Filter results

Results (8180)

Sort by:

Select all Select all

Page 1

Matthias Lehmann, Christoph Kumpan - European Financial Services Law

No access

Select

Matthias Lehmann (ed.), Christoph Kumpan (ed.)

European Financial Services Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2019

Results in this title

Article 27 Authorisation, legal form, registered office S. 1365-1366

„… taking up business Article 27 Authorisation, legal form, registered office Access to the business of an …” „… UCITSD Dirk Zetzsche and Dominik Nast 1365 1 2 3 Member States shall determine the legal form which an …” „… investment company must take. The registered office of the investment company shall be situated in the …”

Article 4 Definitions S. 1471-1477

„… registered office in’; (iii) for depositaries, ‘having its registered office or branch in’; (iv) for legal …” „… representatives that are legal persons, ‘having its registered office or branch in’; (v) for legal representatives …” „… Directive 2009/65/EC; (b) ‘AIFMs’ means legal persons whose regular business is managing one or more AIFs …”

Article 4 Definitions S. 22-34

„… head office is situated; (ii) if the investment firm is a legal person, the Member State in which its …” „… Member State in which its head office is situated; (ii) if the APA, CTP or ARM is a legal person, the …” „… following definitions apply: (1) ‘investment firm’ means any legal person whose regular occupation or …”

Article 5 Requirement for authorisation S. 35-37

„… : (a) any investment firm which is a legal person have its head office in the same Member State as its …” „… registered office; (b) any investment firm which is not a legal person or any investment firm which is a …” „… legal person but under its national law has no registered office, have its head office in the Member …”

Article 7 Conditions for authorisation S. 1328-1331

„… , the names of those persons and of every person succeeding them in office being com- Art. 7 UCITSD 4 …” „… least, the organisational structure of the management company; and (d) the head office and the …” „… registered office of the management company are located in the same Member State. For the purposes of point …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 1104-1114

„… person, or a legal entity governed by private or public law, including a State, whose securities are …” „… are admitted to trading on a regulated market; (e) ‘shareholder’ means any natural person or legal …” „… another natural person or legal entity; (iii) depository receipts, in which case the holder of the …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 883-888

„… German legal perspective, Mülbert & Sajnovits, (2012) ZBB/JBB 266, 269. 14 Until 2 January 2018 the …” „… ) in relation to a legal person not referred to in point (i) or (ii), the Member State in which its …” „… registered office is situated or, if it has no registered office, the Member State in which its head office …”

Article 29 Minimum capital, organisation, key people, authorisation and withdrawal of authorisation S. 1366-1369

„… Member States shall determine the legal form which an investment company must take. The registered …” „… office of the investment company shall be situated in the investment company’s home Member State …” „… and of every person succeeding them in office must be communicated forthwith to the competent …”

Introduction to Chapter I S. 34-35

„… : (a) any investment firm which is a legal person have its head office in the same Member State as its …” „… registered office; (b) any investment firm which is not a legal person or any investment firm which is a …” „… legal person but under its national law has no registered office, have its head office in the Member …”

Article 42 S. 593-594

„… of which admission to official listing is sought Article 42 The legal position of the company must be …” „… , Art 42 (previously Annex Schedule A(I) (1) LCD) requires the legal conformity of the issuer: The legal …” „… is to be determined. There is also still no general EU legal act harmonising the rules on the law …”

Article 52 S. 604-605

„… undertakings for the debt securities of which admission to official listing is sought Article 52 The legal …” „… ) LCD) requires – corresponding with Art 42 regarding shares – the legal conformity of the issuer. The …” „… legal position of the undertaking must be in conformity with the laws and regulations to which it is …”

Article 8 Conditions for granting authorisation S. 1482-1485

„… office being communicated forthwith to the competent authorities of the home Member State of the AIFM and …” „… management of the AIFM; and (e) the head office and the registered office of the AIFM are located in the same …” „… company controlled by the same natural or legal persons as those that control another AIFM, a UCITS …”

Article 28 Limited scope of activities S. 1366

„… Member States shall determine the legal form which an investment company must take. The registered …” „… office of the investment company shall be situated in the investment company’s home Member State …” „… and of every person succeeding them in office must be communicated forthwith to the competent …”

Introduction to Title VIII Intro Title VIII S. 558-560

„… Novak P, ‘Brexit and the EU: General Institutional and Legal Considerations – Study for the AFCO …” „… Committee’ (January 2017); Eleftheriadis P, Armour J, Enriques L, Mooney R, Williams R and Young A, ‘Legal …” „… Aspects of Withdrawal from the EU: A Briefing Note’, Oxford Legal Studies, Research Paper No. 47/2016 …”

Article 2 S. 1684-1691

„… The method to reach this goal is by eliminating, at least to some degree, the legal uncertainties …” „… at least one of them has its head office, and 6 Guynn and Tahyar, ‘The Importance of Choice of Law …” „… authorities and publicly guaranteed undertakings, or – any undertaking whose head office is outside the …”

Article 22 Competent authorities S. 835-838

„… authorities Bibliography: Avgouleas E, ‘The Mechanics and Regulation of Market Abuse, A Legal and Economic …” „… abuse’ (2014) Compliance Officer Bulletin 1; Sandler M, Baker M, Tuson A and Evans S, ‘The EU market …” „… abuse Regulation’ (2016) Compliance Officer Bulletin 1; Schmolke KU, ‘Private Enforcement und …”

Article 23 Third countries S. 1200-1204

„… realised. Article 23 Third countries (1) Where the registered office of an issuer is situated in a third …” „… office is in a third country shall be exempted from preparing its financial statement in accordance with …” „… whose registered office is in a third country which would have required an authorisation in accordance …”

Article 53 S. 605

„… governing law is that of the place of incorporation of the issuer, i.e. the registered office (and not the …” „… head office) is decisive.2 Conformity as regards formation and operation An undertaking must be in …” „… Article 53 The legal position of the debt securities must be in conformity with the laws and regulations …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 958-965

„… relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions; h. ‘issuer’ means a legal …” „… legal entity or individual which offers securities to the public; j. ‘regulated market’ means a market …” „… mentioned in (ii), the Member State where the issuer has its registered office; ii. for any issues of …”

Article 1 Scope S. 6-10

„… via their head office.27 The place of the head office also decides on the home Member State of legal …” „… is defined by Art 4(1)(1) MiFID II, see the explanation in → Art 4 mn 4-10. Many of the legal persons …” „… ’,5 meaning that they apply in addition to the CRR and CRD IV. The Directive also encompasses legal …”

