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Mark D. Cole, Jörg Ukrow, Christina Etteldorf - On the Allocation of Competences between the European Union and its Member States in the Media Sector | Zur Kompetenzverteilung zwischen der Europäischen Union und den Mitgliedstaaten im Mediensektor

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Mark D. Cole, Jörg Ukrow, Christina Etteldorf

On the Allocation of Competences between the European Union and its Member States in the Media Sector | Zur Kompetenzverteilung zwischen der Europäischen Union und den Mitgliedstaaten im Mediensektor

2021

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Mark D. Cole, Christina Etteldorf D. Secondary legal framework on “media law” and media pluralism S. 173-264

„… Secondary legal framework on “media law” and media pluralism Mark D. Cole / Christina Etteldorf …” „… . Further notes on the content of the draft van Loon in: Media Law & Policy 2001, 11, 17 et seq.; Westphal …” „… Gemeinschaft und Medienvielfalt; van Loon in: Media Law & Policy 2001, 11, 17 et seq.; Westphal in: European …”

Mark D. Cole, Christina Etteldorf C. On the significance and enshrinement in law of media diversity at EU level S. 147-172

„… On the significance and enshrinement in law of media diversity at EU level Mark D. Cole / Christina …” „… concentration law perspective as an information law one, which asks what significance media pluralism has for …” „… at the framework of media law at the level of EU secondary law, with a particular focus on aspects of …”

Jörg Ukrow E. Core problems of public international law regarding the regulation of the “media sector” with respect to possible tensions with EU law S. 265-330

„… Core problems of public international law regarding the regulation of the “media sector” with …” „… to how to design media regulation in conformity with public international law, which also wants to …” „… longer) contain any principle that national or EU administrative law, be it media law such as the law on …”

Executive summary S. 29-46

„… competences do not only exist with regard to traditional media concentration law, but also with regard to …” „… protection of media pluralism by referring to EU internal market and competition law. In this respect …” „… competences assigned to the EU under primary law since the Treaty of Lisbon, the media are not mentioned as …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-28

„… of European Media Law (EMR) on behalf of the German Länder. Each language version is preceded by a …” „… competences under EU primary law B. 57 Jörg Ukrow On the significance and enshrinement in law of media …” „… diversity at EU level C. 147 Mark D. Cole / Christina Etteldorf Secondary legal framework on “media law” and …”

Information on the contributors / Informationen zu den Mitwirkenden S. 815-824

„… theoretical knowledge for the specialist lawyer in copyright and media law and the specialist lawyer in …” „… made important contributions to the development of media law and media policy as well as related areas …” „… practice-oriented investigation of current issues in European, national and comparative media law. As part of and in …”

Jörg Ukrow B. Framework for the allocation of competences under EU primary law S. 57-146

„… TEU/TFEU Introduction Since the late 1990 s, initiatives and demands for a European law on media …” „… the founding act of EU media law, the EEC Television Directive, the topic was addressed for the first …” „… coordination competence exist however not only with respect to classic media concentration law, but also from …”

Mark D. Cole, Jörg Ukrow A. Introduction and background to the study S. 47-56

„… media law, which regulates the “media” sector, because here it is not possible to allocate competences …” „… regulating the “media sector” due to the tension between national and EU law. The focus is to explain, using …” „… national regulation – i.e. in particular the question of a cross-border application of German media law …”

Mark D. Cole, Jörg Ukrow G. Conclusion and political options for action S. 353-364

„… fundamental questions of a European and specific media law nature regarding the distribution of competences …” „… States. Safeguarding pluralism is actually the key objective of media law altogether. This particular …” „… trade, can be just as relevant for the actions of media undertakings as the EU competition law …”

Jörg Ukrow F. The proposed Digital Services Act S. 331-352

„… inventory is also not irrelevant in terms of EU law. In view of the dual nature of media content as both a …” „… media law provides links that can be activated in view of threats posed by insufficient transparency of …” „… the actions of new players relevant to (constitutional) media law, such as providers of media …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 777-814

„… Enforcement of EU Competition Law, Paris/New York 2019. Zitiert: Bania, The Role of Media Pluralism in the …” „… Commission Soft and Hard Law Instruments for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom, in: European Union …” „… , European Commission Soft and Hard Law Instruments for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom. Broughton Micova …”

List of references S. 365-400

„… the Enforcement of EU Competition Law, Paris/New York 2019. cited as: Bania, The Role of Media …” „… .: European Commission Soft and Hard Law Instruments for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom, in: European Union …” „… , European Commission Soft and Hard Law Instruments for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom. Broughton Micova …”

Mark D. Cole, Christina Etteldorf C. Zur Bedeutung und rechtlichen Verankerung der Medienvielfalt auf EU-Ebene S. 541-568

„… Regulating Media Pluralism in the European Union, S. 27; Craufurd Smith, Culture and European Union Law, S …” „… Englischen. 293 Europarat, Activity report of the Committee of Experts on Media Concentrations and Pluralism …” „… European Media Policy 2000–2014, S. 15 ff. 541 fenheit nicht geben, die eine definitorische Verengung nicht …”

Mark D. Cole, Christina Etteldorf D. Sekundärrechtlicher Rahmen zum „Medienrecht“ und Medienpluralismus S. 569-670

„… Gemeinschaft und Medienvielfalt. Weitere Hinweise zum Inhalt des Entwurfs van Loon in: Media Law & Policy 2001 …” „… , 11, 17 f.; Westphal in: European Business Law Review 2002, 459, S, 465 ff. 406 Wie vor; siehe …” „… relevante 408 Hierzu: Valcke, Challenges of Regulating Media Pluralism in the European Union, S. 26. 409 Vgl …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 413-418

„… Mitteilungen und Bekanntmachungen ca. circa CMLRev. Common Law Review (Zeitschrift) COM Communication …” „… Menschenrechtskonvention ERGA European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services ESZB Europäisches System der …” „… für elektronische Kommunikation GG Grundgesetz ggf. gegebenenfalls GLJ German Law Journal GlüStV …”

Jörg Ukrow B. Primärrechtlicher Rahmen zur Kompetenzabgrenzung S. 447-540

„… Meinungsvielfalt zu ge- 24 Europäische Kommission, Grünbuch Pluralism and media concentration in the internal …” „… . media literacy. Schon die Empfehlung des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 20. Dezember 2006 …” „… (https://www.consilium.europa.eu/ media/45136/210720-euco-final-conclusions-de.pdf), in denen vorgesehen ist, dass die Europäische …”

Jörg Ukrow E. Völkerrechtliche Kernprobleme der Regulierung des „Mediensektors“ im Hinblick auf mögliche Spannungsverhältnisse mit dem Recht der EU S. 671-740

„… Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States vom 24.10.1970, International Legal …” „… 2009/2010, 159, 160, 167, 174; Staker in: Evans, International Law, S. 309 (316 ff.); Oxman in: MPEPIL, 546 …” „… Public International Law, S. 459 f.; Kment, Grenzüberschreitendes Verwaltungshandeln, S. 114 ff …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748924975

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

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Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law, Mass Media and Sport S. 193-195

„… ?is?a?great?number?of?provisions?limitingthe?freedom?of?movement?because?of?the?particularity?of?the?commodity.?Undoubtedly,?though,?this?“sporting”?matter?is?also?of?great?interest?in?terms?of?the?EC?lawapplication.EC law, Mass Media and …” „… ),?which?was?the?first?document?which?made?aclear?reference?to?the?audiovisual?mass?media …” „… ?policies.Despite?the?fact?that?the?EU?has?no?official?competence?or?legal?basis?on?sport,these?two?sectors?of?policy?are?closely?linked.?Both?sport?and?mass?media?have?asocial?and?cultural?role?and?contribute?a?source?of?entertainment?and?communicationat?both?a?national?and?international?level.Furthermore,?both?sport?and?the?mass?media …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Freedom of the athlete’s establishment S. 191-193

„… ?is?a?great?number?of?provisions?limitingthe?freedom?of?movement?because?of?the?particularity?of?the?commodity.?Undoubtedly,?though,?this?“sporting”?matter?is?also?of?great?interest?in?terms?of?the?EC?lawapplication.EC law, Mass Media and …” „… laimants’?appeal.The?ECJ,?judging?on?appeal,?even?if?ended?up?with?the?same?result,?proceededto?a?direct?application?of?the?EC?competition?rules?to?sport.?It?stated?that?the?dopingrules?are?subject?to?the?EC?law,?yet?they?do?not?constitute?a?restriction?of?competitionincompatible?with?the?Common?Market,?within?the?meaning?of?Art. 81 …” „… .Indeed,?the?financial?importance?of?sport?made?it?necessary?for?it?to?be?subject?tothe?EC?law.The?EU?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Freedom of movement of goods and sport S. 193

„… ?is?a?great?number?of?provisions?limitingthe?freedom?of?movement?because?of?the?particularity?of?the?commodity.?Undoubtedly,?though,?this?“sporting”?matter?is?also?of?great?interest?in?terms?of?the?EC?lawapplication.EC law, Mass Media and …” „… ),?which?was?the?first?document?which?made?aclear?reference?to?the?audiovisual?mass?media …” „… ?policies.Despite?the?fact?that?the?EU?has?no?official?competence?or?legal?basis?on?sport,these?two?sectors?of?policy?are?closely?linked.?Both?sport?and?mass?media?have?asocial?and?cultural?role?and?contribute?a?source?of?entertainment?and?communicationat?both?a?national?and?international?level.Furthermore,?both?sport?and?the?mass?media …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympics and Broadcasting S. 282-283

„… A.,?The?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?the?role?of?law,?in?Entertainment?LawReview?2004.621 Ibid.282 …” „… ? highlighting?the?right?of?freedom?of?information?with?the?note?that?mass?media?shouldexert?a?positive?influence?on?Physical?Education?and?sports?in?the?sense?of?the?broadsocial?significance?the?humanitarian?purpose?and?the?moral?values?that?they?embrace.623 …” „… ors?feel?safer.?On?the?other?hand?under?closer?examination,?is?it?anygood??It?is?believed?that?ambush?marketing?is?something?overly?wide?and?vague.Especially,?taking?into?account?the?new?forms?of?technology?and?media …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Final Remarks S. 283-284

„… ? highlighting?the?right?of?freedom?of?information?with?the?note?that?mass?media?shouldexert?a?positive?influence?on?Physical?Education?and?sports?in?the?sense?of?the?broadsocial?significance?the?humanitarian?purpose?and?the?moral?values?that?they?embrace.623 …” „… ors?feel?safer.?On?the?other?hand?under?closer?examination,?is?it?anygood??It?is?believed?that?ambush?marketing?is?something?overly?wide?and?vague.Especially,?taking?into?account?the?new?forms?of?technology?and?media …” „… ,?it?is?probably?impossible?to?control?ambush?marketing.?For?instance,?the?current?legislationcan?probably?stop?aspiring?ambushers?from?making?connection?to?the?Olympicsthrough?television?or?inside?the?Olympic?venues.?However,?how?could?we?possibly622 Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement Rules: Autonomy and Pluralism. S. 55-57

„… ernational?view?that?sport?and?its?relation?with?the?mass?media?can?guarantee.An?exercise?of?rules,?could?be?specially?considered?as?the?total?of?these?rulessince? it? systemizes? the?sports? law?of? the?states,? the? law?of?various …” „… ?in?the?fieldof?sport,?which?was?closely?linked?to?the?chivalry?during?that?period.?Also,?it?hasto?be?pointed?out?that?the?sporting?rules?have?an?indefinite?ambit/scope?They?areabout?the?federation?rules,?the?rules?of?each?game/event,?the?contracts,?the?freedomof?settlement,?the?labour?law,?the?mass?media …” „… ?of?sporting?institutions?and?the?rulesof?every?sport.?It?is?really?a?complicated?system?of?rules?with?a?great?interest?andoriginality?which?leads?to?particular?speculation!The?Olympic?Movement?rules?consequently?constitute?a?portion?of?the?sport?lawrules?and?pose?the?matter?of?their?relation?with?the?total?of?the?other?rules?that?theynecessarily?communicate?with.?This?matter?is?not?a?novel?one.The?sport?law?rules?have?emerged?since?1281,?as?Chaker50 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London Olympic Games and Para-Olympic games Act 2006 S. 234-235

„… l?other?news?sources?cited?Bertrand?Delanoë's?complaint?regarding?Tony?Blair's?secret?late?night?meetings?with?numerous?(African)IOC?representatives?as?having?a?more?significant?impact?on?final?vote.?When?reporting?London's?win,?British?media …” „… nitiesfor?young?people?in?sport?in?our?country,?but?also?for?the?Olympic?Movement.”Also,?Tessa?Jowell,?Secretary?of?State?for?Culture,?Media …” „… main?law,?the?London?Olympic?Games?and?Para-Olympic?Games?Act?2006 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 263-264

„… lly?consists?of?associating?a?company's?image?with?a?sports?event,?withoutpaying?sponsorship?fees?to?the?organiser?in?order?to?benefit?from?its?media …” „… ?Olympic?Games?are?really?attractive?for?sponsors,?since?the?Gamescommand?the?focus?of?the?media?and?the?attention?of?the?entire?world?for?17?consecutive?days,?reaching?billions?of?people?in?more?than?220?countries?throughoutthe?world …” „… Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Towards a formation of European perception on sport. S. 177-178

