Filter results

Results (9987)

Sort by:

Select all Select all

Page 1

Andreas Eder-Ramsauer, Seongcheol Kim, Andy Knott, Marina Prentoulis - Populism, Protest, and New Forms of Political Organisation

No access

Select

Andreas Eder-Ramsauer (ed.), Seongcheol Kim (ed.), Andy Knott (ed.), Marina Prentoulis (ed.)

Populism, Protest, and New Forms of Political Organisation

Series: Schriften der Themengruppe Populismus in der DVPW

Volume 2 2022

Results in this title

3. Movement Parties and People’s Parties of a New Type S. 48-50

„… subjectivity.Movement Parties and People’s Parties of a New TypeThese theoretical considerations open up a dynamic …” „… parties and people’s parties of a new type (Volksparteien neuen Typs): the former are primarily oriented …” „… of a readily identifiable leader figure. In contrast, people’s parties of a new type such as Podemos …”

3. The Digitalisation of Political Parties S. 22-24

„… “citizens are breathing new life into the party form, remaking parties in their own changed participatory …” „… participation.The Digitalisation of Political PartiesStarting in the 1970s and 80s, political parties have …” „… political participation offered to members and supporters, for instance through the introduction of new …”

2. Populism, between Movements and Parties S. 131-135

„… explain its demise in 2019.Populism, between Movements and PartiesPopulism, Movement and Party …” „… defined as a distinctive form of politics or a new political logic (Katsambekis/Kioupkiolis 2019: 3 …” „… mobilises new ways of collective association.Second, populism appears when the political articulation of …”

3. The Relationship between Movements and Populist Parties S. 59-61

„… political parties had been loosened if not totally severed. This enabled Podemos, a new party that had …” „… Populist PartiesA lot has been written about the 2011 anti-austerity movements of the squares in Greece and …” „… , movements and parties (Occupy/anti-austerity movements and Labour) and, second, between parties, in this …”

3. Student Movement and Corbynism in the UK S. 136-140

„… government between both parties.The decline in protests and the successive defeats of movements pushed some …” „… Rios-Jara136tion and grassroots organisation as a new way of doing politics. For them, non-institutional …” „… , during the 2010 elections, signed a pledge with the NUS promising to oppose new fee rises. They broke the …”

4. Contesting Corbynism S. 141-145

„… the universities and government and not only from alliances with political parties.The criticism also …” „… Labour clubs, which captured all the energy from new students. The direct engagement of key figures and …” „… instrumentalised by political parties as an electoral constituency and later being betrayed or disregarded in the …”

References S. 34-37

„… . (Eds.) 2021: Digital Parties: The Challenges of Online Organisation and Participation. New …” „… : Network Parties: A New Model to Democratise and Digitise Party Politics? Discussion Paper. Das …” „… , https://www.progressives-zentrum.org/network-parties-a-new-model-to-democratise-and-digitise-party-politics/ [6 May 2022].López de Miguel, Alejandro 2014: “Iglesias: ‘Tres secretarios generales no ganan …”

3. Overview of the Volume S. 14-16

„… Seongcheol Kim develops a distinction between “movement parties” and “people’s parties of a new type” based …” „… , with “movement parties” and “people’s parties of a new type” constituting two poles of a continuum …” „… Podemos. With their “free membership model” (akin to that of social media platforms), digital parties …”

4. Stage I: A “Digital Party” S. 25-28

„… predictions about the future of party organisation on results obtained by new parties in their breakthrough …” „… tive parties examined by Gerbaudo, which conduct all or most operations online, and mainstream …” „… parties, which are migrating only some dimensions to the digital sphere (e.g., membership, candidate and …”

1. Introduction S. 20

„… IntroductionSince the dawn of the internet age, the digitalisation of political parties has been a major topic of …” „… substantial differences among political parties. The first position is most famously defended by Paolo …” „… Gerbaudo (2019), who argues that a new ideal type of party he calls “digital party” has the capacity to …”

5. Conclusion S. 146-147

„… repertoires of organisation and strategies from social movements and political parties to advance the …” „… pursue a transformative agenda for society depend on how successful political parties and social …” „… Corbynism could not advance a deeper transformation of the party and allow new activists to incorporate and …”

2. Data and Methods S. 21

„… when the enthusiasm that characterises the early stages of any new phenomenon wanes. This is …” „… particularly the case for Podemos, a latecomer when compared with other digital parties whose strengths and …” „… digitalisation of political parties, focusing specifically on the debate over whether the process of …”

References S. 17-19

„… Theory, 12 (3), pp. 166–184.Prentoulis, Marina / Thomassen, Lasse 2019: “Movement Parties: A New Hybrid …” „… of Global Populism. London/New York.De Nadal, Lluis 2021: “On Populism and Social Movements: From the …” „… : Movement Parties against Austerity. Cambridge.Errejón, Íñigo / Mouffe, Chantal 2015: Construir pueblo …”

2. Populism, Protest, and Political Organisation S. 13

„… and new forms of organisation in the wake of the post-2010 protest conjuncture.Digital parties …” „… populism. While the literature on movement parties (Kitschelt 2006; Della Porta et al. 2017 …” „… ; Prentoulis/Thomassen 2019) has keyed in on political parties’ adoption of contentious frames from the protest arena in …”

References S. 52-54

„… Parties against Austerity. Cambridge.Errejón, Íñigo / Mouffe, Chantal 2015: Construir pueblo: Hegemonía y …” „… : Declaration.Iglesias, Pablo 2015: “Understanding Podemos”. In: New Left Review, 93, pp. 7–22.Katsambekis, Giorgos …” „… .Kitschelt, Herbert 2006: “Movement Parties”. In: Katz, Richard / Crotty, William (Eds.): Handbook of Party …”

1. Populism and Protest S. 10-12

„… , Querdenken in Germany. Part of the challenge ten years on is to grapple with the sheer diversity of new forms …” „… existing structures of representation and spawned wide-ranging experimentation with new forms of political …” „… of political parties vying to channel the mobilisational energies unleashed by these movements into …”

3. Populism and Representation in the Mass Media: Analyses of Visual Artefacts S. 116-125

„… parties and the French Communist party founded during 2009 European elections, introduces himself as a …” „… rally the nation as a whole. On the left side, a new political formation was emerging. Described as a …” „… itself in the political arena and be recognised as a credible “brand” like the other established parties …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Parties of a New Type 38Seongcheol KimFrom Austerity to Brexit: The Failed Populist Moment 55Marina …” „… [Eds.]Populism, Protest, and New Forms of Political OrganisationSchriften der Themengruppe Populismus in der …” „… SelkScientific Advisory BoardBrigitte Bargetz (Kiel), Paula Diehl (Kiel), Federico Finchelstein (New York …”