Article 22 a Delegation by depositary S. 1357-1359

„… investment, of the fact that such a delegation is required due to legal constraints in the law of the third …” „… enhanced level of diligence along the depositary chain. Article 23 Registered office, qualification and …” „… organisation of depositary 1. A depositary shall either have its registered office or be established in the …”

Article 8 Related parties S. 1331-1332

„… the shareholders or members, whether direct or indirect, natural or legal persons, that have …” „… first subparagraph. 2. In the case of branches of management companies that have registered offices …” „… have registered offices in Member States. 3. The competent authorities of the other Member State …”

Article 23 Registered office, qualification and organisation of depositary S. 1359-1360

„… . Article 23 Registered office, qualification and organisation of depositary 1. A depositary shall either …” „… have its registered office or be established in the UCITS home Member State. 2. The depositary shall be …” „… /EU; or (c) another legal entity, authorised by the competent authority under the law of the Member …”

Article 54 S. 605-606

„… governing law is that of the place of incorporation of the issuer, i.e. the registered office (and not the …” „… head office) is decisive.2 Conformity as regards formation and operation An undertaking must be in …” „… Article 53 The legal position of the debt securities must be in conformity with the laws and regulations …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 1317-1323

„… ’ means the Member State in which the management company has its registered office; (d) ‘management …” „… ; (g) ‘branch’ means a place of business which is a part of the management company, which has no legal …” „… links’ means a situation in which two or more natural or legal persons are linked by either: (i …”

Article 64 Procedural rules for taking supervisory measures and imposing fines S. 1664-1666

„… legal remedies available under Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 as well as the right to have the decision …” „… infringements listed in Annex I, ESMA shall appoint an independent investigation officer within ESMA to …” „… . 2. The investigation officer shall investigate the alleged infringements, taking into account any …”

Article 43 S. 594-597

„… determined. There is also still no general EU legal act harmonising the rules on the law applicable to …” „… ’ (also called the ‘EU incorporation theory’): If a company moves its head office from one Member State to …” „… the CARD is that of the place of its incorporation, i.e. where its registered office is located (and …”

Article 3 Intragroup transactions S. 1579-1584

„… group the parent undertaking of which has its head office in a third country, in accordance with …” „… parent undertaking of which has its head office in a third country, the same consolidated supervision by …” „… exchange-traded derivatives in the context of EMIR and to focus solely on the place of execution.4 For the legal …”

Article 46 General provisions S. 560-566

„… office is established to provide the investment services or activities to be provided in the Union and it …” „… the adoption by the Commission of the decision referred to in Article 47 determining that the legal …” „… protection and which are better qualified to assess the legal complexities associated with contracting with a …”

Article 74 Delegation of tasks by ESMA to competent authorities S. 1670-1672

„… documents and information subject to legal privilege, Article 61 EMIR confers on ESMA the supervisory powers …” „… indications of one or more of the above mentioned infringements. An independent investigation officer should …” „… right to be heard by the investigation officer; (ii) the right to be heard by ESMA with regard to fines …”

Article 16 Prevention and detection of market abuse S. 772-778

„… head office …, which has no legal personality and which provides investment services and/or activities …” „… State in which they are registered or have their head office, or, in the case of a branch, the Member …” „… to take into account the elements and legal concepts constituting actual and attempted insider …”

Article 44 Authorisation and applicable law S. 247-252

„… regulated market that is a legal person and that is managed or operated by a market operator other than the …” „… , where a regulated market and its operator are two distinct legal persons. In this case, it must be made …” „… and operators are distinct legal persons as is the case in, for example, Germany. Applicable law (Art …”

Article 17 Public disclosure of inside information S. 778-799

„… head office …, which has no legal personality and which provides investment services and/or activities …” „… registered or, in the case of a person without a registered office, where it has its head office. If …” „… transactions are executed by a branch office, notifications have to be submitted to the competent authority of …”

Article 35 a Civil Liability S. 1294-1301

„… subparagraph, or any exclusion of civil liability shall be deprived of any legal effect. 4. Terms such as …” „… Regulation, as implemented in the CRA Regulation, does not contain any legal definition of the term “having …” „… they are void (or have “no legal effect”). Any limitation must meet two essential conditions: first, a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… business Authorisation, legal form, registered office …” „… formidable challenges for the legal practitioner. Yet locating the relevant provision is insufficient; it is …” „… existing case law are provided, and bibliographies invite further reading. The method of explaining a legal …”

Article 20 Issuers incorporated in third countries S. 1018-1020

„… State of issuers having their registered office in a third country may approve a prospectus for an offer …” „… registered office in a third country. Context Article 20 should be read in combination with Art 2(1)(m)(iii …” „… for issuers that have their registered office in a third country (‘third-country issuer’). For all the …”

Article 63 On-site inspections S. 1663-1664

„… 66, the legal remedies available under Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 and the right to have the …” „… Regulation, ESMA may conduct all necessary on-site inspections at any business premises or land of the legal …” „… legal persons subject to an investigation decision adopted by ESMA and shall have all the powers …”

Article 6 Responsibility attaching to the prospectus S. 984-987

„… prospectus by their names and functions or, in the case of legal persons, their names and registered offices …” „… requires the persons responsible to be clearly identifiable by name and function or, in the case of a legal …” „… person, its name and the location of its registered office; it also requires responsible persons to …”

Article 2 Exemptions S. 10-18

„… by the home Member State of the firm, operator or provider.25 For legal persons, the relevant …” „… Member State is determined via their head office.27 The place of the head office also decides on the home …” „… Member State of legal persons that have no registered seat under the national law applying to them.28 In …”

Article 21 Disclosure or dissemination of information in the media S. 833-835

„… of Market Abuse, A Legal and Economic Analysis’ (OUP, Oxford 2005); v. Buttlar J, ‘Die Stärkung der …” „… and Clay E, ‘Market abuse’ (2014) Compliance Officer Bulletin 1; Sandler M, Baker M, Tuson A and Evans …” „… S, ‘The EU market abuse Regulation’ (2016) Compliance Officer Bulletin 1; Schmolke KU, ‘Private …”

Article 4 Home member state assumption S. 1324-1325

„… . II. Commentary The provision concerns, in particular, UCITS without a separate legal identity. Since …” „… management company having its registered office in the UCITS home Member State or that the management company …” „… person succeeding them in office shall be communicated forthwith to the competent authorities. Directors …”

Article 3 Exemptions S. 1469-1471

„… scope of AIFMD. In legal practice, special purpose vehciles have become relevant regarding the …” „… authorisation pursuant to Article 5 of Directive 2009/65/EC; (b) ‘AIFMs’ means legal persons whose regular …” „… which is a part of an AIFM, which has no legal personality and which provides the services for which the …”

