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Detlef Horster, Franziska Martinsen - Alle Macht den Städten?

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Detlef Horster (ed.), Franziska Martinsen (ed.)

Alle Macht den Städten?

2016

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Benjamin Barber Mayors Ruled the World S. 45-55

„… 45 Benjamin Barber If Mayors Ruled the World My theme tonight is very much in the spirit of Hannah …” „… around the world 47 IF MAYORS RULED THE WORLD on the waterways and trade routes on which cities are …” „… institution that is 400 years old: the 49 IF MAYORS RULED THE WORLD nation state. An institution that is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-5

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Benjamin Barber If Mayors Ruled the World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 …”

Die Autorinnen und Autoren S. 109-112

„… Deutschland tätig. Jüngste Buchpublikationen: If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748926597

Caroline Y. Robertson-von Trotha - NationEUrope

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Caroline Y. Robertson-von Trotha (ed.)

NationEUrope

Series: Kulturwissenschaft interdisziplinär

Volume 11 2018

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Benjamin R. Barber Mayors Ruling the World: A Global Parliament of Mayors? S. 71-78

„… 71 Mayors Ruling the World: A Global Parliament of Mayors? Benjamin R. Barber1 We have reached the …” „… publication. It is also partly based on Benjamin Barber: The Rise of Cities and a Global Parliament of Mayors …” „… :// citiesspeak.org/2016/01/22/the-rise-of-cities-and-a-global-parliament-of-mayors [31.01.2018]. 2 Cf. The World Bank …”

Peter Murray Civil Society and Civic Change S. 79-86

„… , we published a report on our findings for the then-Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, in which we …” „… London is – currently – making clear progress, and the then-Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, was given a …” „… Mayor of London Sadiq Khan published his draft ‘Transport Strategy’ in June 2017. This proposes an …”

About the Authors S. 221-232

„… , among many other political leaders. His recent work connected him with mayors, political advisors, and …” „… intercity associations around the world, propelling the development of a Global Parliament of Mayors …” „… Fix for Global Warming, New Haven 2017 If Mayors Ruled the World. Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Europe’s Regions Must Be Politically Anchored 57 Benjamin R. Barber Mayors Ruling …” „… the World: A Global Parliament of Mayors? 71 Peter Murray Civil Society and Civic …”

Preface S. 7-8

„… for the realisation of a global parliament of mayors, a wide range of themes is discussed. A crucial …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845285900

Jörg Kemmerzell, Michèle Knodt, Anne Tews - Städte und Energiepolitik im europäischen Mehrebenensystem

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Jörg Kemmerzell (ed.), Michèle Knodt (ed.), Anne Tews (ed.)

Städte und Energiepolitik im europäischen Mehrebenensystem

Series: Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V.

Volume 95 2016

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Lena Bendlin Cities’ views and ownership of the Covenant of Mayors S. 101-124

„… of the Covenant of Mayors1 Lena Bendlin The Covenant of Mayors aims to stimulate sustainable energy …” „… , competitiveness, and energy security (Knodt/Piefer 2014, 225ff.) – the Covenant of Mayors emphasizes …” „… reduction objectives. Since its relaunch in October 2015, the focus of the Covenant of Mayors has been …”

Nikolas D. Müller, Marina Hofmann, Andreas Pfnür Europäische Energie- und Klimapolitik für den lokalen Gebäudesektor. Freiräume und Restriktionen aus immobilienwirtschaftlicher Perspektive S. 175-198

„… Schlüssel“ zum Erreichen der Energie- und Klimaschutzziele (Covenant of Mayors 2016, 8; Die Bundesregierung …” „… ). Covenant of MayorMayors 2016: Reducing Energy Dependence in European Cities. Covenant of MayorMayors. dena …”

Marc Ringel Der Beitrag von Städten zur europäischen Energiepolitik. Das Beispiel Energieeffizienz S. 71-100

„… Konvent der Bürgermeister (Covenant of Mayors, CoM) gegründet (siehe auch den Beitrag von Bendlin in …” „… Gemeinsame Forschungsstelle der Europäischen Kommission (Joint Research Center, JRC) (Covenant of Mayors 2015 …” „… . Zum einen wurde die 2014 gestartete Initiative „Mayors Adapt“ in den Konvent integriert. Zum anderen …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Mehrebenensystem Teil II: Cities’ views and ownership of the Covenant of Mayors 103 Lena Bendlin Diffusion von …”

Martin Jänicke, Rainer Quitzow Wirtschaftliche Interessen in der europäischen Klima- und Energiepolitik. Entwicklungstendenzen unterhalb der nationalen Ebene S. 45-70

„… Mayors in Figures 5-Year Assessment, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy. Danish Energy Agency 2015: Key …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845262390

Florian Ade - Local public choice: five essays on fiscal policy, interest rates, and elections

