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Jeanette Stohr - Evolution of Technological Profiles in the European Life Sciences Industry

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Jeanette Stohr

Evolution of Technological Profiles in the European Life Sciences Industry

Series: Karlsruher Beiträge zur wirtschaftspolitischen Forschung - Karlsruhe Papers in Economic Policy Research

Volume 33 2013

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National systems of innovation S. 40-43

„… of Innovation (NIS) approach.6 List’s (1841) concept of ‘The National System of Political Economy …” „… , a general definition of the NIS does not exist. The main ideas of the national innovation system …” „… institutions – either regional, national or international.’ (OECD, 1997, p. 12) The systems of innovation …”

Combining the multi-level framework and the systems of innovation approach S. 50-55

„… refer to the national innovation system. The national technological trajectories can be seen as external …” „… ‘supra-national innovation system’ or ‘National Supersystem of Innovation (NSSI)’. For an overview of this topic …” „… technological profiles. Thesis 2a: The national innovation system has an impact on the evolution of the …”

Sectoral and technological systems of innovation S. 43-46

„… . 271). Compared to the national innovation system approach, the concept of technological systems is …” „… approach: While the technological system focuses on one specific technology, the national innovation system …” „… industries, the national system of innovation influences the innovation process (Archibugi/Michie, 1997, p …”

Summary and conclusions S. 169-178

„… interactions which take place between several innovation systems. For instance, the national innovation system …” „… : national,supra-nationalglobal environmentLandscapeTechnological innovation system (TIS)BiotechnologyNiche1Niche2Niche3 …” „… respective innovation system itself (or the interaction with the national government), but also the …”

Comparison of the innovation system approaches S. 46-48

„… structure of industries, the national system of innovation influences the innovation process …” „… 46 II.3.3 Comparison of the innovation system approaches During the last two decades the systems …” „… innovation process. National systems of innovation are an important framework for technology policy. However …”

Systems of innovation S. 26-27

„… defined. The national system of innovation (NIS) concept going back to List (1841) builds the origin of …” „… portfolios of companies. This means that firms’ technological decisions are driven by the national innovation …” „… institutes and universities. They define the system of innovation ‘[…] as a set of actors or entities such …”

References S. 179-188

„… ‘National System of Innovation’ in historical perspective, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19 (1), pp. 5-24 …” „… or national systems of innovation?, Futures, 29 (2), pp. 121-137 Archibugi, D., Howells, J., Michie …” „… , F. (2009): The interactions between national systems and sectoral patterns of innovation: A …”

Phenomenon of technological diversification S. 23-26

„… innovation approach different innovation systems with varying borders have been defined. The national system …” „… trajectories are affected by a great variety of factors related to the national system of innovation, such as …” „… means that firms’ technological decisions are driven by the national innovation system of their home …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… system approach 40 II.3.1 National systems of innovation 41 II.3.2 Sectoral and technological systems …” „… Systems of innovation 26 I.3 Objective of the thesis 27 Chapter II Tracing national technological …” „… System Dynamics and Innovation and for supporting my research project. My special thanks go to Prof. Dr …”

Abbreviations S. 19-20

„… Multi-Technology Corporation NBF New Biotechnology Firm NCEs New Chemical Entities NIS National Innovation Systems …” „… SI System of Innovation SIS Sectoral Innovation Systems SPSS Statistical Program for Social Sciences …” „… SSI Sectoral Systems of Innovation ST Socio-technical 20 TIS Technological Innovation System TS …”

Research theses S. 55-56

„… technological profiles. Thesis 2a: The national innovation system has an impact on the evolution of the …” „… profiles of these companies are shaped by national, sectoral and technological innovation systems …” „… used as proxy for technological innovation. Furthermore, a technological classification system that …”

Objective of the thesis S. 27-30

„… system are determined by the specific technological knowledge involved in the innovation processes of the …” „… diversification patterns of companies with the technological, sectoral and national innovation processes. Recent …” „… aims to answer this question by analysing the impact of technological, sectoral and national innovation …”

Dynamics of innovation systems: The multi-level perspective S. 48-50

„… the innovation system approaches do neglect the interactions between the various innovation systems …” „… approach (especially sectoral and technological innovation systems) and the socio-technical system are …” „… , the comparison shows that the Sectoral Innovation System (SIS) and the Technological System (TS) have …”