„… s?to?be?recognized?and?protected,?within?a?framework?that?ensuresthe?implementation?of?good?governance?principles?such?as?democracy,?transparency?and?accountability.?On?this?basis,?self-regulation?should?be?encouraged,?providedthat?EU?law …” „… ? impose?general?rulesapplicable?to?all?European?sports.?However,?EU?law …” „… ?will?continue?to?apply?to?sport,particularly?as?far?as?competition,?freedom?of?movement?and?non-discriminationrules?are?concerned.?Moreover,?dialogue?with?sports?organizations?has?brought?anumber?of?areas?for?possible?EU?action?to?the?Commission’s?attention,?particularlytransfers,?activities?of?players'?agents,?licensing?systems,?involvement?of?supportersin?clubs,?criminality?in?sport,?and?the?protection?of?minors?and?media?rights.Towards a formation of European perception on …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and EU law S. 168

„… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …” „… y?the?mass?media …” „… G.,?Intervention?in?the?Olympic?Games?Congress?(in?Greek),?Public?Law?Matters,?Applications?of?Public?Law,?Special?Edition,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?2003.385 Gonzalez J.S.,?Sport?as?an?element?for?European?Integration,?in?ISLR/Pandektis,?Vol …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European Parliament and its positions about sport in Europe S. 173-174

„… ndinternational?federations,?mass?media …” „… E.,?Competition?and?Sport,?in?European?Law?Review,?2007.173 …” „… ? citizensagreed?with?the?aims?of?the?European?year,?such?as?the?important?role?that?sportplays?in?the?spreading?of?certain?values,?for?instance.?The?vast?majority?of?the?individuals?that?were?asked?answered?that?they?believed?that?sport?should?have?a?moreimportant?place?in?the?schools’?schedule.The regulation of sport by the EC law: prevalence of the EC …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community interest in sport and the formation of a European participial democracy S. 168-169

„… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …” „… y?the?mass?media …” „… G.,?Intervention?in?the?Olympic?Games?Congress?(in?Greek),?Public?Law?Matters,?Applications?of?Public?Law,?Special?Edition,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?2003.385 Gonzalez J.S.,?Sport?as?an?element?for?European?Integration,?in?ISLR/Pandektis,?Vol …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport: a defined Community term with international references S. 167-168

„… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …” „… eady?involved?in?this?level?in?the?framework?of?the?Europe?of?cities?andthe?European?Networks?policy.It?has?to?be?ascertained,?therefore,?whether?the?effort?of?the?synthesis/composition?between?the?EC?law?and?the?IOC?law,?which?started?and?finished?in?Athens,will?continue?with?the?same?success?during?the?second?attempt?of?London?in?2012.Sport: a …” „… y?the?mass?media …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European approach to sport S. 175-177

„… ., Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,Manchesterm?2003,?Blanpain R …” „… ., The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?underInternational,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,The?Hague?2003.Weatherill S.,?European?Sports?Law,?Collected?Papers,?University?of?Oxford,?Oxford?2007.175 …” „… tation?of?good?governance?principles?such?as?democracy,?transparency?and?accountability.?On?this?basis,?self-regulation?should?be?encouraged,?providedthat?EU?law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sponsorship S. 264-266

„… ?Olympic?Games?are?really?attractive?for?sponsors,?since?the?Gamescommand?the?focus?of?the?media?and?the?attention?of?the?entire?world?for?17?consecutive?days,?reaching?billions?of?people?in?more?than?220?countries?throughoutthe?world …” „… Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …” „… U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3rd?Edition,?Sydney-London,?2005,,?p.458.573 Bruhn M.,? Die? Entwicklung? neuer …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Amendment of the Chinese Constitution in 2004- 3 years after the amendment of the Greek one S. 108-110

„… ? legislation?was?promoted?for?theorientation?of?the?Code?of?Compulsory?Expropriations?to?this?direction?and?a?relative?law?was?also?voted,?which?has?been?in?force?since?2002.?The?special?laws …” „… E.,?Olympic?Games?and?Law?(inGreek),?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini?2001.206 http://www.hrichina.org/public/.207 http://www.oikologos.gr/News2004/0155.html.208 …” „… onstitution?and?the?Agenda?21,?considering?the?lattestas?a?superior?law?of?supranational?character.213?However,?Agenda?21 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community Law involvement in sport and Olympic Games S. 154-156

„… ity?organs,?whendealing?with?important?matters?that?could?affect?sport,?to?ask?the?sporting?institutions’?opinion.?In?this?framework?special?importance?should?be?attached?to?the?particularities?of?amateursport.,? Olympic? Games? and? Environment,? Greek? Company? of? Environmental? Law,Ant.N,Sakkoulas …” „… ? phenomenon?by?the?national?laws?as?well?as?the?guaranteeing?of?the?fundamental?freedoms?as?regards?the?private?monopolistic?organization?of?sport.The prevalence of the Community law over the regulations of the sportinginstitutionsThe?ECJ …” „… The Community Law involvement in sport and Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Constitutional Treaty Draft S. 171-173

„… ?2?EC,?should?respect?thecommunity?law …” „… .?It?is?mainly?covered?by?the?provisions?that?concern?the?freedomof?movement?of?workers.?As?the?Walrave?rules?held,?sport?is?caught?by?the?ambitof?EC?law?only?in?so?far?as?it?constitutes?an?economic?activity.?This?ruling?was?laterconfirmed?by?many?other?ECJ?rulings.The declarations of Amsterdam and …” „… ? by? the?European?Law.?Many?members? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law and 2004 Olympic Games S. 178-181

„… democracy,?as?long?as?it?claims?to?be?a?participial?one,?can?do?nothing?but?attachemphasis?on?the?sporting?phenomenon.The?European?dimension?of?sport?attaches?also?emphasis?on?major?economicinterests?and?objectives?which?are?regulated?by?the?EC?law …” „… .?It?is?clear,?therefore,that?the?EC?law …” „… of?people.The?cities?of?the?Olympic?organizations?are?not?only?units?of?a?state’s?structure/framework?any?more,?but?a?part?of?the?EC?territory.?That?is?why?the?EC?law?nowclaims?an?active?role?for?itself?within?the?framework?of?the?People’s?Europe?andthe?policy?of? the?European?cities’?network.?Under?these?circumstances …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic truce in effect S. 130-131