4. Conclusion S. 51

„… between movement parties and people’s parties of a new type as two poles of a continuum between horizontal …” „… denial of contingency (Lefort), a new police arche (Rancière), or the loss of autonomy of “democratic …”

References S. 127-129

„… parties’ populist ideologies: opposition between “us”, “the people”, and “them”, “the elite”; the crucial …” „… ideological – shift before and after 2016 is obvious for these two parties and demonstrate their resolve to …” „… both through old (as was seen in our terrain of campaign posters) and new media, in order to gain in …”

2. Representation, Populism and Visual Media S. 111-115

„… cartel parties as a symptom of a world of shifting modes of representation, creating new forms of it …” „… parties’ initials will be frequently used in this study: “FN” stands for National Front (Front national in …” „… credibility traditional governmental parties are suffering, populists seem to be the most successful at …”

2. From Lefort to Mouffe: Populism and Radical Democratic Theory S. 39-47

„… conceptual-empirical discussion that proposes a distinction between movement parties and people’s parties of a new type …” „… , Mouffe’s more recent emphasis on left populism as a “new form of political organisation” (Errejón/Mouffe …” „… , but also entails a counter-hegemonic claim to institute a new arche. Gerbaudo’s (2017b) analysis of …”

1. Introduction S. 55

„… neoliberalism, and with the new parties of the left taking on the demands of the movements of the squares ten …” „… the years after the crisis, movements – and later parties – which brought “the people” to the …”

1. Introduction S. 38

„… Populism, Radical Democracy, and Political Organisation: Movement Parties and People’s Parties of a …” „… New Type1Seongcheol KimIntroductionThe relationship between populism and radical democracy – as well …”

5. Stage II: From “Digital Party” to “Multi-Speed Party” S. 29-32

„… of bureaucratic positions – those that digital parties presumably disdain (Gerbaudo 2019: 92) – the …” „… with the establishment parties, he argued, Podemos should first seek to create a more propitious …” „… organisation in the image of the early Green Parties than to be able to make the case that Podemos was a …”

References S. 148-149

„… Parties: A New Hybrid Form of Politics?". In: Fominaya, Cristina Flesher / Feenstra, Ramón (Eds …” „… . 254–270.Bassett, Lewis 2019: "Corbynism: Social Democracy in a New Left Garb”. In: The Political Quarterly …” „… Against Neoliberal Universities. Bristol.Fraser, Nancy 2019: The Old Is Dying and the New Cannot Be Born …”

1. Introduction S. 150-151

„… Greek people” which Syriza invoked on its way to power. Unlike most right-wing populist parties, Syriza …” „… new articulations and antagonisms to supersede pre-crisis identities (Stavrakakis et al. 2018 …” „… ) defends populism as a new strategy for the Left – without detailing what should happen when a left-wing …”

2. Berlin’s Protest Landscape in the Face of the Pandemic S. 188-189

„… responses towards the new protest formations over COVID-19-policies that are open for the inclusion of …” „… capital was the starting point for new and ideologically heterogenous protest movements raising objections …” „… political outsiders leaning ideologically towards the right who do not support any of the parties in …”

1. Introduction S. 109-110

„… and economic issues – populist organisations have claimed to develop new ways of doing politics in …” „… concentrate on analyses of visual artefacts made by two French populist parties, and in particular on …”

4. Brexit, Democracy and Popular Sovereignty S. 62-65

„… question – thus the need for new parties – in Britain the issue took a more moderate turn, which expressed …” „… that the people – which in this particular case were the members of the Labour Party (old and new …” „… less the need for a new type of representation and more the need for party change. At the same time, we …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748931669

Julian Krüper, Heike Merten, Thomas Poguntke - Parteienwissenschaften

No access

Select

Julian Krüper (ed.), Heike Merten (ed.), Thomas Poguntke (ed.)

Parteienwissenschaften

Series: Schriften zum Parteienrecht und zur Parteienforschung

Volume 50 2015

Results in this title

Michael Baurmann, Geoffrey Brennan Political Parties as Epistemic Actors. New Perspectives of Institutional Economics S. 59-82

„… 59 Political Parties as Epistemic Actors. New Perspectives of Institutional Economics Michael …” „… the new states indicated that at least one of the parties in the German Bundestag is representing …” „… , Democratic Devices and Desires, 2000; Geoffrey Brennan/Alan Hamlin, Revisionist Public Choice Theory, New …”

Klaus von Beyme Zum Stand der Parteienforschung S. 9-40

„… . Dalton/Steven A. Weldon, Public Images of Political Parties: A Necessary Evil?, WEP 2005, S. 931 (932 ff …” „… . 1998, S. 197. 6 Giovanni Sartori, Parties and Party Systems, 1976. Zum Stand der Parteienforschung …” „… ein „nothing-new-under-the-sun-Approach“ an die Parteien unangemessen. Es wurde Zeit, über party …”

Thomas Poguntke Die Präsidentialisierung des politischen Prozesses: Welche Rolle bleibt den politischen Parteien? S. 261-282

„… Richard/Müller-Rommel (Hrsg.), Political Parties in the New Europe: Political and Analytical Challenges, 2002, S …” „… Party Government,WEP 2008, S. 211-34. 8 Angelo Panebianco, Political Parties: Organization and Power …” „… Chancellor, WEP 1991, S. 48-61. 14 Ludger Helms, ‘Chief Executives’ and their Parties: The Case of Germany …”

Emanuel V. Towfigh Politische Parteien und Gewaltenteilung Einsichten der Public-Choice-Theorie S. 283-302

„… . außerdem John H. Aldrich, Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America, 1995 …” „… auch Hinweis bei James J. M. Snyder, Jr./Michael M. Ting, Electoral Selection with Parties and …” „… Recht, 2010, S. 117 (123); Parteien als Screening Instrument: Bernard Caillaud/Jean Tirole, Parties as …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Dreier Politische Parteien in theoretischer Perspektive Political Parties as Epistemic Actors …” „… . New Perspectives of Institutional Economics 59 Michael Baurmann, Geoffrey Brennan Politische …”

Dieter Nohlen Zum Verhältnis von Wahlsystem und Parteiensystem im international vergleichenden politikwissenschaftlichen Diskurs S. 185-198

