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Victoria Anna Berger - Vorstandshaftung und Beratung

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Victoria Anna Berger

Vorstandshaftung und Beratung

Series: Schriften zum Gesellschafts-, Bank- und Kapitalmarktrecht

Volume 53 2015

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D. Legal Judgment Rule S. 342-361

„… unter dem Begriff „Legal Judgment Rule“1541 teilweise bereits besprochen. Die Arbeit greift diese Idee …” „… auf und versucht nach einer kurzen Einführung, die Idee der Legal Judgment Rule aufbauend auf den …” „… Nachweise in Fn. 1394. Fünftes Kapitel: Legal Judgment Rule 342 Einführung und einleitende Überlegungen Idee …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Anna Berger Ision-Kriterien, unternehmerische Entscheidung und Legal Judgment Rule 53 Nomos Schriften …” „… Entscheidung und Legal Judgment Rule Nomos BUT_Berger_2163-4.indd 3 20.10.15 08:41 Die Deutsche …” „… Ision-KriterienII. 303 ErgebnisIII. 305 Legal Judgment RuleFünftes Kapitel: 307 EinführungA. 307 Unklare …”

C. Lösungsansätze der Literatur und eigene Stellungnahme S. 317-342

„… , ZHR 177 (2013), 1, 8 (Editorial). Fünftes Kapitel: Legal Judgment Rule 318 sen des Vorstands …” „… . insoweit Eilert, ZVersWiss 2012, 621, 622. Fünftes Kapitel: Legal Judgment Rule 324 weit sich die …” „… Abwägungsentscheidung der tatsächlichen Verfolgung bezieht. Fünftes Kapitel: Legal Judgment Rule 326 aber gerade nicht …”

A. Einführung S. 307-308

„… Legal Judgment Rule1394 Einführung Anknüpfend an die bisherigen Erkenntnisse der Untersuchung soll …” „… 2013, 162; von „Legal Judgment“ und einer Anlehnung an die Business Judgment Rule spricht auch bereits …” „… Decker, GmbHR 2014, 72, 78. Fünftes Kapitel: Legal Judgment Rule 308 …”

B. Unklare Pflichtenlage im Innenverhältnis S. 308-317

„… entspr. Befund ferner Decker, GmbHR 2014, 72, 78. Fünftes Kapitel: Legal Judgment Rule 308 Ungeklärte …” „… Kapitel: Legal Judgment Rule 312 Unsichere Tatsachengrundlage; prognostische Elemente Eine für das …” „… . Fünftes Kapitel: Legal Judgment Rule 314 dann vorliegt, wenn das Schuldnervermögen die bestehenden …”

D. Rechtsfragen, die für die Beurteilung der Wirtschaftlichkeit oder sonstige unternehmerische Aspekte der Entscheidung relevant sind S. 303-307

„… Beurteilung der Wirtschaftlichkeit relevant sind 305 Legal Judgment Rule1394 Einführung Anknüpfend an die …” „… nennen sind allgemein Fragen im Zusammenhang mit einer Legal Due Diligence im Vorfeld eines …” „… , BB 2013, 2247 ff.; Böhmer, VersR 2013, 162; von „Legal Judgment“ und einer Anlehnung an die Business …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 365-380

„… , Jendrik: 30. Münsterischer Versicherungstag – Solvency 1.5. Legal Judgment Rule sowie …” „… Mitgliedern des Leitungsorgans bei unklarer Rechtslage, Notwendigkeit einer Legal Judgment Rule?, BB 2013, S …” „… 2011, S. 639 Bachmann, Gregor: Reformbedarf bei der Business Judgment Rule?, ZHR 177 (2013), Editorial …”

Sechstes Kapitel: Zusammenfassung der wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Arbeit in Thesen S. 361-365

„… (Legal Judgment Rule). (Fünftes Kapitel) Sechstes Kapitel: Zusammenfassung der wesentlichen Ergebnisse …” „… Managementvergütung, ZVersWiss 2011, S. 639 Bachmann, Gregor: Reformbedarf bei der Business Judgment Rule?, ZHR 177 …”

C. Gang der Untersuchung S. 31-35

„… in der Literatur diskutierten Ansatz der Entwicklung einer „Legal Judgment Rule“33 näher ein (Fünftes …”

C. Gutachten zu unternehmerischen Aspekten der Entscheidung S. 290-303

„… AktG zu messende unternehmerische Entscheidung sein (auch als „informationelle Business Judgment Rule …” „… Business-Judgment-Rule“ sei, „dass nicht nur die unternehmerische Entscheidung selbst, sondern auch die Planungsund …” „… eine Verletzung der Sorgfaltspflichten im Zshg. mit der Business Judgment Rule zu bejahen ist, „wenn …”

C. Einzelne Anforderungen S. 134-265

„… zufolge sollen heute ca. 20 % der Rechtsanwälte als Syndikusanwälte tätig sein, vgl. Huff, Legal Tribune …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845262635

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

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Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Game with its rules-tests of legal pluralism S. 17

„… GamesThe?theory?of?Games?includes?both?the?sporting?games?and?the?historical?games.In?these?games?the?athlete?is?starring,?as?a?body-symbol?of?the?human?being?whoexceeds?his?personal?and?natural?destine?within?the?historical?juncture.The Game with its rules-tests of legal …” „… of?Europe?with?the?consciousness?of?the?balances?that?they?were?surrounded.?Outof?legal?point?of?view,?a?deep?study?of?the?legal …” „… ?pluralism?would?be?greatly?benefitedby?a?study?of?this?phenomenon.Athens?in?2004?hosted?the?relations?of?history,?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and Olympic Games-the penetration of the Olympic Movement Rules in the national legal orders S. 88-90

„… ?autonomy?of?the?NOCs?is?of?pivotal?importance.In?the?vast?majority?of?the?states?the?NOCs?constitute?a?legal?person?of?privatelaw.?In?the?framework?of?the?Greek?law,?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee?recognizes? the? Hellenic? Olympic? Committee? as? a? legal? person? of? public? law? called“Olympic? Games …” „… ?and?the?president?decision?130/2000.The Host City Contract and Olympic Games-the penetration of the OlympicMovement Rules in …” „… the national legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The connection of the rules of the Olympic Movement with the Host City and hence with the legal order of the country that hosts the Olympic Games S. 90

„… The connection of the rules of the Olympic Movement with the Host City and hencewith the legal …” „… ?Host?City?is?found,?as?well?as?with?a?special?and?independent?legal …” „… ?person,?the?Organizing?Committee?of?the?Olympic?Games.?This?contract?is?the?Host?City?Contract,?which?constitutes?the?principal?frame?of?the?OlympicOrganization.What?is?achieved?or?attempted?through?this?agreement?is?the?connection?of?therules?of?the?Olympic?Movement?with?the?legal?order?of?the?country,?where?the?HostCity?is?found.Furthermore,? this?agreement?acts?as? the? tool,?which?will?help?materialize …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The dialectic relation between the Olympic Charter and the legal order of the Host City – The legal nature of the Olympic Charter S. 213-216

„… ?statesattempt?to?establish?regulations?that?will?ensure?the?respect?of?the?Olympic?Charter.Athens?is?a?good?example?for?consideration.As?a?result,?the?binding?legal?nature?of?the?Olympic?Charter?will?have?to?be?soughtin?the?rules?of?private?law.?Its?legal …” „… ,?as?has?been?attempted?at?times.In?the?framework?of?the?law,?the?Olympic?Charter?would?be?described?as?equallybinding?as?a?private?manifesto.?However,?this?is?not?entirely?verified?in?practice,especially?in?so?far?as?the?Olympic?Charter?is?a?binding?source?of?rules?for?its?(many)members,?but?also?for?the?contracting?parties?with?the?IOC.?It?would?be?more?appropriate?to?look?for?the?dialectic?relation?between?the?rules?of?the?current?law?andthe? private? rules? of? the? Olympic?Movement? and? study? the? legal? nature? of …” „… ?order,?as?befitting?the?fulfilment?of?obligations?emanating?from?the?Host?City?Contract.?However,?given?the?fact?that?there?is?not?some?kind?of?juridical?decision?resolving?theissue,?the?above?consideration?remains?theoretical.Whether?the?Olympic?Charter?is?a?legal?source?has?not?been?decided?by?the?Greekjurisprudence.?Nor?has?been?decided?the?effect?of?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Charterin?relation?with?constitutional?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legal status of the Olympic organization and the legislative framework of sport S. 60-61

„… n?of?sports?activities?contributes?to?changingthe?way?the?legal?aspect?of?the?sports?phenomenon?is?perceived?and?requires?theimplementation?of?rules?concerning?this?economic?aspect?of?sports.The?basic?characteristics?of? the?rules? that?govern?sport?apply?to …” „… ? interest,since?it?establishes?a?special?legal?framework?for?the?Olympic?Games,?through?astructure?of?institutions?and?rules,?which?are?accepted?not?so?much?through?legislation?but?rather?through?private?law?contracts.?Studying?the?example?of?Athens,we?see?that?the?internal?law?has?embodied?the?Olympic?organization?of?2004 …” „… s?Olympic?Organizing?Committee?and?continued?with?a?seriesof?legislative?enactments.The?Host?City?Contract?is,?hence,?the?combination?of?rules?and?institutions?thattriggers?off?the?legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rule of law and the fair play S. 77-79

„… n,?we?could?say?that?in?the?field?of?state?action,the?principle?of?the?rule?of?law?could?be?viewed?as?the?expression?of?the?principleof?fair?play.?However,?the?latter?does?not?seem?to?fit?in?the?structured?state?legal99 S.?case?law?of?the?Conseil?d’?État?and?especially?the?judgements?C.E.?sect.?5/5/1995 …” „… ,it?concerns?games?or?sports,?not?subjects?of?law.Extremely?interesting?as?to?the?relation?between?the?two?principles?is?the?caselaw?of?the?Swiss?Federal?Court,?which?has?repeatedly?ruled?on?the?relation?betweenrules?of?games?and?rules?of?law.?Obviously,?that?resulted?from?the?increased?interestof? the?Swiss? legal?order? in?sports?activity?and?from …” „… ? legal?order?aims?atregulating?property?or?financial?relations?or?relations?bearing?on?the?personality?andnot?relations?bearing?on?games?(rapports?Ludiques),?even?if?they?concern?sports?ofhigh?competitiveness.?According?to?this?principle,?the?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The particular attributes of the Olympic organization – An autonomous legislative framework for the Olympic Games S. 60

