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Viviane Yumy Mitsuuchi Kunisawa - The TRIPS Agreement Implementation in Brazil

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Viviane Yumy Mitsuuchi Kunisawa

The TRIPS Agreement Implementation in Brazil

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 25 2015

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Patents in the Pharmaceutical Area 25 Nomos MIPLC Studies Edited by Prof. Dr. Christoph Ann, LL.M. (Duke …” „… Patents in the Pharmaceutical Area Nomos BUT_Kunisawa_1897-9.indd 3 23.01.15 12:35 Die Deutsche …” „… TRIPS Agreement Implementation in Brazil: Patents in the Pharmaceutical area Viviane Yumy Mitsuuchi …”

CHAPTER. THE FRAMEWORK OF TRIPS S. 23-86

„… pharmaceutical products and processes. 24 See PMA, Petition for Relief, p. 53. 25 Id. 26 See Cepaluni, Patent …” „… opposed granting patent protections for pharmaceutical products because the country considered them to be …” „… prepared to protect pharmaceutical processes, but postponed the granting of product patents.31 This …”

CHAPTER. THE BRAZILIAN PATENT SYSTEM S. 87-150

„… when analyzing issues that specifically concern patents on pharmaceutical inventions under Brazilian …” „… Court, Plastic pipe; German Federal Supreme A. Overview 103 Patents on Pharmaceuticals Law 9279/1996 was …” „… patents for pharmaceutical products and processes. A new player was later introduced into the Brazilian …”

Bibliography S. 235-274

„… author). (cited: ANVISA, Clarifications about Patent Applications for Pharmaceutical Products and …” „… : ANVISA, Report on ANVISA’s role in the exam os pharmaceutical patent filings) Agência Nacional de …” „… . Atlas, 2007. (cited: Carvalho, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Medicines) Cepaluni, Gabriel; Regime …”

CHAPTER. INTRODUCTION S. 17-22

„… , above all, allow for patents in the pharmaceutical field. Despite theories affirming that a strong …” „… that pharmaceutical patents go against public health policies and are detrimental to populations …” „… patents on the pharmaceutical area and those on compul- 12 See for example Arruda, Cerdeira, Patents on …”

CHAPTER. ANALYZING THE BRAZIL CASE S. 151-178

„… pharmaceutical products is permitted, which restricts production of generic versions of drugs until patents …” „… compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.682 Patent PI9608839, entitled “compound and compound N-(4 …” „… could pose trouble, but threatening to suspend patent protection for pharmaceutical products could …”

CHAPTER. CONCLUDING REMARKS S. 179-182

„… market, while allowing a high level of patent protection to be maintained. Ultimately, the pharmaceutical …” „… CONCLUDING REMARKS The body of provisions on patents in the WTO TRIPS Agreement clearly seeks to …” „… principles and rules locally governing patents must now be interpreted in light of TRIPS. The present text …”

ANNEX: Law 9279, of May 14, 1996 S. 183-234

„… protection of rights relating to industrial property shall be assured by means of: I – the grant of patents …” „… patents or registrations filed in Brazil by a person holding protection under a treaty or convention in …” „… movable property. TITLE I – PATENTS CHAPTER I – OWNERSHIP Art. 6 – The author of an invention or utility …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259628

Hyewon Ahn - Second Generation Patents in Pharmaceutical Innovation

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Hyewon Ahn

Second Generation Patents in Pharmaceutical Innovation

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 19 2014

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III. SPECIFICITIES IN PHARMACEUTICALS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS S. 60-95

„… productivity occurs in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology.318 Even a leading patent-sceptic economist, Nelson …” „… protection for pharmaceuticals Patent protection for industrial technologies There is a strong assumption …” „… PHARMACEUTICALS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 72 changed.298 Arguably, patent protection did not seem to be crucial in …”

Bibliography S. 334-355

„… Pharmaceutical Patents:Developing a Public Health Perspective - A Working Paper, Geneva: ICTSD, WHO, UNCTAD (2006 …” „… , Pharmaceutical patents in Europe, Hague: Kluwer Law International (2000). Donohue, Julie M/Cevasco …” „… ). Engelberg, Alfred B., Special Patent Provisions for Pharmaceuticals: Have they Outlived Their Usefullness …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-21

