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P. T. Babie, Charles J. Russo, James Kent Donlevy - Canada 2022–2023

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P. T. Babie, Charles J. Russo, James Kent Donlevy

Canada 2022–2023

2022

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POLITICAL SYSTEM S. 76-133

„… have a parliamentary system of government influenced by the politi-cal experiences of the British …” „… (PM) and cabinet, to be appointed by the POLITICAL SYSTEM77CanadaGovernor General (the Queen’s …” „… them-selves who have shaped their own politi-cal system. It is they who have adapted to their unique situation …”

PARTIES AND ELECTIONS S. 134-154

„… 134CanadaLike any modern democracy, the Cana-dian political system could not function without …” „… and orientation. The federal system, which fragments the political process, helps such parties to …” „… Québécois and the Reform Party, both pro-test movements committed to remaking the federal system.Campbell …”

HISTORY S. 39-75

„… political system continues to resemble that of the United Kingdom .Canadians on the whole are more in-clined …” „… , and regional differences. The constitution left much room for the Canadian political system to evolve …” „… /0649743Canadapeasants rendered feudal services in the form of rents and work.The system was not as rigid …”

ECONOMY S. 183-208

„… Sault Ste. Marie and into the St. Lawrence Seaway system.MiningCanada is one of the world’s major …” „… sustain-ability of the system.It is not clear that these transfer payments significantly improve poorer regions …” „… a landmark agreement was reached establishing a sys-tem of flexible catch quotas and a $140 million …”

FOREIGN POLICY S. 155-171

„… domestic political system is complicated. The provinces are very powerful and can sometimes place limits on …” „… negotiated a treaty needs to worry about whether Parliament will ratify it.The American political system …” „… do the Canadian. The American political system enables rela-tively unknown persons of various …”

Preface

„… System 76Constitution 78Governmental Structure 80The Monarch 80The Governor General 82The Political …” „… systemsUniversities and collegesHigh schoolsFederal and state agenciesAll branches of the armed forces and war …” „… sociology and political science from the University of Calgary, a BThSt from Flinders University, a LLB from …”

DEFENSE S. 172-182

„… punishment.There have been other warnings about the political radicalization of some young Canadians. Two friends …” „… play a role as financial, military and political leader of the free world. This role brought increased …” „… Canada’s leadership in the world.” As in political and economic affairs, Canada is linked with and …”

CULTURE S. 3-16

„… different cultures and languages, and has a different political heritage. Its political system is British by …” „… of three barleycorns laid side-by-side, is not as logical as the metric system.Canadian roads are …” „… according to the political winds. Radio stations must devote 30% of their airtime to Canadian music, even …”

FUTURE S. 209-210

„… later renamed Nanos Research) in 2005 revealed that, despite their political differences, Canadians and …” „… unemployment than the U.S. The country benefited from a well-regulated banking system, growing Asian markets …” „… citizens. Canadians will continue to worry about Islamic ter-rorism. Reform of the electoral system has …”

PEOPLE S. 26-38

„… . Political, economic and social power is still held by people of European heritage. For example, of the 200 …” „… immigrants, followed by China. Chinese wield considerable political and economic influence, and they form a …” „… , a point system was introduced that assigned points for such things as years in school, numbers of …”

Web Sites and Bibliography of Key English-Language Books S. 211-221

„… America, 1754–1766. Toronto: Vin-tage Books, 2001.Baldwin, Douglas and Odnyak, Emily. Canada’s Political …” „… Political and So-cial History. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1982.McNaught, Kenneth. The Pelican …” „… United States: Nineteenth-Century Political Attitudes. Toronto: Macmillan, 1976.Zaslow, M., ed. The …”

GEOGRAPHY S. 17-25

„… with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants. Political pollsters detect an urban-rural split on such issues as …” „… political domi-nation of Canadian life by provinces to the west. In 2000, the region’s four premiers formed …” „… Montreal. All major Quebec political parties have their headquarters in the city, even though the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538165911

