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Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods - Perspectives on Platform Regulation

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Judit Bayer (ed.), Bernd Holznagel (ed.), Päivi Korpisaari (ed.), Lorna Woods (ed.)

Perspectives on Platform Regulation

Series: Recht und Digitalisierung | Digitization and the Law

Volume 1 2021

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Lorna Woods The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms S. 329-350

„… The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms Lorna Woods Abstract: This chapter provides an …” „… /. The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms 331 elections12 (seemingly some claims of …” „… /taking-legal-action-against-those-who-abuse-our-platform/. The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms 333 process regarding access to the API).20 …”

Izumi Aizu Digital Platform Regulation in Japan – does the soft approach work? S. 187-214

„… Digital Platform Regulation in Japan – does the soft approach work? Izumi Aizu Abstract: With the …” „… Internet Governance concerns. Keywords: Digital Platform Regulation, Hate Speech, Privacy protection …” „… approach 187 Introduction: Three areas and two approaches to platform regulation Under the digital platform …”

Siwal Ashwini Social Media Platform Regulation in India – A Special Reference to The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 S. 215-232

„… Social Media Platform Regulation in India – A Special Reference to The Information Technology …” „… Press, 2017), chap. 2, doc. 25-55, doi:10.2307/j.ctt1qnw88r.8. Social Media Platform Regulation in India …” „… challenging the legality of the social media platform regulations as well as antitrust complaints are lying …”

Jan Christopher Kalbhenn European Legislative Initiative for Very Large Communication Platforms S. 47-76

„… . Europe-wide regulation of digital platforms The effects of the internet and platform economy were recently …” „… Annex to this Article. 3 Another law with references to media law platform regulation is the Commission …” „… positively. However, not least because of national solo efforts in regulation of online platforms such as …”

Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods Conclusions: Regulatory Responses to Communication Platforms: Models and Limits S. 565-584

„… and platform economy on the process of public opinion-forming as follows: 2. 1 Regulation (EU …” „… definition. Instead, it lists the „core platform services“ as examples. (Proposal for a Regulation of the …” „… platforms. There are also approaches that focus on content regulation. Below, we attempt to typify and order …”

Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel Introduction S. 9-22

„… Content Introduction 13 Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel Models of Platform Regulation …” „… Kuo-Wei Wu, Shun-Ling Chen, Poren Chiang Digital Platform Regulation in Japan – does the soft approach …” „… work? 187 Izumi Aizu Social Media Platform Regulation in India – A Special Reference to The Information …”

Lorna Woods Introducing the Systems Approach and the Statutory Duty of Care S. 77-98

„… Regulation of Online Platforms, (Competition Policy International, 2016). 77 to legal liability in respect of …” „… Model from Work Spaces If we think of social media platforms as quasi-public spaces, the regulation …” „… regulation to look at the services on which that content is created and disseminated. It argues that those …”

Judit Bayer Rights and Duties of Online Platforms S. 23-46

„… Models of Platform Regulation Rights and Duties of Online Platforms Judit Bayer Abstract: One of …” „… of freedom of expression on social media platforms: EU content regulation through the lens of human …” „… content regulation decisions without making platforms accountable for individual content items. However …”

Bernd Holznagel, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn Media Law Regulation of Social Networks - Country Report: Germany S. 261-290

„… Topic-based Regulation: Media Law and Data Protection Media Law Regulation of Social Networks …” „… content providers on social networks and addresses platforms as content distributors. Supplementary …” „… dangers of the network and platform economy. Keywords: content moderation; due diligence; media law …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… .) Perspectives on Platform Regulation Concepts and Models of Social Media Governance Across the Globe Recht …” „… Perspectives on Platform Regulation Concepts and Models of Social Media Governance Across the Globe Judit Bayer …” „… License. Onlineversion Nomos eLibrary Foreword: Perspectives on platform regulation: models and limits …”

Richard Janda Protecting Democratic Expression Online: Canada’s Work in Progress S. 365-414

„… comparative understanding of platform regulation, Canada was in the midst of formulating new legislation on …” „… . Natasha Tusikov has remarked that Canada “is continuing to outsource regulation to commercial platforms …” „… Polataiko, and Helen A. Hayes, “Platform Responsibility and Regulation in Canada: Considerations on …”

Sarah Hartmann Policy Developments in the USA to Address Platform Information Disorders S. 99-118