„… Matthew S. Shugart, Comparative Electoral Systems Research. The Maturation of a Field and New Challenges …” „… ____________________ 7 Stein Rokkan, Citizens, Elections, Parties: Approaches to the Comparative Study of the Process …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845257839

Karl-Heinz Nassmacher - The Funding of Party Competition

No access

Select

Karl-Heinz Nassmacher

The Funding of Party Competition

2009

Results in this title

Access for new parties: Openness of the party system? S. 346-352

„… seriously infringe upon the opportunity of new parties to compete with their established counterparts? Have …” „… . Access for new parties: Openness of the party system? 59The access of additional parties that win seats …” „… could easily ? nd an even more contrasting pair by adding the U.K. with no subsidies and no new parties …”

Bibliography S. 407-450

„… (2000) 4, pp. 395-417.Biezen, Ingrid van (2003): Political Parties in New Democracies: Party …” „… Science, 425 (1976) May, pp. 33-58.Epstein, Leon D. (1980): Political Parties in Western Democracies. New …” „… University, 1982.Ewing, Keith D. (1987): The Funding of Political Parties in Britain. Cambridge and New York …”

Catch-all parties S. 398-402

„… partiesIn the 1990s Katz und Mair identi? ed a new type of party and named it the “cartel party.” They …” „… way to Kirchheimer’s new type of catch-all party.10 Catch-all parties are characterised by a reduction …” „… this study, con? rms this assumption, as younger and newer parties depend much more on public subsidies …”

Contribution to party revenue (Income situation of parties) S. 317-322

„… donations, then different situations can be expected in old and new democracies, among various parties in …” „… organisation before they became successful electorally, in the age of media communication “new parties [of a …” „… ? fths of its central revenue in state aid.150 A comparison of old and new parties of the left (i.e …”

Changing roles of political parties: Arrested distribution of power? S. 356-360

„… fragmentation of a party system do not necessarily indicate that new or small parties have entered the centre of …” „… no common ideological background.91In most countries, the participation of new parties in governments …” „… of small or new parties in governments has not happened in Spain, although minority govern ments have …”

Cartel parties S. 402-406

„… cartel-like manner.2. Cartel partiesIn the 1990s Katz und Mair identi? ed a new type of party and named it the …” „… led Katz and Mair to the hypothesis that in the future parties will converge to represent this new …” „… by two novelty seeking scholars.What Katz and Mair discovered is not a new type of political parties …”

Distribution of subsidies S. 314-317

„… contributions) is used for campaign reimbursements to parties in Canada.125 New political groups in France …” „… problem of fairness as new and small parties, which normally cannot rely on many members or donors, will …” „… the least discriminat ing procedure available, it may be hard for small or new parties to compete on a …”

Skewed competition between individual parties S. 341-346

„… ? nancial supporters.41 Older parties enjoy competitive advantages over new ones because they have …” „… new parties obviously compete from different levels of opportunity. Testing inequality as a hazard to …” „… considered separately.First, the opportunity of new parties to win access to parliament by means of a fair …”

Different levels of the party organisation (headquarters, branches and chapters) S. 378-387

„… recruiting new members than are their Austrian counterparts, which unlike the German parties receive public …” „… . For Scandinavian parties this owes “much to the new rules regarding state subven tions,”101 which …” „… staffed at all levels. The same can also be expected for German parties.There are additional reasons that …”

Impacts of political funding S. 397-398

„… theory that public subsidies lead to an ossi? cation of the party system can also be refuted. New parties …” „… with a certain base amount given to all recipient parties.The signi? cance of public subsidies can be …” „… tended to become catch-all parties.71. Catch-all partiesFollowing an even more traditional line of …”

Parties and their candidates S. 374-378

„… selection of candidates.54 Nevertheless parties in the U.S. survived by providing new services for …” „… parties.A widely accepted hypothesis stipulates that in P.R. systems voters choose parties rather than …” „… resurgence of the parties on the ground was tried by a change in the non-? nancial rule of intra-party com …”

(Campaign) Spending by individual candidates S. 335-341

„… and new. Although parties in power have the advantage of determining such laws, the watchful eyes of …” „… opportunity of new and mi nor parties to compete?Now let us turn to the ? rst question, whether or not money …” „… ? nancial supporters.41 Older parties enjoy competitive advantages over new ones because they have …”

Institutional fundraising S. 244-254

„… with trade unions meant institutional funding for workers’ parties.In Denmark and Norway unions are …” „… continuous ? ow of funds reduce many of the hazards for democracy. Parti es are competing organisations of …” „… . The secret ballot and the private character of politic al parties, however, are enshrined in …”

Intensified competition S. 164-167

„… terms of funds available, and the rise of two new parties. One of them, the Reform Party, represented …” „… , sub-section C1 (election campaigns).166In Germany two new parties have entered the system. Both parties …” „… will be limited to these parties.Since 1984 German parties are obligated by law to publicly report …”

Revenue/ income S. 393-397

„… system can also be refuted. New parties have successfully entered party competition in many democracies …” „… , mostly according to party size; preferably with a certain base amount given to all recipient parties.The …” „… complexity by describing types. Four types represent the universe of political parties operating in …”

Professional politics S. 177-183

„… , parties must have found ways to pay more for possibly fewer staff. Although new campaign technology is im …” „… sub-national headquarters of the major parties.Nevertheless, during the 1970s and 1980s developments in …” „… availability of new technology (including new media).(3) Among the factors affecting the factual use of …”

Costs of medium sized democracies: Canada, Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden S. 101-105

„… due to new legislation. Registered parties report to the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) all …” „… cash economy for the competing parties.An estimate of campaign expenses in 1988 indicated that the …” „… ) Parties and candidates in Canada report their federal campaign expenses to the Chief Electoral Of? cer …”

Paid labour S. 60-64

„… the 19th century, working class parties in continental Europe started a new type of mass party with a …” „… types of cost incurred by political parties.B) Types of cost (elements of expenditure)According to books …” „… expenses)Years PartiesBritain Labour LibDem Cons.Range 1967-75 51-62 25-56 47-69Average 1967-75 56.2 46.9 59.3 …”

Index S. 451-467

„… , 181new democracies 321, 322, 331 see also Mexico, Poland, Spainnew parties 310, 315, 316, 319, 320 …” „… partiesConservatives (U.K.) 52, 62, 82, 135, 136, 174-5, 179, 190, 201, 205, 207, 208-9, 214, 220-1, 223, 231-2, 256 …” „… , 256-7, 318, 320 see also Social Democratic partiesLabour Party (U.K.) 52, 62-3, 82, 135, 174-5, 179 …”