David M. Keithly - The USA and the World 2023-2024

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David M. Keithly

The USA and the World 2023-2024

2023

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Political Ideas and Political System S. 149-186

doi.org/10.5771/9781538176191

David M. Keithly - The USA and the World 2022-2023

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David M. Keithly

The USA and the World 2022-2023

2022

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Chapter Five: Political Ideas and Political System S. 148-184

doi.org/10.5771/9781538165799

Louis Perron - How to overcome the power of incumbency in election campaigns

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Louis Perron

How to overcome the power of incumbency in election campaigns

Series: Kommunikation in Politik und Wirtschaft

Volume 3 2010

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The political system S. 102-105

„… campaigns can make a big impact.The political systemPolitical scientists traditionally distinguish between a …” „… , we have only discussed the political systems at the national level. Thisneglects the fact that three …” „… , see Ruland 1990).104The electoral systemBeyond the government system, the electoral system has also an …”

The state and the consolidation of democracy S. 91-97

„… countryand of its political system that shape election campaigns. Indeed, election campaigns are not isolated …” „… German political system and theirrespective campaign styles.2 Brazilian and Philippine election campaign …” „… . Indeed, election campaigns are different from country to countrybecause the political system, the culture …”

The political culture S. 97-102

„… systemPolitical scientists traditionally distinguish between a parliamentary and a presidential system (Lauvaux …” „… that distinguish the political system in the East and the West. At first, the leftist party DieLinke is …” „… concept of political culture refers “to the meaning systems thatare culturally available for talking …”

Definition, evolution and advantage of the political marketing approach S. 39-44

„… political system.42Comparative marketing then focuses on the systematic study of similarities anddifferences …” „… political3.239marketing approach positioned? The perspective of the system focuses its analysison structure …” „… campaignstrategies are successful despite the important differences of national political systems and campaign styles …”

The party system S. 108-114

„… political system. To an important degree, the leftremained an armed, revolutionary force and as a result, a …” „… , expectations of results and subsequent results.The party systemLinked to the electoral system is the party …” „… ). The same is true for an American presidential election withthe winner takes it all system, which we …”

INTRODUCTION S. 15-26

„… show inchapter 7, election campaigns differ across countries because the political system,culture …” „… extent, however, are these globalchanges that operate independently of the political system? As we will …” „… open communicationsystem where the exchange of opinions and political communication between …”

Reservations of political science towards the study of campaigns S. 33-37

„… party systems. According to him,the configuration of a party system in the 1960s still reflected the …” „… system.Following this tradition, Bartolini (2000) showed in a long-term analysis from1860-1980, that the electoral …” „… THE POLITICAL MARKETING APPROACHElections and election campaigns are complex social interactions …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… The political culture7.1.2 97The political system7.1.3 102The electoral system7.1.4 105The party …” „… . that Istarted to research Asian and Latin American political systems. I perfectly remember the night …” „… elections have been my leisure time activity,my reason to study political science, the subject of my PhD and …”

Phase 2 of an election campaign: The creation of the political offer S. 47-52

„… systemPositioning and message developmentPositioning and message development describe the political offer candidates …” „… combination ofboth strategies but depending on the strength of the base and the political systemone might be …” „… , donors, political statements and opinions (Cooper 2003;Faucheux 2003a: part IV). In reality of course …”

BIBLIOGRAPHY S. 265-296

„… and Strategic Planning System forApplied Political Campaign Research and Communication. PhD thesis …” „… . 1998. Comparing Party System Change. Routledge/ECPR Studiesin European Political Science. London, New …” „… Studies 25 (2): 313-330.Kirchheimer, Otto. 1966. The Transformation of Western Party Systems. In Political …”