„… n?of?sports?activities?contributes?to?changingthe?way?the?legal?aspect?of?the?sports?phenomenon?is?perceived?and?requires?theimplementation?of?rules?concerning?this?economic?aspect?of?sports.The?basic?characteristics?of? the?rules? that?govern?sport?apply?to …” „… ? interest,since?it?establishes?a?special?legal?framework?for?the?Olympic?Games,?through?astructure?of?institutions?and?rules,?which?are?accepted?not?so?much?through?legislation?but?rather?through?private?law?contracts.?Studying?the?example?of?Athens,we?see?that?the?internal?law?has?embodied?the?Olympic?organization?of?2004 …” „… s?Olympic?Organizing?Committee?and?continued?with?a?seriesof?legislative?enactments.The?Host?City?Contract?is,?hence,?the?combination?of?rules?and?institutions?thattriggers?off?the?legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The interest of modern states in sport S. 59-60

„… n?of?sports?activities?contributes?to?changingthe?way?the?legal?aspect?of?the?sports?phenomenon?is?perceived?and?requires?theimplementation?of?rules?concerning?this?economic?aspect?of?sports.The?basic?characteristics?of? the?rules? that?govern?sport?apply?to …” „… ? interest,since?it?establishes?a?special?legal?framework?for?the?Olympic?Games,?through?astructure?of?institutions?and?rules,?which?are?accepted?not?so?much?through?legislation?but?rather?through?private?law?contracts.?Studying?the?example?of?Athens,we?see?that?the?internal?law?has?embodied?the?Olympic?organization?of?2004 …” „… s?Olympic?Organizing?Committee?and?continued?with?a?seriesof?legislative?enactments.The?Host?City?Contract?is,?hence,?the?combination?of?rules?and?institutions?thattriggers?off?the?legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the rules of the Olympic Movement on the legislation of the host country S. 211-212

„… ?was?governed?(to?its?letter)?by?the?private?law,?together?with?the?rulesof?the?Olympic?Movement?and?the?rules?of?the?Greek?legal?order.It?could?be?maintained?that?the?Greek?legislator?was?obliged?to?take?initiative?inorder?to?fulfil?the?obligations?resulting?from?the?Host?City?Contract?and?hence?thatthe?overall? internal? law?was? invited …” „… ugh?the?private?law.?Therest?of?the?issues?relating?to?State?action?and?sport,?as?well?as?issues?of?public?order,security,?environment,?town?planning,?etc.?should?be?considered?as?part?of?the?constitutional?sphere?of?the?different?legal?orders.The influence of the rules of the Olympic Movement on the legislation of the …” „… ?the?legal?activity?of?the?host?country’slegal?order,?nor?does?it?require?the?creation?of?legislation?in?a?way?satisfactory?tothe?Olympic?Movement.?The?Olympic?Movement?keeps?to?the?sphere?of?privatelaw,?sets?its?own?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement Rules: Autonomy and Pluralism. S. 55-57

„… ?pluralism?finds?its?best?expression?in?the?field?of?sports?law.?The?relationbetween?private?and?public,?national?and?international,?is?absolutely?developing?inthe?field?of?sports?law?in?a?modern?and?contemporary?way.The?traditional?sports?law?is?formed?with?a?system?of?rules?the?prevalent?of?whichare?the?Olympic?Movement?rules.?The?total?structure?of?the?rules?of?sports?law?asa?whole,?though,?cannot?be?neglected,?since?sports?law?constitutes?a?legal …” „… ?of?each?game/event,?the?contracts,?the?freedomof?settlement,?the?labour?law,?the?mass?media,?the?criminal?liability,?etc.?Caught?inthe?middle?between?public?and?private?law,?sports?law?led?to?severe?problems?regarding?its?autonomy?towards?state?rules.?The?matter?of?autonomy?and?legal?pluralism?becomes? increasingly?popular? in?view?of? the?globalization? that …” „… ernational?view?that?sport?and?its?relation?with?the?mass?media?can?guarantee.An?exercise?of?rules,?could?be?specially?considered?as?the?total?of?these?rulessince? it? systemizes? the?sports? law?of? the?states,? the? law?of?various …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter S. 83-85

„… Olympic?Movement.?It?is?the?Olympic?Charter?that?regulates?the?Olympic?Gamesits?acceptance?is?necessary?for?the?undertaking?of?the?organization?of?the?Olympicsby?each?hosting?city.?The?observance?of?the?Olympic?Charter?rules …” „… ontractual?commitment?of?the?cities?and?further?the?legislationsof?the?states?that?house?them.Of?course,?this?change?may?never?be?totally?materialized,?despite?the?fact?thatmany?cities?and?legal …” „… ?orders?accepted?the?Olympism.?It?is?certain?though?that?theOlympic?Movement?shows?up?to?a?great?extent?the?way?as?regards?the?very?important?overthrow?that?seeks?to?introduce?at?a?legal?level.In?the?Greek?Legal?order?the?provision?that?has?existed?since?1955?pertaining?tothe?control?of?sporting?morals?by?the?Commi …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal order S. 207-209

„… al?reference?could?prove?it.?The?symbolisms?of?the?pictures?thatwere?shown?at?an?international?level?lead?to?the?same?conclusion.The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal orderSport430 …” „… ?has?been?the?object?of?legislative?regulation?in?the?Greek?legal?order?sincethe?creation?of? the?modern?Greek?state.?Since? the?beginning?of? the?century …” „… ?had?been?entrusted?to?thecity?of?Athens?(and?not?to?‘our?country’?as?stated?in?the?Preamble?of?the?law).?Thesaid?law?in?several?points?stipulated?the?respect?of?the?rules?of?the?IOC,?but?without430 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General Remarks S. 230-232

„… ?rules?(public?contracts?–?environmentalprotection?etc.)?with?those?of?the?Olympic?Movement?was?put?to?the?proof?for?thefirst?time?in?a?European?country,?since?Barcelona,?where?the?Olympic?Games?of1992?were?staged,?was?not?bound?to?fully?respect?the?Commun …” „… RemarksThe?law-producing?activity?that?followed?the?execution?of?the?Host?City?Contractwas?considerable.?In?the?first?place,?it?should?be?noted?that?this?activity?comes?withinthe?framework?of?rules …” „… ?the?Olympic?Charter?were?gradually?adopted,?specific?engagements?of?the?HostCity?Contract?were?fulfilled?and?the?Greek?legal?order?was?familiarized?with?thenew?undertaking,?which?it?is?called?upon?to?carry?through.More?specifically:a. The?Organizing?Committee?was?created,?pursuant?to?the?Host?City?Contractand?the?Olympic?Charter.b …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract of Athens and the Olympic Charter S. 209-211

„… ?was?governed?(to?its?letter)?by?the?private?law,?together?with?the?rulesof?the?Olympic?Movement?and?the?rules?of?the?Greek?legal?order.It?could?be?maintained?that?the?Greek?legislator?was?obliged?to?take?initiative?inorder?to?fulfil?the?obligations?resulting?from?the?Host?City?Contract?and?hence?thatthe?overall? internal? law?was? invited …” „… ature,?converses?with?and?through?the?private?law.?Therest?of?the?issues?relating?to?State?action?and?sport,?as?well?as?issues?of?public?order,security,?environment,?town?planning,?etc.?should?be?considered?as?part?of?the?constitutional?sphere?of?the?different?legal?orders.The influence of the rules of the Olympic Movement on the legislation of the …” „… ?by?making?the?IOC?conversant?with?the?conditions?of?environment?protection?and?to?respect?the?fair?play?and?the?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The integration of the ethical rules of sport in national laws S. 74-77

„… ? theGreek?legal?order?of?vague?concepts,?which?impose?sanctions,?cannot?be?accepted.These?principles?will?either?be?legislatively?specified,?or?else?they?will?be?judgedvague?and? inapplicable.? If? the?Chivalric? rules? in? the?medieval? tournois …” „… n,?we?could?say?that?in?the?field?of?state?action,the?principle?of?the?rule?of?law?could?be?viewed?as?the?expression?of?the?principleof?fair?play.?However,?the?latter?does?not?seem?to?fit?in?the?structured?state?legal99 S.?case?law?of?the?Conseil?d’?État?and?especially?the?judgements?C.E.?sect.?5/5/1995 …” „… ?their?governments?with?reference?to?the?same?issue,?or?at?least?urging?theneed?for?joint?action.?If?and?when?these?texts?become?rules?of?national?law?by?meansof?accession?to?international?treaties,?it?will?be?interesting?to?examine?their?relationwith?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Movement,?especially?if?it?is?the?case?of?states?thatentered? into? a?Host …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The effect of the Bosman judgment in the Olympic movement rules S. 159-163

„… rulesThe?Bosman?judgment?has?been?crucial?for?the?interrelation?of?the?autonomy?ofsporting?associations?and?the?EC?legal?order?as?well?as?pivotal?for?the?relation?amongthe?rules?of?every?different?system.The?rules?about?the?athletes’?transfers?provided?by …” „… ?with?the?goal?to?safeguard?the?present?structures?and?the?social?role?ofsport.?Among?the?other?suggestions,?the?Commission?recommends?that?the?memberstates?should?either?place?the?relative?rules?among?their?legislation?or?cooperate?viacontracts?with?the?sporting?organizations,?through?which?they?would?mutually?agreeon?a?certain?regime.?Also,?within?the?framework?of?this?effort,?member?states?shouldapply?certain?legal?regime?to?the?sporting?clubs/unions.The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rulesIn? every …” „… ,?it?developed?beforethose?very? interesting?arguments.? It? stated? that? rules?on …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rules S. 163-165

