” „… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 101 11.05.2009 15:41:54 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …” „… , boundary spanners such as the EUSRs, as part of the inner environment that receives and processes incoming …”

Introduction and Main Argument S. 13-20

„… by the creation of ESDP (Biscop 1999; Howorth 2000 and 2005b). Others focus on processes of …” „… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 13 11.05.2009 15:40:24 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …” „… gauged. Thus, looking through the lens of learning theories provides a change of the analytical …”

Defining organizational learning and change S. 97-99

„… what is at the heart of the analysis of learning processes.3.1.4 Defining organizational learning and …” „… the political process. It should thus be fit to serve the two functions of analysis and prescription …” „… understanding that is reached with regard to certain incoming information rather than the exact processes of …”

Scope conditions, or: When and how learning and change occur S. 209-212

„… and barriers have conditioned processes of learning and change in European foreign policy?As for the …” „… Chapter 7: Learning and Change in EU Foreign Policy—An Assessment209Policy and Vice-President of …” „… nation states, dispose of too. This list of changes stemming from learning instances of EUSR work …”

Summary of instances of organizational change (phase 2) S. 207-209

„… processes of learning and change in European foreign policy?As for the filters, organizational culture is …” „… instances of organizational change (phase 2)Now it is possible to assess the influence that these eighteen …” „… instances of organizational learning have had on learning-based change, i. e. on how the EU makes use of …”

Learning and change–alternative explanations S. 91-95

„… —organizational learning). This learning process has to be analytically separated from eventually ensuing change …” „… , i. e. a change of the organization’s shape or behavior based on a change of the organizational …” „… routines (phase 2—organizational change). To avoid the value-loaded notion of ‘learning,’ I simply label …”

ESDP chain of command S. 185-187

„… see the EU split on a certain issue.6.14.1 Ensuing changeThe established practice of international …” „… back-and-forth learning process took place (cf. section 5.4). While the first step did further a dominant role of …” „… 185 11.05.2009 15:42:53 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …”

Variables and hypotheses S. 107-110

„… change):Hypothesis 3: While the secretariat of an international organization is largely autonomous in its learning …” „… design—may limit completion of this process.The following graphs display this two-phase process …” „… and hypothesesThe detailed model of learning processes presented above provides an answer to the …”

Tasks S. 137-142

„… Action. One is to keep this mandate broad and open for a change of events on the ground and to do so …” „… are sometimes shared with the EU’s first pillar, like contributions to the political process of the …” „… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 137 11.05.2009 15:42:23 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …”

The real world: Learning in politics S. 95-97

„… unearth the more long-term processes of learning and change in foreign policy decision-making systems …” „… up with my own definition of organizational learning and change at the end of this section.3.1.3 …” „… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 95 11.05.2009 15:41:46 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …”

Standardization of general mandate provisions S. 176-177

„… , to draw from. 6.8.1 Ensuing changeThe introduction of a multi-stage selection procedure involving …” „… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives176#35 …” „… less laborious involvement of the PSC, and the review process introduced has helped to better adjust …”

External cooperation S. 187-189

„… cooperationTurning to how the EU deals with partners, the Union’s process of learning about external cooperation (cf …” „… of the Great Lakes’), for Sudan (the ‘Abuja Process’ for the South plus the ‘Joint Commission’ for …” „… UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives188‘5+2’ talks …”

Selection of EUSRs S. 177-179

„… candidates, including female ones, to draw from. 6.8.1 Ensuing changeThe introduction of a multi-stage …” „… Representative.6.9.1 Ensuing changeMeasured against the claim of the first seminar to “maximize the potential of …” „… proposed structural changes (Interviewee #32). 6.8 Selection of EUSRsThe rules described above about how to …”

Double-hatting S. 195-200

„… Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives196the Commission and the …” „… case of its presence in Macedonia, produced positive change: “Double-hatting […] favoured a sea-change …” „… ). The majority of tasks relate to the accession process rather than to the EUSR’s mandate (Interviewee …”

Summary and outlook S. 232-236

„… differentiate OL-based change from non-learning-based change?So far the EUSRs have been treated as a case of …” „… ) states than from international organizationsEvidence of Learning and ChangeInvention of EUSRs; Increasing …” „… as a Result of ReflectionLearning-based changeOrganizational learning (Phase 1)Organizational …”

Integration into CFSP structures S. 166-169

„… control by—Solana and the PSC towards EUSRs in certain regions. 6.3.1 Ensuing changeA major result of the …” „… major barrier to more change—based on the little learning that exists—is the unwillingness of member …” „… seconded by member states can also be seen as an impediment.6.4.1 Ensuing changeAs a consequence of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013.2.3 The processes of learning and change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043.3 The …” „… political decision-making process and promote the understanding of German foreign policy and international …” „… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 8 11.05.2009 15:40:21 UhrTable of Contents9Chapter 6: Institutional and Policy Change based on …”