Article 18 Entry into force S. 1784-1785

„… , 15; MiFID II 70 4, 8 – against legal persons MiFID II 70 7 Administrative sanctions MAR 30 2, 7 et …” „… seq., 10, 12, 15; MiFID II 70 4, 5, 8; PRIIPR 29 2 – against legal persons MiFID II 70 7 …” „… – exemptions AIFMD 3 1 et seq. – family office AIFMD 5 5 – marketing of units AIFMD 31 3 – risk management …”

Article 11 S. 584-585

„… of applications for official listing of debt securities issued by companies or other legal persons …” „… registered office, the Member State in which its head office is situated.4 Rejection of admission resulting …”

Article 1 Scope and UCITS definition S. 1304-1317

„… determines the legal elements which must be fulfilled. Context The UCITSD has a certain relationship with …” „… efficiency of the single market within the EU and the EEA, it is crucial to understand from a legal …” „… binding effect upon the supervisory authorities within the EU. The legal basis of these guidelines is …”

Article 1 S. 1680-1684

„… and Compliance 154; Devos D, ‘Legal Protection of Payment and Securities Settlement Systems and of …” „… International Law 423; Thévenoz L, ‘Intermediated Securities, Legal Risk, and the International Harmonization of …” „… the important systemic risk inherent in payment systems which operate on the basis of several legal …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 1751-1755

„… natural or legal person who holds a payment account and allows a payment order from that payment account …” „… or, where there is no payer’s payment account, a natural or legal person who makes a payment order to …” „… a payee’s payment account; (4) ‘payee’ means a natural or legal person who holds a payment account …”

Article 70 Sanctions for infringements S. 362-368

„… other natural or legal persons who, under national law, are responsible for an infringement. 3. Member …” „… legal person and the nature of the infringement in accordance with Article 71; (b) an order requiring …” „… the natural or legal person to cease the conduct and to desist from a repetition of that conduct; (c …”

Article 21 Depositary S. 1504-1512

„… ) a credit institution having its registered office in the Union and authorised in accordance with …” „… Directive 2006/48/EC; (b) an investment firm having its registered office in the Union, subject to capital …” „… subject to mandatory professional registration recognised by law or to legal or regulatory provisions or …”

Article 39 Establishment of a branch S. 237-239

„… registered seat and head office is not located in the EU/EEA, in the EU terminology: for third country firms …” „… respective areas of competence shall be provided; (b) all relevant details of the firm (name, legal form …” „… , registered office and address, members of the management body, relevant shareholders) and a programme of …”

Article 23 Powers of competent authorities S. 838-843

„… , to enter the premises of natural and legal persons in order to seize documents and data in any form …” „… authorisation to enter premises of natural and legal persons referred to in point (e) of the first subparagraph …” „… between MAR and other legal instruments. The fourth paragraph does not address the function of the …”

Article 19 Managers’ transactions S. 808-824

„… directors, officers and principal shareholders have long been subject to a disclosure obligation.10 In 2014 …” „… household for at least one year. The definition also includes a legal person, trust or partnership, whose …” „… associated person) takes part in or influences the decisions of a legal entity other than the issuer to carry …”

Article 16 Organisational requirements S. 65-120

„… access to all relevant information; (b) a compliance officer is appointed and replaced by the management …” „… circumstances and with the prior approval of a member of the firm’s legal or compliance function; (c) a physical …” „… than verifying compliance with the firm’s legal obligations, where the draft includes a recommendation …”

Article 34 Publication of decisions S. 869-874

„… of the legal person subject to the decision, or of the personal data of a natural person, would be …” „… ) Compliance Officer Bulletin 1, 12. Art. 34 MAR 2. Market Behaviour 870 Jörn Axel Kämmerer 1 Legislative …” „… person cannot be associated with a legal person (or employer) he or she has acted for; if so, “the person …”

Article 22 Annual report S. 1512-1514

„… the AIF has its registered office. 4. The Commission shall adopt, by means of delegated acts in …” „… change its investment strategy or investment policy, or both; (c) a description of the main legal …” „… on jurisdiction, on the applicable law and on the existence or not of any legal instru- Art. 23 AIFMD …”

Article 3 Definitions S. 1236-1242

„… ) ‘credit rating agency’ means a legal person whose occupation includes the issuing of credit ratings on a …” „… professional basis; […] (f) ‘rated entity’ means a legal person whose creditworthiness is explicitly or …” „… Grütze 5 6 7 8 9 differ from expert opinions, product tests, legal opinions and annual financial …”

Article 63 Requirements for the management body of a data reporting services provider S. 341-347

„… is the state in which their head office is situated. For legal persons, the home Member State is the …” „… country in which they have their registered office, or, in the absence of such registered office under …” „… national law, the country in which their head office is located. An exception from the authorisation …”

Article 17 Information requirements for issuers whose shares are admitted to trading on a regulated market S. 1179-1183

„… cases referred to in Article 10(a) to (h), of the natural persons or legal entities; (b) identification …” „… arrangements shall be put in place so that the shareholders, or the natural persons or legal entities entitled …” „… , or in the cases referred to in Article 10(a) to (e) the natural persons or legal entities entitled to …”

Article 4 Exemptions from the obligation to publish a prospectus S. 969-974

„… equivalence decisions in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 24(2), stating whether the legal …” „… indicate why it considers that the legal and supervisory framework of the third country concerned is to be …” „… considered equivalent and shall provide relevant information to this end. Such a third-country legal and …”

Article 26 b Implementing acts S. 1364-1365

„… Conditions for taking up business Article 27 Authorisation, legal form, registered office Access to the …”

Article 21 Host member state supervision in case of a branch S. 1350-1353

„… company's host Member State pursuant to paragraph 2, or persists in breaching the legal or regulatory …” „… ensure that within their territories it is possible to serve the legal documents necessary for those …” „… situation: the branch is subject to the host competent authority, the main office is subject to the home …”

Article 40 Obligation to provide information S. 239-240

„… respective areas of competence shall be provided; (b) all relevant details of the firm (name, legal form …” „… , registered office and address, members of the management body, relevant shareholders) and a programme of …”

Introduction S. 644-650

„… and Public Policy 101; Harry McVea, ‘What’s wrong with insider dealing?’ (1995) 15 Legal Studies 390 …” „… ; Kennth E Scott, ‘Insider Trading: Rule 10b-5, Disclosure and Corporate Privacy’ (1980) 9 Journal of Legal …” „… is problematic considering the importance of legal certainty and the formidable sanctions that a …”