„… ?with?the?goal?to?safeguard?the?present?structures?and?the?social?role?ofsport.?Among?the?other?suggestions,?the?Commission?recommends?that?the?memberstates?should?either?place?the?relative?rules?among?their?legislation?or?cooperate?viacontracts?with?the?sporting?organizations,?through?which?they?would?mutually?agreeon?a?certain?regime.?Also,?within?the?framework?of?this?effort,?member?states?shouldapply?certain?legal?regime?to?the?sporting?clubs/unions.The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rulesIn? every …” „… ports?law,?which?is?expressed?by?its?submission?to?ahierarchic?structure?of?rules,?like?the?case?of?the?aforementioned?judgment.?Thiseffort?is?confirmed?by?the?Report?from?the?Commission?to?the?European?Councilwith?a? view? to? safeguarding?current? sport? structures?and?maintaining? the …” „… ? socialfunction?of?sport?within?Community?framework-The?Helsinki?Report?on?Sportwhich?presents?the?need?of?rationalization?of?the?sports?law?as?well?as?the?need?ofthe?EC?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The prevalence of the Community law over the regulations of the sporting institutions S. 156-159

„… rulesThe?Bosman?judgment?has?been?crucial?for?the?interrelation?of?the?autonomy?ofsporting?associations?and?the?EC?legal?order?as?well?as?pivotal?for?the?relation?amongthe?rules?of?every?different?system.The?rules?about?the?athletes’?transfers?provided?by …” „… The?ECJ?was?first?asked?to?rule?on?the?matter?of?the?legal?nature?of?the?rules?thatthe?sporting?institutions?lay?down?in?1976 …” „… ?rules?or?national?practice,?even?adopted?by?a?sporting?organization,?which? limit? the? right? to? take?part? in? football?matches?as? professional …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sporting Games and the theory of the Games S. 17

„… GamesThe?theory?of?Games?includes?both?the?sporting?games?and?the?historical?games.In?these?games?the?athlete?is?starring,?as?a?body-symbol?of?the?human?being?whoexceeds?his?personal?and?natural?destine?within?the?historical?juncture.The Game with its rules-tests of legal …” „… of?Europe?with?the?consciousness?of?the?balances?that?they?were?surrounded.?Outof?legal?point?of?view,?a?deep?study?of?the?legal …” „… ?pluralism?would?be?greatly?benefitedby?a?study?of?this?phenomenon.Athens?in?2004?hosted?the?relations?of?history,?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’ S. 218-222

„… ?rules,?in?accordance?with?the?Olympic?Ideal,?prescribing?penalties?inthe?event? of?contravention? thereof.?The?same?provisions? regulated? the? status …” „… k.?On?the?other?hand,?to?restore?the?historicalcontinuity,?which?is?necessary?for?understanding?and?interpreting?the?Greek?lawproducing?activity?for?the?Olympic?organization?of?2004?and?through?this?to?revealthe?way?by?which?the?Greek?legal …” „… ?order?has?incorporated?the?‘rules’?and?the?‘directives’?resulting?from?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?Host?City?Contract?and?the?otherOlympic?texts.?Also,?by?the?analysis?below,?one?could?compare?the?Greek?.446Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’Law?2598/1998 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European approach to sport S. 175-177

„… e?EC?law?in?sport,?the?first?two?Olympic?Games?of?Europe.?How?isthe?legal?framework?of?the?Olympic?organization?now?formed??The?IOC?rules?arenow?limited?to?the?regulation?of?purely?sporting?matters?(sport?events?rules …” „… ,? the? EU? legal? framework? and? offers? legal? clarity? by? making …” „… ., The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?underInternational,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,The?Hague?2003.Weatherill S.,?European?Sports?Law,?Collected?Papers,?University?of?Oxford,?Oxford?2007.175 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The importance of sporting events for the international procedures S. 16-17

„… GamesThe?theory?of?Games?includes?both?the?sporting?games?and?the?historical?games.In?these?games?the?athlete?is?starring,?as?a?body-symbol?of?the?human?being?whoexceeds?his?personal?and?natural?destine?within?the?historical?juncture.The Game with its rules-tests of legal …” „… nded.?Outof?legal?point?of?view,?a?deep?study?of?the?legal?pluralism?would?be?greatly?benefitedby?a?study?of?this?phenomenon.Athens?in?2004 …” „… ?hosted?the?relations?of?history,?rules?and?opinions?in?a?relativelyneutral?and?without?political?ambitions?territory.2 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The human body, the international society and the fair play of history S. 18-25

„… ?and?the?instant?character?of?every?organization?could?make?somebody?perceive?the?city?as?being?a?game,?to?test?its?rules,?to?exercise?through?its?institutionsand?accomplish?good?performances?or?fail.?Consequently,?the?study?of?the?rulesheads?to?many?aims:25 …” „… g?city.The?Olympic?Charter?frankly?depicts?this?conception?and?has?already?embodiedfundamental?rules?for?the?protection?of?the?place?and?the?environment?in?its?regu-13 Cashman …” „… sions?like?the?ban?on?any?form?of?torture?remind?that?the?citizens?havefeelings?and?bodies.?Beyond?that,?the?body?is?subject?to?the?prohibitive?provisionsrelated?to?the?fundamental?institutions?of?the?society,?according?to?the?rules?of?interpretation.21?The?organization?of?the?Olympic?Games?by?Athens?in?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The consequences of the effect of the rules of the Olympic Charter for the Host City Contract and its relation with the legislation of the host country S. 216-217

„… ?drew?the?borderlinebetween?private?and?public?law?in?the?rules?that?govern?sport?on?the?basis?of?article16.9?of?the?Constitution.?More?specifically?it?defined?that?the?private?will?regulateissue …” „… ?included?in?the?Olympic?Charter?or?other?rules?related?to?the?Olympic?Games,should?be?viewed?as?pertaining?to?sport?as?a?whole,?which?is?safeguarded?by?theprovision?of?article?16.9?of?the?Constitution?and?in?the?interest?of?which,?the?Statehas?the?obligation?to?provide?fo …” „… r?and?set?limits?on?private?action.This?position,?which?is?adopted?by?the?jurisprudence,?as?to?the?relation?betweenprivate?law?rules?and?public?law?rules?on?sport,?should?raise?questions?with?regardto?the?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2730/1999 ‘Planning, complete development and carrying-out of the Olympic Works and other provisions’ (Government Gazette 130 A´) S. 222-224

„… ?the?rules?of?the?IOCand?of?the?Olympic?Movement?with?those?of?the?internal?legal?order?has?been?satisfactorilyachieved.223Lastly,? the? third?chapter?of? the? law?(articles?15-18 …” „… ?rules,?in?accordance?with?the?Olympic?Ideal,?prescribing?penalties?inthe?event? of?contravention? thereof.?The?same?provisions? regulated? the? status …” „… ? alsoimportant?to?notice?that?during?that?period?special?emphasis?had?been?given?to?therespect?of?the?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Convention of Human Rights S. 141-143

„… rol?this?right?is?definitely?violated.?Furthermore,many?legal?commentators?have?observed?that?anti-doping?rules?may?restrict? theright?of?an?athlete?to?a?fair?hearing?and?the?right?to?be?presumed?innocent?(?article6?par.2 …” „… d?erred?in?considering?the?IOCanti-doping?rules?as?ones?of?“purely?sporting?interest”.?It?found?that?the?IOC's?ruleson?doping?control?fell?within?the?scope?of?Community?competition?law,?but?thatthey?were?compatible?with?it,?as?they?did?not?go?beyond?what?was?necessary?toensure? the? proper? conduct? of? competitive? sport.?More? specifically …” „… ?the?restriction?was?sufficiently?prescribed?by?law?)?and?shouldsatisfy?the?principle?of?proportionality.?By?preventing?an?athlete?from?competingon?a?temporary?or?permanent?basis,?this?right?is?violated.?Therefore,?doping?couldbe?legal?only?if?satisfies?the?prerequisites?of?article?10?par.2 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Towards a formation of European perception on sport. S. 177-178

„… e?EC?law?in?sport,?the?first?two?Olympic?Games?of?Europe.?How?isthe?legal?framework?of?the?Olympic?organization?now?formed??The?IOC?rules?arenow?limited?to?the?regulation?of?purely?sporting?matters?(sport?events?rules …” „… ?etc.),while?all?the?matters?which?involve?economic?interests?are?governed?by?the?EC?law.However,?the?Olympics?have?a?global?character.?When?the?Olympics?are?held?outside?Europe?this?cannot?be?the?case.?The?IOC?rules …” „… ingphenomenon?to?the?community?legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Bid Process S. 205-207

„… ance?with?the?European?Integration.?This?historical?challengeseems?to?find?its?essence?in?the?facts?which?show?the?essence?of?the?rules?and?themeanings.?The?European?dimension?of?sport?is?materialized?in?the?first?Europeanhost?city?during?the?first?Olympic?Games?of?Athens,?making?the?community?rulesthe?rules?of?the?Games?of?the?21 …” „… btswhether?the?communication?with?the?community?rules?was?a?goal,?particularly?because?of?the?entire?historical?situation.?The?question?whether?the?entrusting?of?theGames? to?Athens?at? that?very?moment?and?with? the?absolute?application? of …” „… nstitutions?of?the?Olympic?Movement.?The?analytical?reference?could?prove?it.?The?symbolisms?of?the?pictures?thatwere?shown?at?an?international?level?lead?to?the?same?conclusion.The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal orderSport430 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The security of the Games S. 229-230

„… RemarksThe?law-producing?activity?that?followed?the?execution?of?the?Host?City?Contractwas?considerable.?In?the?first?place,?it?should?be?noted?that?this?activity?comes?withinthe?framework?of?rules …” „… ?the?Olympic?Charter?were?gradually?adopted,?specific?engagements?of?the?HostCity?Contract?were?fulfilled?and?the?Greek?legal?order?was?familiarized?with?thenew?undertaking,?which?it?is?called?upon?to?carry?through.More?specifically:a. The?Organizing?Committee?was?created,?pursuant?to?the?Host?City?Contractand?the?Olympic?Charter.b …” „… . A?special?legal?(adjective?and?substantive)?status?of?protection?of?the?Olympicsymbols?and?indicia?was?instituted?in?the?internal?legal?order.c. The?status?of?protection?of?the?Olympic?Torch?was?sanctioned.d …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement S. 80-82