The electoral system S. 105-108

„… The electoral systemBeyond the government system, the electoral system has also an important …” „… systems. In a proportional system, on the other hand, there is more than oneparliamentary seat to be …” „… gets all electorsof that state. This has often been called a winner takes it all system.Brazil has a …”

Promotion of the political offer: Communication dimension S. 52-54

„… depending on the strength of the base and the political systemone might be clearly more important than the …” „… , enforcing and turning out its base. This kind of strategy is of importancein cases where a political camp …” „… system, party unity can be enoughto achieve power. On the other hand, a persuasion strategy concentrates …”

OVERVIEW OF THE EXISTING WORKS ABOUT ELECTION CAMPAIGNS S. 27-32

„… literature about politicalparties and electoral systems. In view of the political and financial impact of …” „… existing studies and books about electioncampaigns. In political science, there is an abundance of …” „… election campaigns, however, it is surprising that political scientists have only recentlystarted to be …”

The methodology of the interviews S. 85-90

„… results, however, we will describe in moredetail the factors of a political system shaping an election …” „… central featureof this new form of political communication is the rise of a new political eliteconsisting …” „… of campaign managers and political consultants. As a result, and as wementioned in chapter 3 …”

The power of incumbency campaigns S. 57-60

„… work and its placewithin political science (chapter 3). Based on a review of the existing literature …” „… differencesin election campaigns? From the perspective of political marketing, what elementsof an election …” „… considerable literature in political science analyzing, confirming and discussingthis incumbency advantage …”

Access to television and advertising S. 114-118

„… of the political culture and the multi-candidate andmulti-party system, negative advertising might …” „… presidentialism, a fragmented multiparty system, undisciplined parties, and robust federalismis often difficult …” „… . Presidents can succeed in this institutional context and severalhave, but the system makes it difficult for …”

Promotion of the political offer: Strategy and management dimension S. 54-56

„… which a campaign takes place differ. We willdescribe these differences in the political system in more …” „… states and spent more than $100 Million.Promotion of the political offer: Strategy and management …” „… dimensionFundraisingA campaign needs funds in order to be able to promote its political offer (fora classic introduction …”

The cases of the USA S. 213-219

„… 8.8 5.7 -3.1Managerial skills 7.9 5.5 -2.4Average 8.7 5.5 -3.2Source: interviews with U.S. political …” „… Managerial skills 4 8.6 4.6Average 5.0 7.0 2.0Source: interviews with U.S. political consultants (n=13)In …” „… explanation of how the system got broken. He gave the same prolix treatmentto health care, with a strange …”

Hypothesis 3: Timing and intensity strategies S. 67-70

„… political offer, timingand intensity strategies play an important role in election campaigns (Faucheux2002 …” „… , intensity was also a key factor explaining its success (Gould 1998).Research on political debates has also …” „… politicalcamp. While this study is based on the assumption that two political camps opposeeach other, the camps …”

Turnout culture S. 118-119

„… wementioned above, the electoral system plays an important role in this respect. Inaddition to the electoral …” „… system, however, the turnout culture is also important.Plasser (2002: 85) distinguishes between countries …” „… influences free airtime, access to political television advertising andlegal provisions regarding public …”

Hypothesis 4: Challenger campaign quality S. 70-74

„… previously been elected to an important political position, (ii) adequacy of financial resources and (iii …” „… prior political experience or having celebrity status.While these studies focus on local and statewide …” „… previous political experience and name awareness. Manin (1997:226) notes that in the audience democracy, a …”

Summary: A global typology of campaign styles S. 122-124

„… American countries (Martinez-Pandiani 2000). In fact, high-profile Brazilian political consultants …” „… political campaigning (Plasser 2002: 256; Rimban2004: 14). There are few comparable networks (journals …” „… certain degree, public opinion research companies fulfill the roleof political consultants and strategists …”

The limitations of the methods: How to decide if a campaign was successful or not? S. 75-76