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Florian Ade

Local public choice: five essays on fiscal policy, interest rates, and elections

Series: Neue Studien zur Politischen Ökonomie

Volume 11 2013

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Effect of the mayor’s political identity on subsequent town council elections S. 69-75

„… the mayor’sparty would lose support. As pointed out by Alesina and Rosenthal (1995), timingmight be of …” „… ofthe threshold.In the analysis of the effect of the mayor position on subsequent town council …” „… only on simultaneous mayor and council elections while Design 2 is basedon asynchronous elections. The …”

Effect of the mayor’s political identity on elections for higher levels of government S. 75-76

„… effects of the town council election onthe second ballot (run-off) election for the mayor.Specifically, we …” „… 2.5.2 Effect of the mayor’s political identity on elections for higher levels ofgovernmentIn table …” „… 2.4 we highlight the effects of the mayor position on elections in higher tiers.In particular, we …”

Reforms in the 1990s as a natural experiment S. 32-35

„… majority – with the mayor’svote being pivotal in a tie (both pre- and post reform). The mayor decides on …” „… whenever theterm of the predecessor12 of the first mayor elected by the people ended at the sametime in all …” „… mayor’s position (Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg already had directlyelectedmayors), five states used the …”

RDD validity and robustness tests S. 78-80

„… mayorsin subsequent mayor elections. The argument is based on a similar design using closeelections. He …” „… the mayor elections.29 We find that in this specification the effect of the town councilelection …” „… perfectly stable if we include further informationon the first-round mayor election such as the distance to …”

Simultaneous endogenous decision making S. 135-138

„… , namely whether the mayor is workingpart-time or full-time.In figure 4.2 in the appendix we highlight the …” „… share of full-time mayors over the population distribution. The vertical lines indicate the population …” „… sample.Using the same estimation setup, we use the analysis to predict the mayor status (seetable 4.4). If …”

Introduction S. 55-61

„… percentage points for the probability of reelection. For German mayors,Freier (2011) also documents a …” „… influence the vote in ensuing higher level elections?; and (3) Do voters condition their vote for the mayor …” „… mayor can receive a bonus of 4–6 percentage points in vote share in the next town council …”

Effect of town council elections on run-off mayoral elections S. 76-78

„… (run-off) election for the mayor.Specifically, we investigate whether the vote shares in the town council …” „… that there is no incumbency externality of the mayor’s office at these levels. We assume that voters do …” „… exclude that specific statedifferences are driving our results on the mayor’s effect on town council …”

Local constitutional economics for Germany S. 26-29

„… election of the mayor in Lower Saxony on local governmentexpenditures and the same authors (2010b …” „… election of mayors by general election (instead of election by themunicipal council) in the state of …” „… directelection of the mayor reduced the growth in per capita spending by 22 euros. AnotherOLS regression yields …”

Voting system and rules S. 61-63

„… mayorsin Brandenburg) the elections for mayor and council are held on the same day. Wedenote these states …” „… thefirst round of themayor election. Thereby, we can exclude unobservable characteristics(individual mayor …” „… have different term lengths for the mayor and the council election whereas in small communitiesthe term …”

Conclusions S. 139-148

„… mayor work full instead of part time. Whenwe include the information on the status of the mayor the …” „… mayors over the population distribution (in 1984)0.2.4.6.81Share of municipalities with full?time mayor0 …” „… 5000 10000 15000populationNotes: This figure illustrates the share of full-time mayors over the …”

Local government S. 63-64

„… non-salaried mayorsin Brandenburg) the elections for mayor and council are held on the same day. Wedenote these …” „… the mayor and the council are identical. In these states (Bavaria, Thuringia, and in communities with …” „… introduced the direct election of the mayor only in the 1990s. When doing this the communities had to honor …”

Conclusions S. 80-88

„… there is no significant difference between the estimates for full-time mayors only andthe estimates …” „… full-time mayors, indicating that a differences between thedesigns might be even larger.Moreover, for the …” „… mayor and town council will have to governtogether. For some observations this time period is only one …”

Summary and conclusions S. 46-54

„… smallersample. They confirm the negative influence and the magnitude of the direct electionof the mayor on the …” „… property tax on non-agricultural land. They also give a clearindication that direct election of the mayor …” „… election of the mayor and can be regarded asa switch from a parliamentary to a presidential system. I drew …”

Data and descriptive statistics S. 64-67

„… percentof all state employees work for municipalities.17The mayor and the council jointly govern the …” „… decisions of both legislative and administrative quality. It follows that, on theone hand, the mayor needs …” „… council majority will have a hard time pushingthrough projects against the will of the mayor. This is true …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Effect of the mayor’s political identity on subsequent towncouncil elections 702.5.2 Effect of the …” „… mayor’s political identity on elections for higherlevels of government 752.5.3 Effect of town council …” „… variables 1214.1 RDD validity – frequency check 1394.2 Share of full-time mayors over the population …”

