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Regine Qualmann - South Africa's Reintegration into World and Regional Markets

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Regine Qualmann

South Africa's Reintegration into World and Regional Markets

Series: Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik

Volume 3 2008

Results in this title

Multilateral Liberalization of Trade S. 34-41

„… out in 1991, comprehensive trade liberalization only came into force under the new government …” „… be discussed in more detail below. 2.1 Multilateral Liberalization of Trade Trade barriers have been …” „… normalization of the formerly distorted pattern of trade, that is, increasing trade liberalization will (i …”

Intra-Industry Trade, Trade Liberalization and the Labour Market S. 90-91

„… , Trade Liberalization and the Labour Market How then does the presence of intra-industry trade, and …” „… liberalization may thus in fact push a country towards the type of specialization on products of the same …” „… integration has been dedicated to this theme, that is that adjustment to trade liberalization in IIT may …”

The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Relative Factor Prices S. 67-73

„… Africa's increased openness to trade. Accordingly, the standard effects of trade liberalization as …” „… 5.1 The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Relative Factor Prices As discussed above, some of the …”

Regional Integration and Bilateral Preferential Trade Agreements S. 41-47

„… liberalization schedules. The lower part of the Table shows South Africa's ad valorem protection rates against …” „… faced much lower ad valorem rates before any preferential trade liberalization has begun. 42 2.2.1 …” „… committed itself to an asymmetric liberalization arrangement. Accordingly, the proposed tariff phase-out …”

Summary S. 15-22

„… Africa and the role played in it by trade liberalization. Under the Mbeki government the course of trade …” „… liberalization hesitantly adopted in the early 1990s has been accelerated, in particular with a view to boosting …” „… capital-intensive sectors like the chemical and automotive 16 industries that have benefited from liberalization …”

Conclusions on the Implications of Recent Shifts in Trade Policy for the Pattern of Trade S. 47-48

„… sectors. Within the manufacturing sector, however, no clear factor bias of liberalization and current …” „… very recently, and liberalization may not show any effect until much later. Second, both FTAs with the …” „… frame of liberalization and comprehensive coverage of industrial products on the side of the EU. However …”

Trade Creation, Trade Diversion, and Potential Dynamic Effects of Trade Agreements: Review of Previous Literature and Implications S. 163-167

„… industrialization on the other, what can be expected from trade liberalization within the region? And taking …” „… to multilateral trade liberalization. In addition to the static effects, dynamic effects resulting …” „… regional arrangements successive rounds on multilateral trade liberalization plus structural adjustment …”

Overview of the Economy and Recent Economic Policy S. 23-32

„… liberalization, South Africa became a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) immediately …” „… liberalization, and research on the links between trade and employment has been stimulated but no consensus has …” „… accelerated trade liberalization has had an important effect on the emerging pattern of trade and …”

Problem Statement, Objectives and Structure of the Analysis S. 32-34

„… ? The role and contribution of trade liberalization to industrialization, to income generation and …” „… , accompanied by a number of internal reforms directed at the liberalization of factor markets and at overcoming …” „… multilateral sanctions were phased out in 1991, comprehensive trade liberalization only came into force under …”

Bibliography S. 181-196

„… .), Regional Integration and Trade Liberalization in SSA, Vol.1: Framework, Issues and Methokolgical …” „… ): Trade Liberalization and the Global Integration of the South African Automotive Industry, in: Trade …” „… Integration and Trade Liberalization in Sub-Saharan Africa, Vol. 2: Country Case Studies, London: Palgrave …”

Hypotheses for the Empirical Analysis: What Theory Predicts S. 100-103

„… country's abundant factor intensively when opening up for trade, the effects of trade liberalization on …” „… differentiation in the event of trade liberalization have been stressed, and the pro-competitive effects of …” „… . It is therefore expected that trade liberalization will mainly and positively impact on demand and …”

Recent Shifts in the Geographical Distribution and Composition of Trade S. 48-54

„… 48 With respect to the South African side, owing to back-loading of the liberalization measures …” „… view, as closer integration of production networks in conjunction with trade liberalization and …” „… South Africa's economically dominant position in the region. Back-loading of liberalization on the side …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… University graduates for a career in teh field of development policy.2.AuflageTrade Liberalization and …” „… Trade Policy 34 2.1 Multilateral Liberalization of Trade 34 2.1.1 Sectoral Differences of Tariff …” „… Abundance of Factors as the Main Determinant of Trade 67 5.1 The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Relative …”