„… is difficult to establish the effectiveness of political marketing (Harris2001: 41). In real life and …” „… badcampaign in terms of political marketing but still wins the election. The same istrue for political …” „… in 2004 has been widely judged as a great campaign by political consultants. Yet, Edwards lost the …”

Summary of the results and additional example S. 233-239

„… campaign strategies in the past. Second, it has a theoreticalrelevance since political science has …” „… right issues, considering the political demandand offer at that time, and then be carried out strongly …” „… to exploit his weaknesses. For Lula ‘98, it was a case of clear mismatchbetween the political demand …”

The cases for the American campaign style: The U.S. elections of 1992 and 2004 S. 76-81

„… country to country. We will discuss and presentthe political systems of the studied countries in more …” „… attention tothe political systems in which the campaigns took place.The cases for the American campaign …” „… widely judged as a great campaign by political consultants. Yet, Edwards lost the nomination to John …”

Future research S. 246-248

„… between Poe and Estrada is that Estradahad political instinct and knew what it takes to win. Poe, on the …” „… candidate but in 1998, he had lost his political instinct and had allowed himself to beput on the defensive …” „… disappointed.Regarding the methods, the present study relies mainly on personal interviewswith political consultants …”

The campaign of Rudolf Scharping in 1994 S. 158-161

„… Scharping was too weak a political leader todefeat Kohl. At the beginning, Scharping had a special …” „… . In one interview, the candidateapparently confused gross and net when talking about political …” „… systematically improved from month to month among his own baseand among independent voters (Jung 1994: 8). By …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845226286

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Nicola Bücker

Europe bottom-up

Series: Studien zur Politischen Soziologie. Studies on Political Sociology

Volume 21 2012

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“A Bad Political System” S. 185-189

„… Political System” -“And if you think about the European Union, what comes automatically to mind …” „… bureaucracy. These arguments, which I summarized in the frame Bad Political System, occurred in eighteen of …” „… NecessityDiscriminationThreats of EnlargementSolidary CommunityPeople's EuropeGlobal PlayerBeneficial MarketBad Political System …”

Typologies of citizens’ EU attitudes S. 34-40

„… political systems. Easton distinguishes between three fundamental objects of a political system that …” „… citizens might evaluate (ibid: 193, 212): the political regime (comprising a system’s values, norms, and …” „… citizens’ satisfaction with a political system’s outputs, such as laws and regulations. In other words, it …”

The concept of attitudes: definition, structure, and formation processes S. 31-34

„… (comprising a system’s values, norms, and institutional structure); the political authorities (denoting the …” „… ” support. “Specific support” results from citizens’ satisfaction with a political system’s outputs, such as …” „… studies because his theoretical considerations are most suitable for analyzing a political system such as …”

Appendix S. 295-304

„… 14.9. Relocation of national production sites 15. Bad Political System 15.1. EU's policy toward Russia …” „… . Transfer of Legislative Power: Bad Political System 35.1. EU lacks transparency 35.2. Centralization: EU is …” „… . Transfer of Legislative Power: Overcoming Drawbacks of Political System 36.1. More EU power increases …”

“Modernization” S. 204-207

„… LifeworldEuropean IdentityBad Political SystemBeneficial MarketDiscriminationProtection&PowerPeople's EuropeSolidary …” „… ’ concern about the EU’s deficient political system corresponds to the Poles’ enthusiasm about their …” „… greater expertise and its member states’ better political systems, a number of Poles mentioned the EU’s …”

The relevance of citizens’ EU attitudes S. 22-27

„… sanctions endangers the day-to-day working of a political system and is not feasible in democratic systems …” „… without which no political system can ultimately survive ( Easton 1965: pp. 153; Herrmann and Brewer 2004 …” „… development and political action? In other words, is it 23 worthwhile analyzing citizens’ thinking about the …”