„… ? the?mass?media?can?be?nothing?but“educational”?for?the?international?communityThe?UN?and?generally?the?international?law?aspiration?to?acquire?through?theOlympic?truce?a?certain?role?in?the?Olympic?organization?is?totally?legitimate.?Welive? in? a? period? that? nobody? casts? doubt? on? the? necessity? of …” „… N./Mredimas A./Malatos A.(eds):?Olympic?Games?and?Law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Freedom?of?movement?of?goods?and?sport 193EC?law,?Mass?Media?and?Sport 193Competition-Public?Contracts?and?Olympics?Games 195 …” „… The?integration?of?the?ethical?rules?of?sport?in?national?laws 74The?rule?of?law?and?the?fair?play 77Chapter?4 80 …” „… EU?law?in?the?Barcelona?Games 42The?Games?and?the?city:?the?Barcelona?mythe 42The?innovative?Olympic?Games?of?1896?and?2004 43 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Delivery Authority S. 235

„… main?law,?the?London?Olympic?Games?and?Para-Olympic?Games?Act?2006 …” „… ?Olympic?Games?(LOCOG),?the?ODA?is?one?of?the?two?mainagencies?organising?the?London?Olympic?Games.?The?ODA?was?established?by?theLondon?Olympic?Games?and?Paralympic?Games?Act?2006466?and?is?the?responsibility?of?the?Department?for?Culture?Media …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European Forum on Sport S. 173

„… ndinternational?federations,?mass?media …” „… E.,?Competition?and?Sport,?in?European?Law?Review,?2007.173 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The protection of the human rights as a major objective of the Olympic Games S. 106-108

„… P.,?Human?Rights?Protection?Matters?(in?Greek),?in:?Applications?of?Public?Law,op?cit,?p.15,?Pettiti L.E.,?Droit?du?Sport?et?Convention?Europeenne?des?droits?de?l’Homme,in? International …” „… ? Congress? on?Sports?Law,?University? of?Athens,? 11-13?December?1993(published?proceedings).106 …” „… was?constantly?airing?its?opinions?regarding?this?issueeither?on?the?occasion?of?Tibet?and?the?riots?or?on?the?occasion?of?the?violationsabout?the?freedom?of?press,?the?mass?media?etc.199 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General Competence S. 235-236

„… main?law,?the?London?Olympic?Games?and?Para-Olympic?Games?Act?2006 …” „… ?Olympic?Games?(LOCOG),?the?ODA?is?one?of?the?two?mainagencies?organising?the?London?Olympic?Games.?The?ODA?was?established?by?theLondon?Olympic?Games?and?Paralympic?Games?Act?2006466?and?is?the?responsibility?of?the?Department?for?Culture?Media …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Human Rights and Olympic Games S. 104-106

„… a?score?which?was?considered?to?be?naïve?in?the?basketball?final?betweenUSA?and?USSR?indicated?the?triumph?of?the?western?way?of?life?in?the?mass?media,despite?the?fact?that?that?result?caused?speculation?over?the?meaning/essence?of?sportitself.In?1972?the?blood?shedding?in?Munich?marked?the?end?of?any?kind?of?pretext?isthe?sporting?affairs.189 …” „… P.,?Human?Rights?Protection?Matters?(in?Greek),?in:?Applications?of?Public?Law,op?cit,?p.15,?Pettiti L.E.,?Droit?du?Sport?et?Convention?Europeenne?des?droits?de?l’Homme,in? International …” „… ? Congress? on?Sports?Law,?University? of?Athens,? 11-13?December?1993(published?proceedings).106 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relationship among the Olympic Movement rules and the state rules and the institutional balancing of each Olympic Organization S. 110-112

„… ? legislation?was?promoted?for?theorientation?of?the?Code?of?Compulsory?Expropriations?to?this?direction?and?a?relative?law?was?also?voted,?which?has?been?in?force?since?2002.?The?special?laws …” „… ? Law,?Transnational? Publishers,?New?York? 2004,Panagiotopoulos …” „… Olympics,?it?had?taken?into?account?the?declaration?that?the?hosting?of?the?Gameswould?help?the?human?rights?and?in?particular?the?mass?media?restrictions,?since215 See?revised?article?17 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Competition Policy S. 187-191

„… I.,?The?New?European?Competition?Lawand?its?application?to?sports?activity,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?Pandektis?(ISRL/Pandektis,?Vol.7:1-2,?2007),?Parrish …” „… ? law? remains? silent,? imposes? no? harmonization? and? recognizes …” „… ? beconsistent?with?both?the?EC?law?and?the?special?character?of?the?sport.?A?satisfactorysolution?was? finally?found?on?the?5th?March?2001 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Athens: the first European Host City in the European Territory S. 46-47

„… ? thecommunity?law …” „… scandalMuch?of?the?politics?surrounding?the?Athens?Games?have?emerged?after?the?competition?had?finished?and?the?attention?of?the?world's?media …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Nairobi Treaty S. 262-263

„… ?international?law.?However,?the?Treatydid?not?have?the?appeal?that?one?could?attend.?Initially?the?Treaty?was?signed?byonly?21?countries.565 …” „… lly?consists?of?associating?a?company's?image?with?a?sports?event,?withoutpaying?sponsorship?fees?to?the?organiser?in?order?to?benefit?from?its?media …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and the Olympic Charter S. 90-95

„… ,?theobligation?to?inform?the?IOC?periodically?etc.There?are?special?regulations?concerning?the?Olympic?Village?and?the?standardsrequired,?the?accommodation?of?media …” „… .The?Contract?requires?the?securing?of?a?series?of?legal?requirements,?such?as?thelegal?protection?of?the?Olympic?symbols?and?indicia?by?state?intervention?(namely,through?enactment).?The?National?Olympic?Committee?guarantees?the?existence?ofsuch?law …” „… ? of?Arbitration.Lastly,?the?Contract?is?accompanied?by?analytic?appendices.The?Host?City?Contract?is?the?decisive?bond?that?gives?shape?to?the?OlympicGames?in?the?sphere?of?positive?law135.?According?to?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?HostCity?Contract?is?indispe …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The revival, the Olympic Truce Foundation, the UN contribution and the EU attitude S. 127-130

„… ? the?mass?media?can?be?nothing?but“educational”?for?the?international?communityThe?UN?and?generally?the?international?law?aspiration?to?acquire?through?theOlympic?truce?a?certain?role?in?the?Olympic?organization?is?totally?legitimate.?Welive? in? a? period? that? nobody? casts? doubt? on? the? necessity? of …” „… J.A.R.,?International?Sports?Law,?Transnational?Publishers,?New?York?1988.265 Giannaki/Giannakis,?op?cit.266 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The human body, the international society and the fair play of history S. 18-25