Indicators of technological innovation S. 56-61

„… innovation. Furthermore, a technological classification system that enables the allocation of technological …” „… , different innovation systems may have an influence on the development of the corporate technological …” „… national environment. By turning the focus on the firm level Thesis 2b assumes that large MTCs span …”

Database and sample S. 63-67

„… (McKelvey/Orsenigo/Pammolli, 2004, p. 90 f.; Schweizer, 2002, p. 43). 66 of technological, sectoral and national innovation …” „… 63 II.6 National technological trajectories in the life sciences ‘Life sciences encompass different …” „… changes due to the evolution of biotechnology. Innovation economists describe biotechnology as one of the …”

Concluding remarks to Chapter IV S. 166-168

„… the sectoral innovation system. In Italy and the Netherlands a different development pattern can be …” „… influence of sectoral innovation processes on the technological scope of life sciences companies. Table 19 …” „… investigation of the factors shaping the diversification patterns of firms. The results show that the national …”

Technological change as a path dependent process S. 38-40

„… ff.). II.3 Multi-dimensionality of innovative activities and the innovation system approach …” „… Innovative activities can nowadays be characterised as a multi-national, multitechnological and …” „… multi-sectoral process. The multi-national dimension refers to the following fact: Large corporations span their …”

Technology – a conceptualisation S. 31-33

„… systems of innovation approach serves as a ‘toolkit’ to describe the different factors affecting the …” „… 31 Chapter II Tracing national technological trajectories In this chapter the evolution of the …” „… national technological trajectories in the life sciences industry is investigated. The theoretical …”

Similarity/distance measures S. 141-143

„… technological classes. Based on the insights from the systems of innovation approach, Thesis 2b argues that R&D …” „… intensive companies are embedded in different innovation systems. They span their technological activities …” „… 141 Chapter IV Linking national technological trajectories and technological …”

Concluding remarks to Chapter III S. 136-140

„… Biotechnology has been shown. These findings indicate the impact of different innovation systems on the …” „… national technological trajectories in the life sciences industry. …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251356

Thomas Stehnken - The Politics of Interaction in Innovation Systems

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Thomas Stehnken

The Politics of Interaction in Innovation Systems

Series: Studien zu Lateinamerika

Volume 5 2010

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National and regional innovation systems S. 73-75

„… , but moreover the overall research direction. 4.4.1 National and regional innovation systems The …” „… regions. This section serves to gain insights in the national and regional innovation systems. The …” „… proper ways of national politics to support the innovation process. As has been outlined extensively, the …”

The research design S. 21-28

„… national innovation system. Especially in federal systems such as Brazil with formal multilevel governance …” „… embedded in the national innovation system and that consequently shapes the scope of innovation policy …” „… analyze specific national systems of innovation. Later scholars came up with concepts such as regional …”

Case selection S. 28-32

„… embedded in the national innovation system and that consequently shapes the scope of innovation policy …” „… and the national innovation policy was apparently considered resistant against the influence of …” „… system consists of three levels of government: the national level (federal government), the state level …”

State of the literature S. 32-38

„… Brazilian innovation system that focus explicitly on governance in multi-level systems. There is no …” „… term “Innovation System” one gets more than 300,000 hits.11 Google Scholar renders fewer results but …” „… common language. Ever since Christopher Freeman coined the term innovation system in 1982, scholars from …”

Political factors why the innovative capabilities are so low S. 215-223

„… this thesis presented some theoretical insights of national and regional innovation systems and it was …” „… interest were the possibilities of the national level to influence the innovation process (top-down) and …” „… simultaneous importance of the national and regional level for the innovation process, I tried to gain insight …”

The Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation 2007–2010 (PACTI) S. 116-124

„… consolidation of the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation; human resources for ST&I and …” „… national innovation system that have been outlined in previous chapters, the actual concrete goals of PACTI …” „… actions to support their ST&I systems and to promote the integration of those in the national system …”

The national dimension of innovation S. 49-53

„… 49 3. The Interplay of National and Regional Innovation Systems National and Regional Innovation …” „… , state boundaries can be treated as the systems’ boundaries. A regional innovation system “can be thought …” „… approaches. 3.1 The national dimension of innovation Because of higher mobility and all embracing …”