„… rulesA?basic?desire?of?the?creators?of?the?Olympic?Movement?was?its?institutional?autonomy.?At?that?time?the?states?had?no?interest?in?the?amateur?sport?and?remainedobservers?of?the?phenomenon?which?was?developed?at?a?club?level.The?regulatory?framework?o …” „… Chapter?4The rules of the Olympic Movement and the state …” „… f?the?OlympicsThe?organizational?structure?of?the?sporting?movement?constituted?a?very?powerful?original?for?the?Olympic?Movement?which?maintained?its?basic?principles?andintroduced?its?own?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community Law involvement in sport and Olympic Games S. 154-156

„… The?ECJ?was?first?asked?to?rule?on?the?matter?of?the?legal?nature?of?the?rules?thatthe?sporting?institutions?lay?down?in?1976 …” „… ,?that?is?the?rules?that?are?associated?with?purely?sporting?matters?and,therefore,?have?nothing?to?do?with?economic?activity.?These?rules?derive?from?aneed? inherent? in? the? organization? of? sport? and?as? such?cannot?be? considered …” „… ?rules?or?national?practice,?even?adopted?by?a?sporting?organization,?which? limit? the? right? to? take?part? in? football?matches?as? professional …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The tickets selling matter and the competition rules S. 196-198

„… rulesOne?of?the?essential?components?of?organizing?sport?events?is?the?ticketing?system.Usually?implemented?by?the?Organizing?Committees?(OC),?it?is?not?unusual?thatthese?agreements?contravene?EC?Law.424In?the?Italy?1990?World?Cup,?the?OC?entered?into?a?w …” „… ?OCOG?wanted?the?Commission?to?confirm?that?the?provisionsregarding?the?tickets?selling?were?consistent?with?the?EC?competition?rules …” „… .?It?wasthe?first?time?that?the?Commission?examined?provisions?of?tickets?selling?for?theOlympics.?After?a?thorough?examination?of?the?provisions?and?after?the?discussionsconducted?between?the?OCOG?and?the?Commission,?in?order?to?secure?the?consumers’?rights?and?the?safeguarding?of?the?competition?rules,?Athens?2004?OCOGamended?its?provisions?as?regard?the?detai …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter and the Greek legislation S. 212-213

„… ?legal?activity?of?the?host?country’slegal?order,?nor?does?it?require?the?creation?of?legislation?in?a?way?satisfactory?tothe?Olympic?Movement.?The?Olympic?Movement?keeps?to?the?sphere?of?privatelaw,?sets?its?own?rules …” „… It?also?secures?the?lack?of?contradistinction?between?the?rules?of?the?positive?nationallaw?and?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Charter?or?of?the?Host?City?Contract.The dialectic relation between the Olympic Charter and the legal …” „… ?statesattempt?to?establish?regulations?that?will?ensure?the?respect?of?the?Olympic?Charter.Athens?is?a?good?example?for?consideration.As?a?result,?the?binding?legal?nature?of?the?Olympic?Charter?will?have?to?be?soughtin?the?rules?of?private?law.?Its?legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… The?importance?of?sporting?events?for?the?international?procedures 16Sporting?Games?and?the?theory?of?the?Games 17The?Game?with?its?rules-tests?of?legal?pluralism 17 …” „… The?Host?City?Contract?and?Olympic?Games-the?penetration?of?theOlympic?Movement?Rules?in?the?national?legal?orders 88 …” „… The?connection?of?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Movement?with?the?HostCity?and?hence?with?the?legal?order?of?the?country?that?hosts?theOlympic?Games 90The?Host?City?Contract?and?the?Olympic?Charter 90 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The freedom to contract and the relation between the associative nature of sport and the Olympic organization S. 61-63

„… d?tothe?more?general?issue?of?the?implementation?of?the?Olympic?Movement?rules?inthe?different?countries?that?host?the?Olympic?Games.?This?choice?is?not?aleatory.Any?attempt?of?a?comparative?survey?of?the?legal …” „… ? leap?ofBaron?de?Coubertin?inadequate,?since?it?obliged?the?different?legal?orders?that?areinvited?to?materialize?the?vision?of?Olympism?to?take?into?consideration?principlesand?rules …” „… ?to?a?large?extent?the?nature?and?essence?of?sports?rules?and?of?therules?of?the?Olympic?Movement.For?the?needs?of?the?present?study,?the?examination?of?the?above?issues?is?limitedto?the?Olympic?organization?of?2004?by?the?city?of?Athens?and?does?not?expan …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Olympic Committee (IOC) S. 85-87

„… ?status.?It?is?very?interesting?thatfor?many?years?the?IOC?did?not?want?to?have?a?legal?personality?and?to?be?subjectto?law.?Simultaneously?it?is?also?very?interesting?that?the?IOC?take?measures?in?orderfor?each?OCOG?to?have?a?legal?personality?(there?is?a?provision?in?the?OlympicCharter-bye-law?to?rule?36,?par.1 …” „… ,?Silance?L.,?The?Legal?Statues?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee?and?the?National?Olympic?Committees,?In?OARe,?pp.119-139.118 Olympic?Charter,?article?29?paragraph?4.119 Bye-law?to?rule?34.120 Article?37.87 …” „… ).?Only?a?city?that?has?been?approvedby?the?NOC?of?its?country?can?be?accepted?as?an?applicant?city?(bye-law?to?rule?34).Al …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova A state regulatory framework for sport S. 63-64

„… ? leap?ofBaron?de?Coubertin?inadequate,?since?it?obliged?the?different?legal?orders?that?areinvited?to?materialize?the?vision?of?Olympism?to?take?into?consideration?principlesand?rules …” „… between?national?and?international?rules?of?law.?Each?legal?order/jurisdiction?decides?about?the?power/validity?of?its?rules?based?on?its?constitutional?provisions.The?Olympic?Movement,?having?a?powerful?international?character,?but?also?apotentiality? of? affecting? the? national? unions …” „… ajor?political?power?and?influence?and?imposes?its?rules?from?Atlanta?to?Barcelona?and?from?Sydney?to?Athens.However,? the? economic? dimension? of? the?Olympic?Games?made? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and the Olympic Charter S. 90-95

„… The connection of the rules of the Olympic Movement with the Host City and hencewith the legal …” „… ? separation?ofpowers?in?the?sporting?system?of?rules.?Also,?it?seeks?for?a?charter/constitutionalcoherence?that?differs?from?the?one?of?the?states?and?communicates/interacts?withthe?state?legal?orders?by?the?host?city?contract?that?joins?in?every?organization.146The Court of Arbitration for Sports ( C. A. S. )HistoryIn?1981 …” „… ?Host?City?is?found,?as?well?as?with?a?special?and?independent?legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bibliography S. 285-299

„… R.,?Legal?Comparison?and?the?harmonistaion?of?Doping?Rules,?Pilot?Studyfor?the?European?Commission,?Duncker???Humblot,?Berlin?2007.Vieweg K,?Doping,?Realität?und?Recht,?Duncker?und?Humblot,?Berlin?1998.Weatherhill St …” „… R.,?The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?under?International,?European?andBelgian?National?and?Regional?Law,?2003.Boyes …” „… M.,?The?legal?structure?of?the?Sydney?Olympic?Games.?University?of?New?South?WalesLaw?Journal,?Volume?22?1999-3.Braibant G.,?Le?droit?administratif?français,?Dalloz,?1985,?p.?127.Bredimas …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The National Olympic Committees (NOCs) S. 87-88

„… ,?Silance?L.,?The?Legal?Statues?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee?and?the?National?Olympic?Committees,?In?OARe,?pp.119-139.118 Olympic?Charter,?article?29?paragraph?4.119 Bye-law?to?rule?34.120 Article?37.87 …” „… e/supreme?rule(r).The?competence,?the?role?and?the?recognition?of?the?Ifs?is?regulated?by?the?articles26-27?of?the?Olympic?Charter.?It?also?made?clear?that,?because?if?the?requirementof? their …” „… ,? theOlympic?Charter?succeeds?in?spreading?its?rules?with?essential?effectiveness?andthe?leading?role?of?the?IOC?without?being?limited?though?to?the?Ifs.The National Olympic Committees …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympism S. 82-83

„… ? the?goodexample,?and?the?respect?of?the?global?fundamental?moral?principles.As?a?cosmic?theory,?Olympism,?is?based?on?the?position?that?sport?educates?thefair?play?to?people?through?the?respect?of?the?rules …” „… ance?of?the?Olympic?Charter?rules …” „… gal?orders?accepted?the?Olympism.?It?is?certain?though?that?theOlympic?Movement?shows?up?to?a?great?extent?the?way?as?regards?the?very?important?overthrow?that?seeks?to?introduce?at?a?legal?level.In?the?Greek?Legal?order?the?provision?that?has?existed?since?1955 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international constitutional framework of sports S. 64-65

„… between?national?and?international?rules?of?law.?Each?legal?order/jurisdiction?decides?about?the?power/validity?of?its?rules …” „… R.,?The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?under?International,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law?Kluwer?Academic?Publishers,?The?Hague,2003.64The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to theforming of …” „… ? havelooked?for?their?contribution?to?the?sporting?affairs.?Rules?of?relative?content?to?theone?of?the?Olympic?Charter?were?adopted?by?the?Council?of?Europe?under?an?intenseeffort?to?be?placed?among?a?unified?European?system.A?European?Charter?for?Sport?has?been?already?adopted?at?a?level?of?committeeof?Ministers?on?the?24th?of?September?1992 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The limits to the autonomy of the Olympic organization S. 183-185

„… ? constitutionalrights?or?the?freedom?to?provide?services,?nor?should?it?breed?discriminations?basedon?nationality.The?dialectic?relation?between?the?rules?of?the?IOC?and?those?of?states,?apartfrom?the?legal …” „… ? financialrelations?than?an?ideal.?This?aspect?of?sport,?and?not?the?rules?of?fair?play,?is?theobject?of?legal …” „… ? the? autonomy? of? sports? rules? and?national? rules? and?achieve? a …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Amendment of the Chinese Constitution in 2004- 3 years after the amendment of the Greek one S. 108-110