„… MIPLC Studies Second Generation Patents in Pharmaceutical Innovation Hyewon Ahn 19 Nomos BUT_Ahn …” „… Hyewon Ahn Second Generation Patents in Pharmaceutical Innovation Nomos BUT_Ahn_0874-1.indd 3 …” „… ) 30 Inventions and innovations in pharmaceutical fieldB. 32 Inventions and patents in pharmaceutical …”

II. PHARMACEUTICAL INVENTIONS, INNOVATIONS & PRODUCTS S. 29-59

„… .62 Inventions and innovations in pharmaceutical field Inventions and patents in pharmaceutical field …” „… Categories of pharmaceutical patents are not generally different from patents in different fields of …” „… can be patented depending on the particular jurisdiction. Typical pharmaceutical patents can protect …”

I. INTRODUCTION S. 22-28

„… pharmaceutical industry may be regarded as one of those industries in which the economic rationale for patents …” „… INTRODUCTION Overview “Over the past two decades, the pharmaceutical industry ‘has moved very far …” „… property protection -particularly patents -- government funding, or other administrative policies. However …”

V. IMPLICATIONS OF THE PATENTABILITY REQUIREMENTS ON INNOVATION AND COMPETITION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY S. 185-245

„… 2005. S. 975, 109th Congress (2005–2006). 979 Patent tax means the pharmaceutical patent rent …” „… pharmaceutical companies will resort to creative litigation tactics, especially in securing evergreening patents …” „… time of filing a patent infringement suit.1022 Hindrance of pharmaceutical innovation At the end of the …”

IV. STANDARDS OF PATENTABILITY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SELECTION INVENTIONS S. 96-184

„… specificities and recent developments in the field of pharmaceuticals. As noted, patent protection is crucial …” „… .”). 489 Korean Patent Act, Art. 29 (1). IV. STANDARDS OF PATENTABILITY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL INVENTIONS 102 …” „… STANDARDS OF PATENTABILITY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SELECTION INVENTIONS So far we have explored …”

VI. PROPOSALS S. 246-312

„… intersecting, overlapping, and cross-blocking patents, the benefits of this theory fit the pharmaceutical …” „… pharmaceutical art has dramatically increased yearly ever since.1358 Furthermore, patents were granted to …” „… substance when found in nature. 1355 For example, product patents on pharmaceuticals and chemicals had been …”

VII. FINAL CONCLUSIONS S. 313-321

„… based on the observation that a patent system is a double-edged sword for the pharmaceutical industry …” „… FINAL CONCLUSIONS A steady supply of new medications is vital to public health. The patent system …” „… and patent exclusivity have been among the most important incentives in encouraging continuing …”

List of Case Laws S. 324-333

„… Protection of Pharmaceutical Products, WT/DS114/ R. WTO-Panel Report, Canada-Term of Patent Protection, WT/DS …” „… APPEAL OF THE EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE Abbott Respiratory/Dosage Regime, G 2/08 (2010). Agrevo/Triazoles, T …” „… . Federal Patent Court of Germany BPatG/Atorvastatin, BeckRS 2007, 18183. BPatG/Escitalopram II, 3 Ni 22/10 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845250861

Monica Donghi - Patent Strategy in Pharmaceutical Industry: Are additional patents valuable?

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Monica Donghi

Patent Strategy in Pharmaceutical Industry: Are additional patents valuable?

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 20 2014

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Periodical Materials in English S. 77-80

„… Hemphill, Bhaven N. Sampat, Evergreening, patent challenges, and effective market life in pharmaceuticals …” „… generic competition and patent strategies in the pharmaceutical industry, 3 J. Intell. Prop. L. & Pract …” „… Product and Process Development: Text and Cases, (1st ed. 1993). Bengt Domeij, Pharmaceutical Patents in …”

Table of books S. 80-81

„… , Patents for Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology (5th ed. 2010). Sajiv K. Nair, Kevin E. Henegar …” „… -321/05, 792 GRUR Int 1, (2010). Non Periodical Material John E. Calfee, White Paper on Pharmaceutical …” „… =559&DocID=4894. R. Thomas, Patent “Evergreening”: Issues in Innovation and Competition, Congressional …”