„… ?education?programs?will?be?carried?out?ingovernment?departments,?especially?in?the?law?enforcement?organizations,?to?improve?government?staff's?initiative?in?legal?administration?and?their?knowledge?of?law?and?to?raise?theirlaw?enforcement?ability?and?service?quality.?Government?work?will?be?open?to?the?publicsupervision?and?information …” „… E.,?Olympic?Games?and?Law,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini2001,?p.278.10 See?about?the?relation?between?the?body?and?the?city?in?the?antiquity?Stewat …” „… See?the?illuminating?masterpiece?about?the?role?of?the?individual?in?the?democracy?in?Robertson G.,?Freedom,?The?Individual?and?the?Law,?Penguin?Books,?London?1989,?but?in?particularDworkin …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bidding process and governmental support S. 233-234

„… ?representatives?as?having?a?more?significant?impact?on?final?vote.?When?reporting?London's?win,?British?media?covered?the?expectant?crowds?in?both?Franceand?England?(and?in?the?other?bid?cities),?and?contrasted?the?jubilant?reaction?inLondon?to?the?reaction?of?the?crowd?in?Paris,?where?many?had?gathered?in?hope?ofa? French?win.?However,? the …” „… nitiesfor?young?people?in?sport?in?our?country,?but?also?for?the?Olympic?Movement.”Also,?Tessa?Jowell,?Secretary?of?State?for?Culture,?Media …” „… ,?London?had?to?make?sure?that?it?would?fulfill?the?obligations?that?it?hadunder?undertaken?towards?the?IOC.?It?has?to?be?noted?that?in?contrast?to?Athens2004?Olympics?which?was?followed?by?many?laws,?in?London?there?is?only?one234 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233499

Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi, Christine Godt, Peter Rott, Lesley Jane Smith - Haftungsrecht im dritten Millennium - Liability in the Third Millennium

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Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi (ed.), Christine Godt (ed.), Peter Rott (ed.), Lesley Jane Smith (ed.)

Haftungsrecht im dritten Millennium - Liability in the Third Millennium

Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)

Volume 52 2009

Results in this title

Giorgio Resta ‘Guilty Until Proven Innocent’: Trial by Media and European Law S. 243-284

„… 243 ‘Guilty Until Proven Innocent’: Trial by Media and European Law Giorgio Resta* A …” „… trials 246 III. Personality 247 C. Trial by media and European-continental law 252 I. Contempt by …” „… above) 289 f. ‘Guilty Until Proven Innocent’: Trial by Media and European Law 245 The first part …”

Franz Werro The Right to Inform v. the Right to be Forgotten: A Transatlantic Clash S. 285-300

„… law – when the sitting judge knowingly allowed members of the media into the courtroom to observe the …” „… case involving the former bank robber who has become a law-abiding citizen respectfully employed in …” „… withstand constitutional scrutiny under the Smith test, even where the media have lawfully gathered the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-26

„… Peifer 225 ‘Guilty Until Proven Innocent’: Trial by Media and European Law Giorgio Resta 243 The Right …” „… . Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Media & Ent. L.J. Entertainment Law Journal Foro it. Foro …” „… . Michigan State Law Review Minn. Minnesota MLR Modern Law Review MMR MultiMedia und Recht MR Medien und …”

Vernon Valentine Palmer Immaterial Damages, the Protection of Personality Interests and the Relevance of Contract Law S. 215-224

„… 215 Immaterial Damages, the Protection of Personality Interests and the Relevance of Contract Law …” „… Vernon Valentine Palmer* A. Intoduction 215 I. Personality Interests and the Law of Delict 215 II. The …” „… Glance 219 I. South Africa 219 II. France 220 III. United Kingdom (English and Scots law) 222 C …”

Lesley Jane Smith Grounding Space: Liability for commercial space operations S. 607-626

„… : International Institute of Space Law/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (n. 2 above). 11 The …” „… : International Institute of Space Law/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Proceedings of the 49 …” „… Law and Private Operators, in: International Institute of Space Law/American Institute of Aeronautics …”

Walter van Gerven Judicial Convergence of Laws and Minds in European Tort Law and Related Matters S. 29-50

„… Constitutional Perspective(s) on Liability 29 Judicial Convergence of Laws and Minds in European Tort Law and …” „… the past, retreated from earlier case law at a time when laws in other countries were converging on …” „… Handelsgesellschaft, [1970] ECR 1125. Judicial Convergence of Laws and Minds in European Tort Law and Related Matters …”

Joseph A. Page Reflections on Pain-And-Suffering Damages in the United States S. 193-216

„… academicians active in the law-and-literature movement, an intellectual current that has enriched legal …” „… , law-and-literature theo- 5 W. Mishler (n. 4 above) 49 f. 6 See …” „… law-and-economics scholars support compensation for non-pecuniary loss as an important factor in achieving optimal …”

Nuno Ferreira Fundamental Rights, Constitutional Principles, and the Law of Torts: Tortfeasors v. Tort Victims S. 49-84

„… the private lawyer to reconsider all traditional private law institutions: an automatic and …” „… law norms. Lawfully limiting the effects of a contract on the grounds of protection of private …” „… 49 Fundamental Rights, Constitutional Principles, and the Law of Torts: Tortfeasors v. Tort …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845213859

Swantje Renfordt - Framing the Use of Force: An International Rule of Law in Media Reporting

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Swantje Renfordt

Framing the Use of Force: An International Rule of Law in Media Reporting

2011

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Which International Law Norms Matter in Media Discourse? S. 136-143

„… that part of media debate which takes a law perspective (Figure 11). As suggested in Chapter 7.1, this …” „… hardly appear. 8.2 Which International Law Norms Matter in Media Discourse? As to the substance of …” „… 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005absolute frequencysov un ban def humFigure 13. Law Norms in Media Debate …”

How Visible is International Law in the Media? S. 105-118

„… 105 PART THREE – EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR LAW AS A MEDIA SCRIPT Publicity and …” „… competing frames such as interest or identity interpretations. Is International Law “visible” as a media …” „… dimensions of empirical findings: First: Visibility of Legal Framing – The visibility of law as a media …”

Operationalising an Investigation of ”International Law” as a Script in Media Debate S. 60-66

„… 60 4.3 Operationalising an Investigation of ”International Law” as a Script in Media Debate …” „… conditions law becomes a media script and, secondly, by explaining the selection of countries and newspapers …” „… analysed in this study. As to the possibility that International Law norms reflect a media script, this …”

– Introduction S. 13-23

„… overarching importance of arguments based on the rule of International Law in structuring mass media …” „… media debate addressing International Law norms is not driven primarily by national Sonderwege …” „… and content of Western media discourses addressing law norms on the use of force, this thesis tests …”