General introduction S. 13-20

„… of roughly 12,500 municipalities governed by locally elected municipality councils and mayors. In …” „… differencefor spending and taxes if mayors are elected by the voting public or by city councilmembers. The …” „… elected mayors resemble a presidential system and those with council-elected mayors a parliamentary one …”

Empirical model and methodology S. 67-69

„… exclude elections pairs with extreme mayor elections (more than 60 percent margin ofvictory …” „… the mayor incumbency of a party. We denotetreatment with the dummy variable dpi,t , where i refers to …” „… mayor on the electionresults in the following town council election for her party. Secondly, we …”

Single constitution dummy S. 35-36

„… Common elements of the reforms in the three statesAll three states switched from a mayor elected …” „… the horizontal separation of power between the mayor and the council were not changed in any of …” „… thethree states. The mayor’s direct election and the fact that she can only be recalledthrough a referendum …”

Hypotheses S. 37-38

„… government spending is lower when the mayor is elected bythe people instead of by the council. This …” „… insystems with a higher degree of presidentialism, i.e. when the mayor is elected by thepeople. This is due …” „… . There is a secondreason why spending on personnel is a promising variable: the mayor is in charge ofthe …”

Sensitivity analysis S. 44-46

„… mayor is aligned with the term of the council and both elections are heldat the same time. Hence, in all …” „… these municipalities, the first general mayor electionoccurred in the same year – 1994 (no phasing-in)21 …” „… the introduction ofthe direct mayor election was exogenous to these municipalities too – as it was to …”

Data S. 38-41

„… mayor will therefore always try to create a positive spirit among his staff – e.g. through wages, actual …” „… areas where the mayors can use tax cuts for gaining votes.This is particularly the case for the property …” „… municipalities mayors are elected on joint dates with the council andhence all held their first general mayor …”

Importance of simultaneous exogenous co-treatment S. 132-135

„… municipality budget and the status of the town mayor (part-time orfull-time).13 The result section is split …” „… , namely whether the mayor is workingpart-time or full-time.In figure 4.2 in the appendix we highlight the …” „… share of full-time mayors over the population distribution. The vertical lines indicate the population …”

Local constitutions S. 31-32

„… Constitution, the Magistrate Constitution, the Mayor Constitution, and the South German Council Constitution …” „… . This classification is derived fromtwo key features of the constitutions: howmuch power the mayor has …” „… , as defined by theconstitution, and how independent the mayor is from other players in the local …”

Levels of local government in Germany S. 29-30

„… effect for independent mayors. Looking at different spending categories they find thatthe reform …” „… increases social security spending when a party mayor was in place andreduced social, administrative, and …” „… cultural spending when an independent mayor wasin place.In their second study, the same authors (2010b …”

Adjustment effects S. 36-37

„… could think of either a council wishing to hand oversolid finances to the first directly elected mayor …” „… number of projects before a directly elected mayor may make this moredifficult. To capture for these …” „… ). hitl are six dummies(l = 1...6) identifying the distance to the first election of the mayor for each …”

Adjustment effects S. 43-44

„… mayor is interested in motivatinghis staff through promotions, additional officers, etc. as she urgently …” „… constitution lowered the tradetax knowing that a mayor would be elected soon. Looking at the constitution …” „… in Rhineland-Palatinate so far. In these municipalitiesthe term of the mayor is aligned with the term …”

Institutional setting S. 129-132

„… mayors x x x x x x xWage of part-time mayors x x xFull-time council members xPetition for referendum x x …” „… x x xReferendum quota x xCity districts xOpen council x xAccounting committee xMayor status x xPanel …” „… mayor10and a detailed regulation concerning local referendums. The requirements to bring aproposed …”

Single constitution dummy S. 41-43

„… the mayor on the three key localtax rates, the trade tax, the property tax A (on agricultural land …” „… mayor. This is unlikelyto be true as the post filled by the directly elected mayor existed before the …” „… not show a significant influence of the direct election of the mayor. The additional covariates …”

Introduction S. 21-23

„… . In particular, I investigate the economic effects of the direct electionof the mayor on spending and …” „… Smart, 2008, 2010b) explore the effects of the direct election of the mayor inLower Saxony on government …” „… the reform the voters only directly elected the city council,which then elected the mayor. This …”

Responsibilities, autonomy, and taxing power S. 30-31

„… Constitution, the Mayor Constitution, and the South German Council Constitution. This classification is derived …” „… fromtwo key features of the constitutions: howmuch power the mayor has, as defined by theconstitution, and …” „… how independent the mayor is from other players in the local arena(council, committees). However …”