„… mandating data portability and interoperability. Keywords: Platform Regulation; Disinformation; Section 230 …” „… regulation revolves around immunity of platforms from liability and lack of effort on their part to intervene …” „… introducing media regulation. Among the complex causes of platform dominance are so-called lock-in effects …”

Kuo-Wei Wu, Shun-Ling Chen, Poren Chiang „Open with Caution“. How Taiwan Approaches Platform Governance in the Global Market and Geopolitics S. 165-186

„… introduced new regulations. While the United States has largely relied on platform self-governance and given …” „… regulations about platforms are rather scant. Three of the top five websites in Taiwan are owned by foreign …” „… partnered with local platforms to draft self-regulation standards], iThome, June 21, 2019 …”

Peng Hwa Ang, Gerard Goggin The Regulation of Online Disinformation in Singapore S. 549-564

„… . Ironically, in some respects digital platforms can be easy to identify for regulation purposes – because of …” „… platforms. However, the major exception for Singapore has been the regulation of particular kinds of …” „… the pass, so to speak, other tendencies in platform regulation gathering momentum elsewhere.6 The …”

Index S. 595-601

„… digital markets unit 338-340 digital news portals 228, digital platform regulation 27, 36 f., 47–53 …” „… disorders 99-117 platform power 512 platform regulation 18; 20; 25-163; 187-213; 215-231; 367; 415; 511; 531 …” „… effect 225, 372, 478 f., 485 China 168–184, 200 f., 211, 582 chinese platforms 167 f., 172–174 …”

Trisha Meyer, Alexandre Alaphilippe Platform (un)accountability. Reviewing Platform Responses to the Global Disinfodemic One Year Onward S. 507-530

„… context The legal underpinnings to the current approach to platform regulation find their origins in …” „… platform regulation, see Freddy Mayhew, ‘Regulating Facebook and Google: The Growing Global Big Tech …” „… Combating Disinformation Platform (un)accountability. Reviewing Platform Responses to the Global …”

Elda Brogi, Konrad Bleyer-Simon Disinformation in the Perspective of Media Pluralism in Europe – the role of platforms S. 531-548

„… , platform regulation, EDMO, Media Pluralism Monitor Introduction In the past years, disinformation has …” „… regulation, there is no defined methodology to assess how and with which consequences the platforms act in …” „… Disinformation in the Perspective of Media Pluralism in Europe – the role of platforms1 Elda Brogi …”

Maria L. Vazquez, Maria Carolina Herrera Rubio, Alejandro Aréchiga Morales Thoughts on the Regulation of Content on Social Media in Latin America: Authors’ Rights, Limitations and Content Filtering S. 233-260

„… society, for regulation against major platforms.3 Nevertheless, with over 410 million users of social …” „… America As discussed, the regulation of social media platforms is, as of yet, a matter of unfinished …” „… -regulation-in-argentina-when-n o-law-is-better-than-a-bad-law. 38 Marcela Gómez, Matías Bobadilla, “Influencers deben pagar …”

Giovanni De Gregorio, Nicole Stremlau Platform Governance at the Periphery: Moderation, Shutdowns and Intervention S. 433-450

„… regulations: how platforms are regulated and how they regulate us (Leeds, 2017). 9 Sarah T Roberts, Behind the …” „… Huszti-Orban et al. Platform regulations: how platforms are regulated and how they regulate us. Leeds, 2017 …” „… Platform Governance at the Periphery: Moderation, Shutdowns and Intervention Giovanni De Gregorio …”

Michael Geist Reshaping Canada’s Broadcasting Act: Solutions in Search of a Problem? S. 291-328

„… support. In Harnessing Change, the CRTC reversed that approach with a regulation-first strategy that …” „… services. While the public is broadly supportive of new regulations to address concerns about powerful …” „… of expression, over-broad regulation, competition, and consumer costs. Keywords: Broadcasting …”

Jacob Mchangama, Natalie Alkiviadou Protecting the Freedom of Expression in an Era of “Platformization:” Paving a Road to Censorship? S. 451-472

„… expression, hate speech, South Africa, global platforms. Introduction In the 1990s, the Internet was seen as …” „… media platforms into the central agora where ideas are imparted and received has indeed given an …” „… has provided a platform to extremism, terrorist content, disinformation at scale, and hate speech. But …”

The Authors and Editors S. 585-594

„… Washington DC linked to platform regulation, transatlantic relations, and hybrid threats, where he emphasises …” „… research work lies in Telecommunication and Media Law as well as in network regulation, notably energy law …” „… of an academic consortium for questions of regulation of the Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network …”