Periodical Material in German S. 80

„… , Patents for Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology (5th ed. 2010). Sajiv K. Nair, Kevin E. Henegar …” „… -321/05, 792 GRUR Int 1, (2010). Non Periodical Material John E. Calfee, White Paper on Pharmaceutical …” „… =559&DocID=4894. R. Thomas, Patent “Evergreening”: Issues in Innovation and Competition, Congressional …”

Non Periodical Material S. 80

„… , Patents for Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology (5th ed. 2010). Sajiv K. Nair, Kevin E. Henegar …” „… -321/05, 792 GRUR Int 1, (2010). Non Periodical Material John E. Calfee, White Paper on Pharmaceutical …” „… =559&DocID=4894. R. Thomas, Patent “Evergreening”: Issues in Innovation and Competition, Congressional …”

Use of Procedural Provisions: Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPCs)/Patent Term Extension S. 27-30

„… patent families dealing with novel derivatives of taxoids.54 This research work successfully led to the …” „… the patent WO 96/30335 (oral formulation WO 00/41482). Despite attempts to switch to the new therapy …” „… (SPCs)/Patent Term Extension In Europe, Supplementary Protection Certificates can be requested from the national …”

Introduction S. 13-15

„… situation has led the pharmaceutical industry to pay more attention to the patent portfolio and to invest …” „… Introduction In 2011, the world pharmaceutical market was worth an estimated 614.6 billion € at …” „… Europe, the researching pharmaceutical industry (constituting the so-called “originator companies”) is …”

Final Remarks S. 73-76

„… of pharmaceuticals but in principle regards all patents also if data reported might sustain such …” „… , critics of this business model argue that secondary patents prolong the monopoly the originator holds on a …” „… in cases of examples where secondary patents led to commercial success, like the protection of …”

Lifecycle Management: Criticism and Supports S. 42-45

„… , Bhaven N. Sampat, Evergreening, patent challenges, and effective market life in pharmaceuticals, 31 J …” „… , Patenting Strategies of the EU Pharmaceutical Industry Crossroad between Patent Law and Competition Policy …” „… sources, patent protection, and commercialization of pharmaceutical innovations, 39 Research Policy 810 …”

Patent Strategy and Innovation S. 66-69

„… paediatric extension should have not been penalized. Patent Strategy and Innovation The main criticisms on …” „… pharmaceutical R&D are directed to the reduced number of NCEs approved by the FDA and the EMA and to the reduced …” „… Marketing Authorisation, which per se is not forbidden by the regulations guiding the pharmaceutical market …”

Statutes S. 82-83

„… 469/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009. The U.S. Patent Act, 35 U.S.C. The …” „… U.S. Patent Act, 21 U.S.C. European Patent Convention (14th ed. amended 2010). Guidelines for …” „… Examination in the European Patent Office (June 2012). List of works cited 82 Patentgesetz [German Patent Act …”

Innovation Tracks S. 45-62

„… patents are successful, as compared to only 23% in the case of patents on active pharmaceutical …” „… EPC Art. 64(2). 192 Bengt Domeij, Pharmaceutical Patents in Europe, at 287 (2000). B. Further Filing …” „… EPO granted to Eisai a patent (in the so-called Swiss-type claim form) for a second pharmaceutical use …”

Speeches and Reports S. 83

„… Patentgesetz [German Patent Act] (1936, revised 1980, amended 2009) (Ger.); translated in World …” „… Intellectual Property Organization, Patent Law, http://www.wipo.int/ wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=238776 …” „… Pharmaceutical Sector Inquiry Report, (July 8, 2011) available at …”

Press release S. 83

„… Patentgesetz [German Patent Act] (1936, revised 1980, amended 2009) (Ger.); translated in World …” „… Intellectual Property Organization, Patent Law, http://www.wipo.int/ wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=238776 …” „… Pharmaceutical Sector Inquiry Report, (July 8, 2011) available at …”