– Evaluation of Guiding Assumptions S. 189-197

„… evidence for the emergence of law as a script used in Western media debate addressing a crucial issue of …” „… generated data that allowed for a comparison of media content on the social validity of International Law …” „… overall visibility of law in media content and the similarity of discursive outcomes, i.e. legal framing …”

Frame Analysis as a Tool to Trace Meaning Structures in Media Debate S. 69-84

„… 69 PART TWO –THE RULE OF LAW AS A WESTERN MEDIA SCRIPT: THE EMPIRICAL …” „… can observe cross-national social validity of International Law norms in Western media discourse, a …” „… relations – the issue of war and peace. 70 Chapter 5 - Content Analysis of Law Norms in Mass Media 5.1 …”

Evaluation of Empirical Findings S. 202-207

„… country effects (1) Before examining whether International Law emerges as a “script” in media debate …” „… of law’ to emerge as a shared media script was fully met. A rule of law script appears to be the …” „… an International Law framing (Chapter 8.1). Using simple frequency statistics of media attention to …”

Formative Moments of Legal Framing in Mass Media S. 129-136

„… Formative Moments of Legal Framing in Mass Media In order to examine formative moments for a law …” „… yearSOM GULF AFG YUG otherFigure 10. Media attention to Hot Spots in “Law” Discourse91 Notes: Shown are …” „… hardly triggered any law framing. Again, we find very little media reporting on the many military …”

Alternative Assumptions S. 54-60

„… specific content of Western media discourse addressing law norms on the use of force. Following …” „… formates around human rights issues. Media reporting in weaker states employs more law language than in …” „… more powerful countries. Media debate uses less law rhetoric in the US than in European countries …”

Table of Contents S. 7-10

„… IN MEDIA DEBATE 24 Chapter 2 – Discourse & Law Norms: Definitions 26 2.1 Defining Discourse and …” „… Law, Discourse, and Morality 42 3.3 Giving the Discourse Theory Empirical Grounding Media Debates as …” „… Domestic Contexts 56 4.3 Operationalising an Investigation of ”International Law” as a Script in Media …”

Conceptual Departures – Merging Discourse Theory of Legitimate Law and Approaches from International Relations Theory S. 197-202

„… Media This dissertation had the aim of exploring the linkage between “law” and “discourse” in …” „… assumptions on International Law rhetoric in Western media debates addressing the use of armed force. By …” „… link between a complex theoretical reasoning on law on the one hand and media debates as the empirical …”

Public Discourses of Application & the Logic of Appropriateness S. 46-50

„… transnational discourses of law application may arise in the media also rests on arguments from constructivist …” „… implies that the media diffusion of “law” as one interpretation for debating the use of force has …” „… constitutive effects. If a logic of appropriateness guides argumentative choices in the media, the use of law …”

– Conclusion of Part One S. 66-68

„… and whether “the rule of International Law” is a shared model that shapes media debate towards …” „… legitimate law. Drawing on ideas from Habermas clarified how a concern with media discourse relates to an …” „… the shifting validity of law rules. The essential argument was that public settings such as mass media …”

The Assumptions of Global Sociological Institutionalism S. 50-54

„… 50 Chapter 4 – Generating Assumptions on the Rule of Law as a “Script” in the Media I …” „… institutionalism would expect uniform media discourses addressing law norms across countries, realist and liberal …” „… (Boyle and Meyer 2002: 74). Institutionalists would claim that actors in the media use a law …”

Contribution of my Findings to the International Relations Literature S. 207-209

„… media reporting. Law language tends to be more intense in European than in US news reporting. Yet, the …” „… overall picture emphasises an institutionalist reading: By and large, we find a Western community of media …” „… communication, which focuses on the rule of law as the most appropriate frame for discussing the use of force …”

Do Borders Matter for an Overall Law Framing? S. 143-172

„… precondition of the “rule of law” as a media script – media visibility – is thus fully met, I can now address …” „… , affect the volume of law debate in the media. Therewith, this chapter provides a test of the competing …” „… interesting result was found for a sub-sample including all media debate addressing International Law between …”

Implications for Political Practice S. 209-211

„… Law on military force: Why is it that media communication is generally silent on these Charter-based …” „… continuous and long term examination of the scope of International Law norm diffusion in Western media …” „… boundaries of law and what action is illegal. If states cannot afford to be pillorised as lawbreakers in …”

Giving the Discourse Theory Empirical Grounding – Media Debates as a Forum for Discourses of Application S. 44-46

„… questions of the social validity of law norms, media debates on military interventions provide an excellent …” „… discourses of law application may arise in the media also rests on arguments from constructivist social …” „… 2001; Woodward 2001). The notion of a morally indifferent law is not convincing. Habermas …”

Opinions in International Law Discourse S. 123-129

„… builds on references to International Law (Geis et al. 2007). When media reporting on humanitarian and …” „… moments” (Heiselberg 2003) for the emergence of law as a script in media debate. We have seen that dozens …” „… Media In order to examine formative moments for a law interpretation of the use of force, I collected …”

International Law in Framing Context S. 118-123

„… law framing to that of other potential masterframes in media reporting. Next to the law frame, I …” „… intervention in Kosovo one year later. In the mass media debate about these crises events law framing clearly …” „… law and human rights language play a prominent role in media reporting finds theoretical grounding in …”

Law and Discourse – Empirical State of the Art and Research Questions S. 36-38

„… therefore know very little about the public perception of International Law rules in media debates on …” „… 2006. 27 For Habermas legitimate law-making entails both institutionalized discourses where the …” „… 36 Chapter 3 - Linking Law & Public Discourses 3.1 Law and Discourse – Empirical State of the Art …”

Do Borders Matter for a Procedural Law Framing? S. 181-189

„… longitudinal empirical evidence for the emergence of law as a script used in Western media debate addressing a …” „… expectations for the overall visibility of law in media content and the similarity of discursive outcomes, i.e …” „… 181 9.3 Do Borders Matter for a Procedural Law Framing? A procedural interpretation of …”

Literature S. 213-226

„… : http://www.transatlantictrends.org/trends/doc/2003_english_essay.pdf [Accessed 17 March 2009]. Auerbach, Y. and Y. Block-Elkon (2005) Media …” „… International Relations, 5, 5-36. Bassiouni, M. C. (1999) International Criminal Law. New York: Transnational …” „… and the Legality of Pre-emptive Force. European Journal of International Law, 14, 227-40. Bothe, M …”

Do Borders Matter for a Moral Framing? S. 172-181

„… law language in media debate. We find six years that affect the volume of human rights framing in …” „… prominently and that it is frequently employed in more specific debate about international law norms (Chapter …” „… on the volume of law discourse about human rights issues. Table 12 summarises the findings. For the …”