Maximilian Hemmert-Halswick Lessons learned from the first years with the NetzDG S. 415-432

„… field of platform regulation. Three years after its enactment, the law underwent an amendment process …” „… control. Keywords: Content Regulation; Hate Speech; Social Networks; Overblocking; Compliance approach …” „… industry during this time: content regulation has often been in the media spotlight; Twitter has blocked …”

Enni Ala-Mikkula The Role of Occupational Safety and Health Legislation in Hate Speech Regulation. Employers’ responsibility to prevent and respond to the risk of hate speech at work – the Finnish perspective S. 489-506

„… online – a new challenge for criminal law” (Concept note for Hate Speech & Platform Regulation …” „… law.” Concept note for Hate Speech & Platform Regulation, international online-workshop, October 17 …” „… The Role of Occupational Safety and Health Legislation in Hate Speech Regulation. Employers …”

Jörg Becker, Bernd Holznagel, Kilian Müller Interoperability of Messenger Services. Possibilities for a Consumer-Friendly Approach S. 119-144

„… obligation in practice. Keywords: Platform Regulation, Messenger Services, Federated Protocols, Competition …” „… services and other digital platforms in the category of "over-thetop" (OTT) services, which enable …” „… Consumer-Friendly Approach 123 Competition Messenger services, being digital platforms, benefit from network effects …”

Mårten Schultz Six Problems with Facebook’s Oversight Board. Not enough contract law, too much human rights. S. 145-164

„… , Facebook, content moderation, self-regulation, community standards. Introduction Background In 2018 …” „… world’s largest companies. It controls not only the Facebook social media platform but also Instagram and …” „… company regarding content on the platform, such as decisions to remove posts that Facebook moderators have …”

Kristiina Koivukari, Päivi Korpisaari Online Shaming - a New Challenge for Criminal Justice S. 473-488

„… stated in Delfi, “user-generated expressive activity on the Internet provides an unprecedented platform …” „… common good, with the result that social networking sites have become platforms for both information and …” „… vilification or a hate campaign against another person, usually on social media or another online platform …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929789

Alberto De Franceschi, Reiner Schulze - Harmonizing Digital Contract Law

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Alberto De Franceschi (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Harmonizing Digital Contract Law

2023

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Hans Schulte-Nölke The EU Digital Services Act and EU Consumer Law S. 705-714

„… Platform Regulation, EuCML 2021, 109; Ruth Janal, Haftung und Verantwortung im Entwurf des Digital Services …” „… Context: Bridging the Gap Between EU Consumer Law and Platform Regulation, EuCML 2021, 109, Bram …” „… Gap Between EU Consumer Law and Platform Regulation, EuCML 2021, 109 (112).17 Christoph Busch, Vanessa …”

Friedrich Graf von Westphalen Some major issues of EU Regulation 2019/1150 on promoting fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services Some major issues of EU Regulation 2019/1150 S. 681-704

„… II.DIGITAL SERVICES AND THE NEW PLATFORMS REGULATIONSome major issues of EU Regulation 2019/1150 on …” „… platform has violated any of the obligations embodied in this Regulation and such breach would cause damage …” „… Regulation.III. Protection of the vested interests of a third party within the legal regime of German law …”

Philipp Fabbio The Impact of the EU Digital Markets Act on Contract Law S. 715-726

„… Schweitzer, ‘The Art to Make Gatekeeper Positions …’ (2021), 532.9 A. Witt, ‘Platform Regulation in Europe …” „… ’ (2021), Kluwer Competition Law Blog.Anne Witt, ‘Platform Regulation in Europe – Per se Rules to the …” „… neighbouring areas of antitrust, unfair competition and sectoral competition regulation.The DMA has already …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… challenges of digitization, as recently shown in particular by the Internet Platform Regulation.In view of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649II.DIGITAL SERVICES AND THE NEW PLATFORMS REGULATIONSome major issues of EU Regulation 2019/1150 on …” „… the Regulation of Online PlatformsDe Franceschi / SchulzeHarmonizing Digital Contract …”

Alberto De Franceschi Italy S. 381-408

„… RegulationThe Italian legislator did not adopt specific measures for enhancing environmental sustainability or …” „… ” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152. The contractual role of online platforms …” „… coordination with the EC Eco-Design Directive and the forthcoming EU Eco-Design Regulation …”