Innovation, innovation capacity and the knowledge economy S. 39-42

„… national and regional IS approaches. 2.1 Innovation, innovation capacity and the knowledge economy Due to …” „… create the environment for innovation in a particular location or nation. National innovative capacity …” „… conference in Helsinki to a group of 20 social scientists that had never really heard of innovation systems …”

Bibliography S. 235-250

„… , Horst 2004: Recent trends in the research of national innovation systems. In: Journal of Evolutionary …” „… in the learning society. In: Lundvall, Bengt-Åke (Ed.): National Systems of innovation: Towards a …” „… . de la Mothe, John; Paquet, Gilles 2000: National Innovations Systems and Instituted Processes. In …”

The weakness of the NIS and the end of import substitution industrialization S. 94-97

„… continued to be in the center of the current Brazilian innovation system. The foundation of CNPq marked the …” „… these circumstances, the learning processes that are distinctive of a well-functioning innovation system …” „… institutes for help if they were in need of specific technologies. In this period, the innovation system was …”

Technology policy during military rule from 1964 until 1985 S. 91-94

„… Brazilian innovation system will be presented in order to understand the specific path of development.40 6.1 …” „… Technology policy during military rule from 1964 until 1985 The current Brazilian Innovation System was …” „… top-down decision-making and elements of what really makes an innovation system could only be perceived by …”

Outlook and suggestions to meet the policy challenges S. 225-230

„… political turmoil and the state of ES with SMEs embracing innovation. 226 In the light of the national …” „… politicians emphasize the need to articulate a national system of ST&I, the instruments that steer the system …” „… guarantee an ef- 123 “Although the recognition of the systemic nature of the innovation process has led to …”

Brazilian firms and the new Industrial, Technological and Foreign Trade Policy (PITCE) S. 140-148

„… described in detail. The private sector “There is no such thing as an innovation system without …” „… entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are essential for a well functioning innovation system.” (Hekkert et al. 2007: 421 …” „… respect is the bi-annual Survey of Technological Innovation (Pesquisa da Inovação Tecnológica, PINTEC …”

Multi-level governance and the arenas of negotiation S. 75-78

„… regions. This section serves to gain insights in the national and regional innovation systems. The …” „… innovation system has what means of power. The policy network approach basically sums up many of the …” „… one it is vital to acknowledge that innovation systems in the “South” look different than in the …”

The regional dimension of innovation S. 53-58

„… ’ boundaries. A regional innovation system “can be thought of as the institutional infrastructure supporting …” „… national and international innovation networks such as Baden-Württemberg (Germany) or the Rhône-Alpes …” „… innovation in a more ‘co-determined’ model of policy formulation. Regions are participants in national policy …”

The higher education sector and the scientific community S. 135-140

„… regarded as important components of any innovation system (Mowery & Sampat Bhaven N. 2006). As has been …” „… scientific communities’ attitudes in the whole innovation system, the scientific community has considerable …” „… (PITCE), is described in detail. The private sector “There is no such thing as an innovation system …”

The devolution of ST&I policies S. 151-161

„… extensive review of national institutions to support the innovation process, some important aspects of the …” „… acknowledged by policy-makers on either level of the federal system that innovation is not the result of a …” „… though the policy made emphasis in the necessity to articulate a national system of science, technology …”

Assessing the ES case S. 197-199

„… their view, the linear view of innovation prevails. Even though they are rhetorical frontrunners of …” „… logic by which the capixaba system works. Instead of seeking complementary approaches, conflicts remain …” „… entry in the knowledge economy. 9.1.4 Assessing the ES case The capixaba system is not very complex …”

Structural features of innovation systems in the South S. 79-84

„… .). 83 Table 6: National Innovation Systems in the North and in the South In the North In the South It …” „… functioning innovation system have been portrayed to jointly act as a powerful engine of growth (Cimoli & de …” „… well as the respective innovation system work differently compared to those in the north. In many cases …”

Innovation systems S. 42-45

„… among the innovation system’s components and the resulting learning effects are at the heart of the IS …” „… technological or organizational. System of Innovation: the determinants of innovation processes = all important …” „… as well as it emphasizes the need for political entities across the innovation system to articulate …”

Export orientation and the resulting challenges S. 86-90

„… national innovation systems. This institutional co-evolution “[…] would transform the various vicious …” „… systems of innovation which over time present certain invariant characteristics which account for their …” „… 86 institutions and organizations, and their modes of interaction, determines specific national …”