National, regional and local tiers (levels of party organisation) S. 47-54

„… for federal and local, about half for the state parties.Two studies of Swiss party ? nancing include …” „… 47CHAPTER TWOFactual Pattern of (Party) ExpenditureSince the 1970s political parties have published …” „… considerable number of countries. Before a comparative evaluation of the spending by parties and their …”

More comprehensive data S. 162-164

„… 1968 to 2002 will be limited to these parties.Since 1984 German parties are obligated by law to …” „… nonparty groups, a new player in the political game. In 1996 such PACs contributed another 12% to the …” „… data for income and expenses, which are available for individual parties (1995-99) show that most …”

Influence of party competition on funding rules S. 324-326

„… , New Zealand and the U.S.). Looking at individual parties, we can observe that especially the smallest …” „… set-ups, which new parties have to deal 170 Gidlund/ Koole 2001, p. 116; Neill report 1998, pp. 30/31.171 …” „… , directly or indirectly, old parties (which set the rules) hinder new parties’ access political competition …”

Room for changing weight of individual parties: Freezing of the party system? S. 352-356

„… ) new parties outnumber those without them even if signi? cant public subsidies are in place. The …” „… Poland and Israel. Moreover state aid may enhance the survival of new parties.80 In this respect public …” „… fragmentation of a party system do not necessarily indicate that new or small parties have entered the centre of …”

Membership dues S. 199-215

„… ” participating parties consequently lost many of their new members.50Early decline in partisanship in France …” „… parties in New Zealand started in the 1970s, howev er, party membership hit bottom when the electoral …” „… potential contributors. This is true even if parties or candidates offer something in exchange for the …”

Level of the taxpayers’ contribution S. 322-324

„… 322State aid seems to be a necessity for political parties in new democracies. Public ? nancing of …” „… 80 to 90 per cent of headquarters’ annual revenue.161 For all such cases (small and new parties as …” „… Britain, Canada, New Zealand and the U.S.). Looking at individual parties, we can observe that especially …”

Areas of interest: issues in political finance S. 19-26

„… foresee. This would come along with the emer gence of a new type, the cartel party.40 Parties, which are …” „… activity.”3 It can acquire skills to compensate for shortcomings of speci? c parties or candidates. It can …” „… elaborated by Schumpeter and Downs, who see parties as entrepreneurs acting to maximise their votes, Ferguson …”

Approaching members and supporters by direct mailings S. 370-372

„… for media performance, spin doctors and the like. However, this is not suf? cient. Parties have to be …” „… mentioned already, small donations are a general indicator of linkage between individual parties and speci …” „… be.31 However, NGOs have an advantage. Whereas parties must aggregate different policies, NGOs can …”

Summary of findings for party competition S. 360-362

„… to trigger change. However, new and old parties have welcomed additional funds washed into their …” „… the opportunity of new and minor parties to compete, this dimension was discussed separately. The …” „… test of reality. New parties have entered the party system in many democracies. Established parties …”

Public funding as a result of government structure S. 326-332

„… own favour. However, new candidates and small parties may also bene? t from such regula tion as an …” „… potentially may be needed to tolerate a minority government was favoured in new legislation. For example, in …” „… inconsequential.183One assumption may be plausible and also true: major parties provide public funding in their …”

Party organisation and party penumbra S. 387-389

„… model. A new term calls such organisations “network parties.”129 Many actors in various regions and on …” „… de facto similarity in the internal distribution of power within the major parties.”114 Power resided …” „… funding to extra-party organisations, e.g. New Zealand and the Netherlands, caucuses tend to be better …”

Subsidies-in-kind S. 296-300

„… 296petitive New Jersey the highest rate), efforts to familiarise taxpayers with the programme and …” „… centrated on only a few campaigns or a few candidates, as in New Jersey and Michigan, pub lic funds have a …” „… parties to co-operate voluntarily with political ? nance regulation. Mixed funding of politics and …”

Impacts of funding S. 43-46

„… possibly in different ways. Many scholars emphasise that new parties do not have the same access to public …” „… systems or infringe upon the opportunity of new and minor parties to compete?Research on the third …” „… different variables have to be considered. The emergence of new parties should not to be confused with the …”

Small donations S. 215-222

„… , especially at election times. Like many other parties the National Party of New Zealand “has maintained a …” „… Among the liberal parties, the largest share collected from dues is by the Dutch, VVD members …” „… parties (as measured by voting strength or parliamentary seats) on the left seem to still be able to tap …”

Changes of grass-roots linkage via membership dues and small donations S. 363-370

„… support a party are usually called its grass-roots. Scholars expect parties to provide linkage between …” „… result of changes in communication technology and institutional rules, among them new political ? nance …” „… supporters? Have speci? c rou tines of funding assisted parties in securing linkage to their grass-roots? Or …”

Corporate contributions (money from the business community) S. 260-269

„… parties and governing parties have been the favoured reci pients.128 As a consequence of corruption …” „… scandals, parties and politicians in most democra cies watch their public reputation and shy away from …” „… Germany and Britain linkage between business and the conser vative parties is closer than in Canada and …”

Party caucuses (parliamentary groups) S. 306-308

„… new lists of candidates are eligible, too.82On top of both federal subsidies (for parliamentary …” „… political parties as well. Although each state has its own regulation, in general they are similar to those …” „… at the federal level. Most of the public money given to parties is provided at the sub-national level …”

Definition of the subject: political finance S. 30-34

„… democracy needs rules for political parties, which organise the management of con? icts between freedom and …” „… equality,75 participation and control. Parties are instruments of voluntary participation. In all …” „… . Because parties are more loosely (pragmatic, leadership or policy-oriented parties) or very strongly …”

Developing a case for public funding S. 289-292

„… new “pasture” during the 1960s.3 Norway (1970), Canada and Italy (1974), Austria (1975) and the U.S …” „… legislation became effective during the 1980s. The last to enact new rules were Japan (1994), Ireland (1997 …” „… public funds available to par ties and/or candidates.4 Among the established democracies only India, New …”

Desiderata of political finance research S. 26-30

„… 26e? ts provide incentives for candidates (and parties) to co-operate with such programmes of …” „… in politics with frequent amendments to relevant regulation, time and again new research efforts have …” „… long run this can bring about improved or deteriorated rules of the game; in short a new political …”

Cost push or demand pull? S. 183-192

„… studies of political parties, their activities and their use of political resources. New ways of appealing …” „… not increased much in both countries, parties must have found ways to pay more for possibly fewer …” „… staff. Although new campaign technology is im portant in all the cases studied in-depth (including Japan …”

