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Ali Emrah Bozbayindir - Turkey and the International Criminal Court

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Ali Emrah Bozbayindir

Turkey and the International Criminal Court

Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht

Volume 5 2013

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Legal Consequences S. 60-61

„… alternative a substantial part of the group.214Legal ConsequencesArt. 76 (2) of the TPC prescribes aggravated …” „… such as the terms destroy and in partare interpreted in the legal literature with reference to the …”

Legal Consequences S. 92-93

„… the plan.403Legal ConsequencesIf a perpetrator carries out one of the acts referred to in Art. 77 (1 …”

Material Elements S. 74-92

„… ConsequencesIf a perpetrator carries out one of the acts referred to in Art. 77 (1) b) to h), he shallbe reproved …” „… thusreflects the latest development in this area of law. The difference is rather a consequence of the …” „… humanity and at the same time, retain the definition inthe penal code, which has its own functions of legal …”

Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 9-12

„… Transferring Children of the Group to anotherGroupe)56The Mental ElementIV. 57Legal ConsequencesV. 60 …” „… Sexual abuse of childrenb) 91Mental ElementsIV. 92Legal ConsequencesV. 92ConclusionVI. 93OrganizationC …”

The Mental Element S. 57-60

„… must be, however, ineither alternative a substantial part of the group.214Legal ConsequencesArt. 76 (2 …” „… jurisprudence,understands genocide to be a special intent crime.203The legal doctrine in Turkeyfollows the majority view …” „… “acting knowingly and willingly in respect ofthe elements in the legal definition of an offence”.206The …”

Mental Elements S. 92

„… the plan.403Legal ConsequencesIf a perpetrator carries out one of the acts referred to in Art. 77 (1 …”

Modified Incorporation S. 142-143

„… consequence to all these cases. Thus, a verbatim transposition of the Statute’sdefinition on superior …” „… the scope of the offence or the legal institution of superior orders. It istherefore, for …” „… understood in the givennational legal system. Considering the aforementioned examples and the fact thatthe …”

Complete Incorporation S. 141-142

„… cannot be directly applied to the Turkish legal system. If in thefuture Turkey nevertheless decided to …” „… of a modified integration of the Statute’s definitions into thenational legal system.Complete …” „… offences may prevent a possible under-inclusion or overinclusion of domestic legal system definitions of …”

Insanity and diminished responsibility S. 134-135

„… is narrower than the Rome Statute, but, still, the TMPC has to be amended for thesake of legal …” „… provision of the TPC reads:Anyone who due to a mental disease is incapable of appreciating the legal meaning …” „… to a temporary reason, under the influence of alcohol or drugs isincapable of appreciating the legal …”

Non-Incorporation (ordinary-crimes approach) S. 137-139

„… may retainexisting legal arrangements without violating the treaty.”648As a consequence of the …” „… jurisdictions towards incorporating the content of the Rome Statute, aswell as the legal traditions regarding …” „… international criminal law in the domestic legal order can be identified. “ Inthe view of these authors “this …”

Conclusions S. 148-154

„… history of international legal institutions. Notwithstanding the fact that theworld has witnessed …” „… the internationalinstitutions. As one of the consequences of the shift in the ICC policy, the …” „… be seen as informed legal policy, which aims at maintainingprimacy of national jurisdiction due to …”

Conclusion S. 61-62

„… elements of the crime are in accordance with the Rome Statute’s definition.As for legal consequences, the …” „… of crimesagainst humanity appears in different forms in various legal instruments.221 As setout in …”

General Remarks S. 62-64

„… accordance with the Rome Statute’s definition.As for legal consequences, the Turkish legislature prescribes …” „… humanity appears in different forms in various legal instruments.221 As setout in the ICC Statute, crimes …”

Superior Responsibility S. 112-118

„… the same legal consequences. Yetthe nature and gravity of these offences are substantially different …” „… subordinates.The legal obligation of the superior to act extends criminal responsibility in apeculiar way and …” „… covers conduct that is not covered by other legal institutions ofcriminal perpetratorship.497 Article 28 …”

Material Elements S. 49-57

„… Article 87 of the TPC onaggravated injury on account of its consequences for the purpose of legal clarity …” „… the lex certa principle and the legal policy ofthe ICC Statute, but it is not problematic as to …” „… deputies.This amendment to the draft was welcomed by legal theorists as it brought thelisting of the groups in …”

Intoxication S. 135-136

„… the influence of alcohol or drugs isincapable of appreciating the legal meaning and consequences of …”

Contextual Elements S. 64-74

„… Turkish law in line with international legal instruments. Therefore, Turkish courts may interpret this …” „… terminology in consistence with international legal norms247 as far as the semantic limits ofthe text permits …” „… Reflections on the International Legal Framework Governing Transnational Armed Conflicts’(2010) 15 Journal of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246666