Interaction and networks S. 45-46

„… . Interaction among the innovation system’s components and the resulting learning effects are at the heart of …” „… knowledge as well as it emphasizes the need for political entities across the innovation system to …” „… ways: First, in the context of innovation systems it refers to the transfer of technological or …”

Assessing the gaúcho case S. 210-212

„… Innovation System of Rio Grande do Sul seems to be a type 2 region (see chap 3.2). Regional ST&I policies are …” „… good example. In the light of systemic innovation theory and network approaches to innovation, the …” „… later be joint in a larger framework. In the case of Agenda2020, innovation and technology are …”

The limited interest of ST&I in Congress S. 171-174

„… government, the past few years have shown an impressive increase in national ST&I legislation. The general …” „… Innovation Law was the result of a year long struggle and intensive debate, especially between the ministry …” „… that can not be easily altered, as they have some sort of national strategic purpose, such as health or …”

The role of regional politics S. 190-197

„… favored by national legislation. Ultimately, these universities (and UFES serves as a good example) can …” „… relevant actor or a viable agent for innovation so far (Stehnken 11.04.2008b). All in all, interaction …” „… means a guarantee for a long-term growth pattern based on innovation. 92 Fundo Municipal de Ciência e …”

The “Lei do Bem” and the “Lei de Inovação” S. 131-135

„… regarded as important components of any innovation system (Mowery & Sampat Bhaven N. 2006). As has been …” „… which was an important signal for subnational units to organize their respective innovation systems to …” „… decision-making during the ISI period, but given the different capacities of the respective FSs and the system …”

The balance of centralization and decentralization S. 59-65

„… presenting the importance of the national and regional level for the innovation process, I will now reflect …” „… political system. Certain governance structures on the national and subnational levels can either mutually …” „… further try to exercise control over sub-national developments. In political systems in which the states …”

The Sectoral Funds for S&T (Fundos Setoriais para Ciência e Tecnologia) S. 128-131

„… devastating effect of the country’s innovation system (i.e. Cassiolato et al. 2003). Each FS has a different …” „… innovation systems to get their share of the cake (Stehnken 17.03.2008a). The rising amounts have yet to have …” „… spent in the program “Pró-Inovação” that is aimed at financing expenditure for innovation in medium and …”

The National Council of State Secretaries for Science and Technology (CONSECTI) S. 174-177

„… systemic action, the Forum became formalized on the national level and changed its name to Conselho …” „… simples”77 (2008: 505). 8.3 The National Council of State Secretaries for Science and Technology …” „… arena of negotiation. The CONSECTI is the follow-up institutions of the National Forum of Secretaries …”

Specific aspects of federalism regarding ST&I policies S. 65-67

„… federal system takes place between at least two levels of government.30 However, because of shared …” „… national party leaders find it easier to cooperate or to influence party members on the lower levels. If …” „… needs of the constituents or to guarantee participation in the political system. Instead it was used to …”

The process of finding the right balance between centralization and decentralization of policy-making competencies S. 161-168

„… . 8.1.2.1 The limited power of subnational entities in national politics It has been noted that …” „… , theoretically speaking, federalism increases the veto points in a political system for which subnational actors …” „… special case: One might well argue that subnational interests heavily influence national politics and that …”

List of Acronyms S. 15-18

„… (Ministry of Planning) MS Ministério da Saúde (Ministry of Health) NIS National Innovation System PAC …” „… Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Institute for Applied Economic Research) IS Innovation System ISI …” „… Research and Development RIS Regional Innovation System RO Research Organization SEBRAE Serviço …”

Multi-level Governance Type II: Devolution of ST&I policies S. 67-69

„… national as well as the regional level have their specific importance for the innovation process. Thus the …” „… policies before the national system shows any sign of change. Policies are thus not the result of a single …” „… . The characteristics of successful RIS under the same national system will exemplify certain …”

The role of the Industrial Federation FIERGS S. 203-205

„… ) trying to de-concentrate innovation support but, on the other hand, national institutions make themselves …” „… very powerful actor in regional innovation system of RS. It plays an active role in lobbying and …” „… FIERGS system tried to lobby for a gaúcho innovation law that goes beyond federal guidelines as presented …”