Measurement of and incentives for grass-roots linkage S. 372-374

„… 372On the contrary, the Central Of? ces of both major parties have turned to a loophole in the new …” „… of older parties (with their voting clientele) have weakened. Those with newer parties do not provide …” „… to question.41As we compare the fundraising activities of Austrian and German parties, the ? ndings …”

Modes of party competition S. 135-141

„… the major parties will necessarily cause a high level of political spending. A number of separate …” „… organisation.Obviously the ? nancial burden of a party organisation is reinforced if parties employ perma nent organisers …” „… considerable spending levels in many countries. Australi an, Canadian, Danish, Dutch, Irish and U.S. parties do …”

Sources of revenue S. 40-43

„… emphasise that new parties do not have the same access to public subsi dies as major parties. The most …” „… media advertising or the recurrent implementation of new campaign technology or the unlimited expansion …” „… include four big, one medium-sized and one small democracy. After dealing with spending by parties and …”

Party organisations S. 304-306

„… headquarters, a trend that many scholars working on parties have elaborated on.76 Sometimes even new laws for …” „… of 1,672). …. Among candidates of the major parties (3 in 1988, 5 from 1993 to 2000 and 4 since 2004 …” „… in Canada and France (as well as parties contesting a federal elec tion in Canada) are partly …”

Moral hazard of democracy? S. 239-244

„… monetary sources of political parties would look at mem bership dues, assessments of of? ce-holders, and …” „… parties” by unknown or unwanted sources. This unease demands that anyone who deals with interested money …” „… to sell it.”5Whenever parties depend on donated funds, they may want to reciprocate the generosity of …”

Summary of findings for party organisation S. 389-392

„… 389while offering opportunities to their party activists. Parties in government (mostly in …” „… co-operation with major parties of the opposition) have often failed to act well and timely on issues of …” „… have learned, and our effort con? rms their view, to see parties as rather complex organisations with a …”

Access to public funding S. 310-314

„… . parties automatically qualify for a convention grant.118 In France there is compensation for new political …” „… small contributions) is used for campaign reimbursements to parties in Canada.125 New political groups …” „… within the framework of the parties were transferred to the af? liates.106Following a German precedent …”

Earmarked funds S. 300-302

„… types of subsidies, which can be considered as direct state aid to parties, candidates and partisan …” „… proportion of reported and receipted expenses actually incurred by candidates and/ or parties is reimbursed …” „… candidates and parties are forced to seek out additional donations as the subsidy covers only part of the …”

Organisation maintenance S. 79-84

„… maintenanceAll parties fund routine activities, which involve the maintenance of permanent organisations at the …” „… entirely to organise and execute election campaigns. Virtually ever ything parties do in both countries “is …” „… with the AEC indicate that Australian parties spend considerable amounts in years without 138 Dewachter …”

Donations by wealthy individuals (contributions from personal wealth) S. 254-260

„… brought to the fore a new type of interested money: the “527s” or “stealth” PACs. The most important …” „… for power politics. As competing parties need both, money and votes, this con? ict will force them to …” „… individuals (contributions from personal wealth)For bourgeois (right-of-centre) parties, individual …”

Costs of major democracies: Italy, Britain, France, Spain, Poland S. 96-101

„… political outlay. Thus the consolidated spending by Mexico’s local, state and national parties during the …” „… estimate the amounts spent by Italian parties, which appear to by-pass their of? cial ? nancial reports …” „… parties are unusually low. For the 1996 election campaign Italian parties spent about ITL 52 billion, i.e …”

Graft from business sources S. 279-284

„… all major parties “use their position of [national, regional or municipal] power to nominate some of …” „… resources (and trade union funds) has found a new focus, the intra-party competition for positions on the …” „… chests of incumbent parties. Kickbacks (slush funds, which are called ristournes in Que bec or tangenti …”

Costs of the biggest democracies: USA, Japan, Germany, Mexico S. 87-96

„… in politics.3 Many approaches seem to be driven by the assumption that political parties spend too …” „… more appropriate to gather knowledge about the factual situation. Parties and candidates spend the …” „… Casas-Zamora 2005a, p. 158), Finland (see Wiberg 1991c, p. 57), India (see Sridharan 2006b, pp. 325-327), New …”

Abuse of public resources S. 276-279

„… sources of funding for the Communist parties as well.209 The Indian Communists are successfully operating …” „… ), postcommu nist parties relied heavily on contributions from state enterprises, non-communist parties on …” „… , con ferences and sales.212 Other parties started to sell fan merchandise, but the amounts raised in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… of the party system? 3461. Access for new parties: Openness of the party system? 3472. Room for …” „… of new drafts. I have thanked all of them for their individual contribution during the various stages …” „… spending 1671. Paid TV advertising 1672. New technology 1723. Professional politics 177C) Cost push or …”

Paid TV advertising S. 167-172

„… 70% … The advent of competitive television … caused big changes.”55 Parties adapted to the new …” „… .”51 In general parties manage to reduce this impact by de? ning suitable rules for media access.5247 …” „… parties are reluctant to buy TV commercials 53 and Austria did not introduce commercial TV channels prior …”

Public disincentives to discourage interested contributions S. 269-272

„… other new democracies political parties obtained money from abroad during the transition period. In …” „… banned. Parties in France, Spain and Israel may not accept money from foreign governments or institutions …” „… (except the European Parlia ment). However, virtually all parties in third wave democracies received ample …”

Means to increase the legitimacy of public subsidies S. 294-296

„… than their phrasing suggests) that parties can become dependent on the state budget?25 This certainly …” „… fundraising.Decades ago Pinto-Duschinsky correctly observed that if parties are “arti? cially protected from the need …” „… , which favour the parties and/or their candidates. The most important hazard inherent in this process …”

New technology S. 172-177

„… 1722. New technologyAmong political scientists, it is generally accepted that scienti? c and …” „… an explo sion in the costs of political campaigns.”75 Modern campaign technology is helping parties …” „… intensive than modern campaigning. Parties increasingly substitute those techniques, and “good campaign …”

Party spending S. 37-40

„… the funding of parties, candidates and election campaigns.”101 Nevertheless the funding of party …” „… towards “grassroots democracy” and equal opportunities of individual parties. Third, im pacts of funding …” „… completely new and the existing literature is full of partial answers, which belong to “a set of widely held …”