Trade Diversion, Trade Creation and Beyond S. 92-96

„… limited home market. The home market effect diminishes with increasing liberalization of trade …” „… liberalization on intra- and inter-regional trade flows, i.e. the well-known effects of trade creation and trade …” „… free trade arrangement among two or more countries and multilateral trade liberalization is that the …”

The Role of Comparative Advantages, Scale Economies, and Implications for the Location of Industries S. 167-169

„… , selective liberalization of only capital goods for instance, would not have the same productivity …” „… stimulating effect than a swift and acrossthe board trade liberalization. In other words, it is not only …” „… liberalization were not phased over such a long period as currently envisaged (10–12 years). 12.4 The Role of …”

The Changing Factor Intensity of South Africa's Pattern of Trade and Specialization S. 128-134

„… age capital-labour ratios have actually further increased in the recent phase of trade liberalization …” „… the recent phase of accelerated liberalization might have contributed to the observed specialization …” „… of accelerated liberalization. Two groups stand out, namely non-electrical machinery and equipment as …”

Changing Patterns of Inter- and Intra-Industry Trade S. 150-159

„… . In the recent phase of accelerated trade liberalization, the share of intra-industry trade in total …” „… of IIT. Finally, there are indications that the costs of adjustment to trade liberalization may have …” „… liberalization (Balassa and Bauwens 1988, 6). First, it is assumed that the extent of IIT is positively …”

Conclusions and Implications of the New Trade Theory S. 91-92

„… pre-liberalization share of inter-industry trade, and the smaller the one of horizontal IIT. Vertical IIT would …” „… advantage. Both scale economies and market structures are affected by trade liberalization. Theory suggests …” „… increasing liberalization of trade. International trade is characterised by a large and increasing share of …”

Implications of South Africa's Free Trade Agreements with SADC and the EU S. 169-171

„… multilateral liberalization efforts in the region continue. If it wants to keep its position in the regional …” „… liberalization. From the South African perspective, the country is likely to benefit from trade creation and …” „… with South Africa. In sum, while trade liberalization within SADC may in fact offer interesting trade …”

Implications of the Emerging Pattern of Specialization for the Labour Market S. 176-178

„… defined 'developing countries'. Contrary to standard assumptions, trade liberalization may result in a …” „… liberalization, and they would also need to overcome the old approach of industry specific financial incentives …” „… and supply-side support measures. Trade liberalization and the positive growth effects from trade …”

Intra-Industry Trade and Vertical Specialization: The Role of Factor Endowments Again S. 88-90

„… Intra-Industry Trade, Trade Liberalization and the Labour Market How then does the presence of intra-industry …” „… following trade liberalization may thus in fact push a country towards the type of specialization on …” „… liberalization in IIT may involve far lower adjustment costs in terms of wages and employment than in …”

Recent Shifts in the Regional Pattern of Trade and Specialization S. 160-163

„… implementation of preferential trade liberalization within SADC. However, trade flows have evolved with a clear …” „… industrialization on the other, what can be expected from trade liberalization within the region? And taking …” „… to multilateral trade liberalization. In addition to the static effects, dynamic effects resulting …”

More Factors, More Goods, More Countries S. 80-84

„… liberalization by a tariff cut, but this time with rigid wages, 2. the general case of an increase of the …” „… groups, then the lion's share of the adjustment burden induced by trade liberalization might have been …” „… to illustrate and test for the impact of trade liberalization on labour demand in a case with n goods …”

Shifts in the Pattern of Trade as Indicated by Revealed Comparative Advantage S. 139-150

„… accelerated pace since trade liberalization. Third, specialization is increasing in some of the more …” „… liberalization, South African exporters were apparently able to specialize further in industries characterised by …” „… trade liberalization. Third, the analysis at the country and trading partner group level has indicated …”

Trade Openness, Wages and the Case of a Non-Clearing Labour Market S. 75-80

„… the implications of trade liberalization between countries of very different endowments are analyzed …” „… liberalization by a tariff cut, but this time with rigid wages, 2. the general case of an increase of the …” „… groups, then the lion's share of the adjustment burden induced by trade liberalization might have been …”

Conclusions and Implications of Comparative Advantage Theory S. 84-85

„… be carried by labour in the event of trade liberalization will be the greater the more rigid the wage …” „… such cases trade liberalization will increase the pressure on the labour market, potentially resulting …”