Cooperation with the Commission and the Parliament S. 172-176

„… understanding of the organizational procedures of either party. 6.6.1 Ensuing changeChange resulting from the …” „… Ensuing changeThe streamlined reporting has led to regular though less laborious involvement of the PSC …” „… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives172row …”

Policy input S. 151-153

„… policy analysis led to this change of routines.5.6.1 Rewriting of rulesToday’s routines stipulate that …” „… 11.05.2009 15:42:32 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special …” „… Union intervention in the peace process and on the best way of pursuing European Union initiatives and …”

Invention of EUSRs S. 117-119

„… the Great Lakes and the Middle East Peace Process that had led to a change of routines: First as a …” „… Representatives in 1996 is, of course, the most fundamental change with regard to the research topic. It was …” „… Rewriting of rulesThe first change of written rules followed the proposal from the Commissioner for …”

Policy input S. 189-193

„… 191 11.05.2009 15:42:57 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …” „… unwilling to follow the latter’s potentially obliging political advice.6.15.1 Ensuing changeAs a general …” „… EUSR is in place, and which are hard to overcome.6.16.1 Ensuing changeIn following the flexibility rule …”

External cooperation S. 149-151

„… parties to the peace process, other countries of the region, the United States and other interested …” „… peace process.”314 This principle was additionally recorded by the 2003 set of guidelines, which—in a …” „… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 149 11.05.2009 15:42:31 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …”

Establishing EUSR structures S. 169-171

„… .6.4.1 Ensuing changeAs a consequence of the lack of established rules described earlier (cf …” „… come from the constraints of the CFSP budget. 6.5.1 Ensuing changeThe first learning instance, the …” „… certain times did member states clearly keep control over the process, for example in the timing of the …”

ESDP chain of command S. 146-149

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives146 …” „… Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives148a particular or stated …” „… the respective changes to the mandate of EUPOL Afghanistan. 312 Usually, mandate amendments take the …”

Invention of EUSRs S. 163-164

„… increase of EUSR mandates over the past decade (cf. next section). 6.1.1 Ensuing changeThe most visible …” „… Ensuing changeThe main political change resulting from this learning about the use of EUSRs is an …” „… chapters scrutinized what was called ‘phase one’ of the learning-based change model of organizational …”

Budgetary issues S. 171-172

„… . 6.5.1 Ensuing changeThe first learning instance, the appropriation of the EUSR budget by the Council …” „… understanding of the organizational procedures of either party. 6.6.1 Ensuing changeChange resulting from the …” „… 11.05.2009 15:42:45 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special …”

The EU's strategic role S. 200-202

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives200end …” „… boldness in decision-making that are visible already today.6.18.1 Ensuing changeLearning about the EU’s …” „… strategic roleAs explained previously (cf. section 5.9), the strategic role of the EU has a long history …”

Increased number of EUSRs S. 164-166

„… such change.6.2.1 Ensuing changeThe main political change resulting from this learning about the use of …” „… by—Solana and the PSC towards EUSRs in certain regions. 6.3.1 Ensuing changeA major result of the …” „… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives164 …”

EU political coordination S. 183-185

„… differing policy priorities.6.12.1 Ensuing changeThe enhanced coordination role of the EUSR has had both …” „… Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives184The internal coordination …” „… back-and-forth learning process took place (cf. section 5.4). While the first step did further a dominant role of …”

Deliberate use of envoys S. 193-195

„… 15:42:59 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives194(5 …” „… Royaumont Process and for Yugoslavia, it was mainly a lack of success—and not the completion of tasks—that …” „… .6.16.1 Ensuing changeIn following the flexibility rule, the EU has gained leeway in deploying the …”

Treaty changes in Amsterdam and Nice S. 31-33

„… .1.2.1 Treaty changes in Amsterdam and NiceThe Treaty revision of Amsterdam brought significant changes …” „… UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives32The appointment …” „… creation of the PSC fundamentally changed the structure in which EUSRs operated. The first two of them …”

EU political coordination S. 144-146

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives144before …” „… Herzegovina] triggered a useful, albeit late, lessons learned process […] a noteworthy example of …” „… complexity of their mandates.5.4.1 Rewriting of rulesAs for how rules have changed gradually over the years …”

The U. S. Special Envoys S. 68-74

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives68of …” „… has brought the well-known changes to the structure of international conflicts, demanding in response …” „… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 69 11.05.2009 15:41:26 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …”

Model of explanation S. 106-107

„… constraints that act as barriers in phase 2. A learning process may be completed by the change of the rules …” „… in a process of reflection, that may lead to a change of the organizational rules. This …” „… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives106 …”