Hugo-Maria Schally The Impact on Private Law of the Product Policy Initiatives under the European Green Deal S. 751-768

„… Directive and other Directives and Regulations.A range of tools are designed to enable consumers to make …” „… Europe”.4 On the basis of this roadmap, the European Resource Efficiency Platform – a group of high-level …” „… recyclability of products.December 2015Proposal for an implementing regulation on televisions and displays End …”

Sjef van Erp Smart Contracts S. 739-750

„… the use of a platform. Irrespective of the legal nature and contractual structure of a platform, the …” „… have had if the platform had not been used. Principle 13 (d) adds that the immutability of a blockchain …” „… (including platform operators or similar service providers) as they would have had if no transaction on a …”

Jorge Morais Carvalho Portugal S. 527-540

„… contracts for the sale of goods, amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC, and repealing …” „… producer, and the direct liability of online platforms providers.B. Guided Tour of Decree-Law 84/2021The …” „… second section points to the regulation of the liability of the trader, burden of proof and remedies, but …”

Alberto De Franceschi,, Reiner Schulze Harmonizing Digital Contract Law – an Introduction S. 1-30

„… explained in more detail in the part of this volume on internet platform regulation).At the same time, the …” „… particular by the regulations on geo-blocking, portability, online platforms and most recently by the private …” „… law parts of the Platform-to-Business Regulation7, the Digital Markets Act8 and the Digital Services …”

Marie Jull Sørensen Denmark S. 191-210

„… consumer section, contrary to the former, more fractured structure where the holes in the regulation in the …” „… , 2019, general remarks.14 E.g. Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the …” „… consumer and the seller as a business. All consumer protection regulations then protect the buyer. The …”

Laura Aade, Elise Poillot Luxembourg S. 449-470

„… contract law and ask for restitution.65V. Geo-Blocking RegulationRepairing or replacing goods delivered in …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51V. Geo-Blocking Regulation …” „… and of the Council of 20 May 2019 concerning contracts for the sale of goods, amending Regulation (EU …”

Jori Munukka Sweden S. 649-678

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92H. Intermediaries and Online Platforms …” „… aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods, amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive …” „… construction contracts are under no statutory contract regulation and are almost without exception regulated …”

Juanita Goicovici Romania S. 541-580

„… contentGeneral guidelines for determining the scope of legal regulationsThe provisions of Directive (EU) 2019/771 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1I. Special legal regulations applicable to B2C sale contracts and to the compliance of digital …” „… legal regulations . . . . . . . . 12. Situations exempted from the scope of application of the special …”

Plamena Markova Bulgaria S. 89-116

„… free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation)(OJ L …” „… Market Strategy).3 Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Common …” „… concerning contracts for the sale of goods, amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC, and …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas Spain S. 625-648

„… data protection or copyright. Regulation (UE) 2016/679 of 27.4.2016, on the protection of natural …” „… , sharing it with family or friends, or accessing the content already acquired once the platform that …” „… , services refer to a product or a platform”. For a more complete analysis, Mischau, “The Concept of Digital …”

Christiana Markou Cyprus S. 139-166

„… goods are the main addition to the consumer acquis brought by the SGD.On the other hand, the regulation …” „… Regulation of E-Commerce: a Commentary (pp. 177–229). Edward Elgar Publishing and Markou, C., 2022. Directive …” „… 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October. In EU Regulation of E-Commerce (pp …”

Ádám Fuglinszky Hungary S. 319-356

„… , amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC, and repealing Directive 1999/44/EC …” „… (SGD) beyond B2C contracts in order to avoid double-track regulation of the same subject matter and …” „… and with the Regulation of the Judicative Branch.14 For the details cf. Szilágyi, ‘The Implementation …”

Jean-Sébastien Borghetti France S. 249-272

„… Protection Regulation (GDPR).23This has changed the nature of the Introductory Art. The definitions it …” „… in exchange for the good or service he provides can be something else than a monetary 23 Regulation …” „… application of the new regime to platform providers that do not fulfil the requirements for being considered …”

Karin Sein Estonia S. 211-228

„… of goods, amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC, and repealing Directive …” „… include the digital content provisions in the regulation of sales contracts and add references to the …” „… conformity regulation of the Sale of Goods Directive would be suited to be applied to all sales contracts …”

Zuzana Adamová Slovakia S. 581-604

„… adversely affect the subscriber; or(d) arise from a specific regulation.Thus, the transposition of the DCD …” „… for the sale of goods, amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC, and repealing …” „… proposed regulation is intended to modernise the current consumer protection legislation and bring it into …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748941415

Ulrich Becker, Olga Chesalina - Social Law 4.0

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Ulrich Becker (ed.), Olga Chesalina (ed.)