Stylised Facts on Trade and Production in the SADC Region S. 159-160

„… further trade liberalization between South Africa and the two Latin American countries studied here will …” „… , these increases have taken place before the implementation of preferential trade liberalization within …”

Introduction S. 65-67

„… the prediction, whereas on the other, in many Latin American countries, trade liberalization since the …” „… Africa's increased openness to trade. Accordingly, the standard effects of trade liberalization as …”

Policy Implications and Outlook S. 178-180

„… liberalization, and they would also need to overcome the old approach of industry specific financial incentives …” „… and supply-side support measures. Trade liberalization and the positive growth effects from trade …”

Indications of Increasing Trade Openness and Structural Shifts in the Post-Apartheid Period: Descriptive Evidence S. 59-63

„… the demise of the apartheid regime and beginning of trade liberalization was characterised by strong …” „… trade liberalization will result in a higher labour intensity of the specialization pattern. Figure 7 …”

Economies of Scale, Monopolistic Competition, and Market Segmentation S. 85-88

„… be carried by labour in the event of trade liberalization will be the greater the more rigid the wage …” „… such cases trade liberalization will increase the pressure on the labour market, potentially resulting …”

Summary of Findings on South Africa's Emerging Pattern of Trade and Specialization S. 172-176

„… capital-intensity in the phase of trade liberalization. This finding was counterintuitive, given the high rate of …” „… generically defined 'developing countries'. Contrary to standard assumptions, trade liberalization may result …”

Composition and Factor Intensity of Trade with Respect to Different Trading Partners S. 134-139

„… Africa's external trade has so far evolved quite differently since trade liberalization than trade …” „… four shifts in the composition of trade flows following South Africa's recent liberalization of trade …”

Introduction S. 104-105

„… Africa's external trade relations underwent substantial changes, including the liberalization of its …”

Different Types of Trading Blocs and Potential Implications of 'Hub-and-Spoke' Arrangements S. 96-97

„… liberalization efforts between the spokes may 46 The picture …”

Theoretical Backing of the Gravity-Approach S. 106-107

„… ), of economic transition and trade liberalization in Eastern Europe (Havrylyshyn and Pritchett 1991 …”

Relaxing the Assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Model S. 73-75

„… liberalization between countries of very different endowments are analyzed, that is, at different stages of …”

Inhibited Trade in the Apartheid Era S. 54-59

„… Evidence The period right after the demise of the apartheid regime and beginning of trade liberalization …”

Recent Applications of the Gravity Model and Implications for the Present Analysis S. 107-111

„… ), of economic transition and trade liberalization in Eastern Europe (Havrylyshyn and Pritchett 1991 …”

Model Specification and Estimation S. 111-128

„… Simulation and Predictions from the Gravity Model Accelerated trade liberalization and the dismantling of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205922

André Ufer - Rethinking Good Governance in Developing Economies

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André Ufer

Rethinking Good Governance in Developing Economies

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Volkswirtschaftslehre

Volume 1 2008

Results in this title

Liberalization and Politization S. 163-166

„… 1637.2.2 Liberalization and PolitizationInstead, this lack of control over capital imports ask for …” „… foreign exchange reserves. However, after the introduction of the liberalization programme, responsibility …” „… and damaging behaviour were not new, liberalization raised the general level of funds involved, and …”

Liberalization and Rent-Seeking S. 156-163

„… 2001, pp.89, 100). 7.2 The Era of Liberalization This section sets out to explain the introduction of …” „… liberalization in Thailand, and analyses the consequences given the institutional framework presented in the …” „… governed economy, whose export sector is already in decline. In general, fi nancial liberalization further …”

Liberalization, Patron-Client Networks and Distributive Conflicts S. 166-170

„… Liberalization, Patron-Client Networks and Distributive Confl ictsThe unchanged institutional framework of …” „… previous governments to introduce concepts of liberalization in the goods markets were scrapped. For …” „… . When Banharn was ousted, brought about by a move from pro-liberalization and globalization capital, the …”

The Situation in the Early 1990s S. 155-156

„… 1557. Failed Governance of Liberalization and Collective Action Problems in the 1990sThis chapter …” „… capacities during times of liberalization. It will be demonstrated that liberalization amplifi ed the effects …” „… 2001, pp.89, 100). 7.2 The Era of Liberalization This section sets out to explain the introduction of …”