Xalatan SPC Request: a Case for Competition Law? S. 62-66

„… have not been penalized. Patent Strategy and Innovation The main criticisms on pharmaceutical R&D are …” „… the patents connected to it stem very often by more specialized companies as shown in the Xalatan …” „… case study. As already mentioned,215 QLT inc. was one of the more prolific players regarding patent …”

Others S. 83-84

„… Patentgesetz [German Patent Act] (1936, revised 1980, amended 2009) (Ger.); translated in World …” „… Intellectual Property Organization, Patent Law, http://www.wipo.int/ wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=238776 …” „… Pharmaceutical Sector Inquiry Report, (July 8, 2011) available at …”

Pharmaceutical Industry – The Development of a New Drug. S. 16-18

„… Research and Development Process14 13 Sir R. Jacob, Patents and Pharmaceuticals – a speech given on 28th …” „… Background Pharmaceutical Industry – The Development of a New Drug. The development of a new drug …” „… , lines 21-22 (last visited Aug 2, 2012). 14 EFPIA supra note 1 at 7. A. Pharmaceutical Industry – The …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Patent Strategy in Pharmaceutical Industry: Are additional patents valuable? Nomos BUT_Donghi_0991-5 …” „… .indd 4 28.11.13 10:15 Preface This thesis is the result of research and analysis of the patent …” „… investigation has sought to analyse the various motivations which are behind such patent portfolio as well as …”

New Drug Approval Regulations S. 18-19

„… The different stages of the process exhibited in figure 1 show the registration of a patent …” „… this point it should not be left out of sight, that the filing of a patent application is preceded by a …” „… candidate, toxicology and safety studies as well as studies regarding suitable pharmaceutical formulations …”

Generic Drugs Approval. S. 19-20

„… pharmaceutical form as the reference medicinal product23, and whose bioequivalence with the reference medicinal C …” „… for applying for a MA in a Member State do not constitute patent infringement under the so-called …” „… of changes in the active substance(s), therapeutic indications, strength, pharmaceutical form or …”

Conclusion S. 39-41

„… in Italy, where the patent term was due to expire in September 2009, 20 years after the patent …” „… application had been filed. In the United States latanoprost was covered by the patent US 5,296,504 which had …” „… been filed in December 1992 and expired in March 2011. Patent term extension could not be requested …”

Summary: Taxotere v Xalatan S. 69-72

„… trials and market authorisation was obtained. However, the patent family protecting this improvement got …” „… of the patent application and especially its claims which on one hand did not take sufficient account …” „… of pre-existing own patents and on the other hand left room for interpretation.250 In summary, the …”

Patent Portfolio S. 23-27

„… Patent Portfolio Process The synthetic procedure, disclosed in the basic patent family, while allowing …” „… address this issue as can be seen by the large number of successive patents in this area. E.g. EP 0336841 …” „… the technical (less difficult) and the economic (less material loss) point of view. Successive patents …”

Acronyms and Abbreviations S. 11-12

„… Agency EFPIA European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations EPC European Patent …” „… Convention EPO European Patent Office FDA Food and Drug Administration FDLI Food and Drug Law Institute Fed …” „… America U.S.C. United States Code USPTO United States Patent and Trademark Office Acronyms and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251288

Ralf Dewenter, Justus Haucap, Christiane Kehder - Wettbewerb und Regulierung in Medien, Politik und Märkten

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Ralf Dewenter (ed.), Justus Haucap (ed.), Christiane Kehder (ed.)

Wettbewerb und Regulierung in Medien, Politik und Märkten

Series: Wettbewerb und Regulierung von Märkten und Unternehmen

Volume 24 2013

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Severin Frank, Wolfgang Kerber Patent Settlements in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Antitrust Perspective S. 385-414

„… Patent Settlements in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Antitrust Perspective Severin Frank and …” „… patents. In its examination of the pharmaceutical sector the EC found that generic manufacturers have won …” „… Settlements in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Antitrust Perspective 387 bly anticompetitive patent …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… : Ein ökonomischer Überblick 357 Severin Frank/Wolfgang Kerber Patent Settlements in the Pharmaceutical …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845249469

Christine Godt - Differential Pricing of Pharmaceuticals inside Europe

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Christine Godt (ed.)