Income from foreign funds S. 272-274

„… individual supporters in the Jewish diaspora, …”190In other new democracies political parties obtained money …” „… balance sheet. Full disclosure always places an administrative burden on the parties, and occasionally …” „… collected cash in the diaspora and distributed it among the Zionist parties, supported parties according to …”

Assessment of party/ political officeholders (graft from public office) S. 284-288

„… citizenry behind a leader (caudillo), has not only left its mark on the operation of political parties, but …” „… . This creates serious obstacles to exercising any adequate control over the funding of political parties …” „… public of? ce)In the old days, under a spoils system, parties in power made public servants transfer part …”

Cornerstone of democracy or demand from never-land? S. 193-199

„… comparative analysis of 158 parties in 53 countries, Janda included information on the sources of party funds …” „… . Less than one third of the parties in the complete sample were operat ing in 14 established Western …” „… party enterprises.“6 Due to their fundraising strategies, many parties were linked closely to a speci? c …”

Offices (rent of premises etc.) S. 64-66

„… 64averages for individual parties are presented by party families. In general the data ? ts in with …” „… created a need for the services of experts to ensure compliance with new rules, which were previously …” „… unknown to parties.80 The most advanced political ? nance regimes stipulate that certi? ed accountants …”

Capital-intensive campaigning vs. labour-intensive party apparatus S. 132-135

„… , voting system, effective number of parties, one-party cabinets and interest group pluralism are …” „… democracies of the Anglo-Saxon orbit (Britain, Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand), where it is good …” „… parties in high level spenders must expend their funds on something else.Two aspects spring to attention …”

List of abbreviations S. 17-18

„… Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Stockholm (Sweden)IEP Irish puntILS (new) Israeli …” „… Germany)MP Member of ParliamentMXP Mexican pesoN.D.P. New Democratic Party (Canada)NLG Netherlands (Dutch …” „… ) guilder (D? ., n? .)NOK Norwegian kronerNZD New Zealand dollarÖVP Österreichische Volkspartei (Austria)PAC …”

Public funding in (comparative) perspective: parties and other organisations S. 332-334

„… ) perspective: parties and other organisations The amounts of public subsidies to political parties are very …” „… scholars start to criticise the amounts of public funds given to political parties they will have to …” „… , U.K, Italy, Japan and Sweden) is on ly 37 percent.198 Time and again a range of new services is …”

Groups of party activists S. 54-56

„… , too) are built into the formal structure of many parties. This pattern dominates in Canada, New …” „… funds within the two major parties in Germany does not support the hypothesis of a general trend towards …” „… centralisation of power and resources in modern political parties.29 Quite to the contrary, each party boasts a …”

Party penumbra (ancillary bodies and affiliated organisations) S. 56-58

„… (occasionally stu dents, too) are built into the formal structure of many parties. This pattern dominates in …” „… Canada, New Zealand and the U.K. as well as in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.44 Starting from a …” „… expenses.46In a much looser fashion, the two major parties in Germany (CDU, SPD) have copied this model of …”

Demarcation of the subject of this study: party funding S. 34-37

„… democracy. However, they cannot substitute political parties, which present candidates and mobilise voters …” „… ) also differs from that of parties. Because pressure groups do not strive for public of ? ce in an open …” „… parties and candidates. As a conse quence, numerous political committees have sprung up to collect …”

List of tables and graphs S. 15-16

„… systems (new parties since 1980) 350Graph 9-3: Composition of party systems (change of fragmentation) 355 …” „… percent of total expenses) 63Table 2-4: Costs of premises for parties in Europe (Britain and France …” „… major Canadian parties (in percent) 67Table 2-6: Costs of communication and publicity for parties in …”

Election campaigns (campaign spending) S. 73-79

„… 73that an important area of cost analysis has rarely been covered for political parties. Political …” „… object can be a product, a group of products or a service rendered. When applied to political parties …” „… cording to Paltiel, “parties require funds for three purposes: to ? ght election campaigns, to maintain a …”

Unlimited sources of funding S. 141-146

„… , Switzerland and the U.K. Parties practise internal contests only (nomination, leadership), which cause some …” „… decision-makers. Because many of these are politicians, a new connection between parts of the general public and …” „… . Unlimited sources of fundingParties, which look for additional funding, will turn to sources of income that …”

Policy development (research and training) S. 84-86

„… for public subsidies. Dutch parties have traditionally made transfer payments to af? liated …” „… heavily subsidised “party academies” serve as training systems for the parties represented in the national …” „… needs time and funds to prepare new concepts. If the party 159 Paltiel 1987, p. 455 and Paltiel 1988b, p …”

Stages of political and economic development S. 121-124

„… , Costa Rica, Finland, India, New Zealand, Norway, Uruguay see note 1 in chapter III above.3 Actually the …” „… local political clubs and charities.” Development of cohesive parties, which began in the late …” „… . Reformulated the theory would read: Old democracies are less expensive than new democracies because they have …”

General grants S. 302-303

„… a demarcation line between on-going activities and campaigns cannot be drawn, and Ger man parties …” „… , India, New Zealand, Switzerland and the U.S.67Policy analysis in other ? elds of public policy …” „… wealth of experience in roughly ? ve decades. Although parties may tailor subsidy pro grammes to suit …”

External influences (electorate and inflation) S. 155-162

„… / Lisowski 2001, pp. 54, 57; Katz 1996, pp. 129/130; Neill report 1998, p. 43.4 E.g. in New Zealand (Wilson …” „… effort is: Does an escalating use of paid media advertising or the recurrent implementation of new …” „… speci? cally political factors such as paid TV advertis ing, use of new technology and professional …”

Spending/ expenses S. 393

„… complexity by describing types. Four types represent the universe of political parties operating in …” „… emergence of new ones in the future?However, before we turn to this question that re-connects the sub-? elds …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845216515

Marc Debus - Pre-Electoral Alliances, Coalition Rejections, and Multiparty Governments

No access

Select

Marc Debus

Pre-Electoral Alliances, Coalition Rejections, and Multiparty Governments

2007

Results in this title

Parties from the “old” and “new left” S. 157-158

„… 157 4.2.5 Parties from the “old” and “new left” Not very surprisingly, the left-wing parties …” „… policy positions (left) and saliencies (right) of parties from the old or new left, 1979-2006 Like in …” „… (left) and saliencies (right) of parties from the old or new left, 1979-2006 4.2.6 Right-wing populist …”

Bringing office-, policy- and (semi-)institutional perspectives together: an extended model of coalition politics S. 118-131