Organizational Learning as a middle-range theory S. 212-215

„… processes can change the allegiances of national officials. They wonder whether—given these fairly …” „… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives212given …” „… a barrier can thus be subsumed under change resistance of member states, just like (with regard to …”

Implications for explanations of European foreign policy S. 218-227

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives218of …” „… not emulate any existing set of envoys when introducing the EUSRs. What could be seen is a process of …” „… feature of how change has come about: It corroborates the view of those who claim that external events …”

Implications for International Relations theory S. 215-218

„… say that learning processes do not diminish the democratic credentials of EU policy-making. While OL …” „… controlled, the implementation of learning experiences into change is very much subject to the will of the …” „… study highlights the different dynamics of learning and change: The first phase (organizational …”

Methodology S. 113-115

„… change.3.3.4 MethodologyThe methodology applied is that of process tracing, which has seen a recent …” „… For the present study, this implies an analysis of the processes of learning and change along the …” „… and the method of process tracing (cf. Tansey 2007, 3). The latter is deemed particularly useful when …”

Summary of instances of organizational learning (phase 1) S. 203-207

„… and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives204assess the …” „… instances of organizational learning and ensuing change that had been deduced earlier on (cf. subsection …” „… organisationel (7.1.1).365 As a next step, instances of subsequent change (i. e. where organizational learning …”

Secondary sources S. 251-267

„… UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives252Allen, David …” „… Coleman (2005) Designing Police: Interpol and the Study of Change in International Organizations, in …” „… (1992) The lessons of learning: Reconciling theories of policy learning and policy change, in: Policy …”

New mandates: Macedonia, Afghanistan S. 33-36

„… , though—only a change of guard. At the end of October, Alain Le Roy replaced his fellow countryman Léotard …” „… diplomat—this change of personnel reflected the progress made on the way to pacifying the conflicting parties …” „… Association Process, SAP).62 Today, EU action in Macedonia is often hailed as a successful example of, if not …”

The Great Lakes S. 21-26

„… account of their work, linking it to different phases of development as well as to changes in the …” „… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 21 11.05.2009 15:40:29 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …” „… Peace Process, furthering the development of European foreign policy. In the following it will be shown …”

Mandates continued, and ceased: Great Lakes, Middle East, former Yugoslavia S. 36-38

„… changes in Brussels.66The Middle East Peace Process was marred by the outbreak of the so-called second …” „… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives36In …” „… son, Joseph Kabila, took over and embarked on a process of national dialogue, democratization, and …”

List of Abbreviations S. 242-244

„… : The Two-Phase Process of Organizational Learning and Change . . . . . 112Table 1: Eight Different …” „… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives242B …” „… ParliamentMEPP Middle East Peace ProcessNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationOAU Organization of African …”

Implications for the EU foreign service S. 230-232

„… (change resistance and institutional design in phase 2). In addition to this modeling of the process of …” „… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives2307.3.2 …” „… more coherence that could be taken without a Treaty change, and mentioned the EUSRs only as part of …”

Envoys as boundary spanners S. 227-230

„… and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives2307.3.2 Implications …” „… more coherence that could be taken without a Treaty change, and mentioned the EUSRs only as part of …” „… Chapter 7: Learning and Change in EU Foreign Policy—An Assessment2272004b, 4). This leads me to …”

The EU’s strategic role S. 158-162

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives158 …” „… debate about a potential EU foreign minister. Discussions about the change of mandate for the EUSR ran …” „… 159 11.05.2009 15:42:38 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …”

Former Yugoslavia S. 29-31

„… 11.05.2009 15:40:39 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special …” „… and the European Parliament were also associated with the process, as were the OSCE and the Council of …” „… .1.2.1 Treaty changes in Amsterdam and NiceThe Treaty revision of Amsterdam brought significant changes …”

Budgetary issues S. 125-128

„… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 125 11.05.2009 15:42:15 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …” „… ‘Special Advisors.’ This contract involved a change in the budgetary responsibility for the financing of …” „… /CFSP of 25 March 1996) and the Middle East Peace Process (Article 3 of Council Joint Action 96/676 …”

The Middle East Peace Process S. 26-29

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives26efforts …” „… joint actions should be applied. One of these areas was to accompany “the Middle-East peace process by …” „… . Dietl 2005, 104. For an analysis of the interconnectedness of the Barcelona Process and the Middle …”

Selection of EUSRs S. 133-136

„… selection process (Council of the European Union 2003b, 5).Gradually, from 2004 onwards, the selection …” „… process became more complex until, in 2007, a new set of guidelines codified the practice of a …” „… Process worked as head of the Middle East task force in the Policy Unit. As a Belgian diplomat, he also …”