Citizens’ EU attitudes in post-communist societies S. 45-48

„… , their political ideologies might indeed help them understand another new political system. In a similar …” „… , citizens’ positive rating of their national political system 47 A positive relation between higher income …” „… 45 talism, political participation, the overcoming of nationalism, and individual selfexpression …”

Discussion: citizens’ EU support, the role of public debates, and “framing” S. 51-56

„… political system. Hence, if one asks seriously how individuals de- 53 velop their stance on the EU, one has …” „… political system. This difference between a political and a cultural European identity becomes problematic …” „… political systems because the EU is less visible in public life than are national political symbols or …”

Cognitive EU frames, their objects and attitudes in Poland S. 211-216

„… ++ - Chances of Enlargement ++ (issue not frame) + Bad Political System - ++ People’s Europe - +++ Solidary …” „… citizens tend to use. One exception is the frame Bad Political System, however, which ten Poles mentioned …” „… Identity/ Sovereignty - National Discrimination; Bad Political System; Disastrous Transfor. Diffuse …”

Secondary analysis of cognitive frames: frequencies, classifications, and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) S. 96-102

„… table of the frame Bad Political System Row Conditions Outcome Cases N E G Y 1 0 0 0 0 10 2 1 1 1 1 5 …” „… = university degree); G = Gender (0 = male, 1 = female); Y = occurrence of frame Bad Political System (0 = not …” „… university degree, and that none of them mentions the frame Bad Political System. The second and third rows …”

Research context, research questions, and main findings S. 17-22

„… for their evaluations of this political system, and that these perceptions vary among national …” „… ’ ways of framing the EU relate to their assessment of this political system? 2.2. Do different types of …” „… , but apparently without the EU’s citizens. Instead of “loving Europe” and the EU as its political …”

The role of communication and public discourses S. 60-65

„… sign system of human interaction. Language transcends direct face-to-face interaction across time and …” „… large part from the media; this is particularly the case with regard to political issues, as has been …” „… people with neutral information on political institutions or actors and thereby influence their attitudes …”

References S. 305-326

„… University Press. Hix, Simon (2005): The Political System of the European Union, Houndmills et al: Palgrave …” „… .: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. 309 Easton, David (1965): A Systems Analysis of Political Life, New York …” „… Proxies: Attitudes toward domestic Politics and Support for European Integration," Comparative Political …”

Historical roots S. 133-136

„… continent’s survival (Haaland 2001; Tazbir 2007). Moreover, the political system of the Polish-Lithuanian …” „… political and economic systems of Western Europe, thereby turning into a model of Modernization that might …” „… decline during the 17th and 18th century and the simultaneous economic and political “take off” of …”

Frames and framing S. 65-72

„… Steinberg’s attempt to clarify whether frames are derived from “some larger systematic belief system” or …” „… ) psychology, communication and media studies, sociology, and political sciences (Benford and Snow 2000). This …” „… characterized “by its resonance with the cultural, political, or historical milieu in which it emerges” rather …”

Social constructionism and what people “know” S. 57-60

„… mainly use the term “social constructionism”, while political scientists prefer the term “social …” „… constitutes the most complex and abstract sign system of human interaction. Language transcends direct …” „… shared belief systems is the focal point of social constructionism and the “new” sociology of knowledge …”

Selection of cases and conditions S. 256-260

„… concerning Spain) - Eastern German frames Bad Political System higher education; European identity …” „… regard to one outcome and several conditions systematically. Unfortunately, 257 this approach does not …”

Cognitive EU frames, their objects and attitudes in Eastern Germany S. 196-204

„… frame Bureaucracy became part of the cognitive frame Bad Political System. 197 theses 4.1. and 4.2 …” „… EU’s democratic standards, but rather employed the frame Bad Political System to criticize the EU’s …” „… and future development of the EU’s political system were only important to a minority of the Eastern …”

The relevance of social milieu S. 272-276

„… rule is that more academics than non-academics complained about the EU’s political system. In a similar …” „… criticism of the EU’s Bad Political System among the Eastern German academics. With regard to the Polish …” „… rating of the EU’s political system and standards. In this context, the frame Disastrous Single Market …”