Manipulation of the population numbers around the thresholds S. 138-139

„… mayor that administers the local administration.4.4.3 Manipulation of the population numbers around the …” „… important predetermined variables such as total expenditures the yearbefore the election and mayor status …”

Horizontal separation of powers S. 23-26

„… directly elected the city council,which then elected the mayor. This changed drastically the horizontal …” „… switch, I find that the direct election of the mayor reduced the property taxon non-agricultural land and …”

Introduction S. 123-126

„… involve, for example, the nature of the mayor position (full-time orpart-time) as well as what new tasks …” „… (2010) with information on onesuch endogenous decision (work status of the mayor) and no longer find a …”

Introduction S. 89-92

„… ) study the effects of incumbency for US mayors. They find an effectof incumbency on the probability of …” „… closelyrelated to theirs. For local mayors in Germany, Freier (2011) estimates an effect of38–40 percentage …”

Bibliography S. 173-182

„… the electoral advantage for incumbent mayors,” DIW Discussion Paper,1147.F, R., C. O (2011): “Do …” „… Advantage in Brazil: Evidence from MunicipalMayor Elections,” University of Michigan Working Paper.T, R. D …”

Identifying assumptions S. 127-129

„… whether the next mayor will be part- or fulltime and / or whether the local authorities will be …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246390

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Ehud Olmert

Searching for Peace

2022

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Mayor of the Eternally Divided City S. 106-127

„… really been inter-ested in local politics, the city of Jerusalem was another matter. Being mayor of …” „… distinct neighborhoods— Olmert_Searching for Peace_ab_i-viii_1_352.indd 106 11/29/21 3:09 PM107Mayor of …” „… nation on earth. For Jews, it is the focus of thousands of years of longing. Being the mayor of Jerusalem …”

Jerusalem of Blood S. 128-171

„… for the UN Security Council. Any demolition in the Arab sector triggered global condemnation. As mayor …” „… it wasn’t a district police commander but the elected mayor of the city. I warned him that if he ever …” „… a good, open working relationship. Because I was mayor of such a sensitive city, he had good reason …”

Preface

„… party, serving in national government before being elected mayor of Jerusalem in 1993. Although a child …” „… secret strike that destroyed Syria’s nuclear reactor. Olmert also served as Mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 …” „… the party, serving in national government before being elected mayor of Jerusalem in 1993. Although a …”

The Road to Balfour Street S. 172-199

„… unthinkable that a mayor Olmert_Searching for Peace_ab_i-viii_1_352.indd 156 11/29/21 3:09 PM157The Road …” „… ? Or was this just his way of sweet- talking me into leaving the mayor’s office and joining his …” „… , if elected, would resign as mayor of Jerusalem. Arik asked me to act as campaign chairman. I worked …”

Index S. 353-0

„… along Ha’anafa Street, 145; Western Wall Tunnel, riots over, 136–37. See also Mayor of Jerusalem …” „… , 248–49Klifi, Meir, 242–43, 257Knesset: Camp David Accords and, 65–67; First Knesset, 43; mayors required …” „… to make decisions, 24; Jerusalem mayor elec-tion and, 108–10; launch of, 51–52; Mizrahi voters and …”

The View from Cellblock 10 S. 1-26

„… earlier terms as mayor of Jerusalem or as minister of industry and trade— evidence that, I am convinced …” „… run for mayor of the city of Ra’anana, had brought him to financial ruin, and, consequently, into …” „… of the development projects we had done when I was mayor. We were friendlier than was normal for a …”

There's More than One Way to Assassinate a Prime Minister S. 315-333

„… investigator (PI) is speaking with a businessman who had deal-ings with the municipality when I was mayor of …” „… political right in Israel.I got to know him a bit when I was mayor of Jerusalem. He would bring delegations …”

The Promised Land S. 285-314

„… time, the mayor of Jerusalem and not a member of government. I did share my thoughts privately with …” „… Peace_ab_i-viii_1_352.indd 296 11/29/21 3:09 PM297The Promised LandI had been mayor of Jerusalem and knew it …”

The Truth about the Second Lebanon War S. 224-252

„… Kadima faction in the Knesset. We also invited mayors of northern towns. Some of them asked to say a few …” „… words at the beginning of the meeting. Among them was Shlomo Buhbut, mayor of Maalot- Tarshiha. “We need …”

Prime Minister of the State of Israel S. 200-223

„… fifty states, and you were a mayor. Now I’m president and you’re prime minister.”He asked me about …”

In the Beginning S. 27-52

„… con-ference was Avraham Shekhterman, the deputy mayor of Tel Aviv who would later become a member of Knesset …”

From the Backbenches to the Front Page S. 53-78

„… one of Shamir’s most loyal supporters and would later leave the Knesset to become mayor of Tel Aviv …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815738930

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