„… ?never?constituted?a?law?which?could?commit?the?Greek?legal?order.?The?fact?that?the?IOCadopted?the?Agenda?21?can?only?affect?the?Gree …” „… k?legal?order?as?a?political?principleand?direction?and?not?as?a?normative/regulatory? text?with?a?committing?character.214 …” „… I.,?LegalMatters?of?the?preparation?of?the?Olympics,?in?Applications?of?Public?Law?2003,?SpecialEdition,?Olympic?Games-?Public?Law?Maters,?p.63sec.213 Council?of?the?State?(5 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport as a means of expression of the freedom of association S. 57-58

„… introduced?the?question?of?the?special?order?of?sporting?rules.52 …” „… ?L.Silance?developedthese?theories,?making?often?a?reference?to?the?interaction?of?the?relative?rules.53The?Bosman?case54?which?will?be?examined?further?later,?posed?actively?the?issueof?leg …” „… ?adopted?the?way?sport?is?organized?in?Europe?on?the?basis?of?associations,?which?are?also?governed?by?private?law.?As?part?of?this?organization?structure,?the?Olympic?Movement?has?functioned?independently?and?has?set?the?fundamental?rules?that?are?in?force?for?sports?issues?concerning?these?associations58 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relationship among the Olympic Movement rules and the state rules and the institutional balancing of each Olympic Organization S. 110-112

„… uropean?Union.?Therefore,?inevitably?the?question?about?the?relation?of?these?rules?withthe?national?legal?orders?is?posed,?not?at?a?level?of?private?rules?associated?with?thesporting?phenomenon?any?more,?but?at?a?level?of?rules …” „… ,?the?Olympics?asserted?unchallengeable?influence.?This?influence?was?inevitable?because?of?the?host?city?contract.The competitive relationship among the Olympic Movement rules and the staterules and the institutional …” „… d?hearing?istaken?into?account?for?the?determination?of?the?price?of?the?real?estate.A?second?amendment?is?about?the?obligation?of?the?administration?to?justify?clearly?the?actof?declaring?the?expropriation.The?third?rule …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relation between the Olympic movement rules and the national/state ones and the institutional balancing of each Olympic organization S. 102-103

„… ll?to?be?tested:?but?the?advice?received?byCAS?was?that?the?Greek?judiciary?would?respect?it?for?reasons?of?pragmatism?aswell?as?of?principle,?i.e.?that?their?courts?were?closed?for?the?vacation?over?the?periodof?the?Games.188The competitive relation between the Olympic movement rules and the national/state ones and the …” „… organizationThe?Olympic?Movement?since?over?a?century?has?been?succeeding?in?having?aninstitutional?penetration?inside?the?host?cities,?binding?them?contractually?to?acceptits?rules.?The?dominant?element?is?detected?in?the?acceptance?of?a?contractual?consent?through?the?host?city?contract.?The?acceptance?of?this?consent?as?a?meeting/184 CAS?OG …” „… balancing?point?of?the?wills?of?the?parties?derives?from?the?age?of?Enlightenment.At?the?same?time,?the?relation?among?the?various?rules?(sporting?rules,?institutionalrules,? private? rules,? laws,? international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Composition and formation- arbitration agreement- competencydecisions S. 97-99

„… The?competency?of?the?Court?is?limited?to?non-technical?issues,?that?is?the?issueswhich?are?purely?sport?matters?which?are?associated?with?the?rules?of?the?game?(e.g.CAS?OG?04/009,?OG96/006,?Digest?Vol.1.).160?Its?decisions?are?final?and?binding156 …” „… ? if?one?party?has?wronglytrusted?the?other?party?The?Code?of?Court?Arbitration?for?Sport?comprises?the?CAS?mediation?rules?which?regulatethe?commencement,?the?conduct?and?the?termination?of?the?CAS?mediation.?(more?analytically?in?Blackshaw?I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputes?effectively,?within?thefamily? of? sport,? in?Entertainment …” „… ?selection?of?the?arbitrators.An?arbitral?award?rendered?by?the?CAS?is?final?and?binding?on?the?parties?fromthe?time?it?is?communicated?to?them.?Like?any?other?international?arbitral?award,?itcan?be?enforced?according?to?the?usual?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Union S. 137-141

„… rol?this?right?is?definitely?violated.?Furthermore,many?legal?commentators?have?observed?that?anti-doping?rules?may?restrict? theright?of?an?athlete?to?a?fair?hearing?and?the?right?to?be?presumed?innocent?(?article6?par.2 …” „… ?it?was?announced?by?the?Commission?that?the?EU?would?not?take?part?neitherin?Wada?function?nor?in?future?funding,?since?the?legal …” „… :• Gathering?of?specialists’?opinion?as?regard?the?deontological,?legal?and?scientific?dimension/aspect?of?the?phenomenon.?For?this?reason?the?Commissionhas?asked?for?the?opinion?of?the?European?Group?of?Deontology• Contribution?to?the?preparation?of?the?World?Anti-Doping?Congress• Activation? of? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Community law and sport S. 149-152

„… t,?as?developed?above,?reasonably?raisesthe?question?of?the?relation?between?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Movement?and?thelaw?of?the?European?Union,?which?is?applied?in?Greece?integrally319?The?importancethat?the?European?Union?attaches?to?the?development?of?the?sports?phenomenon,318 …” „… S.,?Governance?of?Sport?:?National,?European?andInternational?Perspectives.?Sports?Law,?Cavendish,?London?2006.319 As?to?broadcasting?rights?for?games?in?the?Greek?legal …” „… ?order,?s.?Skouris V.,?The?limits?ofthe?consultuncy?competence?of?the?Legal?Council?of?the?State?(in?Greek),?Nomiko?Vima1997,?pp.?1099 ff.149 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law and 2004 Olympic Games S. 178-181

„… .This?finding?puts?the?whole?debate?in?an?entirely?new?dimension,?since?it?leadsto?a?competition?not?only?on?the?basis?of?economic?interests,?but?also?on?the?basisof?rules?and?provisions?which?derive?from?different?legal?orders.?This?was?probablythe?main?reason?for?questioning?as?regard?the?2004?Olympics.The influence of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the rules of …” „… triction?to?the?private?character?of?the?sporting?phenomenon,?because?of?the?freedom?of?establishment?and?movement,?which?has?vitaleffects?on?status?of?the?athlete?and?culminates?in?the?submission?of?the?sportingphenomenon?to?the?community?legal …” „… ? requires?compromises?andretreat,?it?makes?the?EU?an?institutional?star?and?dominant?of?the?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London 2012 Olympics S. 50-51

„… .?In?the?framework?of?an?ideology?whichembodies?the?principles?of?the?Enlightenment?and?the?organization?through?rules,sport?as?part?of?the?international?athletic?movement?is?being?expanded/spread?systematically?and?with?the?frequency?of?every?four?years?which?follow?the?4?yearcircles?of?democracy,?promotes?its?positions?in?stadia?full?of?spectators.46 …” „… ? the?Beijing?OlympicGames?period?must?respect?Chinese?law.?As?to?those?legal?activities,?police?will?protect?themaccording? to? the? law.?As? for? those? activities? that? are? illegal,?we? police?will? handle …” „… ? themaccording?to?the?law.”?But?the?Chinese?made?sure?there?were?no?“legal”?activities.The?law,?essentially?was?to?not?allow?any?protests?or?demonstrations,?and?to?use?applicationsfor?protests?within? the? law?as?methods? for?detaining? or?marking? those? that? requested …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sustainable development according to the Olympic Charter and the Host City Contract S. 114-117

„… phical,?moral?andpolitical?belief?about?the?environment?and?sustainable?development,?which?mightbe?more?advanced?compared?to?the?positions?adopted?by?national?policies?and?national?legal?orders?for?the?environment.?In?view?of?the?Host?City?Contract?for?theOlympic?Games?of?2004 …” „… ues.?What?should?also?be?examined?is?whether?and?to?which?extent?theGreek?legislation?should?incorporate?the?rules?of?the?IOC?into?the?national?law.227 Bento J.,?Sport,?City?and?Nature.?An?introduction,?in?da?Costa …” „… In?contrast?to?the?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic games of 2004 under Greek legislation S. 217-218

„… ?and?through?this?to?revealthe?way?by?which?the?Greek?legal?order?has?incorporated?the?‘rules’?and?the?‘directives’?resulting?from?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?Host?City?Contract?and?the?otherOlympic?texts.?Also,?by?the?analysis?below,?one?could?compare?the?Greek?.446Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’Law?2598/1998 …” „… in?the?Host?City?Contract,?or?the?Olympic?Charter?and?treating?an?issue?that?bearson?State?action,?public?interest,?or?violating?Community?and?constitutional?rules …” „… ?by?the?city?of?Athens?was?notdevoid?of?consequences?for?the?national? legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The end of amateur sport and the role of the IOC S. 58-59

„… legal?order?and?in?the?context?of?an?original?relation?of?collision?and?convergence,which?determines?the?boundaries?of?the?freedom?to?contract?with?relation?to?theprinciple?of?primacy?of?Community?law?and?the?principle?of?the?rule …” „… racter?of?sport?has?required?the?enforcement?of?a?set?of?rules …” „… th?century,?the?development?of?the?sports?phenomenon?has?escaped?privateinitiative.?States,?as?well?as?the?international?legal?order,?show?great?interest?in?sport.Therefore,?sport?is?an?object?of?constitutional?provisions,?national?legislations?butalso?the?object?of?service …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative framework of sport and its relation to the Olympic organization S. 57

„… introduced?the?question?of?the?special?order?of?sporting?rules.52 …” „… ?L.Silance?developedthese?theories,?making?often?a?reference?to?the?interaction?of?the?relative?rules.53The?Bosman?case54?which?will?be?examined?further?later,?posed?actively?the?issueof?leg …” „… ?adopted?the?way?sport?is?organized?in?Europe?on?the?basis?of?associations,?which?are?also?governed?by?private?law.?As?part?of?this?organization?structure,?the?Olympic?Movement?has?functioned?independently?and?has?set?the?fundamental?rules?that?are?in?force?for?sports?issues?concerning?these?associations58 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the rules of the Olympic Movement S. 181-182