The current structure of the policy network S. 179-183

„… be distributed throughout the innovation system. Due to the increasing awareness of the importance of …” „… necessity to undertake innovations or was discouraged to do so because of high economic risks. Instead, it …” „… number of ministries involved increased significantly since innovation became a cross-cutting and all …”

The structure prior to the PACTI 2007-2010 S. 177-179

„… National System of Scietific and Technological Development (SNDCT), the path was set for a centralization …” „… instruments follow a rather linear logic of the innovation process. The current vision of national ST&I …” „… competitiveness and innovation became omnipresent during the Lula administration, mainly after the implementation …”

Regional development during the ISI period S. 97-99

„… 97 Brazilian innovation system, not only because of its massive investments in the economy …” „… also because it created central institutions, such as National Council of Technological and Scientific …” „… difficult to consider this setup an actual system. 6.3 Regional development during the ISI period …”

The impact of the national level and the important role of universities in RS S. 199-203

„… de-concentrate innovation support but, on the other hand, national institutions make themselves indispensable …” „… very powerful actor in regional innovation system of RS. It plays an active role in lobbying and …” „… situation is slowly getting better and more and more companies start to see innovation as something valuable …”

Some general features of congressional politics S. 168-171

„… required to pay for costs that arise when supporting the innovation process on the subnational level. In …” „… resources and are heavily dependent on fiscal transfers from the national level, they will design programs …” „… , policy-making involves a strong national executive bias. The president and the executive enjoy considerable …”

Results from the case studies S. 212-214

„… economy. It was argued that RS can better exploit national ST&I policies than ES. ES on the other hand has …” „… activities in this field. Today, the state can be regarded as passive. Since the state is favored by national …” „… innovation process as linear. The two RIS cases treated here well reflect the limited possibilities and …”

Regional development and federalism in the 90s S. 103-105

„… Brazilian innovation system but it seems useful to give at least a small collection of indicators in order …” „… and the resources necessary for technological change and supporting the country’s innovation capacity …” „… situation of national integration (the Constitution of the New Republic has just been implemented), regional …”

Where Brazil currently stands: Some facts and figures S. 105-112

„… intend to give an output oriented analysis of the Brazilian innovation system but it seems useful to give …” „… overview about the challenges for the Brazilian administrations on a national and subnational level to …” „… national institutions and organizations. A second step brings us closer to the multi-level governance of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… distinctiveness of the policy field 46 3. The Interplay of National and Regional Innovation Systems 49 3.1 The …” „… national dimension of innovation 49 3.2 The regional dimension of innovation 53 4. The politics between …” „… Innovation systems 42 2.3 Interaction and networks 45 2.4 Science, Technology & Innovation policy - The …”

Endogenous potential and impact of the national level S. 184-188

„… 184 9. Evidence of two regional innovation systems In this chapter, I will present the announced …” „… , to identify the endogenous potential of each region and analyze whether national incentives spur …” „… promoting technological change. Additionally the relationship with the national level will be assessed. 9.1 …”

Concrete measures to support interaction on the subnational level S. 148-150

„… chances for success when they state that “[i]n Brazil, the articulation between S&T policies and national …” „… programs and ultimately the vast majority of funds which leads to an accentuated position of the national …” „… level in the innovation process. However, in recent years, the MCT has actively tried to establish a …”

The technological gap between developing and industrialized countries S. 84-86

„… national systems of innovation which over time present certain invariant characteristics which account for …” „… social and innovation policies requires the re-evaluation of development goals and strategic changes are …” „… will be done and if it is going to happen. Political will of national and regional politicians has …”

The role of UFES in the RIS S. 188-190

„… among SMEs to pursue innovations tends to be weak to nonexistent. Help from supporting organizations did …” „… are only a few relevant cases of economic sectors that value innovation and are interested in that …” „… process from production to export) and fruit sector seem interested in innovation (Stehnken 03.04.2008 …”

Structural adjustment and the need for competitiveness S. 99-103

„… that the regional innovation systems suffered severely during the structural adjustmenst of the 1990s …” „… targets of government intervention and were considered to play a vital role in national as well as …” „… . Brazilian companies, however, did not enter the international innovation competition, but instead focused on …”

List of Tables S. 11-12

„… : Comparison between central und peripheral economies 80 Table 6: National Innovation Systems in the North and …” „… and number of supported companies during 2005/2007 127 Table 10: Innovation rate of Brazilian …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845224169

Deutschen Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Internationale Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) - Entidades Fiscalizadoras Superiores

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Deutschen Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (ed.), Internationale Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) (ed.)