Social Law 4.0

Series: Studien aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik

Volume 74 2021

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Francis Kessler Chapter 10 Social Security in the Platform Economy: The French Example – New Actors, New Regulations, Old Problems? S. 257-280

„… social protection on platform workers. The regulation supports platform workers in receiving professional …” „… Chapter 10 Social Security in the Platform Economy: The French Example – New Actors, New …” „… Regulations, Old Problems? Francis Kessler Introduction Digital technologies have led to new business models …”

Yves Jorens Chapter 3 The Sharing Economy in Belgium: Status due to Taxation or Non-Status? S. 73-96

„… assess whether the services are eligible for the regulation, but also ensures that the platforms provide …” „… status regulations for selfemployed persons, income from platform work is not subject to Royal Decree No …” „… extreme form of flexibility. The platform economy constitutes a great example of this evolution. With this …”

Olga Chesalina Chapter 2 Platform Work: Critical Assessment of Empirical Findings and its Implications for Social Security S. 39-72

„… compulsory labour and social law regulations.43 In fact, platform work is a highly heterogeneous category …” „… services, have introduced regulations concerning sickness payments for platform workers e.g. Uber, on 7 …” „… Chapter 2 Platform Work: Critical Assessment of Empirical Findings and its Implications for Social …”

Natalie Videbæk Munkholm Chapter 7 Collective Agreements and Social Security Protection for Non-Standard Workers and Particularly for Platform Workers: The Danish Experience S. 171-202

„… regulation will be considered as part of the overall assessment. For this reason, the platform company is, in …” „… ’ Compensation Act due to the protective purpose of the regulation. Platform companies could be obliged under the …” „… indication that such work-life balancing provisions have as yet been part of the regulations of platform …”

Philip Larkin Chapter 5 Relationship between Employment Status and Scope of Social Security Protection: The United Kingdom Example S. 117-146

„… work supplied through digital platforms.2 A further distinguishing feature of many workers in the “gig …” „… Platform Work in the UK. 2016 - 2019, https://www.feps-e Chapter 5: The United Kingdom Example 119 now …” „… provided through digital platforms, which in turn creates the need for gig workers particularly in large …”

Ulrich Becker, Olga Chesalina Chapter 1 Social Law 4.0: Challenges and Opportunities in Social Protection S. 13-38

„… interactions lose their relevance. New employment patterns are emerging, and the most prominent one is platform …” „… - 4 Crowdwork is a new form of employment that “uses an online platform to enable organisations or …” „… offered to an indefinite number of individuals by means of electronic platforms (app companies), see: De …”

Annamaria Westregård Chapter 8 Looking for the (Fictitious) Employer – Umbrella Companies: The Swedish Example S. 203-228

„… economy some platforms assign umbrella companies as middlemen to handle the transactions between the …” „… an assignment. He either bids for work on a digitalised platform or finds it in some other way. If …” „… invoiced by the umbrella company. Once the client has paid the umbrella company, the platform worker is …”

Paul Schoukens Chapter 12 Building Up and Implementing the European Standards for Platform Workers S. 307-334

„… Implementing the European Standards for Platform Workers Paul Schoukens Introduction Is platform work changing …” „… how to organise social protection for platform workers? If so, is this enough in terms of concerted …” „… . Platform work essentially refers to the organisation of professional activities through the mediation of a …”

Borja Suárez Corujo Chapter 9 The Influence of the Platform Economy on the Financing of Social Security: the Spanish Case S. 229-256

„… the Platform Economy on the Financing of Social Security: the Spanish Case Borja Suárez Corujo …” „… by the rise of the platform economy. With robotisation embedded as a component part of the …” „… “digitalisation of the economy” phenomenon, the platform economy is transforming employment and labour markets1 in …”

Grega Strban Chapter 13 Social Law 4.0 and the Future of Social Security Coordination S. 335-362

„… zero-hour contracts) and platform work (i.e. people working for digital platforms, without having a fixed …” „… platform work and IT networks is undeclared own-account work, i.e. self-employed work.6 On many occasions …” „… , labour-intensive rather than capital-intensive platforms may not be required to declare the earnings of workers. Al …”