„… .This?finding?puts?the?whole?debate?in?an?entirely?new?dimension,?since?it?leadsto?a?competition?not?only?on?the?basis?of?economic?interests,?but?also?on?the?basisof?rules?and?provisions?which?derive?from?different?legal?orders.?This?was?probablythe?main?reason?for?questioning?as?regard?the?2004?Olympics.The influence of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the rules of …” „… ? requires?compromises?andretreat,?it?makes?the?EU?an?institutional?star?and?dominant?of?the?rules …” „… MovementFrom?the?above-mentioned?rulings?of?the?European?Court?of?Justice?as?to?the?natureof?sports?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Charter and Human Rights S. 112-113

„… uropean?Union.?Therefore,?inevitably?the?question?about?the?relation?of?these?rules?withthe?national?legal?orders?is?posed,?not?at?a?level?of?private?rules?associated?with?thesporting?phenomenon?any?more,?but?at?a?level?of?rules …” „… ?is?the?Constitutional?Charter?of?the?Olympic?Movement.The?IOC?lays?down?in?a?text?which?is?quite?reminiscent?of?a?Constitutional?Charter,the?fundamental?rules …” „… ?that?are?binding?for?both?the?IOC?itself?and?the?entire?OlympicMovement.?Its?structure?comprises?the?fundamental?principles?and?the?rules?andtheir?amendments?that? the?IOC?adopts.?More?special?chapters?are?about?matterswhich? concern? the? Olympic? Movement …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Constitutional Treaty Draft S. 171-173

„… t?concern?the?freedomof?movement?of?workers.?As?the?Walrave?rules?held,?sport?is?caught?by?the?ambitof?EC?law?only?in?so?far?as?it?constitutes?an?economic?activity.?This?ruling?was?laterconfirmed?by?many?other?ECJ?rulings.The declarations of Amsterdam and …” „… ,?the?Commission?nowadays?still?oftenhas?to?use?its?imagination?to?find?an?appropriate?legal?basis?for?any?given?action?ormeasure?in?the?area?of?sport.393to?adopting?a?pan-European?sports?policy?has?beenopened?wide.The Constitutional Treaty …” „… cil.?I?thank?the?Chiefs?of?State?and?Government?of?themembers?of?the?EU?for?their?support.?This?event?establishes?a?determining?precedent?for?thesports?management?in?general?and?for?soccer?in?particular.?This?legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ad hoc section (ADH) S. 99-100

„… ;• if?the?arbitral?tribunal?ruled?on?matters?beyond?the?claims?submitted?to?it?or?ifit?failed?to?rule …” „… Even?though?CAS?arbitrators?are?not?generally?obliged?to?follow?earlier?decisionsor?obey?a?binding?legal?precedent,?they?often?do?so,?contributing?in?this?way?to?thecreation?of?a?very?useful?body?of?sports?law,169?often?characterized?as?lex?sportiva.Ad hoc section …” „… .warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.170 D Dedes P./Zaglis?A.,ibid,?p.17.171 Arbitration?Rules?for?the?Olympic?Games,?ar.1 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova CAS and ECHR S. 100-101

„… al?hearing,?the?right?to?rebut?the?opponent’s?case.?In?reality?many?of?these?rightsare?not?applied?by?CAS?and?especially?by?the?ad?hoc?section.?Some?minor?restric-175 Arbitration?Rules?for?the?Olympic?Games,?article?10?and?15,?Schreuer …” „… C.,?The?ICSID?convention:?A?commentary,?Cambridge?University?Press,?Cambridge?2001,?p.893.176 Arbitration?Rules?for?the?Olympic?Games,?ar.15.177 …” „… Arbitration?Rules?for?the?Olympic?Games,?ar.?19.178 Schultz …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Obligatory submission-standard clauses-human rights S. 101-102

„… nism,?leaving?the?other?parties?no?choice?but?to?accept?this?rule.?The?situationthough?is?even?more?intense?in?the?case?of?the?Olympic?Games.?According?to?article74?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?any?dispute?arising?on?the?occasion?of,?or?in?connectionwith,?the …” „… The?form?was?the?following:?“?I?agree?that?any?dispute,?controversy?or?claim?arising?out?of,in?connection?with,?or?on?the?occasion?of?the?Olympic?Games,?not?resolved?after?exhaustionof?the?legal …” „… ?remedies?established?by?my?NOC,?the?International?Federation?governing?mysport,?ATHOG?and?the?IOC,?shall?be?submitted?exclusively?to?the?Court?of?Arbitration?forSport?(CAS)?for?final?and?binding?arbitration?in?accordance?with?the?Arbitration?Rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Federations (IFs) S. 87

„… ,?Silance?L.,?The?Legal?Statues?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee?and?the?National?Olympic?Committees,?In?OARe,?pp.119-139.118 Olympic?Charter,?article?29?paragraph?4.119 Bye-law?to?rule?34.120 Article?37.87 …” „… e/supreme?rule(r).The?competence,?the?role?and?the?recognition?of?the?Ifs?is?regulated?by?the?articles26-27?of?the?Olympic?Charter.?It?also?made?clear?that,?because?if?the?requirementof? their …” „… ,? theOlympic?Charter?succeeds?in?spreading?its?rules?with?essential?effectiveness?andthe?leading?role?of?the?IOC?without?being?limited?though?to?the?Ifs.The National Olympic Committees …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Athens: the first European Host City in the European Territory S. 46-47

„… ?Games?causes?reasonable?doubtswhether?the?communication?with?the?community?rules?was?a?goal,?particularly?because?of?the?entire?historical?situation.?The?question?whether?the?entrusting?of?theGames? to?Athens?at? that?very?moment?and?with? the?absolute?application? of …” „… ance?with?the?European?Integration.?This?historical?challengeseems?to?find?its?essence?in?the?facts?which?show?the?meaning?of?the?rules …” „… ?and?themeanings.?The?European?dimension?of?sport?is?materialized?in?the?first?Europeanhost?city?during?the?first?Olympic?Games?of?Athens?making?the?community?rules,that?are?gradually?and?simultaneously?with?taking?their?form,?the?rules?of?the?Gameof?the?21st?century?for?the?Games?that?are?to?be?organized?during?this?century.43 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Charter and tolerance S. 117

„… In?contrast?to?the?rules …” „… A.,?The?legal?nature?of?the?IOC?and?the?Ifs?and?their?relation?to?the?internationaland?national?legal?order,?in?Klamaris N./Malatos A./Bredimas A.,?Olympic?Games?andLaw,?op?cit,?p.73 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games of a city, a contact, an ideology S. 117-119

„… In?contrast?to?the?rules …” „… A.,?The?legal?nature?of?the?IOC?and?the?Ifs?and?their?relation?to?the?internationaland?national?legal?order,?in?Klamaris N./Malatos A./Bredimas A.,?Olympic?Games?andLaw,?op?cit,?p.73 …” „… ? contractualcommitment?of?states?is?invoked,?which?are?required?to?adjust?their?legal?order/regime? to? the?volition? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Court of Arbitration for Sports (C. A. S.) S. 95

„… ? separation?ofpowers?in?the?sporting?system?of?rules.?Also,?it?seeks?for?a?charter/constitutionalcoherence?that?differs?from?the?one?of?the?states?and?communicates/interacts?withthe?state?legal?orders?by?the?host?city?contract?that?joins?in?every?organization.146The Court of Arbitration for Sports ( C. A. S. )HistoryIn?1981 …” „… courtThe?sporting?movement?is?very?interested?in?securing?its?submission?in?a?specialjurisdiction,?the?one?of?the?sport?judge.?This?choice?indicates?the?wish?for?autonomyof?the?sporting?movement?and?allows?to?the?sport?system?of?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Dispute Resolution-Establishment of a separate court S. 95

„… ? separation?ofpowers?in?the?sporting?system?of?rules.?Also,?it?seeks?for?a?charter/constitutionalcoherence?that?differs?from?the?one?of?the?states?and?communicates/interacts?withthe?state?legal?orders?by?the?host?city?contract?that?joins?in?every?organization.146The Court of Arbitration for Sports ( C. A. S. )HistoryIn?1981 …” „… courtThe?sporting?movement?is?very?interested?in?securing?its?submission?in?a?specialjurisdiction,?the?one?of?the?sport?judge.?This?choice?indicates?the?wish?for?autonomyof?the?sporting?movement?and?allows?to?the?sport?system?of?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community interest in sport and the formation of a European participial democracy S. 168-169

„… also?a?legal?interest,?since?via?the?prevalence?of?the?EC?law?it?dynamically?entersthe?conversation?about?the?relation?among?the?rules …” „… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Protection of athlete’s health S. 146-147

„… ? there?is?evidence?that?they?pose?dangers?to?health,?yet?they?are?legal.34 …” „… ete?than?is?drug?use,?yet?it?is?legal …” „… ? justified??Probably,?there?are?somepoints?of?the?regulation?that?are?overly?harsh?and?should?be?amended.?In?respect?ofthe?strict?liability,?it?should?be?stated?that?there?are?cases?of?moral?innocence?thatcannot?be?ignored.?However,?it?is?believed?that?the?rule?of?strict?liability?should?notbe?done?away?with.316 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Unfair advantage S. 145-146

„… reserve?the?“?the?spirit?of?sport”,?which?is?characterized?by?the?following?values:ethics,?fair?play?and?honesty,?health,?excellence?in?performance,?character?and?education,?fun?and?joy,?teamwork,?dedication?and?commitment,?respect?for?rules …” „… ? there?is?evidence?that?they?pose?dangers?to?health,?yet?they?are?legal.34 …” „… ete?than?is?drug?use,?yet?it?is?legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova In 2008 the world athletic society is hosted to Beijing. The importance of the Asian continent and the human rights crisis S. 49-50