„… peripheral parties a stronger position, so that one would expect the position of the new status quo to drift …” „… the example above, parties D and E should change their position to the extent that their new location …” „… favouredCDU-Greens-FDP protocoalition;not considered by all three partiesSPD, 29CDU, 30Greens, 4FDP, 4SSW, 2Coalition …”

References S. 207-228

„… , Lieven; Türsan, Huri (eds.): Regionalist Parties in Western Europe. London, New York: Routledge, 51-69 …” „… .): Political Parties and Electoral Change: Party Responses to Electoral Markets. London, Thousand Oaks, New …” „… ; Türsan, Huri (eds.): Regionalist Parties in Western Europe. London, New York: Routledge, 28-50. De Winter …”

Historical development and cultural constraints on Dutch coalition politics S. 61-71

„… : 54). The most successful of these new left-wing parties was the progressive PPR, which was – due to …” „… process between the parties began and new parties were also formed on the right spectrum of Dutch party …” „… dissenters from the VVD. New parties also formed during the 1990s on the left spectrum. The most prominent …”

Research questions, theoretical framework and results of the study S. 15-19

„… Christian Social Union (CSU), and the FDP, happened without any election held before. Within this new …” „… sacrifice it in the first cabinet of new chancellor Helmut Kohl (CDU). The last mentioned portfolio was now …” „… belonged to the left-libertarian wing of the FDP, was rejected as the new minister of justice by CDU and …”

Historical development and cultural constraints on Belgian coalition politics S. 75-85

„… three new parties were seen as anti-system parties due to their explicit federal position and thus not …” „… did not lead to the establishing of new parties, but instead strengthened the separatist-nationalist …” „… opposition between materialist and postmaterialist values since the 1970s triggered foundation of new parties …”

Historical development and cultural constraints on German coalition politics S. 39-47

„… , Conservatives and moderate Nationalists could find a political home in the new parties CDU and CSU (Haungs, 1990 …” „… the PDS to become the “Linkspartei.PDS”. All other parties also rejected this new party alliance as a …” „… described in the next section, in Germany coalitions between both large parties CDU/CSU and SPD are the …”

Green parties S. 155-157

„… (Austria) Agalev Ecolo Greens (Germany)Greens (Ireland)GL157 4.2.5 Parties from the “old” and “new left …” „… parties from the old or new left, 1979-2006 Like in the case of social democratic parties, one would …” „… 155 4.2.4 Green parties The economic policy position of the Green parties covered here is mainly …”

Historical development and cultural constraints on Irish coalition politics S. 25-36

„… as well as new parties emerging in the 1980s – the Workers Party (WP), the Progressive Democrats (PD …” „… competition. In addition to the description of conflict dimensions, the focus will be on the parties that were …” „… following questions. First, which parties are a priori excluded from the coalition game and for what reasons …”

Historical development and cultural constraints on Austrian coalition politics S. 52-58

„… the introduction of a new electoral system, which does not discriminate smaller parties (Müller, 2003 …” „… priori preferences and rejections by the political parties. 2.3 Austria: the dominance of the grand …” „… parties, i.e. the Socialists (SPÖ; since 1991: Social Democrats) and the catholic-conservative Austrian …”

Coalition formation, assertiveness and tactical programmatic positioning as patterns of coalition politics S. 90-94

„… programmatic positioning of political parties? 3.1 Coalition formation, assertiveness and tactical programmatic …” „… there show that not only policy preferences and strength of political parties determine patterns of …” „… varies between the ideological preferences of the participating parties. Furthermore, it becomes evident …”

Institutional constraints on party competition and coalition politics in Germany S. 47-52

„… only changes in the social structure and the dominating conflict lines open the door for new parties …” „… far, three points must be remembered. First, coalitions between both large parties are possible, but …” „… outcome with the weakness of both CDU/CSU and SPD and the strength of Liberals, the new left-wing party …”

Social democratic and moderate socialist parties S. 147-150

„… , political groups from the “old” and “new left” as well as right-wing populist parties. To clarify that these …” „… possibility that the same parties are not always extreme in various policy areas. With regard to the time …” „… well as the emergence of new words over time. Consider for example the word “globalisation”, which has …”

Institutional constraints on Austrian party competition and coalition politics S. 58-61

„… the introduction of a new electoral system, which does not discriminate smaller parties (Müller, 2003 …” „… , but those three parties never reached a majority in the parliament. 2.3.2 Institutional constraints on …” „… situation in the parliament and the results from the negotiations between the parties, so that the …”

Theories of coalition formation and the pay-off structure in coalition governments S. 94-98

„… parties tried to build a new government. By losing the majority of seats after the 2005 election, they did …” „… coalition formation, the assertion potential of coalition parties and, in a third step, for their …” „… assumption of the first one is that actors, political parties in the context here, try to maximize their …”

Wordscore – combining expert judgements with computer-aided content analysis S. 141-147

„… , political groups from the “old” and “new left” as well as right-wing populist parties. To clarify that these …” „… required assumption by using wordscore is that political parties do not use words randomly. Moreover, when …” „… writing election manifestos parties include “ideological signals” (Pappi and Shikano, 2004) by mentioning …”

Institutional constraints on Dutch party competition and coalition politics S. 71-75

„… beside the number of seats in the parliament increases the chances of new parties to win seats in the …” „… becomes clear that not all parties have the same chance of becoming a member of a government coalition …” „… clear definition of system-immanent and anti-system parties. During the process of depillarisation since …”

Expert surveys S. 134-136

„… concerns the assumption that the respondents’ mean positions reflect the parties “true” ideological …” „… position. It could be the case that the respondents’ perception of the respective parties’ position is …” „… correct. However, the possibility also exists that political parties in some policy-areas of minor …”

Liberal parties S. 153-155

„… 153 4.2.3 Liberal parties The third main group of political parties in the countries under …” „… when looking at the programmatic positions of liberal parties in the country sample used here. As seen …” „… in figure 4.6, except for the Dutch D66 and the Austrian Liberal Forum all other liberal parties take …”

Right-wing populist parties S. 158-161

„… parties from the old or new left, 1979-2006 4.2.6 Right-wing populist parties Despite often being …” „… 158 however, only to a lower degree for both Irish left-wing parties, which take more moderate …” „… only for the three Dutch left-wing parties in the 1980s as well as for the Irish WP. All the other …”

Incentives for future research S. 203-206

„… favour Not in favour H1 (coalition formation) ? H2a (policy assertion strength of pivotal parties …” „… ) ? H2b (small party bias) ? H2c (monitoring potential of pivotal parties) ? H3a (programmatic …” „… moves of peripheral parties) ? H3b (programmatic behaviour inside pre-electoral alliances) ? However …”