Abbreviations S. 7-13

„… 08:03:5108.09.2008 08:03:597. Failed Governance of Liberalization and Collective Action Problems in the 1990s …” „… 1557.1 The Situation in the Early 1990s 1557.2 The Era of Liberalization 1567.2.1 Liberalization and …” „… Rent-Seeking 1587.2.2 Liberalization and Politization 1637.2.3 Liberalization, Patron-Client Networks and …”

Methodology and Structure S. 19-26

„… being captured by a small elite (Olson 2000)3. Privatization and liberalization have also produced mixed …” „… liberalization). For example, the case study will demonstrate that private capital does not automatically or …” „… population is politically and economically controlled by rural magnates. Finally, liberalization, especially …”

The Origins and Economic Rationale of Good Governance S. 27-31

„… low levels of performance of developing countries, especially when liberalization reforms turned out …” „… as liberalization and privatization programmes would ensure stable property rights and together with …” „… programs involving liberalization, reforms of the civil service, ‘rightsizing the state’, and privatization …”

New Political Economy S. 45-49

„… italics). The concepts of liberalization, privatization and the phasing out of state-created subsidies and …” „… privatization and liberalization programmes, especially in the UK and the US under Thatcher and Reagan …” „… underpinning of structural adjustment policies by the World Bank and the IMF in the 1980s. Liberalization of …”

The Changing Role of Governance in Thailand S. 35-40

„… liberalization, deregulation and decentralization also does not need to be effective in all aspects. It needs to …” „… financial liberalization (from early 1990s) Institutional structure Clientilist Technology Medium-value …” „… democratization and liberalization; note however that confl icts are now largely focused within the private …”

The Economic Performance under Thaksin S. 180-188

„… various protection measures, even in the mid-1990s, when the tendency for market liberalization was …” „… clearly an applied version of the principle 103 Even though fi nancial capital supported liberalization …” „… , it did so only as far as it concerned the liberalization of the current account and removals from …”

The Emergence of Good Governance Reform in Thailand after 1997 S. 31-35

„… fi ttest survive. Concerning dynamic gains from liberalization, neoclassical advocates promised a …” „… liberalization brings with it the possibilities of acquiring them quickly. At this point it can be demonstrated …” „… agents, which in turn calls for liberalization, privatization and deregulation of goods markets, fi …”

Good Governance on the World Bank Agenda S. 53-57

„… core dimensions of Good Governance • Privatization and liberalization programmes …” „… - and fi nancial liberalization, privatization and deregulation of the goods markets. Industrial policy …”

Rethinking Good Governance S. 171-180

„… demonstrated by the negative role of liberalization in Thailand in the 1990s. The same is true when …” „… no guarantee that without a concise underlying industrial policy, liberalization will not only create …” „… measures, even in the mid-1990s, when the tendency for market liberalization was highest (ibid). 102 He …”

The Consequences: The Crisis of Technology and Declining International Competitiveness S. 145-154

„… any option, but uncoordinated integration under liberalization schemes proved to be too risky …” „… pattern proved also incapable of managing fi nancial liberalization, which was introduced from the …”

Preface S. 5-6

„… will become evident that the concept of “liberalization cum good governance” (which is in principle the …”

Governance, Class Structure, Institutional Change and Development S. 57-70

„… liberalization and FDI and its relationship to development.What follows now is a general application of this …” „… for his shock therapy liberalization programme in the 1990s (Nesvetailova 2005). Ufer_Layout.indd …”

New Institutional Economics S. 49-53

„… , liberalization of the capital account and of the domestic fi nancial market, and extended programmes of …”

The Institutional Structure of the Open Economy S. 127-131

„… 1), democracy, liberalization and various other forms of “openness” require the existence of a …”

Governance of Structural Change and Microeconomic Coordination Problems: Problems and Costs of Acquisition of Technology S. 73-78

„… ). By reducing the states role through various liberalization- and deregulation programmes however, the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845211589

Rainer Hofmann, Gabriele Tondl - The European Union and the WTO Doha Round

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Rainer Hofmann (ed.), Gabriele Tondl (ed.)