Cognitive EU frames of different social groups and their EU attitudes S. 276-278

„… and rather neglected the EU’s political system and its various policies. Moreover, most political …” „… Community, Beneficial Single Market, Bad Political System, and Global Player (see Table 33). Although this …” „… political system is restricted mainly to the higher status group in the Eastern German sample. Given that …”

The EU framing of “committed supporters” S. 225-229

„… % (5) 38% (3) 35% (6) 20% (1) 34% (11) 31% (4) Eastern German frames Bad Political System 87% (13) 63 …” „… Political System with regard to the Eastern German sample. While the former is more important to critics …” „… system. This relationship is most obvious concerning the Eastern German frame Bad Political System, to …”

Political cues S. 43-45

„… political system, or political ideologies when evaluating the EU (Anderson 1998; Hooghe and Marks 2005).37 …” „… Regarding the domestic political system as one decisive cue-giver, Anderson (1998) assumes that citizens …” „… in a relationship where it overlaps and supplements the nation” (Stråth 2000a: 13). 2.3.3. Political …”

The FRG and “Europe” S. 114-121

„… militarism and imperialism (Münter 2001: pp. 65). As an alternative to the EC’s political system, the Greens …” „… as a sovereign state on the political stage (Weidenfeld 1976: pp. 180; Karama 2001: 72).158 The …” „… to get more political sovereignty and international influence simultaneously (Schukraft 2002).159 In …”

How citizens frame the EU: national and social variation S. 280-283

„… , although the EU’s global influence and the drawbacks of its political system turned out to be more …” „… political system. I define this source as “lifeworld perspective” comprising a person’s everyday surrounding …” „… acquaintance with the EU’s political system. This lack of knowledge about the EU’s political procedures also …”

Historical roots S. 105-111

„… both cases, I mainly focus on public discourses after 1945 because European economic and political …” „… . Similarly, one cannot ignore the political debates about European integration in West Germany when examining …” „… elaborate on the framing of “Europe” and its political institutions in both the German Democratic Republic …”

The linkage to previous research S. 219-222

„… . Besides, Díez Medrano highlights citizens’ critique of the EU’s political system as an important …” „… . Besides, her interviewees hoped that the EU would improve the functioning of the Polish political system …” „… German EU frames, namely, the ones Bad Political System, Global Player, and Threats of Enlargement, as …”

Empirical results S. 48-51

„… between these variables.48 Moreover, citizens’ positive rating of their national political system 47 A …” „… political system. Finally, political partisanship turns out to be a significant predictor of citizens’ EU …” „… country’s economic and political performance. Some authors find a positive relation between national …”

Germany and “Europe” after 1989 S. 121-127

„… alternative to the EC’s political system, the Greens proposed the concept of a Europe of the Regions …” „… German public of the EU’s merits by reducing citizens’ fears of an opaque European political system. For …” „… foundation of the Green Party (Die Grünen) in 1980. This party introduced a new political discourse by …”

Collective identities S. 42-43

„… EU’s political system as well (Domm 2004; Schoen 2008; Kaina 2009: pp. 30). On the other hand, the …” „… understand the complex structure of the EC’s/ EU’s political system and its implications. Cognitive …” „… type of reasoning. These authors argue that the EU’s political and economic consequences might not be …”

Cognitive frames and their linkage to public frames, EU objects, and EU attitudes S. 216-219

„… EU has fostered both specific support and criticism of the EU’s political system. Moreover, this …” „… attitudes, ranging from diffuse support to a general rejection of this political system.256 8.7.1 …” „… highlights citizens’ critique of the EU’s political system as an important transnational frame among his …”