Introduction to Chapter III Intro Chapter III S. 221-222

„… and head office is located in the EU/EEA. It is structured as follows: Art 34 MiFID establishes the …” „… Union’ and seek to ‘abolish the technical and legal restrictions on access to regulated markets.’1 From …”

Article 56 Prohibition of controlling stakes S. 1394-1396

„… investing its assets mainly in the securities of issuing bodies having their registered offices in that …” „… 2 3 than operating a business. This is because additional legal obligations are prompted once the …”

Articles 36 to 39 S. 1301-1303

„… to determine. In that case, the place of the registered office of the assessed company or the …” „… court must be determined by applying the rules of private international law. The European legal user has …”

Article 30 Administrative sanctions and other administrative measures S. 852-863

„… of legal persons, maximum administrative pecuniary sanctions of at least: (i) for infringements of …” „… Articles 14 and 15, EUR 15,000,000 or 15 % of the total annual turnover of the legal person according to …” „… , where the legal person is a parent undertaking or a subsidiary undertaking which is required to prepare …”

Article 7 Application for authorisation S. 1480-1482

„… of the AIFM’s shareholders or members, whether direct or indirect, natural or legal persons, that …” „… office being communicated forthwith to the competent authorities of the home Member State of the AIFM and …”

Article 8 Insider dealing S. 692-705

„… or ought to know that it is inside information. 5. Where the person is a legal person, this Article …” „… the legal person concerned. I. General features …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 c) Legal persons …”

Index S. 1785-1803

„… , 15; MiFID II 70 4, 8 – against legal persons MiFID II 70 7 Administrative sanctions MAR 30 2, 7 et …” „… seq., 10, 12, 15; MiFID II 70 4, 5, 8; PRIIPR 29 2 – against legal persons MiFID II 70 7 …” „… – exemptions AIFMD 3 1 et seq. – family office AIFMD 5 5 – marketing of units AIFMD 31 3 – risk management …”

Article 26 Cooperation with third countries S. 846-849

„… abuse Regulation’ (2016) Compliance Officer Bulletin 1, 17. 4 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the …” „… information may be disclosed or such disclosure is necessary for legal proceedings. 3. The obligation of …”

Article 7 Procedures for granting and refusing requests for authorisation S. 38-41

„… 4(1), second para MiFID and comments thereon) and of investment firms that are legal persons managed …” „… . Under that RTS, the investment firm must submit the following information concerning its head office (cf …”

Article 9 Management body S. 43-50

„… that are natural persons or to investment firms that are legal persons managed by a single natural …” „… of a chief executive officer within the same institution, unless justified by the institution and …” „… identities of the shareholders or members, whether direct or indirect, natural or legal persons, that have …”

Article 14 b Details and proportionality of remuneration policy S. 1339-1343

„… of the business areas that they control; (f) the remuneration of the senior officers in the risk …” „… the legal structure of the UCITS and its fund rules or instruments of incorporation, a substantial …”

Article 30 Transactions executed with eligible counterparties S. 207-210

„… conditions for investment firms Art. 30 MiFID II Martin Brenncke 207 3 ing offices including public bodies …” „… compliance with the rules of the MTF or the OTF and with other legal obligations 1. Member States shall …”

Article 5 The prospectus S. 974-984

„… functions or, in the case of legal persons, their names and registered offices, as well as declarations by …” „… costs of translating the prospectus before the legal proceedings are initiated; and d. civil liability …” „… relevant securities and keeping the administrative burden and compliance and legal costs as low as possible …”

Article 4 Enforcement of financial collateral arrangements S. 1724-1728

„… obligor, either to publicise the interest in the collateral to promote legal certainty and avoid fraud, or …” „… ; (b) the terms of the realisation be approved by any court, public officer or other person; (c) the …”

Articles 14 to 20 S. 1284-1288

„… the company (name, seat, board of directors, compliance officer, ownership and organisational …” „… ); the registration application can only be submitted by legal entities, see ESMA, Guidelines and …”

Article 33 SME growth markets S. 217-221

„… and head office is located in the EU/EEA. It is structured as follows: Art 34 MiFID establishes the …” „… Union’ and seek to ‘abolish the technical and legal restrictions on access to regulated markets.’1 From …”

Article 45 Requirements for the management body of a market operator S. 252-262

„… directorships a member of the management body can hold, in any legal entity, at the same time shall take into …” „… reporting services provider or an officer of a shareholder (with 5% or more of the voting rights of a market …” „… group or an officer, or otherwise is/has been associated (in-)directly with a material supplier or …”

Article 24 General principles and information to clients S. 157-180

„… firm or any other legal or economic relationships, such as contractual relation- 13 Brenncke, Regelung …” „… has such close legal or economic relationships, such as contractual relationships, as to pose a risk …” „… investment services, such as custody costs, settlement and exchange fees, regulatory levies or legal fees …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893

Dariusz Szostek, Mariusz Załucki - Internet and New Technologies Law

Access

Select

Dariusz Szostek (ed.), Mariusz Załucki (ed.)

Internet and New Technologies Law

2021

Results in this title

Fryderyk Zoll The Legal Tech and the Legal Profession – the New Technology Enters the Lawyers’ Offices S. 119-128

„… conservative reluctance towards the technological innovation in the law offices see: Mark McKamey, ‘Legal …” „… Section Two. Internet, New Technologies and the Justice System The Legal Tech and the Legal …” „… Profession – the New Technology Enters the Lawyers’ Offices Fryderyk Zoll OSNABRÜCK …”

Felipe Garcia Teló, Ricardo Pinha Alonso The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and ist Influence Upon the Internal Context of Brazilian Companies S. 255-274

„… , accounting and legal scope, with an emphasis on the reflexes of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act (SOX) upon Brazilian …” „… intensely, since the promulgation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), in 2002, a broad legal framework on …” „… analysis of the compliance theme, seeking to define and present its modalities, among which is the legal …”

About the Authors S. 445-458

„… graduate of legal studies in Poland, he also learned about European economic and civil law at the …” „… electronic contracts, e-commerce, legal aspects of IT systems implementation and privacy protection. Member …” „… of the IEEE Legal Committee in the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent …”

Wilfried Bernhardt The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Justice S. 173-196

„… electronically, even if the Rechtspfleger (legal officers) are still officially involved in the individual steps …” „… checked, for example at the legal application offices. On the other hand, it could also be used by judges …” „… between different documents can be found or essential factual or legal aspects can be tracked down to …”

Gabriela Bar, Silvia A. Carretta, Shobana Iyer The Impact of Law Tech on the Future of Lawyers S. 129-144