Double-hatting S. 155-158

„… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 155 11.05.2009 15:42:35 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …” „… doing what. At the beginning, the EUSR assisted in political processes and the implementation of the …” „… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 157 11.05.2009 15:42:36 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …”

Case selection: Why study the EUSRs? S. 82-84

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives82 …” „… why, in addition, they are a useful case for the study of organizational learning processes will be …” „… UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives84Annan called …”

Analytical inferences from antecedent envoys S. 74-80

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives74of …” „… UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives76Function and …” „… 11.05.2009 15:41:31 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special …”

Different roles of special envoys S. 80-82

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives80 …” „… processes.”2008_EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 81 11.05.2009 15:41:34 UhrLearning and Change in European …” „… a useful case for the study of organizational learning processes will be given at the end of the …”

Cooperation with the Commission and the Parliament S. 128-131

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives1284.6 …” „… change of the rules reflects the more politicized role the Commission has acquired over the past decade …” „… lever to change things. Only when it threatens to use its bud-284 For a good overview of the …”

New and different tasks S. 54-56

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives54Compact …” „… UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives56Given that the …” „… work of envoys and their potential function in processes of organizational learning. On this basis, I …”

The EU Special Representatives S. 57-62

„… 59 11.05.2009 15:41:18 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …” „… Brussels policy-making process. Another important role is that of internal coordination, given that the …” „… process” (ibid.).169 While to the detriment of member states’ capitals, this ‘Brusselisation’ nonetheless …”

Index of Figures S. 244

„… : The Two-Phase Process of Organizational Learning and Change . . . . . 112Table 1: Eight Different …” „… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives244C …” „… and Change . . . . . . . . . 112Table 4: Internal and External Roles of EUSRs—Empirical …”

Establishing EUSR structures S. 124-125

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives124 …” „… restructuring process is part of a fluid system still in the making (Interviewee #16).4.4 Establishing EUSR …” „… process could be observed, typical for the trial-and-error period of the early days of EUSR life …”

Index of Tables S. 244-245

„… : The Two-Phase Process of Organizational Learning and Change . . . . . 112Table 1: Eight Different …” „… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives244C …” „… and Change . . . . . . . . . 112Table 4: Internal and External Roles of EUSRs—Empirical …”

New missions, new mandates S. 38-46

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives38in the …” „… face of Yugoslav defiance.74 The mandate of the Coordinator of the Royaumont Process was revoked one …” „… UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives40Figure 6: Map …”

Current or former staff from the EUSRs, the Council Secretariat (including the Policy Unit), member states’ permanent missions or foreign ministries S. 239-241

„… 239A. List of IntervieweesNote: All institutions are based in Brussels, except otherwise noted …” „… . Interviews took place at the seat of the institution, unless otherwise noted. Positions are given for the …” „… time of the interview, unless a specific time frame is given in brackets.1. Current or former EU …”

Standardization of general mandate provisions S. 131-133

„… of general provisions contained in each EUSR mandate can be considered part of rational process, in …” „… the selection of EUSRs: On the one hand, the selection process has been refined, not least in order …” „… inform member states on the progress in the selection process (Council of the European Union 2003b, 5 …”

Acknowledgements S. 11-12

„… me in the process of writing this dissertation. First of all, I thank Prof. Dr. Eberhard …” „… 11.05.2009 15:40:23 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special …” „… cognitive process such as learning even more so. Thus I owe great thanks to the many people that supported …”

The subject of learning S. 99-101

„… consideration the subject, the environment, and the processes of learning. This framework will form the basis …” „… _EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 99 11.05.2009 15:41:51 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU …” „… in order to detect the activities of boundary spanners that trigger learning processes within an …”

Tenures extended S. 46-49

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives46a …” „… handed over to the Belgian Alexis Brouhns.120 This change of nationality in the person of EUSR also …” „… Discussions about the EUSR’s mandate centred on the question of how robust the civilmilitary supporting …”

Mandates continued S. 51-54

„… Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives52improvements in direct …” „… 11.05.2009 15:41:14 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special …” „… Chapter 1: Pushing the Frontiers of European Foreign Policy51professionalise civilian crisis …”

Integration into CFSP structures S. 121-124

„… 11.05.2009 15:42:12 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special …” „… is another example of why the whole restructuring process is part of a fluid system still in the …” „… notwithstanding, member states need to be convinced of the advantages of an EUSR in a given situation because …”

Basis of operations of EUSRs S. 142-144

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives1425.2 …” „… 15:42:28 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives144 …” „… Basis of operations of EUSRsContrary to the roving ambassadors from national foreign services to which …”