Defining and Sampling the Data S. 84-94

„… longitudinal analysis of changes relating to the intensity of law framing in media debate about interventions …” „… Two condenses some background information of my empirical examination. To analyse the emergence of law …” „… as a “script” in Western media debate, this study uses a full-text dataset of digitised newspaper …”

– Conclusion of Part Two S. 101-104

„… . lawframe=all articles used for the manual content analysis, debate interventions as main issue, and …” „… furthermore include a law framing (n=1,611) This data set assembles all articles which debate the use of force …” „… from the perspective of International Law norms. 6.3 Conclusion of Part Two At the outset of this …”

Generalisability of Findings and Possibilities for Future Research S. 211-212

„… examination of the scope of International Law norm diffusion in Western media debates addressing issues of war …” „… ) would therefore be well-advised to take a Habermasian conception of legitimate law, as adopted in this …” „… grounds of procedures rooted in International Law. The theory stresses the close interlocking of law and …”

On Discourse, Law, Morality, and Politics - Core Assumptions of a Discourse Theory on Legitimate Law for the Purpose of this Study S. 38-44

„… law and morality before addressing how the argumentation on legitimate law so far is linked to media …” „… not irrelevant for institutionalised law-making since political bodies have to address and respond to …” „… legitimate law-making in modern complex societies. The major attraction of his theory is the close link …”

Coding the Newspaper Articles and Testing Reliability S. 94-101

„… 94 since media reporting in 1999 is “only” one of many other years included in the analysis, and …” „… total of “intervention” articles (int) well. The second point concerns gaps in media coverage in the …” „… . The gaps in media coverage occur during the time period when we used articles from Les Echos to …”

Defining Discourse and Norms S. 24-29

„… 24 PART ONE – THEORISING THE SOCIAL VALIDITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW NORMS IN MEDIA Debate This …” „… studies which are concerned with “International Law” in their formal institutionalised environment and the …” „… paucity of studies which examine law norms in the informal, public dimension. Assuming that …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-4

„… Swantje RenfordtFraming the Use of Force: An International Rule of Law in Media ReportingA …” „… Comparative Analysis of Western Media Debates about Military Intervention, ? -??NomosD1. Auflage 2011 …” „… the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845231433

Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods - Perspectives on Platform Regulation

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Judit Bayer (ed.), Bernd Holznagel (ed.), Päivi Korpisaari (ed.), Lorna Woods (ed.)

Perspectives on Platform Regulation

Series: Recht und Digitalisierung | Digitization and the Law

Volume 1 2021

Results in this title

Bernd Holznagel, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn Media Law Regulation of Social Networks - Country Report: Germany S. 261-290

„… Topic-based Regulation: Media Law and Data Protection Media Law Regulation of Social Networks …” „… dangers of the network and platform economy. Keywords: content moderation; due diligence; media law …” „… whether current media law legislation is able to ensure that the public is also supplied with factually …”

The Authors and Editors S. 585-594

„… Information, Telecommunication and Media law (ITM) at the University of Münster. The main focus of his …” „… research work lies in Telecommunication and Media Law as well as in network regulation, notably energy law …” „… Digital Media Observatory (EDMO). She teaches Communication Law at the University of Florence. Member of …”

Maria L. Vazquez, Maria Carolina Herrera Rubio, Alejandro Aréchiga Morales Thoughts on the Regulation of Content on Social Media in Latin America: Authors’ Rights, Limitations and Content Filtering S. 233-260

„… exceptions and limitations of international copyright law regulate copyrighted content on social media …” „… media4 in Latin America, legal controversies arise and courts have relied on classic civil law rules to …” „… procedures introduced in the 2020 Mexican Federal Copyright Law. The Latin American landscape of social media …”

Siwal Ashwini Social Media Platform Regulation in India – A Special Reference to The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 S. 215-232

„… es.com/india-news/ib-ministry-works-on-self-regulation-law-for-ott-platforms-and -digital-media-101610774195596.html. 31 “Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and …” „… , https://www.hindustantimes. com/india-news/ib-ministry-works-on-self-regulation-law-for-ott-platforms-and-d igital-media …” „… groundnorm which is ought to be obeyed and any law/rule/byelaw needs to abide by its basic tenets. 26 …”

Judit Bayer Rights and Duties of Online Platforms S. 23-46

„… platforms to also carry certain content. For example, the German new media law provision in the German Media …” „… , June 29 2020, https://www.lhr-law.de/magazin/social-media …” „… Media Platforms Could be a New Public Forum” Mitchell Hamline Law Review 46, no. 5 (2020 …”

Giovanni De Gregorio, Nicole Stremlau Platform Governance at the Periphery: Moderation, Shutdowns and Intervention S. 433-450

„… , international law and cooperation can offer new options. The role of media in disseminating hate and violence …” „… measures are just a small part of the array of new laws attempting to shape speech on social media but not …” „… explores the applicability of public international law and the humanitarian doctrine to information …”

Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel Introduction S. 9-22

„… Regulation: Media Law and Data Protection Media Law Regulation of Social Networks - Country Report: Germany …” „… administrative law? Notably, many of those landmark cases were related to early forms of social media, such as …” „… first and the second paper both explore the media law approach. Bernd Holznagel and Jan Kalbhenn …”

Kristiina Koivukari, Päivi Korpisaari Online Shaming - a New Challenge for Criminal Justice S. 473-488

„… , social media, shaming, criminalizing, principles of criminal law Freedom of expression and social media …” „… online, see e.g. Kathryn Chick, “Harmful Comments on Social Media,” York Law Review 1, (2020): 102-104 …” „… , 2003. Chick, Kathryn. “Harmful Comments on Social Media.” York Law Review 1, (2020): 83-110. Coe, Peter …”

Juliya Kharitonova, Larissa Sannikova Social Media Users Data Access: Russian Legal Approach S. 351-364

„… . https://journals.sagepub.com /doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305117695325 351 media under Russian law. Particular attention is paid to the …” „… media under Russian law The users themselves mainly provide the data that comes in and is stored in the …” „… to disclose relevant information continuously is at the core of social media functioning. Russian law …”

Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods Conclusions: Regulatory Responses to Communication Platforms: Models and Limits S. 565-584

„… , primarily commerce and communication. Ample research has been published about how social media – in …” „… activity of traditional media service providers, but more than mere “dissemination of information” which …” „… platforms,2 the draft Digital Services Act,3 and the draft Digital Markets Act. The German Media State …”

Peng Hwa Ang, Gerard Goggin The Regulation of Online Disinformation in Singapore S. 549-564

„… can work, there are limitations to the law. Keywords: social media, Singapore, fake news, anti-fake …” „… “seriously considering” a law to combat “fake news” as current laws were inadequate.8 Two months later, he …” „… existing laws. Singapore’s POFMA law creates new offences for the intentional malicious spread of …”