„… .?In?the?framework?of?an?ideology?whichembodies?the?principles?of?the?Enlightenment?and?the?organization?through?rules,sport?as?part?of?the?international?athletic?movement?is?being?expanded/spread?systematically?and?with?the?frequency?of?every?four?years?which?follow?the?4?yearcircles?of?democracy,?promotes?its?positions?in?stadia?full?of?spectators.46 …” „… ? the?Beijing?OlympicGames?period?must?respect?Chinese?law.?As?to?those?legal?activities,?police?will?protect?themaccording? to? the? law.?As? for? those? activities? that? are? illegal,?we? police?will? handle …” „… ? themaccording?to?the?law.”?But?the?Chinese?made?sure?there?were?no?“legal”?activities.The?law,?essentially?was?to?not?allow?any?protests?or?demonstrations,?and?to?use?applicationsfor?protests?within? the? law?as?methods? for?detaining? or?marking? those? that? requested …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Education S. 198-199

„… f?EC?rules?infringements.In?spite?of?the?continuous?scrutiny?of?the?European?Commission,?the?2006 …” „… ? expensesmainly?for?the?non-Eurozone?countries,?related?to?the?cross-border?bank?transfersinto?Euros.One?legal?action?initiated?in?a?Frankfurt?court?by?a?German?consumer’s?organization?as?well?as?a?complaint?presented?by?two?MEP?to?the?European?Commission’sDG?Competition,?alleging?violation?of?Article?82 …” „… ?EC?were?also?decisive?for?obtaining?an?agreement.?Some?original?rules?were? incompatible?with …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter and consequences thereof. The concept of the Sporting Spirit, of sports traditions and of the Olympic Ideal and fair play S. 71-73

„… ?legal?approach,?in?so?far?as?they?are?incorporated?into?alegislative?system,?which?converses?with?the?positive?law.From?what?has?been?briefly?said,?it?is?obvious?that?the?Fundamental?Principlesof?the?Olympic?Charter?have?a?political?connotation?and?essence.?It?is?clearly?understood?that?through?the?revival?of?the?Olympic?Games?in?late?19th?century,?the …” „… .?TheCouncil?of?Europe88?has?adopted?rules …” „… ?Ethics-Fair?Play?on?Sport.According?to?the?Code?of?Sports?Ethics,?fair?play?reflects?much?more?than?mererespect?of?the?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Potential avenues of a more effective revival S. 131-133

„… we?probably?need?is?a?legal?commitment?and?not?just?a?moral?commitment.IOC?should?proceed?to?more?groundbreaking?and?innovative?methods?in?orderto?re-establish?the? truce.?Of?course? it?cannot?directly?commit?states?but …” „… tries?without?reason.?Of?course?the?“unreasonable?character”?of?the?attitude?will?bevery?difficult?to?prove.?However,?in?case?we?want?the?Olympic?truce?to?work?ineffect?we?should?accept?that?there?should?be?a?legal …” „… t?to?violencein?order?to?satisfy?their?aspirations?or?protect?their?rights.?Besides,?there?are?terroristgroups?which?could?never?comply?with?these?kinds?of?rules.?However,?it?is?believedthat?a?temporary?inhibition?of?the?armed?conflicts?is?not?a?utopia?and?even?if?wecannot?reach?the?respect? that? the?ancient …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova History S. 95-96

„… ? separation?ofpowers?in?the?sporting?system?of?rules.?Also,?it?seeks?for?a?charter/constitutionalcoherence?that?differs?from?the?one?of?the?states?and?communicates/interacts?withthe?state?legal?orders?by?the?host?city?contract?that?joins?in?every?organization.146The Court of Arbitration for Sports ( C. A. S. )HistoryIn?1981 …” „… courtThe?sporting?movement?is?very?interested?in?securing?its?submission?in?a?specialjurisdiction,?the?one?of?the?sport?judge.?This?choice?indicates?the?wish?for?autonomyof?the?sporting?movement?and?allows?to?the?sport?system?of?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law, Mass Media and Sport S. 193-195

„… icial?competence?or?legal?basis?on?sport,these?two?sectors?of?policy?are?closely?linked.?Both?sport?and?mass?media?have?asocial?and?cultural?role?and?contribute?a?source?of?entertainment?and?communicationat?both?a?national?and?international?level.Furthermore,?both?sport?and?the?mass?media?have?a?great …” „… xcessively?challenging.The?general?principles,?on?which?the?competition?rules?(including?the?ones?governing?the?sport?activity)?are?based?are?the?following:• Respect?of?the?general?interest?in?terms?of?the?protection?of?the?private?ones …” „… .• Definition?of?the?markets?on?the?basis?of?the?general?applied?rules,?adjusted?tothe?special?characteristics?of?each?sport.The?EU,?though,?is?aware?of?the?fact?that?in?terms?of?this?matter?there?are?manyperspectives,?the?confrontation?of?which?is?not?yet?examined?exhaustively.422 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Freedom of the athlete’s establishment S. 191-193

„… ?a?direct?application?of?the?ECcompetition?rules …” „… ?and?held?that?the?doping?regulation?does?not?involve?any?economic?objective.?It?stated?that?it?is?intended?to?preserve?the?noble?competition?andto?safeguard?the?health?of?athletes.?So,?it?did?now?allow?the?claimants’?appeal.The?ECJ,?judging?on?appeal,?even?if?ended?up?with?the?same?result,?proceededto?a?direct?application?of?the?EC?competition?rules?to?sport.?It?stated?that?the?dopingrules?are?subject?to?the?EC?law,?yet?they?do?not?constitute?a?restriction?of?competitionincompatible?with?the?Common?Market,?within?the?meaning?of?Art. 81 …” „… icial?competence?or?legal?basis?on?sport,these?two?sectors?of?policy?are?closely?linked.?Both?sport?and?mass?media?have?asocial?and?cultural?role?and?contribute?a?source?of?entertainment?and?communicationat?both?a?national?and?international?level.Furthermore,?both?sport?and?the?mass?media?have?a?great …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Volunteering S. 253-255

„… ? is?nointention?to?create?a?legal?relationship?on?the?part?of?the?charity,?and?no?contractualobligation?to?carry?out?work?was?imposed?upon?the?volunteer.?The?fact?that?a?volunteer?might?reclaim?expenses?did?not?affect?this?position.550Although?organisation …” „… s?using?volunteers?should?feel?relieved,?they?will?need?toensure?that?they?follow?some?basic?rules?to?make?sure?that?they?are?not?inadvertentlycreating?an?employment?relationship?with?volunteers.?These?include:547 Armitage?v?Relate?IT?Case?No.43538/94?ET;?Chaudri?v?Migrant?Advisory?Service?IT?CaseNo …” „… A.,?The?Olympics,?The?Celebration?of?Sports?and?the?Rule?of?Law,?in?Entertainmentlaw?Review,?2004.254• Ensuring?volunteers?are?only?paid?actual?expenses …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Human Rights and Olympic Games S. 104-106

„… ? theOlympics?are?not?a?mere?sporting?event,?but?an?event?with?intense?political?gravityand?legal?particularities.194The?European?Council?expressed?timely?its?positions195 …” „… ?as?an?important?virtue?as?Confucius?claimed?“In?thepractising?the?rule?of?propriety,?harmony?is?more?important.”?(1992 b:69 …” „… ?and?the?organization?via?worded?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International respond S. 135-137

„… The?Code?introduces?strict? liability?for?doping?offences,? includes?rules?abouttesting?(?ar.5?)?and?sanctions?(?ar.10 …” „… ?).?The?rule?about?strict?liability?seems?to?be?areally?rigid?one.?Its?consistency,?though,?with?principles?such?as?the?presumptionof? innocence,287?n.c.n.p.s.l.certa,288?nulla? poena? sine? culpa? is? really? doubtful.289 …” „… ?it?was?announced?by?the?Commission?that?the?EU?would?not?take?part?neitherin?Wada?function?nor?in?future?funding,?since?the?legal …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Conclusion S. 133

„… uld?accept?that?there?should?be?a?legal …” „… t?to?violencein?order?to?satisfy?their?aspirations?or?protect?their?rights.?Besides,?there?are?terroristgroups?which?could?never?comply?with?these?kinds?of?rules.?However,?it?is?believedthat?a?temporary?inhibition?of?the?armed?conflicts?is?not?a?utopia?and?even?if?wecannot?reach?the?respect? that? the?ancient …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The declarations of Amsterdam and Nice S. 171

„… t?concern?the?freedomof?movement?of?workers.?As?the?Walrave?rules?held,?sport?is?caught?by?the?ambitof?EC?law?only?in?so?far?as?it?constitutes?an?economic?activity.?This?ruling?was?laterconfirmed?by?many?other?ECJ?rulings.The declarations of Amsterdam and …” „… ,?the?Commission?nowadays?still?oftenhas?to?use?its?imagination?to?find?an?appropriate?legal?basis?for?any?given?action?ormeasure?in?the?area?of?sport.393to?adopting?a?pan-European?sports?policy?has?beenopened?wide.The Constitutional Treaty …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The gradual entrance of sport in the EC Treaty S. 170-171

„… ions?that?concern?the?freedomof?movement?of?workers.?As?the?Walrave?rules?held,?sport?is?caught?by?the?ambitof?EC?law?only?in?so?far?as?it?constitutes?an?economic?activity.?This?ruling?was?laterconfirmed?by?many?other?ECJ?rulings.The declarations of Amsterdam and …” „… ,?the?Commission?nowadays?still?oftenhas?to?use?its?imagination?to?find?an?appropriate?legal?basis?for?any?given?action?ormeasure?in?the?area?of?sport.393to?adopting?a?pan-European?sports?policy?has?beenopened?wide.The Constitutional Treaty …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The evolution of the community provisions on sport S. 169-170

„… also?a?legal?interest,?since?via?the?prevalence?of?the?EC?law?it?dynamically?entersthe?conversation?about?the?relation?among?the?rules …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport: a defined Community term with international references S. 167-168

„… ? theOlympic?Movement?rules …” „… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova European law and Olympic Games S. 152-154

„… ,?this?beingalways?prevalent.?This?case?law?carries?weight?with?reference?to?the?rules?of?theOlympic?Movement,? in? so? far? as? they?can?be? characterized?as …” „… J.,?(eds.),?The?European?Union?and?Sport:?Legal?and?Policy?Documents,?T.M.C.?Asser?Press,?The?Hague,?2000,?Foster K.,?Can?Sport?be?regulated?by?Europe:?an?Analysis?of?alternative?Models?in:?Caiger …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233499

Arnd Koch, Matthias Rossi - Gerechtigkeitsfragen in Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft

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Arnd Koch (ed.), Matthias Rossi (ed.)