Edoardo Ales Chapter 4 Is the Classification of Work Relationships Still a Relevant Issue for Social Security? An Italian Point of View in the Era of Platform Work S. 97-116

„… ? An Italian Point of View in the Era of Platform Work Edoardo Ales Introduction This chapter aims at …” „… 4: An Italian Point of View in the Era of Platform Work 99 tool, both for labour law and social law …” „… : Zanichelli 1970. Chapter 4: An Italian Point of View in the Era of Platform Work 101 Civil Code dedicated to …”

Gijsbert Vonk Chapter 6 Extending Social Insurance Schemes to “Non-Employees”: The Dutch Example S. 147-170

„… Customs Administration prior to 2016, generous fiscal exemptions for I. 1 Digital Labour Platforms and the …” „… , Federico/González Vázquez Ignacio, Platform Workers in Europe, EUR 29275 EN, Publications Office of the European …” „… and diversification of flexible work forms due to platform activities5 and changes in production …”

Gaabriel Tavits Chapter 11 New Forms of Employment and Innovative Ways for the Collection of Social Security Contributions: The Example of Estonia S. 281-306

„… short-time work-tasks (gigs)1, working via platforms, renting (sharing) of dwelling space via platforms and …” „… scope of regulation of the social protection legislation in Estonia and options of how new workers …” „… (platform workers) can make sure they are covered by the required social protection schemes (pension …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… Platform Economy: The French Example – New Actors, New Regulations, Old Problems? 257 Francis Kessler Table …” „… Chesalina Chapter 2 Platform Work: Critical Assessment of Empirical Findings and its Implications for Social …” „… ? An Italian Point of View in the Era of Platform Work 97 Edoardo Ales 7 Chapter 5 Relationship between …”

Katerina Pantazatou Chapter 14 Taxation of the Platform Economy: Challenges and Lessons for Social Security S. 363-393

„… Chapter 14 Taxation of the Platform Economy: Challenges and Lessons for Social Security Katerina …” „… platforms) and highly specialised services in single-sided markets (for example, cloud computing …” „… , diagnostics, etc.).1 The platform economy constitutes a sub-area of the digital economy. Variously called the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748912002

Katalin Ligeti, Kei Hannah Brodersen - Studies on Enforcement in Multilevel Regulatory Systems

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Katalin Ligeti (ed.), Kei Hannah Brodersen (ed.)

Studies on Enforcement in Multilevel Regulatory Systems

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 24 2022

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Carsten Ullrich Chapter 10. Online platform responsibility and unlawful content in the EU: multilevel, multi-actor complexities of internet regulation in the Digital Single Market S. 211-236

„… Martin Lodge, Algorithmic regulation (2019) 214–216.Chapter 10. Online platform responsibility and …” „… looking into the area of online platform regulation. The analysis undertaken attempts to contribute to a …” „… on to the multilevel regulatory complexities of online platform regulation. This is necessary …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… react under the Brussels I bis and EEO Regulations: need for harmonisation?Chapter 7.143Giovanni …” „… challenges of automatisation for effective oversightChapter 9.185Simona DemkováOnline platform responsibility …” „… and unlawful content in the EU: multilevel, multi-actor complexities of internet regulation in the …”

Kelly Blount Chapter 4. Expanding traditional enforcement designs to actors across the public-private divide: the example of criminal law S. 73-96

„… health regulations, and civil motor vehicle codes, Chapter 4.A.* Supported by the Luxembourg National …” „… multilevel scheme of actors and regulations. The chapter argues that the widened range of potential legal …” „… civil and criminal laws, regulations, and administrative codes, some of which may be enforced by the …”

Igor Tkalec Chapter 6. Interaction between the economic and social dimensions of EU economic governance: a tension S. 119-142

„… social protection20Type of instrument Means of influenceDirect EU directive and regulationsUnintended …” „… Hybridity (2005); Trubek and Trubek, New Governance & Legal Regulation: Complmentarity, Rivarly, and …” „… State’. Discussion paper. ESRC Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation, The London School of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748930365

Jens Peter Schmidt, Fabian Hübener - New Digital Markets Act

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Jens Peter Schmidt (ed.), Fabian Hübener (ed.)