Economic models S. 40-42

„… (dis-)satisfaction with their national political system to the European level, however. Instead, the authors expect …” „… community are supposed to support the EU’s political system as well (Domm 2004; Schoen 2008; Kaina 2009: pp …” „… 40 the EU and their country’s EU membership, however, one might only speculate about the political …”

“Disappointment” S. 195-196

„… frame Bad Political System. …” „… their own laws and their own pension system to which one contributes. That’s why it’s not possible at …” „… majority of Eastern Germans perceived the EU as an obscure political machine with opaque structures and …”

The EU’s enlargement and Turkey’s accession S. 240-244

„… who preferred postponing enlargement often argued that the problems of the EU’s Political System …” „… , he will do so, and I think the more regulations, the more complicated gets the system and opens up …” „… these borders are also its political borders. Therefore, Bulgaria and Rumania belong here because it’s …”

EU framing and types of EU attitudes across national subgroups S. 231-233

„… Single Market; Modernization; Protection & Power) Specific EU criticism Bad Political System; Threat …” „… Market; Threats of Enlargement; Disappointment in People’s Europe Bad Political System; Threat to …” „… Pol. System 4 (3 Germans) 3 (1 German) 1 8 Global Player 3 (2 Germans) 1 (German) - 4 Threats …”

The EU framing of “critics” S. 229-231

„… equally widespread in all groups of critics. Similarly, the frames Bad Political System and Threats of …” „… , although the latter does so less clearly. With respect to the Polish critics, only the frames Bad Political …” „… System and National Discrimination characterize their negative EU framing. However, both frames are also …”

Summary of results S. 261-272

„… Simplified formula II Bad Political System Original model: Education (E), Collective Identity (C …” „… degree mention the frame Bad Political System in the respective model, as do almost 85 percent of all …” „… complained about the EU’s political system. In a similar vein, participants without their A-levels referred …”

The GDR and “Europe” S. 111-114

„… political discourses in West Germany shows. First, I turn to the respective discourses in the GDR, however …” „… credibility in both German states. Concerning the official political discourse in the GDR, it is interesting …” „… ) or the military defense system “Warsaw Pact”. Apparently, this frame was not particularly important …”

Sociodemographic and regional differences S. 249-252

„… frames Bad Political System - - - academics more often than others - Global Player - - Ro. less often …” „… Europe, Beneficial Single Market, Bad Political System, Global Player, and Inherent Necessity were all …”

Public frames in (Eastern) Germany and Poland: a comparison S. 152-158

„… ; - = irrelevant Apart from these commonalities, the public discourses of “Europe” and its political system …” „… to all EU objects except for its political authorities and often suggest a general opposition to …” „… political standards in order to achieve a “modern” level. Similarly, the frame Disastrous Single Market 153 …”

List of Tables S. 15-16

„… : Hypothetical truth table of the frame Bad Political System 98 Table 7: Public frames, EU objects, and EU …” „… 15 List of Tables Table 1: Political support according to Easton 36 Table 2: A model of citizens …”

Constructing the interview schedule S. 83-87

„… the EU and the frequency of reasoning about this political system. The fourth section of the interview …” „… 83 ways of framing Europe than the official political doctrines of communist regimes. With regard …” „… to the GDR, one has to examine the West German political discourses additionally in order to …”

The linkage between cognitive EU frames, EU attitudes, and integration models S. 283-286

„… Bad Political System, Threat to National Identity/Sovereignty, and National Discrimination. The same …” „… whether this type of unconditioned support equals diffuse support as defined by Easton, that is, political …” „… political elite and the citizenship respectively. Turning to the linkage between cognitive frames and the …”

Talking about the EU: some general remarks S. 159-161

„… Political System 18 10 28 (60,1%) National Discrimination 12 14 26 (56,5%) Global Player 15 6 21 (45,7 …” „… this political entity. Given the fact that I only talked to laypersons, our conversations were …” „… . This frame has not been discovered as a relevant public frame in the political discourses in Poland and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… 8.1. The Eastern German EU: main perceptions 185 8.1.1. “A Bad Political System” 185 8.1.2. “A Global …” „… Schriftenreihe „Studien zur Politischen Soziologie“ The series „Studies on Political …” „… . Additionally, I would like to thank the editors of the series "Studies on Political Sociology" for including …”