Comparative perspective and open questions S. 89

„… patterns of party competition and coalition politics also changed due to social change. New parties like …” „… and Rokkan (1967) cleavage approach. Furthermore, the programmatic positions of the political parties …” „… parties’ programmatic positions another factor also seems to be important. This is the preference or …”

Which parties are pivotal? S. 181-185

„… of the last mentioned document to measure the policy assertion strength of political parties. Before …” „… turning to that aspect, I shall name the parties that should play a key role and hence should have the …” „… strongest policy enforcement potential in the coalition game. 5.3 Which parties are pivotal? The …”

Institutional constraints on Belgian party competition and coalition politics S. 85-89

„… change. New parties like ecological or ethnic-linguistic ones or single-issue parties like the Dutch LPF …” „… coalition between only or predominantly francophone or Flemish parties has to be excluded from the set of …” „… 1995, the parties on the federal level had to recognize the government composition in the Flemish …”

Multidimensional models of party competition and coalition formation S. 98-104

„… 98 Figure 3.3: Economic policy positions on a left-right scale of Schleswig-Holstein state parties …” „… the wordscore method (Laver, Benoit and Garry, 2003); reference texts: manifestos of German parties …” „… area-specific positions of political parties have a decisive influence. For this reason, one can say that the …”

The behaviouralist perspective S. 112-118

„… party’s assertion potential. If the coalition agreement negotiated between the parties marks their …” „… the involved parties is known, then it should be possible to measure which coalition party was in a …” „… system. Therefore, I will outline the effects of the existence of pivotal parties on the one hand and …”

Institutional constraints on Irish party competition and coalition politics S. 36-39

„… 36 opposition parties, mainly FG and Labour, began to prepare a common strategy already in 2005 …” „… exists. This is the electoral system, which sets incentives for parties to build something like …” „… strengthen socialist or social democratic parties. What does this imply for coalition politics in Ireland …”

Vorwort S. 5-10

„… Green parties 155 4.2.5 Parties from the “old” and “new left” 157 4.2.6 Right-wing populist parties 158 …” „… positioning of political parties? 90 3.1 Coalition formation …” „… parties 148 4.2.2 Christian democratic and Christian social parties 150 94.2.3 Liberal parties 153 4.2.4 …”

Case selection S. 19-21

„… parties in Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. They identify a Mediterranean …” „… programmatic movements of political parties are analysed for each election in the time period between 1979 and …” „… between at least two parties during the respective timeframe under consideration here. One could argue …”

Coalition formation S. 162-177

„… 162 5 Analysis Having shown the descriptive results on programmatic positions of political parties …” „… the definition of pivotal parties, the analysis of policy and office assertiveness as well as the …” „… programmatic positioning of political parties, I shall apply the data to analyse patterns of coalition …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203898

Martin Rachuj - The Impact of Strategies on the Vote Share of New Parties

Access

Select

Martin Rachuj

The Impact of Strategies on the Vote Share of New Parties

Series: Comparative Politics - Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft

Volume 13 2023

Results in this title

Explanations of Success and Failure of New Parties - Research Review S. 27-50

„… 2 Explanations of Success and Failure of New PartiesResearch ReviewI begin my literature discussion …” „… parties.The discussion shows that the explanation of new party success focusesmostly on sociological and …” „… type new parties.Of course, Downs also admits that every party needs votes to survive andthat hardly …”

The Influence of Strategies on the Vote Share of New Parties - Results S. 143-162

„… 6 The Influence of Strategies on the Vote Share of New PartiesResultsIn this project, I present the …” „… ChoicesTable 6.1: Multilevel Regression Models for the Vote Share of New PartiesBase Nicheness Proximity …” „… Models for the Vote Share of New PartiesIn order to capture the influence of the new party’s nicheness, I …”

The Impact of Strategies - Theory and Hypotheses S. 51-66

„… established competitors in theparty system. This is appropriate since not all new parties are niche partiesin …” „… Vote Share of New PartiesIn principle, this model explains the influence of positional and issue …” „… competition between new and established parties.In this particular case, the existing equilibrium in the party …”

The New Party Phenomenon - Introduction S. 13-26

„… in this project from nicheparties and apply it to the broader category of new parties.So far, the …” „… - Introduction03691960 1980 2000 2020YearsCount of New PartiesFigure 1.1: Number of New Parties in Parliament in …” „… new parties.I will go into the details of the measurements and the analysis in thefollowing chapters …”

Modeling the New Party Vote - Data, Descriptive Statistics, and Method S. 99-142

„… vulnerability of new partiesto strategies of established parties.In order to measure the degree of nicheness of …” „… 02550751000 10 20 30 40Vote Shares of New PartiesCountdashed line = meanFigure 5.1: Distribution of Vote …” „… Shares of New PartiesLet us look at the distribution of the election results of new parties bycountries …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… NomosThe Impact of Strategies on the Vote Share of New PartiesComparative Politics – Vergleichende …” „… Impact of Strategies on the Vote Share of New PartiesMartin Rachuj225 pp.Includes bibliographic …” „… Scores for New Partiesby Party Families 1275.4 Vote Shares of New Parties by Party Family 1316.1 …”

Bibliography S. 209-224

„… Analysis, 26(04):417–430.Deschouwer, K., editor (2008). New parties in government: In power for thefirst …” „… .Duverger, M. (1954). Political parties: Their organization and activity inthe modern state. Wiley, New …” „… Analysis, 27(2):163–192.Harmel, R. (1985). On the study of new parties. International PoliticalScience …”

Appendix S. 167-208

„… CompetitionTable 8.2: Multilevel Regression Models for the Vote Share of New PartiesBase Nicheness Proximity …” „… : Corpus Data Availability on Party Level1848.2 New Parties in the Sample51951: NA51903: Democratic …” „… : Corpus Data Availability on Party Level8.2 New Parties in the SampleThe table below lists all the new …”

Conclusion S. 163-166

„… revising the theory developed here. Underlyingthis work is the idea that new parties pose a problem to …” „… adoptionof positions should reduce the electoral success of new parties because1637 Conclusionvoters now get …” „… the new party’s issues will harm the new party ifboth parties belong to the same ideological bloc …”

„… . This is necessary because there is a particularintersection between new and niche parties.The cosine …” „… caninfluence the electoral success of new parties by making strategic changes totheir election programs. Such …” „… analysis,to identify changes in the parties’ positions in the left-right dimension.The use of a new method …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748938958

1

2 3 ... 1998