Differential Pricing of Pharmaceuticals inside Europe

Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)

Volume 58 2010

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Christine Godt Differential Pricing of Patent-Protected Pharmaceuticals for Life-Threatening Infectious-Diseases inside Europe – Can Compulsory Licenses be Employed? S. 23-74

„… Part I The Expert Opinion 25 Differential Pricing of Patent-Protected Pharmaceuticals …” „… . 82 EC) 63 Differential Pricing of Patent-Protected Pharmaceuticals for Life-Threatening …” „… with patent related questions. Differential Pricing of Patent-Protected Pharmaceuticals for …”

Hanns Ullrich European Competition Law, Community-wide Exhaustion and Compulsory Licenses – Disintegrating the Internal Market in the Public Interest S. 89-113

„… pharmaceutical patents hinder the emergence of price differentiation? What measures can be contemplated to …” „… distribute pharmaceuticals to fight the pandemic diseases in question. The plot of the potential conflict …” „… distributors of pharmaceuticals are trading on a geographical market – typically that of a Member State or of …”

Heinz Goddar Price Differentiation and the Conundrum of Exhaustion Principles S. 125-133

„… Pharmaceuticals and Price Differentiation It is generally accepted that effective drugs, even the most modern and …” „… order to achieve this goal, it is first of all necessary that effective pharmaceuticals are …” „… continuously developed, and, secondly, it must be assured that such pharmaceuticals are not only …”

Sabine Richard Differential Pricing of Pharmaceuticals – Lessons from Economic Theory S. 145-155

„… innovative pharmaceuticals over time. During the patent period, companies try to generate as much revenue as …” „… incentives for R&D and patents. Differential Pricing of Pharmaceuticals – Lessons from Economic Theory …” „… pharmaceutical industry and a granted monopoly during patent period, the reliance on price competition is not …”

Geertrui Van Overwalle Differential Pricing: Piercing or Fostering the IP Incentive for Public Health? S. 113-125

„… pharmaceutical patents hinder the emergence of price differentiation? What measures can be contemplated to …” „… cocktail) are indeed protected by a patent in the country at stake. The researchbased pharmaceutical …” „… Pricing for Pharmaceuticals: Reconciling Access, R&D and Patents, 3 International Journal of Health Care …”

Jerome H. Reichman Lessons to be Learned in Europe from the International Discourse on Patents and Public Health S. 133-145

„… not needed until recently because India had been free from the duty to patent pharmaceuticals until …” „… . Verma, New patent regime of India and pharmaceutical patents: The innovation dimension, in: J. Drexl et …” „… is a risk of undermining incentives to invest in risky pharmaceutical research, which the patent …”

Christine Godt Introduction S. 9-14

„… pharmaceuticals within Europe – a hot issue not only since the European Court of Justice scrutinised supply …” „… restrictions lately in the Lélos case, and the European Commission has inquired the pharmaceutical sector …” „… incorporated into AIDS-therapy, most of them on patents and only supplied at Western European prices. This …”

Christian Wagner-Ahlfs Research Incentives from a Public Health Perspective: The Role of Public Funded Research S. 183-190

„… ? Patents, biological drugs, and pharmaceutical capitalism in early twentieth century Germany. History and …” „… the pharmaceutical market fails to fulfill public health needs and therefore a governmental …” „… the role of patents changed within publicly funded research, while paragraph E will present a case …”

Aleksei Kelli Intellectual Property Rights and Access to HIV Medicines in Estonia S. 175-183

„… medication.14 Compulsory Licensing as a Tool to Access HIV Medicines The legal framework of Estonian patent …” „… in the field of IP (e.g. the European Patent Convention17) and has harmonized its legislation with …” „… the respective EU directives in the field of IP. The Estonian national patent system is based on the …”

Nadia laneva Protection and Regullation of Pharmaceuticals in Bulgaria S. 169-175

„… Rights (TRIPS). In compliance with it, Bulgaria introduced a 20year patent protection for pharmaceuticals …” „… 169 Protection and Regulation of Pharmaceuticals in Bulgaria Nadia Ianeva* A. The Bulgarian …” „… Pharmaceutical Sector In comparison with other Eastern European States, Bulgaria hosts a comparatively efficient …”