„… fascinating and capable of revolutionising legal industry is likely to be with the use of Artificial …” „… Intelligence (AI). It will be the main driver of changes in the legal profession. In the digital world of the …” „… valuable as formal legal knowledge. The lawyers of tomorrow should focus on cooperating with AI, making …”

Ewa Rott-Pietrzyk, Dariusz Szostek, Marek Świerczynski Regulation and Control of Algorithmic Codes – a Necessity of our Times (?) S. 101-116

„… computer program, rather than as a text of legal provisions consisting of letters and grammatical signs …” „… language into algorithmic codes, see: Michał Araszkiewicz, ‘Algorithmization of legal thinking. Models …” „… , possibilities, limitations’ in Dariusz Szostek (ed) Legal Tech (C.H. Beck 2021) 57-83. Ewa Rott-Pietrzyk …”

Hongyu Fu, Chong Liu Privacy by Design in China’s Digital Privacy Laws and its Application in Smart Cities S. 361-380

„… , Article 25 specifies on “Data protection by design and by default” explicitly, making it a settled legal …” „… principle. In U.S., legal protection of privacy is based on a combination of the Constitutional protection …” „… The Chinese Legal Regime of Digital Privacy Protection Unlike EU and U.S., digital privacy protection …”

Introduction S. 5-12

„… Legal Tech and the Legal Profession – the New Technology Enters the Lawyers’ Offices 119 Fryderyk Zoll …” „… (politicians, scientists, entrepreneurs, social organisations) who make decisions (including legal and …” „… this area. It is also of particular importance for legal studies, which, as a science following the …”

Renato Bernardi, Heloísa Pancotti New Technologies as Exclusion Instrument in the Social Security System. The Brazilian Covid-19 Pandemic Case S. 75-88

„… welfarist national understanding. Access to some benefits has been hindered by successive legal modification …” „… lines in front of bank offices searching of redeeming amounts made available by the government. As …” „… Beveridge. The social security issue in Brazil is the major cause of legal disputes in all instances of …”

Zofia Bednarz, Kayleen Manwaring Risky Business: Legal Implications of Emerging Technologies Affecting Consumers of Financial Services S. 59-74

„… Risky Business: Legal Implications of Emerging Technologies Affecting Consumers of Financial …” „… analyses the challenges to legal and regulatory framework applicable to provision of financial services to …” „… financial exclusion, and argue policymakers and regulators must deliver a fit-for-purpose legal and …”

2. The IGF 2021 priorities as stated by the MAG S. 14-20

„… one of the first to fully adapt the national legal framework to the provisions of the EU General data …” „… terms of office as a member before taking the honour to co- 2. Krzysztof Szubert 14 chair it this year …” „… censorship include technical blocking of websites, search result removal, legal take-downs, and induced …”

Przemysław Polański, Jacek Gołaczyński Online Dispute Resolution and the Form of an Arbitration Agreement S. 209-238

„… modernize the judiciary by creating state-independent online dispute resolution systems. Latest legal …” „… proceedings (e.g. in the selection of arbitrators, methods of submitting and receiving evidence, etc.).5 Legal …” „… "how should a model for out-of-court dispute resolution function?"8 The current legal situation places …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748926979

Dariusz Szostek, Mariusz Załucki - Legal Tech

Access

Select

Dariusz Szostek (ed.), Mariusz Załucki (ed.)

Legal Tech

2021

Results in this title

Michal Wódczak LegalTech in a Law Office in the context of Standardization and Autonomic Intelligence S. 375-386

„… LegalTech in a Law Office in the context of Standardization and Autonomic Intelligence Michał …” „… the assumption that computer systems dedicated to law offices exercising the LegalTech orientated …” „… law office and embedded in a broader context of the entire legal ecosystem, is a dual process, i.e. it …”

Robert Pajak Information Security in Legal Firms S. 473-484

„… , trainees, persons, and companies cooperating with and having regular access to the office/data, etc. In the …” „… Information Security in Legal Firms Robert Pająk Introduction Law firms and lawyers have been an …” „… becoming the indirect target of attacks as (legal) service providers. In this way, by leveraging the trust …”

Iga Kurowska France S. 521-526

„… proficient in the use of the tools from the Legaltech 1.0 category, including basic office-related software …” „… opportunities offered by LegalTech tools since the second decade of the XXI century. Although none of the …” „… technologies has proved disruptive for the legal sector, certain disruptive technologies have been successfully …”

Wilfried Bernhardt Germany S. 527-542

„… Germany Wilfried Bernhardt LegalTech used in Germany: courts, law firms, arbitration The term …” „… "Legal Tech" is defined in different ways. In Germany, legal tech is sometimes reduced to the legal …” „… on an expanded concept of legal tech. In this respect, legal tech refers to the use of innovative …”

Tomasz Zalewski Basic Principles for the Effective Use of Legal Tech Tools S. 315-332

„… exchange processes between applications from the office package. Another noteworthy division of Legal …” „… Basic Principles for the Effective Use of Legal Tech Tools Tomasz Zalewski Introduction The use of …” „… technology in the provision of legal services is not a new topic. The use of technology in legal services …”

Zsolt Ződi Hungary S. 543-552

„… Hungary Zsolt Ződi The Use of Legal Technology in Hungary – General Picture Introduction The …” „… offices.1 The number of cases in these offices is not large enough and the complexity of the division of …” „… labour is not worth it to automate the office. Moreover because of the average small size, and lack of …”

Mariusz Zalucki LegalTech in the Judiciary: Technological Developments and the Future of the Court System S. 387-404

„… systems for office organisation and operation, document circulation, legal information systems, or certain …” „… LegalTech in the Judiciary: Technological Developments and the Future of the Court System Mariusz …” „… jurisdiction, in which traditionally sit persons holding the office of a judge. A judge is independent in his …”

Aleksandra Partyk Poland S. 597-614

„… current legal circumstances, it is out of the question for the administration of justice to be executed by …” „… discipline of legal sciences no. WPAiSM/ PRAWO/SUB/12/2021. Translated by Krystyna Sylwestrow. 2 Aleksandra …” „… be presented which are used on various fronts of the fight for an efficient legal process. As it will …”

Iga Kurowska, Kamil Szpyt LegalTech in Law Firms and the Work of In-house Lawyers S. 179-194

„… LegalTech 1.0 and used in everyday work of in-house and office lawyers includes software for word processing …” „… solutions, lawyers who want to implement LegalTech solutions in their offices or legal departments should …” „… office procedures. Chatbots The above mentioned chatbots constitute a LegalTech 2.0 solution whose …”