Francisco Schertel Mendes - Leniency Policies in the Prosecution of Economic Crimes and Corruption

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Francisco Schertel Mendes

Leniency Policies in the Prosecution of Economic Crimes and Corruption

Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht

Volume 48 2021

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Chapter VI – Legal consequences and practical implications S. 278-318

„… Legal consequences and practical implications Introduction The use of cooperating defendants as an …” „… examines the con- Chapter VI – Legal consequences and practical implications 280 tradictions caused by it …” „… , INQ 4483 QO [2017]. Chapter VI – Legal consequences and practical implications 282 lateral …”

Chapter II – Collaboration agreements and macro-delinquency in Brazilian recent experience: notable results in the prosecution of corruption networks S. 86-112

„… , “Operation Car Wash” ended up causing legal consequences in different countries, gaining international …” „… ”, and underlines some of their essential features: item II.3.a examines the legal interests affected by …” „… through leniency policies347 or other legal mechanisms.348 The following items analyze some of these …”

Chapter V – Truth and consent in collaboration agreements: a rebuff to the contractualist approach S. 214-277

„… Claims Act, that the seizure of criminal assets and other legal consequences associated with a criminal …” „… . If the facts of the crime are yet to be determined, how is it possible that its legal consequences …” „… of legal practitioners, as occurred in German criminal procedure from the late 1970s onwards.997 This …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… approach from a comparative perspective 5. 275 Contents 12 Legal consequences and practical …” „… policies 2. 32 Competition lawa. 37 Criminal lawb. 41 The legal structure of Brazilian leniency policies3 …” „… . 80 9 The principle of “res inter alios acta” and the prohibition of legal challenges by third parties …”

References S. 327-345

„… Freedman BJ, ‘The Fiduciary Relationship: Its Economic Character and Legal Consequences’ (1991) 66 New York …” „… Und Praxis) (Verlag Dr Kovac 2015) Cairns JW, ‘Watson, Walton, and the History of Legal Transplants …” „… Coautores Ou Partícipes: Algumas Reflexões à Luz Do Devido Processo Legal’ (2009) 17 Boletim IBCCRIM 2 Ewald …”

Chapter IV – Consensual exchanges in German criminal procedure: the practice of negotiated judgments and the crown-witness regulation S. 150-213

„… defendant´s guilty and define the legal consequences, is a duty for both courts and prosecutors.” See BVerfG …” „… and diverge from the traditional logic of the Brazilian justice system. Over the years, legal …” „… difficult legal questions for courts and scholars. Unlike the U.S. experience, where transactions with …”

Introduction S. 17-28

„… , analyzing consequences of the proposed approach on legal practice. The critical appraisal proposed in the …” „… Brazilian law. Chapter VI exposes important legal consequences of the positions defended in Chapter V …” „… According to Peter Tak: “This figure, the crown witness, takes various names in foreign legal systems. In …”

Chapter III – Leniency policies: rationale, expectations and risks S. 113-149

„… Bradley J Freedman, ‘The Fiduciary Relationship: Its Economic Character and Legal Consequences’ (1991) 66 …” „… the great changes derived from the diffusion of legal mechanisms which allow the granting of benefits …” „… has strong foundations in the American legal system and is widely used in the prosecution of different …”

Chapter I – The development of leniency policies in Brazilian criminal justice and the contractualist approach to collaboration agreements S. 29-85

„… circumstances, assigning them a certain legal qualification and requiring, as an automatic consequence, the …” „… responsible individuals and imposing the applicable legal consequences.54 Throughout the whole process, courts …” „… not equivalent to the legal consequences of a judicial verdict on the defendant´s guilt.60 They do not …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748922599

Mahulena Hofmann, Andreas Loukakis - Ownership of Satellites

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Mahulena Hofmann (ed.), Andreas Loukakis (ed.)

Ownership of Satellites

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 9 2017

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Mahulena Hofmann Ownership of Satellites: A Simple Legal Fact with Complex Consequences S. 15-26

„… II. Ownership of Satellites: A Simple Legal Fact with Complex Consequences Ownership of Satellites …” „… : A Simple Legal Fact with Complex Consequences Mahulena Hofmann* Introduction The ownership of a …” „… latter phenomenon in these 2. Ownership of Satellites: A Simple Legal Fact with Complex Consequences 19 …”

Andreas Loukakis EU as Owner of Galileo Satellites: Consequences for Registration and Liability S. 111-132

„… EU as Owner of Galileo Satellites: Consequences for Registration and Liability Andreas Loukakis …” „… rather than national level ensuring independence from the US GPS), this may also lead to legal problems …” „… , various questions need to be addressed from a legal perspective. How can the system of public ownership of …”

Philippe Achilleas, Nicholas Puschman Landing Rights and Satellite Operators S. 255-270