The European Union and the WTO Doha Round

Series: Schriften zur Europäischen Integration und Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung

Volume 5 2007

Results in this title

Günter Schamel Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Developing Countries S. 165-176

„… 165 Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Developing Countries Günter …” „… is to continue and the liberalization of agricultural markets has the highest priority during the …” „… who will benefit from further agricultural trade liberalization in the developing world and there are …”

Ursula Holzhauser Agricultural Trade Liberalization: Prospects and Consequences for European Policies S. 63-78

„… Services Patents Copyright Trademarks The Pillars of the WTO Agricultural Trade Liberalization …” „… ? The Agreement is promoting a fair trading system which shall be achieved through liberalization …” „… general list of those other topics includes improved market access for industrial goods, liberalization …”

Rudolf Adlung Services Liberalisation under the GATS: Two Souls Dwelling in Governments' Breasts? S. 9-26

„… 9 Services Liberalization under the GATS: Two Souls Dwelling in Governments' Breasts …” „… levels of liberalization envisaged for these sectors; and (iii) the limited improvements offered for …” „… they should."3 The current lack of genuine services liberalization or, at least, of meaningful …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… , WTO (Geneva), discussed the issues involved in “Services Liberalization under the GATS”; the most …” „… Liberalization and the Developing Countries”. In view of the fact that the next WTO Ministerial Conference …” „… Ursula Holzhauser Agricultural Trade Liberalization: Prospects and Consequences …”

Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann Transatlantic Leadership for Concluding the WTO’s ‘Development Round’? S. 139-164

„… Trade Organization (WTO), including worldwide liberalization and regulation of international trade and …” „… intergovernmental negotiations lead to progressive, reciprocal liberalization of national and foreign trade barriers …” „… by WTO dispute settlement proceedings aimed at unilateral liberalization of trade barriers or …”

Edwini Kessie The Doha Development Agenda after the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference: Narrowing the Gaps in Members’ Negotiating Positions S. 79-118

„… trade would result in gains four times larger than gains from liberalization of non-services trade.1 A …” „… Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round and the Doha Development Round, Discussion Paper 489, 2002 …” „… of liberalization shall take place with due respect for national policy objectives, the level of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845201382

Ozan Turhan - The Law and Policy of Rail Freight Transport in the European Union, Switzerland and Turkey

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Ozan Turhan

The Law and Policy of Rail Freight Transport in the European Union, Switzerland and Turkey

2012

Results in this title

Liberalization efforts between 1990 and 2000 S. 78-115

„… 78 III. Liberalization efforts between 1990 and 2000 Part of the problems the European railways …” „… from the Liberalization Process, in Geradin, The liberalization of electricity and natural gas in the …” „… gives most hope of success of the implementation of liberalization.274 There are a number of aspects to …”

Liberalization of the EU railways: 2000 and onwards S. 115-164

„… a truly ‘significant initiative’,431 as it held many promises in store for a future liberalization …” „… of the EU railways. IV. Liberalization of the EU railways: 2000 and onwards 1. First Railway Package …” „… of international freight transport. The Directive does not anymore refer to the liberalization of …”

Towards an internal market for transport S. 55-66

„… organized, transport system, with regulation on the EU instead of the national level. 198 3. Liberalization …” „… sectors were liberalized in the 1990s. An in-depth discussion of this liberalization process falls outside …” „… ), 1992 OJ L 364. 210 For a short but relatively in-depth discussion of the liberalization of the air …”

Table of contents S. 13-16

„… . Liberalization of sub-segments of the transport sector 60 A) Transport by inland waterways, road and air 61 B …” „… ) An overview of the liberalization of the rail transport market 63 IV. Appraisal 66 14 Chapter 2 …” „… . Liberalization efforts between 1990 and 2000 78 1. The function of Competition Policy in the EU Treaties 78 2 …”

Appraisal S. 66-71

„… process of which the details will be discussed in the next chapter. The liberalization of the rail freight …” „… research into the level of liberalization of the market for passenger transport by rail, most Member States …” „… use of railway infrastructure. 231 IBM Rail Liberalization Index 2011, Market Opening: Rail Markets …”

Summary S. 250-262

„… exhaustively, researched. Throughout the first and second part revitalization through liberalization of the …” „… railways has three dimensions, namely the liberalization of the rail transport market, or the establishment …” „… drafted to implement the EU legislation on the liberalization of the railways shows some serious flaws …”

Turkey as a cross-roads S. 168-213

„… foremost by the liberalization of the Turkish rail sector, as research has shown that substantial cost …” „… are, just like the European acquis communautaire, aimed at bringing about a liberalization of the …” „… Railway Framework Law and TCDD law with the EU acquis on the liberalization of the rail freight transport …”

Introduction S. 71-72

„… liberalization of the rail freight sector was a process that has taken an extraordinarily long time compared to …” „… , liberalization was seen as panacea for the creation of an efficient European rail transport sector that would …”