Maddalena Castellani China S. 503-520

„… China Maddalena Castellani LegalTech used in the country: courts, law firms, arbitration Due to the …” „… ." As will be seen later, Cina Legal system was able to solve in a short time the technological …” „… Affairs Committee), the Trial Management Office (Research Office), and the General Office (Judicial Police …”

Anna Zalesinska, Dariusz Szostek Electronic Communication S. 433-462

„… one of the key tools in LegalTech 1.0. Apart from digitalisation of resources, it was the first of …” „… LegalTech instruments used by lawyers. It underwent significant evolution over the span of years. Beginning …” „… law offices, are at varying stages of digital expertise. Those range from very weak – where only the …”

Pierpaolo Marano, Mario Zanin, Enrico Maria Scavone Italy S. 553-582

„… Italy Pierpaolo Marano, Mario Zanin, Enrico Maria Scavone Introduction Legal Tech1 is or at least …” „… is becoming a structural aspect in the conduct of legal affairs, in particular regarding dispute …” „… framework of Legal Tech have emerged. Moreover, promotional initiatives supported by public and private …”

Gabriela Bar Artificial Intelligence in the Law Firm of the Future S. 361-374

„… "artificial person" in the office or accepting it as a partner. It is possible that a new legal profession …” „… legal profession. Today, many law firms are still trying to resist changes or wait them out, but soon …” „… activities. LegalTech tools can replace lawyers in performing routine and repetitive activities (e-discovery …”

About the authors S. 617-628

„… Szostek_Bar and Partners Legal Office. His interests are related to intellectual property law and the law of …” „… ) A graduate of legal studies in Poland, he also learned about European economic and civil law at the …” „… is an assistant professor (adiunkt) in the Department of Legal Theory at the Jagiellonian University …”

Maria Dymitruk Legal Tech in the Law Enforcement Agencies S. 251-266

„… Legal Tech in the Law Enforcement Agencies Maria Dymitruk Introduction The tasks of the law …” „… individuals based on individual facial characteristics through pattern recognition algorithms. Legal Tech …” „… extremely broad spectrum of applications within the legal sphere. Due to the fact that information …”

Thiago Santos Rocha Brazil S. 487-502

„… publications, court proceedings, legislation and notary documents; f) management of offices and legal …” „… departments - information management solutions for offices and legal departments g) Artificial Intelligence …” „… of new technologies in the legal field is not limited to the verification of the results achieved …”

Dariusz Szostek The Concept of Legal Technology (LegalTech) and Legal Engineering S. 19-28

„… , Barriers, Doubts SECTION ONE. The Concept of Legal Technology and its Borderlands The Concept of Legal …” „… Technology (LegalTech) and Legal Engineering Dariusz Szostek Definition Information technology extends its …” „… matter, both public and private. The concept of “Legal Technology” (abbreviated to “LegalTech”, and its …”

Marek Swierczynski AI and the Work of Lawyers in the Light of the Council of Europe Guidelines S. 335-346

„… SECTION FOUR. Possibilities of Applying AI-based LegalTech Tools in Legal Practice AI and the Work …” „… systems. As in case of many other disruptive innovations, AI-based tools pose legal risks. They can be …” „… by AI systems being undermined, cause harm and result in legal liability for certain individuals …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Firm of the Future 361 Gabriela Bar LegalTech in a Law Office in the context of Standardization and …” „… Legal Tech Information technology tools in the administration of justice Dariusz Szostek | Mariusz …” „… Załucki (eds.) Dariusz Szostek | Mariusz Załucki (eds.) Legal Tech Information technology tools in the …”

Summary of the book S. 615-616

„… Summary of the book Lawyers, including advocates, legal advisers, judges and prosecutors are facing …” „… and legal aspects of legal assistance provided, to include court proceedings. The changes are already …” „… function at different levels of use of LegalTech tools. In states with low levels of digital competence, it …”

Vytautas Nekrošius Lithuania S. 583-586

„… Lithuania Vytautas Nekrošius To which extent are LegalTech means used in your country: in courts …” „… electronic systems of the court. Both natural and legal persons, where relevant, may use the services of …” „… following the procedure established by the Judicial Council and approved by the Office of the Chief …”

Katarzyna Biczysko-Pudelko LegalTech and Coud Computing S. 223-250

„… LegalTech and Coud Computing Katarzyna Biczysko-Pudełko Introduction When R.Susskind's book The …” „… International Legal Technology Association (ILTA), in which as many as 89 % of lawyers4 declared that they would …” „… legal industry, where as recently as in 2013 there were discussions whether to include the issue of …”

Bibliography S. 629-673

„… der Länderarbeitgruppe ‘Legal Tech: Herausforderungen für die Justiz’(Schleswig-Holstein, 2019 …” „… Visual XML Editor for supporting Legal National Standards’ in Proceedings of the V Legislative XML …” „… February 2021; Alpaydin E, Machine Learning. The New AI (The MIT Press 2016); Alsop T, ‘Legal Tech Market …”

Rafał Prabucki, Rafał Skibicki, Dariusz Szostek, Jakub Wyczik Algorithmisation and Tokenisation of Law S. 29-66

„… , i.e. without any computer". - S. Lem, "From the memoirs of Ijon Tichy" Introduction Codes, after Legal …” „… Design, are the second most rapidly growing branch of legal engineering within LegalTech, which is a …” „… legal regulator of cyberspace. Two decades ago this concept was considered by many to be futuristic, or …”

Michal Tabor Self Sovereign Identity S. 407-414

„… SECTION FIVE. Possibilities of Applying LegalTech Tools in Legal Communication Self Sovereign …” „… identification was established in European Union as legal definition in the eIDAS regulation. ‘electronic …” „… either a natural or legal person, or a natural person representing a legal person; (article 3 eIDAS) The …”

Wojciech Cyrul Computer Aided Legislation S. 129-140

„… legal texts in electronic format require the development and implementation of dedicated IT tools. These …” „… tools not only make possible the publication and accessing of the official texts of legal acts on the …” „… information processed in them. The digitization of legal acts and other normative texts is also stimulating …”

Maria Dymitruk Borderlands of the Law and Technology: from Digital Machines to LegalTech S. 67-80

„… Borderlands of the Law and Technology: from Digital Machines to LegalTech Maria Dymitruk …” „… of improving the work of lawyers and the functioning of the entire legal system. Inspired by the …” „… equated to LegalTech 1.0, crashed through the legal sector much later – principally in the 1980s and 1990s …”

Ewa Fabian, Przemyslaw Polanski The Changing Role of the Lawyer. The Case of Digital Accessibility. S. 165-178