„… global satellite telecommunications market continues to grow, it is important to bear in mind the legal …” „… and regulatory requirements of such expansion. One particularly important legal and regulatory aspect …” „… Trainee in the International Law Division, Legal Services Department, European Space Agency (ESA …”

Armel Kerrest Legal Aspects of Transfer of Ownership and Transfer of Activities S. 75-84

„… – whether ownership or activity – not to the legal consequence of this fact. The issue is based on the …” „… all the necessary legal consequences. I am quite aware of the difficulties and of the necessity to …” „… Legal Aspects of Transfer of Ownership and Transfer of Activities Armel Kerrest* Abstract The issue …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Simple Legal Fact with Complex Consequences Ownership of Satellites: A Simple Legal Fact with Complex …” „… and Satellite Communication Law Nomos Luxemburger Juristische Studien – Luxembourg Legal Studies 9 …” „… Luxemburger Juristische Studien – Luxembourg Legal Studies edited by Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance …”

Frans von der Dunk Transfer of Ownership in Orbit: from Fiction to Problem S. 27-44

„… legal consequences to be mentioned here as well. AsiaSat-1 and AsiaSat-2, owned by AsiaSat of Hong Kong …” „… frequent fact of life on orbit. This in turn raises the question of what legal or other issues such events …” „… indeed, the question has now become valid: does this raise legal problems or issues worthy of discussion …”

Jean-François Mayence The Relevance of the Concept of 'Ownership' in Space Activities and their Regulation S. 45-64

„… because of the difficulty to assess the legal and financial consequences of such a transfer on the …” „… relevant. One reason is the continuous 1. * Legal Advisor, Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy. 45 …” „… development of economic law which progressively substitutes other forms of legal prerogatives to property …”

Ingo Baumann, Oliver Heinrich Key Contractual Aspects in Hosted Payload and Condominium Satellite Projects S. 147-162

„… payload as part of the overall satellite procurement, or the client may build or 1. * BHO Legal. The views …” „… technical and legal issues.4 4 There is not much legal literature available on hosted payload. Reference is …” „… aligned in this respect. Launch Delay Above we have analysed the consequences of delays in payload …”

Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Martin Reynders Cross-Border Transfer of Operation (Ownership) of Satellites – Solutions in Line with the Space Treaties S. 65-74

„… . (DLR) German Aerospace Center Legal Support Space Administration. All views expressed are the personal …” „… ) German Aerospace Center Legal Support Space Administration. All views expressed are the personal views of …” „… ‘space object’ and ‘space asset’ it has to be noted that only space object is a defined legal term …”

Ioanna Thoma Transfer of Satellites in Orbit: the ESA Experience S. 97-110

„… contribution is to address the legal questions arising from the transfer of satellites in orbit and to present …” „… following sections, the legal solutions given to various cases of transfers of satellites from ESA to …” „… of the Registration Convention5 use different criteria in 1. * Legal Department, European Space …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845281476

Dana Schirwon - The obscurities of jus ad bellum proportionality and its interplay with jus in bello

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Dana Schirwon

The obscurities of jus ad bellum proportionality and its interplay with jus in bello

Series: Kölner Schriften zum Friedenssicherungsrecht - Cologne Studies on International Peace and Security Law - Études colonaises sur le droit de la paix et de la sécurité internationale

Volume 27 2024

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Chapter 6 Content, scope and legal consequences of jus ad bellum proportionality S. 303-344

„… Chapter 6 Content, scope and legal consequences of jus ad bellum proportionalityA. Content of jus …” „… chapter 2, section B. II. 2., pp. 118, et seqq.Chapter 6 Content, scope and legal consequences of jus ad …” „… chapter 4, section C. VI. 1. a., pp. 245 et seqq.1091 Ibid.Chapter 6 Content, scope and legal consequences …”

Closing remarks S. 345-352

„… attack and defence.1235 Furthermore, states confirmed aggression as legal consequence of …” „… by proportionality in fact limits the former jus ad bellum. As a consequence, the requirement of …” „… . As a consequence of the right of self-defence as a treaty norm, the rules on treaty interpretation …”

Chapter 3 Interpretation of Art. 51 UNC S. 133-180

„… jus cogens norm and hence bear specific legal consequences under the law of state responsibility.488 …” „… of the ILC 488 The legal consequences of the disproportionality of a defensive action under the law …” „… , modifies or conflicts with a peremptory norm. This legal consequence has been confirmed by the ILC in its …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-26

„… assessment of jus ad bellum proportionalityD.278ConclusionsE. 298Content, scope and legal consequences of jus …” „… bellum proportionalityB. 329Legal consequences of disproportionalityC. 335Closing remarks 345Chapter 1A …” „… defensive action under Art. 51 UNCIII. 300Content, scope and legal consequences of jus ad bellum …”