Gerechtigkeitsfragen in Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft

Series: Augsburger Rechtsstudien

Volume 75 2013

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Ronald A. Brand Shaping the Rule of Law through Legal Education S. 9-21

„… Rule of Law through Legal Education Ronald A. Brand Those of us whose professional lives are spent in …” „… presentation that we can shape the rule of law through legal education. But we must first understand what it is …” „… rights. This brings me to the real focus of my talk, legal education as a tool for shaping the rule of …”

Peter Wendel Shaping Society and Economy by Law – Common Law vs. Civil Law: An »Enlightening« Case Study S. 41-78

„… renewable energy, the key variable is the legal climate. Germany has adopted a set of policies and rules …” „… and economics school of legal analysis. B. Primer on Law and Economics I. Homo Economicus One of, if …” „… . Rev., 2011, 863, 871; Ilg, Windsor Rev. Legal & Soc. Issues, 2006, 55, 59. 3 Ilg (Fn. 2), p. 59. 4 A …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Augsburg. Augsburg in der Welt Ronald A. Brand Shaping the Rule of Law through Legal Education 11 Jerzy …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845247427

Mahulena Hofmann - Harmful Interference in Regulatory Perspective

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Mahulena Hofmann (ed.)

Harmful Interference in Regulatory Perspective

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 5 2015

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Mahulena Hofmann Introduction S. 9-16

„… combat harmful interference? What are the legal consequences of non-compliance with its rules? How are …” „… international regulatory and legal framework develops much more slowly. The workshop provided a forum for …” „… legal instruments of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) adequately equipped to prevent and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Harmful Interference in Regulatory Perspective Mahulena Hofmann (ed.) Legal rules for …” „… . Dr. Mahulena Hofmann (ed.) Harmful Interference in Regulatory Perspective Legal rules for …” „… interference in regulatory perspective : legal rules for interference-free radio communication / edited by …”

Frans G. von der Dunk The ‘Space Side’ to ‘Harmful Interference’ – Evaluating Regulatory Instruments in Addressing Interference Issues in the Context of Satellite Communications S. 85-100

„… , in principle, be tackled with legal means from a variety of angles, due to the multi-faceted …” „… on three main legal instruments: the Outer Space Treaty,4 the Liability Convention5 and national …” „… of Outer Space (reprint 2010), 113-4; G. Gál, Space Law (1969), 129-39; S. Bhat & P.I. Bhat, Legal …”

Olga Batura Harmful Interference and Human Rights S. 215-230

„… competitive limited resource of radio spectrum.2 While other contributions to this volume study specific legal …” „… sectoral rules and looks at the potential of human rights law in this context. It focuses on the question …” „… conventions – content, possibilities of restrictions and legal standard of protection vary greatly. Moreover …”

Simona Spassova New and Alternative Means for Safeguarding the Efficient Use of Spectrum Resources for Satellite Communications S. 193-214

„… other, soft law or non-legal means. Why has this happened? The development of such instruments and rules …” „… was most recently debated in the international arena during the fifty-third session of the Legal …” „… strengthening of binding legal norms as the most viable solution for safeguarding, utilising and protecting the …”

Lesley Jane Smith Contractual Responses to Loss of Satellite Based Services S. 65-84

„… http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=URISERV:l24216a# amendingact [last accessed 1st September 2015]. 14 These developments are giving rise to …” „… Constitution and the Radio Regulations is best described by the ITU itself as follows: ‘The legal framework of …” „… referred to in the recent past as an ‘aggressive soft war weapon’.24 Legal presumption of compliance As …”

Jean-François Mayence Harmful Interference in Telecommunications under International and National Space Law S. 101-122

„… be used as a legal remedy for harmful interference in satellite telecommunication? This chapter …” „… . Malfunctioning may end up in service interruption or even loss of control. Therefore, the rules applicable to …” „… featured in 1. * LL.M, Legal Unit “International Relations”, Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy …”

Max Spielmann The European Commission’s Proposal for a “Connected Continent” S. 143-160

„… apparatus and installations of all kinds from causing harmful interference”. Beside these rules anchored in …” „… . These Radio Regulations (having, in light of article 4(3) of the Constitution, binding legal value on …” „… Frequency Allocations rules, will accordingly be deprived from the right to claim any protection under the …”

Guy Modert The Restructuring of an Intergovernmental Satellite Communications Organisation from a Luxembourg Perspective S. 231-260

„… a legal personality. Its initial governing bodies were the Assembly of Parties, the Board of …” „… any relevant recommendations of the Board of Signatories. It also adopted its rules of procedure …” „… Signatories established furthermore general internal rules and adopted decisions concerning radio-frequency …”

Gerry Oberst European Law as an Instrument for Avoiding Harmful Interference S. 123-142

„… international and EU law, and then identifies the EU rules concerning it in detail. Finally, it mentions certain …” „… and sharing rules of the RR; “accepted” interference, which might be more than permissible but which …” „… , with the exception that the 2009 EU rule expands the last clause of the definition to protect radio …”

Elina Morozova, Yaroslav Vasyanin Dealing with Harmful Interference – the Protostar Case S. 41-54

„… filing satellite networks with the ITU on its own behalf and securing their international legal …” „… deserves a separate detailed description as an instructive and interesting one both from a legal and a …” „… & Legal Service, Intersputnik International Organisation of Space Communications. ** Student, Masters in …”

Mitsuhiro Sakamoto ITU and Harmful Interference Prevention S. 31-40

„… private-sector entities and academic institutions. The legal framework of the ITU has been established by the …” „… without that intention. It implies that no difference is made in terms of application of the ITU legal …” „… of harmful interference have been resolved effectively in the ITU legal framework which relies on the …”

Justin (Gus) Hurwitz Satellite Harmful Interference: A U.S. Telecom Perspective S. 173-192

„… rules relating to satellites) also yields 28 results (many duplicating the prior search). Many of these …” „… (MSS), available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?u ri=CELEX:32008D0626. Justin …” „… Commission’s ongoing effort to update the rules that govern satellite operations by U.S. firms.5 This effort’s …”

Francis Lyall ‘Harmful Interference’ and the ITU S. 17-30

„… needed to do to wage effective war without regard to international rules.6 The third phase has been the …” „… . However, at that stage there was no legal compulsion on a new-comer not to use the same frequencies as a …” „… situations should be sought, rather than reliance on an imprecise rule. 23 Which I should/could have done …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265759

Wolfgang Wessels, Lucas Schramm, Tobias Kunstein - The European Council as a Crisis Manager

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Wolfgang Wessels, Lucas Schramm, Tobias Kunstein

The European Council as a Crisis Manager

Series: Studies on the European Union

Volume 19 2022

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3 The governance of the RRF: legal rules and procedural patterns S. 73-94

„… The governance of the RRF: legal rules and procedural patternsBox 3.1 Chapter 3: key takeaways– The …” „… the legal rules that the European Council July Conclusions and the subsequent legal acts envisage for …” „… (RSP),” para. 21.3 The governance of the RRF: legal rules and procedural patterns74Box 3.2 European …”

1 Introduction: an ambitious response to a severe crisis S. 19-40

„… need to analyse the rules and procedures that will apply, thus both the legal words and the real-world …” „… though the non-binding Conclusions still had to be transferred into legal acts by the EU’s law-making …” „… integration.The European Council Conclusions of July 2020 and their legal follow-upStudying the European Council’s …”

4 The impact on the EU’s institutional architecture: the European Council as key actor S. 95-120

„… July meeting as well as the specific legal rules and behavioural patterns of RRF governance. The …” „… does not contain specific rules regarding the European Council’s role in crisis management, except for …” „… European leaders themselves, on the other.As a general rule, “crises are said to represent the hour of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… 71The governance of the RRF: legal rules and procedural patterns3 73Governance mechanisms: legal …” „… deals with the key questions of how the basic decisions are put into legal provisions and what we can …” „… Council Conclusions of July 2020 and their legal follow-up1.120A lively and controversial debate: the …”

2 The roads to and from the July 2020 meeting of the European Council S. 41-72

„… come up with a ‘Plan B’, e.g., using Treaty rules on ‘enhanced cooperation’ which allow for legal acts …” „… formulated and established the Union’s history-making legal acts. Not only do the politicians of the EU and …” „… Luxembourg in 1970 and the Treaty of Brussels in 1975 then stipulated rules for the Union’s financial …”

6 Scenarios for the future: factors and conditions for success and failure S. 135-142

„… | Reactions of political leaders). However, with the making of legal provisions (see Chapter 2) and the use of …” „… feasible (and valid) test in the real word137rules (see Chapter 3) will not be strong enough to force …” „… member states to take the necessary steps, e.g., in respecting criteria related to the rule of law …”

References S. 147-160

„… . Available online at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32020D2053Council of the EU …” „… at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32020R2094Council Regulation (EU …” „… : https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.LI.2020.433.01.0011.01.ENGReferences148D’Alfonso, Alessandro (2021) “National ratification of …”

Conclusions: demands and opportunities for teaching and researching S. 143-146

„… governance. How can we rate the set of legal rules and their political use for spending public money …” „… its economic and social objectives, and what impact the new rule of law mechanism in the MFF will have …” „… fiscal rules, e.g., the provisions included in the SGP regarding national fiscal discipline.For a …”

5 Revisiting theoretical approaches: a controversial debate and the challenges for further research S. 121-134

„… in the making—will need legal certainty: “Ultimately, a ‘sovereign’ Union means treaty change.”300 …” „… which to deal with common problems of key relevance. This interpretation also holds true for the ‘rule …” „… roads) led to the Union we know today and bind the current members of the European Council to rules and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748928126

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