„… SECTION THREE. Possibilities of Applying LegalTech Tools in Legal Practice The Changing Role of the …” „… more realistic to replace some of a lawyer's activities with more and more specialized LegalTech tools …” „… experts will gradually be replaced by a cheaper workforce capable of handling intelligent Legal …”

Tomasz Grzegory, Janos Puskas Legal Tech - Bringing Law into the “Twentieth” Century S. 81-98

„… Legal Tech - Bringing Law into the “Twentieth” Century by Tomasz Grzegory, Janos Puskas …” „… Introduction Legal professionals are renowned for their affection for the past. One could say that dogmatism is …” „… in the DNA of the legal profession. We still heavily rely on paper documents, attorney’s letters …”

Malgorzata Kurowska Implementation of LegalTech Solutions in a Law Firm – Methodology of Risk Assessment and Risk Management S. 195-222

„… Implementation of LegalTech Solutions in a Law Firm – Methodology of Risk Assessment and Risk …” „… Management Małgorzata Kurowska Introduction LegalTech solutions – due to the automated information processing …” „… the perspective of the core values associated with the legal profession. The values at stake here are …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748922834

Katrin Hassel - Kriegsverbrechen vor Gericht

No access

Select

Katrin Hassel

Kriegsverbrechen vor Gericht

Series: Studien zur Geschichte des Völkerrechts

Volume 19 2008

Results in this title

Die Gerichtsbesetzung S. 171-181

„… mit Beteiligung eines Legal Members.Demnach ordneten die Convening Officers nach dem Amendment Nr. 3 …” „… &url_tabelle=tab_karte, Stand: 15.8.2008Wie bereits angesprochen, hatte der Convening Officer durch Amendment Nr. 3vom 28 …” „… 1946 fanden 99 unter Mitwirkung eines Judge Advocate und 36 unter Mitwirkung eines Legal Members statt …”

Quellenlage S. 157-158

„… Office:Control Commission for Germany (British Element), Legal Division, and U.K. High Commission,Legal Division …” „… , and War Office, Directorates of Army Legal Services and Personal Services: WarCrimes. Files (MO / JAG …” „… folgende Auswertung wurde im Wesentlichen auf der Grundlage des Bestands WO (War Office) 2351 der National …”

Das dritte Amendment vom 28. Februar 1946 S. 146-150

„… normally appoint at least one officer having one ofthe legal qualifications mentioned in Rule of Procedure …” „… betraf den zweiten Absatz von Regulation 5. Er lautete ursprünglich:„The convening officer should …” „… 93 (B) as president or asmember of the court. But if no such officer is appointed, and in default of …”

Das Verfahren vor einem britischen Military Court unter dem Royal Warrant vom 18. Juni 1945 S. 152-155

„… Kriegsverbrecherprozess normalerweise ablief.79Grundsätzlich waren die Commander-in-Chief / Commanding Officer …” „… . Somit waren siehäufig Confirming Officer (Gerichtsherr) und Convening Officer (derjenige, derein …” „… verhandelt werden konnten.85 Der ConveningOfficer bekam vom Hauptquartier der British Army of the Rhine …”

Regulation 5 S. 127-129

„… Advocate bzw.Legal Member40 enthält und im dritten Absatz dem Convening Officer das Rechtgibt, in einem …” „… Officer namentlichbenannt sein. Die restlichen Gerichtsmitglieder konnten noch offen bleiben,jedoch musste …” „… . Dies konnte der Convening Officer dann tun,wenn von der angeklagten Tat nicht nur britische, sondern …”

Das zweite Amendment vom 31. Januar 1946 S. 146

„… normally appoint at least one officer having one ofthe legal qualifications mentioned in Rule of Procedure …” „… betraf den zweiten Absatz von Regulation 5. Er lautete ursprünglich:„The convening officer should …” „… 93 (B) as president or asmember of the court. But if no such officer is appointed, and in default of …”

Regulation 4 S. 125-127

„… Endfassung identisch ist.3.1.5 Regulation 4In Regulation 4 geht es darum, dass ein Commanding Officer …” „… / Commander-in-Chief, der das Recht hat, ein Militärgericht zu eröffnen (Convening Officer), allediejenigen in Haft …” „… made to an officer authorised to convene a military courthereunder that a person within the limits of …”

Regulation 7 S. 129-131

„… zu benennen. Der zweite Absatz besagt, dass der Convening Officer normalerweise einen Offizier mit …” „… juristischer Vorbildung als Gerichtspräsident oderGerichtsmitglied benennen sollte (so genanntes Legal Member …” „… Officer eine Person mit juristischer Vorbildung dazu bestimmen,als Judge Advocate am Verfahren …”

Das erste Amendment vom 9. August 1945 S. 144-146

„… as Judge Advocate, the ConveningOfficer shall by order appoint a person having one of the said legal …” „… quasi in das Ermessen eines Gerichts bzw. desConvening Officers stellte, zu beurteilen, was für die …” „… lautete ursprünglich:„The convening officer should normally appoint at least one officer having one ofthe …”

Regulation 6 S. 129

„… zu benennen. Der zweite Absatz besagt, dass der Convening Officer normalerweise einen Offizier mit …” „… juristischer Vorbildung als Gerichtspräsident oderGerichtsmitglied benennen sollte (so genanntes Legal Member …” „… Officer eine Person mit juristischer Vorbildung dazu bestimmen,als Judge Advocate am Verfahren …”

Inkriminierte Handlungen und Tatorte S. 181-184

„… Officer sich in solchen Fällen für ein Verfahren ohne Judge Advocate oder LegalMember entschieden …” „… auszugehen, dass der Convening Officer insolchen Fällen die Beteiligung eines Judge Advocates oder eines …” „… Legal Membersfür angebracht hielt, bei denen er neue oder komplizierte rechtliche Probleme …”

Anzahl der Verfahren und der Angeklagten S. 159-169

„… Judge Advocate / Legal Member, Ankläger und Verteidiger, die Anzahlder Angeklagten, die Anklage …” „… Originale sind in den National Archives in Kew,London, im Bestand des Foreign Office (FO) überliefert.51 …” „… nennt selbige Zahlen.54 Ziehtman jedoch die oben genannte Übersicht im Bestand des Foreign Office heran …”

Die Beteiligungsformen concerned in bzw. concerted action und common design S. 235-240

„… Gottfried Weiss, et al.). Der Deputy Judge Advocateberichtet in seinem Report, dass „the legal …” „… that it would only arise in the welldisciplined German forces if those troops and the officers knew …”