Entidades Fiscalizadoras Superiores

2013

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Lista de autores S. 12-34

„… . 14 Dr. Carlos Santiso bla3 Dr Carlos Santiso A national of France and Spain, Dr Carlos Santiso …” „… Kennedy School of Government, the French National School of Administration, and the United Kingdom …” „… National School of Government. He has written extensively on democracy, governance and aid, including a …”

Clay G. Wescott Soporte del Banco Mundial para la Fiscalización Superior y otras Entidades a Cargo de la Rendición de Cuentas S. 193-223

„… DfID practice paper. http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/innovations-in-accountability/IA4.pdf. Department …” „… . http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PUBLICSECTORANDGOVERNANCE/Resources/ AccountabilityGovernance.pdf. UK National Audit Office (2007). Draft Building Capacity in SAIs: A …” „… . Department for International Development (DFID) (2004). Characteristics of Different External Audit Systems …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251868

Luca De Lucia, Ferdinand Wollenschläger - Sfide e innovazioni nel diritto pubblico | Herausforderungen und Innovationen im Öffentlichen Recht

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Luca De Lucia (ed.), Ferdinand Wollenschläger (ed.)

Sfide e innovazioni nel diritto pubblico | Herausforderungen und Innovationen im Öffentlichen Recht

2019

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Elena Buoso SFIDE E INNOVAZIONI DEL PROCEDIMENTO AMMINISTRATIVO IN ITALIA S. 63-84

„… one hand many of these innovations are specifically linked to the Italian legal system, there is …” „… B. SFIDE E INNOVAZIONI DEL PROCEDIMENTO AMMINISTRATIVO HERAUSFORDERUNGEN UND INNOVATIONEN IM …” „… and its discipline has therefore been the scene of innovations in the name of simplification for many …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748906650

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Robert Kaiser

Innovationspolitik

Series: Münchner Beiträge zur politischen Systemforschung

Volume 1 2008

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 267-288

„… System. In: Nelson, Richard R. (Hrsg.): National Innovation Systems. A Comparative Analysis. Oxford …” „… Capital 4. 275-287. Freeman, Christopher, 1988: Japan: A New National System of Innovation. In: Dosi …” „… Theory. London/New York: Pinter. 330-348. Freeman, Christopher, 1995: The ‘National System of Innovation …”

Innovationspolitik: Die Genese einer staatlichen Policy S. 23-31

„… wesentlicher Indikator für die internationale Verwertung national generierter Innovationen stellt, neben der …” „… sub-nationalen Gebietskörperschaften bis hin zum supranationalen Staatenverbund der Europäischen Union – die …” „… industrialisierter Staaten, trotz teilweise erheblicher nationaler Variationen, im Wesentlichen in vier kumulativen …”

Untersuchungsansatz und Forschungshypothesen S. 44-54

„… europäisches Innovationssystem. Sie lassen allerdings offen, inwieweit dieses System in die nationalen …” „… Vernetzungen in der Wissenschaft, aber auch in den Innovations- und Diffusionsprozessen, nationale …” „… systematischen Vergleich der Erfolgs- und Hemmnisfaktoren in den drei nationalen Innovationssystemen im …”

Innovationen in der schweizerischen Politik: Die Einführung einer Innovationspolitik seit den 1990er Jahren S. 166-176

„… die Kommission für Technologie und Innovation (KTI) vornehmlich an den Eidgenössischen Technischen …” „… Hochschulen angesiedelt waren.118 2.4 Innovationen in der schweizerischen Politik: Die Einführung einer …” „… Technologien und Innovationen nur eine relativ kurze Tradition. Erst Anfang der 1990er Jahre hat die …”

Zur Anlage der Analyse S. 54-62

„… geförderten TSER-Projektes „National Systems of Innovation and Networks in the Idea-Innovation Chain in …” „… pharmazeutischer Biotechnologieindustrien in den nationalen Innovationssystemen Deutschlands, der Schweiz und der …” „… einem außerordentlich komplexen System mit unterschiedlichsten Akteurkonstellationen und …”