Werner Schroeder Community Exhaustion: Does European Law allow for Flexibility? S. 75-89

„… pharmaceutical product in the Member State of importation on the basis of a parallel patent and, relying on Art …” „… or patent law, but my field of specialization is the law of the internal market. I will therefore …” „… pharmaceutical products? B. The Principle of Free Movement of Goods I. General Remarks The prohibition of …”

Joint Declaration adopted by the German Federal Ministry of Health and the research-based pharmaceutical industry S. 199-200

„… the Research-based Pharmaceutical Industry 10. Juni 2008 • The Federal Ministry of Health and the …” „… research-based pharmaceutical industry reaffirm the Joint Declaration made at the Bremen Conference on …” „… states. • The Federal Ministry of Health and the research-based pharmaceutical industry note that the …”

Ortwin Schulte General Political and Economic Conditions Affecting Access to Life-Saving Medicines in the Enlarged European Union S. 15-22

„… highpoint in this respect. Moreover, the discussion about alternatives to patent protection has a greater …” „… pharmaceutical law (I.), the basic question of how necessary price differentiation is in the internal market (II …” „… European Pharmaceutical Law Pharmaceutical law in the European Union has been partially harmonised: the …”

List of Contributing Authors S. 210-213

„… Annex VI 210 Annex VI: List of Contributing Authors Heinz GODDAR is German Patent Attorney and …” „… European Patent and Trademark Attorney, partner of Boehmert & Boehmert and of Forrester & Boehmert, Munich …” „… (PKU), Beijing, China. He serves as Associate Judge at the Senate for Patent Attorneys Matters at the …”

Valérie Paris Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy in a Global Market – Cross-border Impact on the Availability and Prices S. 155-169

„… 155 Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy in a Global Market – Cross-border Impact on the a Availability …” „… pharmaceutical pricing (Autumn 2005- Winter 2007). The project had several objectives: describe pharmaceutical …” „… report “Pharmaceutical pricing in a global market” was published in 2008 and six working papers on cases …”

List of Abbreviations S. 213-219

„… European Economic Area EEC European Economic Community EFPIA European Federation of Pharmaceuticals …” „… Medicines Agency EOLSS Encyclopedia for Life Support Systems EPC European Patent Convention EPLA European …” „… Patent Litigation Agreement EPO European Patent Office Est.PA Estonian Patent Act et al. et alii (and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… of Patent-Protected Pharmaceuticals for Life-Threatening Infectious-Diseases inside Europe – Can …” „… Christine Godt (ed.) Differential Pricing of Pharmaceuticals inside Europe Exploring Compulsory Licenses …” „… Discourse on Patents and Public Health Jerome H. Reichman 133 Section 2: Empirical Insight Differential …”

HIV-Pharmaceuticals prescribed in Bulgaria and Estonia S. 207-210

„… Annex V 207 Annex V: HIV-Pharmaceuticals Prescribed in Bulgaria and Estonia ARV Drugs used in …” „… Contributing Authors Heinz GODDAR is German Patent Attorney and European Patent and Trademark Attorney …” „… serves as Associate Judge at the Senate for Patent Attorneys Matters at the German Federal Court of …”

English Translation of Central Norms from Bulgaria, Estonia and Romania S. 200-207

„… Estonian Patent Act of 1994 (as amended 21.12.1998)1 § 47 Compulsory Licence (1) A person who is …” „… refusal of the proprietor of the patent to grant a licence, file an action in court for acquiring a …” „… compulsory licence if: 1) the proprietor of the patent has not used the invention in the Republic of Estonia …”

Workshop Programme S. 191-195

„… PHARMACEUTICALS INSIDE EUROPE EXPLORING COMPULSORY LICENSES AND EXHAUSTION Workshop in Bremen organised by Prof …” „… Pharmaceutical Market (Modelling Differential Pricing) Dr. Sabine Richard, AOK Berlin (Local Sickness Fund …” „… h Price Differentiation and the Conundrum of Exhaustion Principles Prof. Dr. Heinz Goddar (Patent …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845223124

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