Summary of the theoretical approach S. 115-116

„… this body of learning experiences has resulted in organizational change, both at the institutional and …” „… Chapter 3: Theoretical and Methodological Approach115The data-gathering process thus follows, to …” „… the extent that this was possible, the postulates of “empirical triangulation” (cf. Patton 2002, 556 …”

The UN Special Representatives S. 62-68

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives62their …” „… responsibilities of the SRSG: “Facilitator of a political process; Head of UN presence; Head of Mission; and …” „… of their work. 2008_EU_Learn_Diss_Adebahr.indb 65 11.05.2009 15:41:23 UhrLearning and Change in …”

Lessons-learned seminars S. 136

„… Learning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives1364.9 …” „… Lessons-learned seminarsNine years after the Special Envoys were introduced, a first get-together of all EUSRs …” „… .4.9.1 Rewriting of rulesThe first-ever EUSR meeting, organized in June 2005, followed a general and a …”

Staff from European-policy think tanks S. 241-242

„… Advisor, EUSR for the Middle East Peace ProcessRainer Uher, Coordination Unit, Council SecretariatClemens …” „… von Goetze, PSC Ambassador, Permanent Mission of Germany to the European UnionTania von Uslar, Policy …” „… Policy Unit, Council Secretariat3. Staff from the European Commission and Members of the European …”

Official publications and speeches S. 247-250

„… Annex247F. BibliographyNote: All internet links are valid as of 30 March 2009.1. Official …” „… publications and speechesCouncil of the European Union (1999) Annual report from the Council to the European …” „… Parliament on the main aspects and basic choices of CFSP, including the financial implications for the …”

Deutschsprachige Zusammenfassung S. 245-247

„… 11.05.2009 15:43:32 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special …” „… East Peace Process, FYROM and the Stability Pact. Doc. 14003/02. Brussels, 3 December 2002.Council of …” „… . BibliographyNote: All internet links are valid as of 30 March 2009.1. Official publications and speechesCouncil of …”

Internal consolidation S. 49-51

„… 15:41:11 UhrLearning and Change in European Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Special Representatives …” „… four years and generally strengthening the evaluation process “with a view to assessing the renewal of …” „… Chapter 1: Pushing the Frontiers of European Foreign Policy49tion of Kosovo as SRSG. The Swedish …”

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Norbert Pelzer - Europäisches Atomhaftungsrecht im Umbruch

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Norbert Pelzer (ed.)

Europäisches Atomhaftungsrecht im Umbruch

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Stanley D. Berger Update on Canadian Nuclear Liability and the Themes for Nuclear Inter Jura 200 Grußansprache des Präsidenten der AIDN/INLA S. 23-30

„… has commenced the process of Second Reading in the Canadian Parliament.2 As the predecessor to the …” „… facilities. If an operator wished to process nuclear waste out of Canadian territory, the legal position …” „… aspects of the procurement process and risk allocation in contracts for New Build. The importance of …”

Eliana Danzi Some Reflections on the Exclusion of Nuclear Damage from the Scope of Application of the Environmental Liability Directive S. 191-212

„… processes of environmental damage is undoubted and is well synthesized in the expression adopted by the …” „… . It has been pointed out that »environmental changes can have a diverse range of impacts on production …” „… value of such changes can be estimated as the impacts on the future stream of profits (the net value of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… a Process of Change Tagungsbericht der AIDN / INLA-Regionaltagung in Berlin 2009 Nomos Norbert …” „… Pelzer (Hrsg.) Europäisches Atomhaftungsrecht im Umbruch European Nuclear Liability Law in a Process of …” „… Change Tagungsbericht der AIDN / INLA-Regionaltagung am 30. Juni und 1. Juli 2009 in Berlin Im Auftrag …”

Vanda Lamm The Unification of Nuclear Liability Law within the EU Member States from the Viewpoint of a Party to the Vienna Convention S. 213-220

„… systems of 216 conventions were amended and during the process of amendment they regarded the other …” „… implementation in the municipal laws of these States were on the agenda. Although, the Protocol didn’t change …” „… negotiations on the amendment of the Vienna Convention in process, and upon the formulation of the liability …”

Roh Hathlia The 2004 Paris Convention – The Issue of Third Party Nuclear Liability Insurance and a Methodology for Calculating the Premium for Environmental Heads of Damages: A UK Perspective S. 75-86

„… 75 Roh Hathlia, Department of Energy and Climate Change, London The 2004 Paris Convention – The …” „… stage process: (a) Establish the potential cost of claims »expected loss«; and (b) Set a price for the …” „… fictional example of how this process is carried out. It is important to note that this method assumes that …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845222578

International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis - Bioenergetic Analysis

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International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis

Bioenergetic Analysis

Series: edition psychosozial

Volume 2016

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Joerg Clauer Elements of Comprehending Change-Processes in BA. From Isolated Self-Regulation to Interactive Regulation: Embodied Resonance (Empathy) and Physical Encounter S. 75-110