Innovationspolitik: Originäres Politikfeld oder „Meta-Policy“? S. 249-250

„… Hervorbringung von Innovation nur minimal über die Förderung der Grundlagenforschung und die gesetzliche Regelung …” „… traditionellen Politikfeldern in einem politischen System dadurch unterscheidet, dass sie über keine eigene …” „… Innovationen und technologischer Entwicklung ausmachen, die nicht mehr allein zur Korrektur von Marktversagen …”

Determinanten der technologischen Leistungsfähigkeit hoch entwickelter Industrienationen S. 31-36

„… erkennbar, dass Variationen institutioneller Bedingungen für Innovationen innerhalb kapitalistischer Systeme …” „… nationalen Systeme institutionell begründete komparative Vorteile besitzen und in welchen sie infolgedessen …” „… Untersuchungen, die sich der Analyse nationaler Wirtschafts-, Produktions- oder Innovationssysteme6 widmen und in …”

Öffentliche Venture Capital-Finanzierung und neue Koordinierungs-formen im deutschen Finanzsystem S. 96-105

„… in radikale Innovationen gegenüber solchen Systemen benachteiligt, die durch die Verfügbarkeit von …” „… , während beispielsweise vermögende Privatinvestoren, sogenannte Business Angels, dem deutschen System fremd …” „… insgesamt 21 nationale Börsensegmente etabliert, die auf junge technologieorientierte Unternehmen …”

Innovationspolitik im Mehrebenensystem: Öffentliche Biotechnologieförderung des Bundes, der Länder und der Europäischen Union S. 115-130

„… nationalen Genzentren. Diese wurden entweder durch den Zusammenschluss bereits bestehender …” „… Biotechnologie München deutlich: „Hervorzuheben ist die 1995 erfolgte Inbetriebnahme des Innovations- und …” „… in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere das Nationale Genomforschungsnetzwerk, an dem 32 Universitäten …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 19-22

„… Koordinationsstelle für die Anwendung von rDNS-Organismen (Schweiz) KTI Kommission für Technologie und Innovation …” „… Multinationale Unternehmen MPG Max-Planck-Gesellschaft NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers …” „… Automated Quotation (System), Bezeichnung der elektronischen Technologiebörse in New York City NBCC Network …”

Der Wandel institutioneller Arrangements im biopharmazeutischen Innovationsprozess S. 218-220

„… durch seine staatlichen Universitäten ein System der flächendeckenden Aus- und Weiterbildung in …” „… Unternehmen aus dem National Institute of Health (41 Firmen), der Johns Hopkins University (ebenfalls 41 …” „… Netzwerkbeziehungen, die nicht nur zur Hervorbringung spezifischer Innovationen dienen, sondern im Sektor der …”

Die föderale Aufgabenteilung in der Innovationspolitik: Rahmenbedingungen des Bundes und innovationspolitische Instrumentenvielfalt in den Gliedstaaten S. 208-218

„… belegt.132 In diesem Bericht hatte Bush vorgeschlagen, eine Bundesagentur – eine National Research …” „… Foundation, aus der ab dem Jahr 1950 die National Science Foundation wurde – zu gründen, deren Aufgabe es …” „… bereitzustellen, um dadurch einen Beitrag im Kampf gegen Krankheiten sowie zur Stärkung der nationalen Sicherheit …”

Wagniskapitalgestützte Innovationsfinanzierung in den USA: Regulative Anreize und staatliches Quasi-Venture-Capital S. 196-199

„… er Jahren mit dem SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research)-Programm und dem ATP (Advanced Technology …” „… Projektförderung durch das National Institute of Health, für gründerwillige Wissenschaftler zumindest prinzipiell …” „… in einem System, in dem börsennotierte Unternehmen vorwiegend an der Entwicklung ihres Aktienkurses …”

Neue Formen der Koordinierung zwischen Innovationsakteuren und ihrem institutionellen Umfeld S. 220-224

„… . Congress: den „National Cooperative Research Act“ von 1984 sowie den „National Cooperative Research and …” „… Entwicklung in sogenannten „Innovation Markets“ eine neue Bedeutung zukommt, weil hier eine Vielzahl von …” „… National Institute of Health oder das Nati- 224 onal Institute of Standards and Technologies, in …”

Föderaler Wettbewerb und die Kontroverse um Sicherheit und Innovationsfähigkeit: Das U.S.-amerikanische Regulierungssystem in der pharmazeutischen Biotechnologie S. 187-196