New Digital Markets Act

2023

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Annex: Digital Markets Act S. 177-254

„… collaborative projects should not be considered as core platform services for the purpose of this Regulation.(3 …” „… purposes of this Regulation, the definition of core platform services should be technology neutral and …” „… Regulation to undertakings providing core platform services which are most likely to satisfy those objective …”

Miriam Swamy-von Zastrow, Robert Pahlen Chapter 3 Gatekeepers (Art. 2 DMA) S. 23-28

„… ) regulation-platforms-digital-age/> (last accessed: 12.7.2023); Franck/Peitz, ‘How to Challenge Big Tech’ (6.9.2021 …” „… based on Art. 2 point (5) Reg. (EU) 2019/1150 (P2B Regulation).16 A platform that enables end users to …” „… Implementing Regulation).In order to be designated as a gatekeeper, the company must first of all have a strong …”

Juliane Mendelsohn, Oliver Budzinski Chapter 2 DMA: background, objectives, and its relationship to competition law S. 3-22

„… , e-Competitions Art. N°99351; Botta, ‘Sector Regulation of Digital Platforms in Europe: Uno, Nessuno e Centomila …” „… regulation for these platforms have increased.5 The latter demand is also fuelled by the fact that the …” „… of a regulation of platforms and services that enjoy systemic market power. This could be achieved by …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… as defined in Article 2, point (5), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1150];[…](8) ‘video-sharing platform …” „… Luxembourg. He has published several articles on interactions between competition law and regulation.Dr …” „… StudiesJREG Yale Journal on RegulationJTÖR Junge Tagung Öffentliches RechtLEC Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil …”

Markus Brösamle, Johanna Krauskopf Chapter 4 Designation as a gatekeeper (Art. 3 DMA) S. 29-35

„… Regulation).Favouring a cooperative approach, the Implementing Regulation stresses the possibility for undertakings to …” „… ‘engage in pre-notification contacts’ with the European Commission (rec. 2 Implementing Regulation).The …” „… ; Körber, ‘Lessons from the Hare and the Tortoise: Legally imposed self-regulation, proportionality and the …”

Johanna Krauskopf, Markus Brösamle Chapter 8 Market investigations (Art. 16–19 DMA) S. 63-73

„… notification of the preliminary findings (Art. 8(1) sent. 2 Implementing Regulation).The procedure is concluded …” „… , ‘Sektoruntersuchungen’, WuW 2010, 258; Fletcher, ‘Market Investigation for Digital Platforms: Panacea or Complement …” „… : Moving from Competition Law to Regulation for Large Gatekeepers’, EuCML 2021, 60; Schweitzer, ‘The new …”

Henner Schläfke, Immo Schuler B. Basis for private enforcement of the DMA S. 116-125

„… ) TFEU as a matter of principle.7 As a Regulation, the DMA has direct effect in the Member States, just …” „… acting in a commercial or professional capacity using core platform services provided by gatekeepers for …” „… Article 2(22) DMA as natural or legal persons using core platform services ‘other than as a business user …”

Jens Peter Schmidt Chapter 1 The DMA at a glance S. 1-2

„… relation to any relevant core platform service of the gatekeepers. The regulation sets out directly …” „… regulations set out in the DMA apply as of 2.5.2023. For core platform services existing by 2.5.2023 …” „… , sufficient to adequately monitor the systemic online platforms of large internet companies.The DMA, which …”

Markus Brösamle, Miriam Swamy-von Zastrow Chapter 5 Review by the European Commission (Art. 4 DMA) S. 36-40

„… . Annual review of new core platform services (para. 2 subpara. 2) . . . . . . . . 193. Legal consequence …” „… gatekeepers and prevention of legal fragmentation resulting from a multitude of national regulations (cf. rec …” „… European Commission is also required to publish and update a list of gatekeepers and core platform …”

Jens Peter Schmidt Chapter 9 Merger control (Art. 14 DMA) S. 74-79

„… the EC Merger Control Regulation (ECMR), which has now been ongoing for more than 30 years, is …” „… largest operators of digital platforms have strengthened and consolidated their market position through a …” „… where the merging entities or the target of the concentration provide core platform services or any …”

Lucas Gasser, Jochen Hegener Chapter 6 Conduct obligations for gatekeepers (Art. 5–7 DMA) S. 41-58

„… platform services. The regulation also covers data generated on services provided together with, or in …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30VIII. Prohibition on requiring registration with other core platform services (Art. 5(8) DMA …” „… competition in relation to their core platform services in digital markets and from behaving unfairly towards …”