„… Elements of Comprehending Change-Processes in BA1 From Isolated Self-Regulation to Interactive …” „… two case studies this paper aims to present some elements in comprehending change-processes of …” „… self in various ways: Elements of Comprehending Change-Processes in BA 77 ➢ A patient with a …”

Margit Koemeda-Lutz, Aureliano Crameri, Peter Schulthess, Agnes von Wyl, Volker Tschuschke Searching for Active Factors in Diverse Approaches to Psychotherapy – Types of Intervention and Temporal Aspects Brief Research Report S. 119-136

„… more complex and “deeper” levels of processing in patients, possibly indicating processes of change …” „… differences (see e. g. Lambert, 2013), and only very fewhave closely examined the process of treatment. The …” „… disorders, as well as theories of change. Different types of psychotherapy justify their existence by the …”

Vincentia Schroeter Polyvagal Theory. Introduction for Somatic Psychotherapy S. 9-40

„… influence our viscera via the cognitive and affective processes related to our perspective of the world and …” „… automatic process. Neuroception is an unconscious detection of safety or danger. For example, when we are in …” „… “Portals” or points of entry to affect a change in the ANS branches. Chitty (2013) reports “ANS portals are …”

Vita Heinrich-Clauer Body Resonance and the Voice S. 137-161

„… expression in the psychotherapeutic process. There is an examination of the idiosyncrasies of bioenergetic …” „… ” processes. Furthermore, we see how difficult it is to integrate a kind of “doing the sound” with emotional …” „… here and now of the therapeutic encounter as well as on energetic processes (catharsis vs. containment …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… , and Grounding 41 Gerald Perlman Elements of Comprehending Change-Processes in BA 75 From Isolated …” „… The Clinical Journal of the International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis (2016) Volume 26 …” „… Psychosozial-Verlag Submissions for consideration for the next volume of Bioenergetic Analysis must be sent to the …”

Gerald Perlman On Falling, Holding, and Grounding S. 41-74

„… change. We are terrified of letting go; terrified, in fact, of living at all, since learning to live is …” „… therapist, Sidney Jourard’s (1968) discussion of change in the course of psychotherapy. He posits that if …” „… go of the false self, there is a fear of going out of one’s mind. Because indeed, for change to occur …”

doi.org/10.30820/9783837972573

Ines Härtel, Roman Budzinowski - Food Security, Food Safety, Food Quality

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Ines Härtel (ed.), Roman Budzinowski (ed.)

Food Security, Food Safety, Food Quality

Series: Forum Umwelt-, Agrar- und Klimaschutzrecht

Volume 8 2016

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Mathias Olbrisch § 18 Organic Farming 3.0 – towards a process of legal change S. 223-232

„… Organic Farming 3.0 – towards a process of legal change Mathias Olbrisch Introduction Food Change …” „… Farming 3.0 – towards a process of legal change 225 sion to define the threshold values. Firstly, this …” „… process of legal change 227 compulsory certification would be extended to the whole value chain, which …”

Izabela Lipińska § 15 Contractual relations on the EU agricultural market in the context of food security and production risk S. 187-196

„… farmer is not always capable of keeping up with changes on the market and adjusting production to them …” „… the process of shaping contractual relations in the field of agricultural production. No …” „… the combination of many factors, such as indicators reflecting the change to market conditions, the …”

Anne-Kristin Mayer § 16 The regulation of endocrine disruptors in plant protection products – a hazard for food safety? S. 197-208

„… substance, which has to undergo a complex authorisation process. Nonetheless, especially representatives of …” „… , the roadmap of the European Commission, which is still subject to change, names three approaches to …” „… regulatory consequences are not changed. Option B: Introduction of elements of further element of risk …”

Agnieszka Szymecka-Wesołowska § 7 Responsibility of the distributor for food labelling – a revolution? S. 91-102

„… significant changes concerning food labelling, including the division of responsibility between different …” „… changes were introduced by this Regulation. Rules concerning responsibility of the entities on the market …” „… phrase mainly refers to entities that do not participate in the process of labelling food products and …”

Malte Wilhelm § 22 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the influence on food industry S. 271-282

„… submit to these Guidelines and provided to change their national understanding of international …” „… the business world. CSR can therefore change this perception and can strengthen the confidence of …” „… exposition of applied due diligence processes which permit an evaluation of the results of the business model …”

Christina A. Flaskühler § 6 Patents on food – important questions in a world of radical changes S. 79-90

„… Patents on food – important questions in a world of radical changes Christina A. Flaskühler …” „… opinion, the claim refers to “essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals …” „… does “essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals” mean. 10 SMART-Breeding …”