Schrifttum S. 338-354

„… : Vanderbilt University Law School, Punlic Law &Legal Theory Working Paper Series, Working paper No. 04–09 …” „… ; Stanford LawSchool, Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper Series, Research PaperNo. 87 vom März 2004 (Der …” „… he Guidance of Officers of HisMajesty’s Army, London H.M.S.O., o. J. [1912]. (zitiert: Edmonds …”

Fazit S. 232-234

„… besetzt. Bis zum Amendment Nr. 3 des Royal Warrantvom 28. Februar 1946 war immer entweder ein Legal Member …” „… dieser Möglichkeit Gebrauch und begründete dies häufig pauschal damit,dass eine Beteiligung eines Legal …” „… oder ein JudgeAdvocate anwesend. Mit diesem Amendment bekam der Convening Officerjedoch die Möglichkeit …”

Schlussbetrachtung S. 249-252

„… Royal Warrantvom 28. Februar 1946 war immer entweder ein Legal Member oder ein JudgeAdvocate anwesend …” „… und begründete dies häufig pauschal damit,dass eine Beteiligung eines Legal Members oder Judge …” „… . Mit diesem Amendment bekam der Convening Officerjedoch die Möglichkeit, ein Verfahren ohne die …”

Konzentrationslager S. 229-232

„… Royal Warrantvom 28. Februar 1946 war immer entweder ein Legal Member oder ein JudgeAdvocate anwesend …” „… und begründete dies häufig pauschal damit,dass eine Beteiligung eines Legal Members oder Judge …” „… . Mit diesem Amendment bekam der Convening Officerjedoch die Möglichkeit, ein Verfahren ohne die …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845211749

Hilke Thiedemann - Judicial Independence

No access

Select

Hilke Thiedemann

Judicial Independence

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 22 2007

Results in this title

Summary S. 435-442

„… independence under common law and continental law, followed by a brief introduction to theSouth African legal …” „… law and continental law systems. Part (B.) identifies the legal requirements regarding …” „… non-statutory norms in their legal context. The analysis alsocovers a comparison of the bindings of the judge to …”

Anhang: Guidelines for Judges of South Africa S. 443-446

„… judicial office.A judge should at all times comply with the laws of the land.In conducting judicial …” „… Prosecutions of any conduct on the part of a legal practitioner or public prosecutorwhich may be …” „… judicial office, should raise the matter with that colleague or withthe head of the court concerned.B. With …”

Richterbild und „Rechtsstil“ S. 61-85

„… applicable to it, and anyone holding officeas a judicial officer continues to hold office in terms of the …” „… . Insbesondere die Einrichtung eines funktionierenden Systems derProzeßkostenhilfe (Legal Aid) scheiterte bisher …” „… . 83, die Funktion von Magistrates so beschrieben: „The magistrateis a judicial officer [...] and is in …”

Besonderheiten des südafrikanischen Verfassungsprozesses S. 46-50

„… as a judicial officer continues to hold officein terms of the legislation applicable to that office …” „… Legal Systemand its Background, S. 329 ff.112 Siehe zur Herausbildung der Gerichtsstrukturen und den …” „… zugrundeliegenden politischenKompromissen Corder, in: Legal Studies 2004, S. 253 (257 ff.).113 Siehe Sec. 16 (1) der …”

Das Gerichtssystem S. 50-61

„… as a judicial officer continues to hold officein terms of the legislation applicable to that office …” „… Legal Systemand its Background, S. 329 ff.112 Siehe zur Herausbildung der Gerichtsstrukturen und den …” „… zugrundeliegenden politischenKompromissen Corder, in: Legal Studies 2004, S. 253 (257 ff.).113 Siehe Sec. 16 (1) der …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber nichtstaatlichen, gesellschaftlichen und parteipolitischen Einflüssen S. 270-290

„… office-bearers, such as judges who wield greatpower, as judges undoubtedly do, should be accountable to the …” „… , in: Legal Studies 2004, S. 253 (267).277Stellung zu nehmen1268. Es ist nicht Aufgabe der Gerichte, zu …” „… dignity, repute or authority of a judicial officer in his judicialcapacity, or of a judicial body, or the …”

Gesicherte Amtszeit (security of tenure) S. 292-314

„… of office of judges,their independence, security, adequate remuneration, conditions of service …” „… mandatory retirement age or the expiry of their term of office, where such exists“.1330 Das südafrikanische …” „… Siehe Sec. 176 (1) der Verfassung von 1996: 70 Jahre.1336 Sec. 176 (2): „Other judges hold office until …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 447-463

„… , Cape Town 1984.- „Judicial authority in a changing South Africa”, in: Legal Studies vol. 24 (2004), S …” „… judicial officers”, in: Consultus 1990, S. 31-37.Dombert, Matthias, „Ein Einzelfall? Zur richterlichen …” „… 2001,S. 49-66.Dugard, John, Human Rights and the South African Legal Order, Princeton 1987.- „Human …”

Verantwortlichkeit für richterliches Fehlverhalten S. 332-363

„… understandthe role the legal system played in contributing to the violation and/or protection of humanrights and …” „… immunity from legal actions and the obligation to testifyconcerning matters arising in the exercise of his …” „… misconduct[…] it manifests a lamentable ignorance of the status and dignity of judicial office in our …”

Abstrakte Sicherungen der Unparteilichkeit und Neutralität des Richters S. 371-399

„… reasonably beexpected that judicial officers should share all the views and even the prejudices of …” „… officers may, from time to time, carryout administrative tasks. [...] There may be circumstances in which …” „… the performance ofadministrative functions by judicial officers infringes the doctrine of separation …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber der Exekutive S. 134-238

„… promotions of judges are vested in a judicial body in whichmembers of the judiciary and the legal profession …” „… führenden Anwalt in Fällen gegen das Apartheids-Regimeund ehemaligen Direktor des Legal Resources Center …” „… Gerichts siehe Corder, in: Legal Studies 2004, S. 253 (265 ff.). Als richtungsweisende methodische …”

Sicherung der Neutralität und Unparteilichkeit im konkreten Fall: Verfahren zur Richterablehnung S. 399-412

„… must be seen tobe done, it is equally important that judicial officers discharge their duty to sit and …” „… . Corder, in: Legal Studies 2004, S. 253 (270).1845 Siehe eine Übersicht über verschiedene Fallgruppen bei …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber der Judikative S. 250-270

„… Legal Order, S. 286; siehe auchAndrew, in: Shetreet/Deschênes, S. 286 (287): „It is to be noted that …” „… nach Sachgruppen kennt das clerk’s office die Zusammensetzung der Panels noch nicht. Im Falle …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204048

1

2 3 ... 1636