Index S. 255-260

„… regulations 11 25 et seqq.– competition law 11 19 et seqq.Competition authority 1 5Competition law 2 43 et …” „… European Commission 13 2Core platform service 2 12, 3 1 et seqq., 5 et seqq., 6 5– economies of scale …” „… 4 23– decision 4 22– exceptional circumstances 3 17– Implementing Regulation 4 5 et seqq.– market …”

Pablo Figueroa, Jorge Masía, Ana Parés K. Private enforcement in Spain S. 171-175

„… regulation into national law): ‘Whoever by act or omission causes damage to another, through fault or …” „… Regulation (EU) 2023/814 of 14.4.2023. Although the Regulation (EU) 2023/814 has been passed to enforce some …” „… , through its core platform services, content, subscriptions, features or other items, by using the software …”

Gonçalo Machado Borges, Sofia Vaz Sampaio, Leonor Martins Machado J. Private enforcement in Portugal S. 165-171

„… domicile (under Art. 18(1) Recast Brussels I Regulation).Hence, whenever the previously mentioned …” „… of economic regulation, based on Art. 114 TFEU, designed to complement competition law – not to …” „… repeatedly stated,184 the DMA does not seek to achieve specific outcomes but is a process-oriented regulation …”

Fabian Hübener, Raphael Reims Chapter 10 EU penalties, investigative powers and legal protection S. 80-95

„… Wettbewerbsbehörden’, NZKart 2022, 359; Akman, ‘Regulating Competition in Digital Platform Markets: A Critical …” „… the DMA Regulation in order to facilitate its effective implementation, but also its enforcement (Art …” „… European Commission according to Art. 3(3) DMA that their core platform services meet the thresholds set …”

Jens Peter Schmidt Chapter 12 Third-party rights before the European Commission and national authorities S. 107-111

„… Reg. (EC) No 773/20042 (Regulation relating to the conduct of proceedings on Art. 101 and 102 TFEU …” „… understanding of the core platform services, can help remedy the glaring information asymmetry between …” „… insensitive to the benefits that third 1 Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the …”

Henner Schläfke, Immo Schuler A. Private enforcement – a key implementation mechanism of the DMA S. 114-116

„… Tortoise: Legally imposed self-regulation, proportionality and the right to defence under the DMA – Part 2 …” „… ) (last accessed: 12.7.2023); Matos/Torres-Sarmiento, ‘FRAND for Dominant Digital Platforms …” „… regulation as an argument against private enforcement . . . . . . . . . . 362. No risk of fragmentation …”

Henner Schläfke L. Conclusion and outlook S. 175-176

„… , give users of platform services the possibility to control the market power of gatekeepers in a …” „… DMA as a European regulation suffices to have effect on claims, contracts, and the practice of courts …” „… amendment, which sets out provisions extending the GWB regulations applicable to the private enforcement of …”

Henner Schläfke, Immo Schuler F. Private enforcement in Germany S. 135-145

„… occurred or may occur (Art. 7(2) Recast Brussels I Regulation).In case a claim is brought on the ground of …” „… Recast Brussels I Regulation.89 Accordingly, they will have to decide between the courts of the …” „… defendant’s residence (Art. 4(1) Recast Brussels I Regulation) or such located where the harmful event …”

Henner Schläfke, Immo Schuler C. Civil law claims under the DMA S. 125-127

„… as a Regulation within the meaning of Art. 288(2) TFEU. This means that regulations ‘have direct …” „… is, therefore, not necessary for the provisions of a regulation to have been implemented into …” „… government to pass an act of implementation in this regard.Rather, the provisions of the Regulation itself …”

Markus Brösamle, Emilia Etz Chapter 11 Role of national authorities and courts S. 96-106

„… ; Podszun/Bongarzt/Langenstein, ‘The Digital Markets Act: Moving Away from Competition Law to Regulation for Large Gatekeepers …” „… ); Schweitzer/Gutmann, ‘Unilateral Practices by Digital Platforms: Facts and Myths about the Reach and Effectiveness of …” „… centralisation can quickly become burdensome for the European Commission. For example, the First Regulation …”

Francesco Maria Salerno, Edoardo Ricci H. Private enforcement in Italy S. 149-153

„… arrangements governing the use of the gatekeepers’ core platform services (CPS) by business and end users. The …” „… , the fact that the European legislator opted for a regulation rather than a directive to regulate …” „… the margins of intervention available to the judge with respect to a clause that reflects a regulation …”

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