Łukasz Mikołaj Sokołowski § 10 New regulation on Novel Foods S. 127-140

„… authorisation process. While the objective of the changes is certainly very positive, it should be concluded …” „… authorisation process6. An assessment of Regulation 258/97, carried out in 2002, and the subsequent consultation …” „… significant changes in the composition or structure of the food affecting its nutritional value, metabolism or …”

Christian Thomas § 5 Requirements for the safety of food commodities S. 71-78

„… material to food that threatens human health or may cause an unacceptable organoleptic change of the food …” „… use-purpose, and without endangering human health or bring about an face change in the composition of the …” „… Requirements for the safety of food commodities Christian Thomas Introduction Throughout its life …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… EU Law§ 17 209 Anna Kapała Organic Farming 3.0 – towards a process of legal change§ 18 223 Mathias …” „… change: Food shortage was replaced by abundance of food in Europe, eating became more convenient …” „… – important questions in a world of radical changes § 6 79 Christina A. Flaskühler 7 Responsibility of the …”

Adam Zielinski § 3 The role of the European Food Safety Authority in shaping the safety and quality of food S. 47-58

„… consultation process for the European Commission, European Parliament and, in the area of implementing EFSA …” „… parameters in terms of production technology, size or weight and the requirements arising from the process of …” „… process consisting of three interconnected components: risk assessment, risk management and risk …”

Elisa Aust § 21 Facilitations and difficulties in the development of common food safety standards – Codex Alimentarius and TTIP S. 257-270

„… and standardization by a regulatory process? Both Unions and systems of food safety and food quality …” „… Committee shall include the monitoring and controlling of the whole regulatory process relating to SPS …” „… regarded generally as a litmus test34. This is because a change in the policy of food influences the …”

Krzysztof Różański § 9 Food safety and food security in the light of the European Court of Justice judgment concerning the presence of GMO`s pollen in honey and its influence on the Honey Directive and relevant existing legislation S. 115-126

„… provides a similar exemption for cheese, butter, fermented milk and cream. A change in the status of pollen …” „… Food safety and food security in the light of the European Court of Justice judgment concerning the …” „… presence of GMO`s pollen in honey and its influence on the Honey Directive and relevant existing …”

Ines Härtel § 1 The Right to Food – normative references in the multi-level system S. 13-34

„… . Due to the development of international law, processes of “constitutional changes without changes in …” „… references in the multi-level system Ines Härtel Disparity of problems for world food The Bible states: Man …” „… does not live by bread alone – but that indeed means first of all by bread. He must eat to ensure his …”

Aneta Suchoň § 19 The participation and significance of cooperatives in food supply chains – selected legal issues S. 233-244

„… Traditional Specialty Guaranteed. Changes to the EU rules and the implementation of the Regulation (EU …” „… process milk from their members. Under the membership contract, a member of the cooperative undertakes to …” „… The participation and significance of cooperatives in food supply chains – selected legal issues …”

Mathias Olbrisch § 11 Health Claims – challenges and chances for management decisions in food industry S. 141-152

„… single list; consequently the establishment of various lists and of a staged admission-process would not …” „… legislative goals apparent in recitals 1, 2 and 14 of the HCR.29 Furthermore, the procedure to change the …” „… Introduction The labelling of food with health claims, according to Regulation (EC) 1924/2006 of the European …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845273334

Renate Kirsch, Elke Siehl, Albrecht Stockmayer - Transformation, Politics and Implementation

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Renate Kirsch (ed.), Elke Siehl (ed.), Albrecht Stockmayer (ed.)

Transformation, Politics and Implementation

2017

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Yvonne Müller, Stephanie Schell-Faucon Implementing Change Processes for Inclusive Social and Economic Development in Situations of Conflict and Fragility: Lessons from the Philippines S. 263-302

„… Implementing Change Processes for Inclusive Social and Economic Development in Situations of …” „… advice and financial support. The implementation of this change process – hereinafter referred to as “the …” „… collaboration of GIZ with Butuan City and its partners. In the following, we refer to this whole change process …”

Renate Kirsch, Elke Siehl, and Albrecht Stockmayer Smart Implementation in Development Cooperation: An Introduction to Issues and Concepts S. 21-48

„… support to a change process, but the implementation is predominantly the responsibility of the partners in …” „… organizations in partner countries through change processes by means of predominantly in-kind advisory services …” „… teams accompany the change process of a partner government or institutions, in which the partners …”

Neil Hatton Polka or Parker? What Management Could Learn About Smart Implementation from Music S. 49-74

„… behavior of social systems. When the change process (e.g., the production of a car) takes place in a …” „… change process becomes important (e.g., the design and implementation of a better health system), this …” „… guiding organizations through the process of change and development, there is a large body of practice (if …”