Poland and “Europe” after 1989 S. 140-148

„… of communism in 1989, a majority of the Polish population and the political leadership was …” „… enthusiastic about joining the economic and political institutions of the Western European community as soon as …” „… relations and political assistance, which was finally enacted in 1994.197 In April 1994, the country also …”

Discussion: cognitive frames, EU attitudes, and integration models S. 244-248

„… EU’s political system, its treatment of member states, or its future enlargement. In particular, the …” „… support, only the Polish frame European Identity points indirectly to the EU’s political community …” „… the “European political community” is less decisive for their strong EU support than previous studies …”

“A Successful Transformation” S. 209-211

„… Europe, but our political system somewhat alienated us from the others; we were a bit separated by that …” „… concerning the country’s political structures and people’s attitudes and values. Some participants expressed …”

The participants’ favored integration models S. 233-237

„… : “And what do you think about the field of social security, such as the workings of the health system or …” „… the pension system? Do you think that the EU should get more legislative power here to establish …” „… model’s greater salience in the Eastern German political debates (see Section 6.5.). 267 The …”

“A European Identity” S. 208-209

„… always belonged to Europe, but our political system somewhat alienated us from the others; we were a bit …”

How Eastern Germans and Poles evaluate the EU S. 223-225

„… adherents and doubters among the group of Eastern Germans. Furthermore, the frame Bad Political System is …”

Frames and Values S. 292-294

„… diffuse political support is difficult to apply to empirical research. Hence, one might conclude that it …” „… helps understand and explain citizens’ attitudes towards political objects, it does not provide a final …” „… Market and Threats of Enlargement, were less salient in my study, the feeling of political weakness was …”

The role of interest, collective identities, and the transformation process S. 252-256

„… socioeconomic, political, and societal changes after 1989.283 281 This category also comprises the Eastern …” „… also rising unemployment and poverty or decreasing levels of social security. Political transformation …” „… speech and free elections, but also political corruption and the lack of guidance through political …”

Consequences and determinants of framing S. 72-76

„… person’s encounter with the EU via public discourses affects her mental representation of this political …” „… as “problems”, as Entman argues. If one deals with frames concerning a political issue, such as …” „… European integration, however, Entman’s conceptualization is plausible. After all, political discourse …”

Research design and selection of societies S. 27-28

„… political action of this “European giant”. Moreover, the inclusion of Eastern Germany enables a comparison …” „… popular in transformation studies in recent years, as well as in research on post-communist political …” „… ” transformation with the rapid implementation of economic and political reforms.20 Finally, although the huge …”

Qualitative research S. 287-289

„… different types and objects of political support. In general, combining the concepts of frames and political …” „… . When arguing about the EU’s merits and drawbacks, the participants hardly referred to the political …” „… perceptions and examines the interaction between public discourses and individual background systematically …”

Further outline of the study S. 28-30

„… rapid implementation of economic and political reforms.20 Finally, although the huge financial transfers …” „… previous communist regime, the political values and “transformation mentality” of many Eastern Germans thus …” „… certainly constitutes a special case of systemic transformation. Likewise, the GDR’s “overnight accession …”

Discussion: the empirical analysis of public and cognitive EU frames S. 102-104

„… ) German and Polish political debates. Accordingly, these deductive codes were supposed to test whether …” „… cognitive EU frames in Eastern Germany and Poland systematically, I classified all frames with the typology …”

Post-communist features of public and cognitive EU frames S. 286-287

„… economic and political backwardness vis-à-vis the Western European hemisphere. Apparently, public …” „… perceptions and examines the interaction between public discourses and individual background systematically …”

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