The European rail transport sector until 1990 S. 72-78

„… between 1991 and 2007. The liberalization of the rail freight sector was a process that has taken an …” „… of transport, liberalization was seen as panacea for the creation of an efficient European rail …” „… market, p. 45. 78 III. Liberalization efforts between 1990 and 2000 Part of the problems the European …”

The framework of the Common Transport Policy S. 24-55

„… Council should be the liberalization of the railway sector to the same degree as the other land transport …” „… , also Article 106(3) TFEU has served as a legal basis for the liberalization of (network-) industries …” „… for liberalization measures in the rail sector.74 The Treaty of Maastricht, establishing economic and …”

Kyoto flexible investment mechanisms and Turkey S. 231-250

„… revitalization through liberalization of the rail transport market has received most attention. In the first part …” „… . Conclusion was that the revitalization of the railways has three dimensions, namely the liberalization of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845240831

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Hans Petter Graver, Ola Mestad, Christoph Vedder - Agreement on the European Economic Area

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Finn Arnesen (ed.), Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen (ed.), Hans Petter Graver (ed.), Ola Mestad (ed.), Christoph Vedder (ed.)

Agreement on the European Economic Area

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

Results in this title

Henrik Bull Article 42 [Circumvention of capital movements liberalization] S. 489-490

„… liberalization] 1. Where domestic rules governing the capital market and the credit system are applied to the …” „… that it prohibited the circumvention of capital movements liberalization already achieved by applying …” „… the total liberalization of capital movements following from Dir. 88/361/EEC and Art. 40 EEA, such …”

Finn Arnesen Article 19 [Liberalization of trade in agricultural products] S. 337-338

„… measures.3 Article 19 [Liberalization of trade in agricultural products] 1. The Contracting Parties shall …” „… to achieving progressive liberalization of agricultural trade. 3. To this end, the Contracting …” „… Norberg et al ‘EEA Law’, p. 365. Article 19 Liberalization of trade in agricultural products Arnesen 337 2 …”

Henrik Bull Article 41 [Free movement of payments] S. 488-489

„… [Circumvention of capital movements liberalization] 1. Where domestic rules governing the capital market and the …” „… liberalization already achieved by applying in a discriminatory manner national currency and prudential …” „… regulations that were still lawful.1 With the total liberalization of capital movements following from Dir …”

Henrik Bull Article 24 [Energy] S. 356-361

„… outside of territorial waters.11 IV. Liberalization of the gas market EU liberalization of the gas market …” „… remains dominated by a small number of sellers of gas.14 V. Liberalization of the electricity market The …” „… electricity market has gone through a similar liberalization process as the gas market, but the inclusion of …”

Finn Arnesen Article 18 [Technical barriers to trade in agricultural products] S. 336-337

„… absence of relevant harmonisation measures.3 Article 19 [Liberalization of trade in agricultural products …” „… to continue their efforts with a view to achieving progressive liberalization of agricultural trade …” „… comments on Art. 21 EEA, mn. 14. 1 See Norberg et al ‘EEA Law’, p. 365. Article 19 Liberalization of trade …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Technical barriers to trade in agricultural products ............Article 18 336 Liberalization of trade in …” „… capital movements liberalization ...........Article 42 489 Protective measures …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen The Contracting Parties S. 145-150

„… liberalization and cooperation, in particular in accordance with the provisions of the General Agreement on …”

Benedikt Pirker Switzerland and the EEA S. 80-101

„… liberalization commitments undertaken by the EU and Switzerland in the framework of WTO law to additional actors …” „… producers.37 The Agreement on Trade in Agricultural Products contains a limited commitment to liberalization …”

Introduction S. 1-13

„… persons and progressive liberalization of trade in services and of investment, essentially reflecting …”

Henrik Bull Article 40 [Free movement of capital] S. 473-488

„… Contracting Parties – “shall endeavour to attain the same degree of liberalization as that which applies to …”

Index S. 1125-1141

„… protection II 36 31 Liberalising effect II 47 22 Index 1135 Liberalization II 47 9, 21, 31, 49 3 – of …”

Christoph Vedder The EEA in the Union’s Legal Order S. 101-124

„… free movement of persons, the liberalization of the trade in services and investments, the opening of …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Preamble S. 150-171

„… , on the basis of market economy, to world-wide trade liberalization and cooperation, in particular in …”

Pål Wennerås Article 6 [Homogeneity] S. 209-248

„… former Advocate General Jacobs and his common law thoughts on market liberalization, competition and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845275796

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