Pauline Heusterberg, Renate Kirsch, Elke Siehl, and Albrecht Stockmayer Smart Implementation in Transformation: Findings and Outlook S. 325-360

„… domestic actors in their capacity to lead and drive the change process forward. A second set of advisors …” „… that of the team change throughout the implementation process. Likewise, several roles can be needed at …” „… , and Albrecht Stockmayer 346 the shifts and turns of the change process, and the team’s composition …”

Franziska Böhm, Christopher Weigand Rule of Law in Public Administration: Building Up an Administrative Legal System in the South Caucasus S. 221-246

„… coordinators and the national agents of change went beyond the drafting process and also had an impact on the …” „… development of a market-oriented economy and the rule of law. The transformation process included extensive …” „… process and without the possibility of appealing an administrative decision before an independent court …”

Markus Steinich, Thomas Fiegle, Anne Hitzegrad, and Agnes Wiedemann Reforming the Legacy of an Authoritarian State: The Case of Tunisia S. 123-150

„… ; action-training or training for change increases the possibility of real change; change has to take place on the …” „… consolidation and as part of a process of greater integration with the European Union. However, the core thrust …” „… International Academy for Good Governance Started in 2015 • Training of change agents • Coaching projects for …”

Melanie Wiskow Strengthening the Eastern Partnership in Azerbaijan: Challenges in Implementing a Civil Service Training Capacity Program with a Focus on EU Affairs S. 247-262

„… trainings. The institutional setup of EU (co)financed projects left limited room for changes and adaptation …” „… framework (logframe) and a corresponding budget. Any changes to the activities or other elements of the …” „… finalized after the quality of the services had also been confirmed in writing by the CSC. This process …”

Christine Brendel, Franziska Gutzeit, and Jazmín Ponce Safe Enterprises: Implementation Experiences of Involving the Private Sector in Preventing and Fighting Violence Against Women in Peru S. 195-220

„… landscape of its partners is an ongoing process. The results of monitoring that is based on facts were used …” „… management approach was chosen. This means there has to be a process of continuous searching and questioning …” „… difficult process that received a lot of resistance from companies. They showed no interest, refused to set …”

Tim Auracher, Heiner von Lüpke Challenges and Opportunities for Implementing Financing Mechanisms for Climate Change Mitigation Guided by Principles of Good Financial Governance: The Case of Indonesia S. 303-324

„… Implementing Financing Mechanisms for Climate Change Mitigation 315 The process of developing the policy brief …” „… commitment into framework regulations in 2011. The specific challenge of financing climate change mitigation …” „… only to advisory processes related to climate finance in the area of the reduction of GHG emissions …”

Sabrina Storm FOCEVAL – Promoting Evaluation Capacities in Costa Rica: Smart(er) Implementation with Capacity WORKS? S. 175-194

„… (change processes) of the project as well as the permanent processes in the sectors and countries where …” „… change, strategy, and support processes within the program sequencing of – and entry points for – change …” „… evaluation; had overhauled the compilation process and methodological setup of the National Development Plan …”

Astrid Karamira, Mark Mattner Reforming Liberia’s Mining License Administration System: Circumventing Implementation Challenges by Adapting Lessons from Sierra Leone S. 99-122

„… paper addresses is how best to support complex change processes that involve all three levels of …” „… the utility of the holistic approach to supporting change processes taken by the Regional Resource …” „… implementation of change processes. This has also been the experience of MCAS implementation in Liberia, as not …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… division reviewed its understanding of change processes and adopted the concept of transformation, which …” „… to manage implementation in such contexts?” “What can or needs to change about the implementation of …” „… contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics and frame conditions that shape implementation processes …”

Godje Bialluch, Lisa Hiemer, Ruan Kitshoff, and Tobias Tschappe Smart Implementation of Public Service Administration Reform in South Africa: Experiences from the Governance Support Programme S. 151-174

„… cooperation can provide to national change processes. The role of the advisor here is to be a neutral …” „… demonstrate that the content of cooperation changes, but that there are a few underlying principles of how the …” „… and guidance when supporting reform processes in the area of governance and administration and beyond …”

Verena Fritz Doing Development Differently: Understanding the Landscape and Implications of New Approaches to Governance and Public-sector Reforms S. 75-98

„… “drivers of change” (DoC) approach, an authorizing environment was provided in the late 1990s and early …” „… explicitly part of the process of selecting and designing development interventions would enable greater …” „… in several of the studies, mainly as a driver preventing change, or undermining efforts at …”

About the authors S. 361-372

„… governance reform processes in Zambia, Kenya, and Tanzania. All in all, she has nearly 20 years of long-term …” „… States. She focuses on gender equality, democracy promotion, organizational change, development processes …” „… areas of expertise include state-building processes, political economy analysis, and public-sector and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845280516

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