Sarah Hartmann Policy Developments in the USA to Address Platform Information Disorders S. 99-118

„… law but rather creating tax incentives in order to support local media. According to the draft bill …” „… Internet”. 108 Bernd Holznagel and Sarah Hartmann, “Reforming competition and media law – the German …” „… and media law – the German approach.” In Regulating Big Tech: Policy Responses to Digital Dominance …”

Lorna Woods Introducing the Systems Approach and the Statutory Duty of Care S. 77-98

„… , Dommering and Scheuer (eds) European Media Law (Alphena/d Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2008), para 10 …” „… . Woods, “The duty of care in the Online Harms White Paper” (2019) 11(1) Journal of Media Law 6 …” „… Audiovisual Media Services Directive” (2018) 23 (3) Communications Law 127. Lorna Woods 88 essentially the …”

Jacob Mchangama, Natalie Alkiviadou Protecting the Freedom of Expression in an Era of “Platformization:” Paving a Road to Censorship? S. 451-472

„… /russia-social-media-pressured-censor-posts>; Human Rights Watch, “Turkey: Social Media Law will Increase Censorship” 27 July 2020 …” „… , https://www.hr w.org/news/2020/07/27/turkey-social-media-law-will-increase-censorship. Jacob Mchangama, Natalie …” „… . 8 Susan Benesch, “But Facebook’s Not a Country: How to Interpret Human Rights Law for Social Media …”

Richard Janda Protecting Democratic Expression Online: Canada’s Work in Progress S. 365-414

„… a social media council had been raised by the Law Commission of Ontario101 and could perhaps …” „… , https://leginf o.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?division=3.&part=4.&lawCode =CIV&title=1.81.5 …” „… responsibly, social media councils, notice and takedown, online dispute resolution There is something …”

Lorna Woods The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms S. 329-350

„… platforms in general and social media in particular: data protection; competition; and the online harms …” „… media platforms, but Chapter 2. Chapter 3. 1 C. Sellars, “GDPR: one year on - ICO pulls back the curtain …” „… 281/31. 4 The relationship with the Department of Digital Culture Media and Sport is set out in a …”

Jan Christopher Kalbhenn European Legislative Initiative for Very Large Communication Platforms S. 47-76

„… ; Digital Markets Act; content moderation; due diligence; media law; disinformation; hate speech; risk …” „… competition rules for gatekeepers. The draft Digital Services Act contains media law requirements for …” „… Annex to this Article. 3 Another law with references to media law platform regulation is the Commission …”

Michael Geist Reshaping Canada’s Broadcasting Act: Solutions in Search of a Problem? S. 291-328

„… , Internet, Internet streaming, freedom of expression, culture, Netflix, Canada, Bill C-10, Social Media …” „… new media hearings in the summer of 1998.3 Although the Canadian legal Chapter 2. 2 See, e.g, The …” „… Commission, Public Notice CRTC 1998-82 - New Media - Call for Comments (Ottawa: Canadian Radio-television and …”

Index S. 595-601

„… media law 18; 20; 31; 48-50; 63; 74; 263-364; 263-289 media pluralism 531-547 Media Pluralism Monitor …” „… , 524, 574 anti-fake news law 435, 439, 549 f. antitrust 49, 67, 104, 111, 114, 218 authors’ rights …” „… , 576, 581 f. contract law 56, 154–161 copyright 233–236, 246–256, 306, 371 f. copyright …”

Kuo-Wei Wu, Shun-Ling Chen, Poren Chiang „Open with Caution“. How Taiwan Approaches Platform Governance in the Global Market and Geopolitics S. 165-186

„… citizens who supported Hong Kong protesters on social media platforms for violating this law. When a …” „… (Taiwan), https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass /LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0170001. 48 “Android Market Business and …” „… , S.J.D, Harvard Law School; Associate Research Professor and Co-Director of the Information Law Center …”

Enni Ala-Mikkula The Role of Occupational Safety and Health Legislation in Hate Speech Regulation. Employers’ responsibility to prevent and respond to the risk of hate speech at work – the Finnish perspective S. 489-506

„… Finnish OSHA has its basis in EU law and is built on similar objectives and requirements to EU directives …” „… . Keywords: hate speech, online hate, cyber hate, social media, occupational safety and health, work, risk …” „… criminal law but for other fields of law as well. One of these fields facing new challenges is occupational …”

Elda Brogi, Konrad Bleyer-Simon Disinformation in the Perspective of Media Pluralism in Europe – the role of platforms S. 531-548

„… Disinformation in the Perspective of Media Pluralism in Europe – the role of platforms1 Elda Brogi …” „… , Konrad Bleyer-Simon Abstract: Media freedom and media pluralism are recognised as pillars of contemporary …” „… democracies. Technological advancements have not only created new opportunities to boost media freedom and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… . The volume is the product of the Institute for Telecommunications and Media Law at the University of …” „… Recht und Digitalisierung | Digitization and the Law 1 Bayer | Holznagel | Korpisaari | Woods (eds …” „… .) Perspectives on Platform Regulation Concepts and Models of Social Media Governance Across the Globe Recht …”

Mårten Schultz Six Problems with Facebook’s Oversight Board. Not enough contract law, too much human rights. S. 145-164

„… Six Problems with Facebook’s Oversight Board. Not enough contract law, too much human rights …” „… institution and gave it the power to overrule its decisions and build its own “case law” it also established …” „… rights in social media.3 This makes it even more important to early on address issues where the project …”

Trisha Meyer, Alexandre Alaphilippe Platform (un)accountability. Reviewing Platform Responses to the Global Disinfodemic One Year Onward S. 507-530

„… That Shape Social Media (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018). 16 Lawrence Lessig, Code: And Other …” „… in Divided Times (New York: Basic Books, 2020). 509 of expression, media and information literacy …” „… professionals and TikTok co-produced media and information literacy videos. 2 Julie Posetti and Kalina Bontcheva …”

Izumi Aizu Digital Platform Regulation in Japan – does the soft approach work? S. 187-214

„… international community such as the United Nations that led to a new law, Hate Speech Elimination Act (HSEA) in …” „… in Japan, often more visible over the Internet and in social media. Many Korean residents feel …” „… proactively started to lobby both domestic law and policy makers as well as international organisations such …”

Maximilian Hemmert-Halswick Lessons learned from the first years with the NetzDG S. 415-432

„… lawmakers have done pioneering work with the Network Enforcement Act. This law makes specific compliance …” „… . Criticism was particularly strong at the beginning, but the law now seems to have taken its place in the …” „… field of platform regulation. Three years after its enactment, the law underwent an amendment process …”

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