„… auf die fünf Faktoren der Marktstruktur, der Nachfrage nach Innovationen, der Exportorientierung, der …” „… Stammzellenlinien für zulässig erklärt, die zum Zeitpunkt seiner Entscheidung im Register des National Institute of …” „… repräsentiert sind. Während das National Institute of Health im Haushaltsjahr 2004 lediglich knapp 22 Millionen …”

Innovationspolitik im Dilemma zwischen Koordination und Vielfalt S. 250-253

„… offenkundig eine Ausdehnung der Begründung für staatliches Handeln zur Förderung von Innovationen und …” „… 143 Zwischen 1994 und 2002 hat die OECD im Rahmen ihrer Working Party for Technology and Innovation …” „… Policy (TIP) ein umfassendes Projekt über das Konzept Nationaler Innovationssysteme durchgeführt, dessen …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… „National Systems of Innovation and Networks in the Idea-Innovation Chain in Science-based Industries …” „… für Innovationen besitzt und welche Anforderungen sich für eine systemische Innovationspolitik …” „… Innovationen für den ökonomischen Wohlstand und die industrielle Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ist in den letzten …”

Die territoriale Ausdifferenzierung der Innovationssysteme S. 230-233

„… Charakter, der in beiden Fällen auf den beschleunigten Zugang national generierter Innovationen zu …” „… Perspektive zu systematisieren. Während sich die systemische Divergenz vornehmlich auf institutionelle …” „… Koordinationsmodi zwischen den Innovationsakteuren selbst. 2. Die Persistenz der Divergenz: Nationale Muster der …”

Staatliche Steuerungspotenziale beim Aufbau wissensbasierter Industrien im internationalen Vergleich S. 259-261

„… Generierung von Innovationen auszeichnet. Aus der Perspektive des Konzepts nationaler Innovationssysteme …” „… in den nationalen Innovationssystemen Deutschlands, der Schweiz und der Vereinigten Staaten von …” „… Deutschlands und der Schweiz auf die hoch riskanten Innovations- 260 prozesse zur Entwicklung moderner …”

„Varieties of Capitalism“ und die Steuerungspotenziale staatlicher Innovationspolitik S. 36-40

„… nationalen Systeme institutionell begründete komparative Vorteile besitzen und in welchen sie infolgedessen …” „… treffen, in welchen Bereichen von Innovation und technologischer Leistungsfähigkeit die verschiedenen …” „… etablierter Technologien spezialisiert sind. Die Hervorbringung radikaler Innovationen wird hingegen dadurch …”

Innovationspolitik im europäischen Mehrebenensystem S. 253-258

„… Prozess der Generierung von Innovationen geben. Wenn aber nun davon auszugehen ist, dass eine Koordination …” „… Vielschichtigkeit der Maßnahmen zu den territorialen Ausdifferenzierungsprozessen nationaler Innovationssysteme …” „… Biotechnologie) ihr Augenmerk vornehmlich auf nationale Förderprogramme legen und demzufolge europäischen …”

Das schweizerische Bildungs- und Forschungssystem im dynamischen föderativen Reformprozess S. 157-166

„… angebunden ist. Zudem wird das Zentrum in ein öffentlich finanziertes nationales Netzwerk für Systembiologie …” „… um 64 Prozent und das National Institute of Health in den USA sogar um 70 Prozent (FfL 2003: 4 ff …” „… die Kommission für Technologie und Innovation (KTI) vornehmlich an den Eidgenössischen Technischen …”

Forschungsbedarf aus empirischer Sicht S. 40-44

„… Mitarbeiter sowie die Bevorzugung der Finanzierung weniger riskanter Innovationen, komparative Vorteile …” „… institutioneller Wandel auch die technologische Leistungsfähigkeit und die Veränderung nationaler Innovationsstile …” „… , dass sie zur Erklärung des Entstehens technologischer Innovationen nicht primär auf die internen …”

Neue Akteure und Koordinierungsmodi im pharmazeutischen Innovationsprozess S. 70-76

„… sie eine Lösung der Innovations- und Produktivitätsprobleme in den 1990er Jahren zunächst in einem …” „… weitere Entwicklung erhebliche nationale Eigenheiten aufwies.23 In Deutschland, beispielsweise …” „… engagierten sich Sandoz, das 1991 und 1995 die Unternehmen SyStemic und Genetic Therapy übernahm. Ciba-Geigy …”

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