Chapter 1 Preliminary remarks S. 27-78

„… this context, the remaining questions of the scope and legal consequences shall also be answered with …” „… consequence, the following examination will clarify the obscurities of jus ad bellum proportionality with the …” „… help of the methodology of international treaty law: by interpreting the legal basis of the right of …”

Chapter 5 Relevance of jus in bello within jus ad bellum proportionality S. 253-302

„… . This becomes even more significant by taking into consideration the legal consequences of an …” „… Court in fact relates to the legal situation under jus contra bellum without any effects on the in bello …” „… wrongful act if in conformity with Art. 51 UNC.928 Furthermore, as a consequence of the principle of …”

Chapter 2 Historical, philosophical and jurisprudential aspects of jus ad bellum proportionality S. 79-132

„… defence.271 Aquinas thereby fails to clarify which legal consequences shall follow an infringement of his …” „… war, it only constituted an offence of international law without any further legal consequences.3062 …” „… international legal history as an instrument to perceive a rule of international law in its surroundings see …”

Chapter 4 Subsequent practice of jus ad bellum proportionality S. 181-252

„… and set up several Special Committees for this aim.608 As a consequence of these efforts, the UNGA was …” „… proportionality criterion from a moral but not a political or legal point.644 The Syrian delegate explains his …” „… sledgehammer as legitimate defence against a flea. See UN Doc. A/AC.134/SR.72, p. 88.642 See for the legal …”

Literature S. 365-387

„… Ahmad, Turkey’s (Latest) Invasin of Syria: Aggression, Proportionality, and Legal Consequences for NATO …” „… /turkeys-latest-invasion-of-syria-aggression-proportionality-and-legal-consequences-for-nato-and-third-party-states/, 17 October 2019.Haque, Adil Ahmad, The United Nations Charter at 75: Between Force and …” „… Justice as an ‘Agent’ of Legal Development?, in: Christian J. Tams/James Sloan, The Development of …”

Outlook The Israel-Hamas War since October 2023 S. 353-364

„… . Accordingly, the following legal assessment is based on the status quo as of February 2024. A. Summary of …” „… ’ members and their infrastructure, it necessarily includes civilian targets. As a consequence, civilian …” „… right of self-defence. Later, however, Israel also referred to its right of self-defence as the legal …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748943716

Khrushchev Ekwueme - Protection of Foreign Investment in Context

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Khrushchev Ekwueme

Protection of Foreign Investment in Context

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht

Volume 496 2007

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Legal Consequence of the Violation of a Stabilization Clause S. 211-212

„… national legal systems as well as in international law.«7828.4.2. Legal Consequence of the Violation of a …” „… profits (lucrum cessans)mandatory, a complete rejection of all the legal effects of such a clause will …”

Appellate Review S. 288-290

„… all available local legal and administrative remediesbefore bringing claims against their host States …” „… . Judge Guillaume has ably and aptly articulated the negative consequence offorum shopping as …” „… , under the pressure of the media, cannotbe the law of justice.«1120The other negative consequence of …”

Scope and Structure of the Study S. 27-29

„… arise from the provisionsof investment treaties. The idea is to gauge the current legal regime …” „… multilateralism should include the development of »smart« rules based on the lessons from the current legal …” „… bringing legal action against anyof the three tiers of government in Nigeria. It also explores certain …”

Overlapping Jurisdiction S. 290-291

„… . Judge Guillaume has ably and aptly articulated the negative consequence offorum shopping as …” „… , under the pressure of the media, cannotbe the law of justice.«1120The other negative consequence of …” „… disputes with similar legal is-1119 UNCTAD, supra note 563, at 118.1120 Guillaume, supra note 1117, at …”

Autonomy of the Will versus Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources S. 205-211

„… international law.«7828.4.2. Legal Consequence of the Violation of a Stabilization ClauseWhilst the leading …” „… itwill not unilaterally alter the legal regime of the domestic laws and regulations governingthe contract …” „… undertaken under a purely permissive condition on its part and are therefore lacking of any legal force and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… Permits 793.5.4. Environmental Regulation 803.6. Conclusion 85Chapter FourThe Legal Conditions for Taking …” „… 2058.4.1. Autonomy of the Will versus Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources 2088.4.2. Legal …” „… Consequence of the Violation of a Stabilization Clause 2118.5. Renegotiation 2128.6. Relocalization of …”

Final Conclusion S. 299-306

„… addition, the confiscation of a foreign investor’s funds without any legal justification or the use of …” „… remaining legal obstacles standingin the way of litigants (both foreign and local) in Nigeria relate to the …” „… be used as a legal cover by some international arbitrators to inject intothe laws unnecessary …”

Expropriation and Nationalization S. 174-175

„… benefit from the investment guarantees offered by the law. As apractical consequence, the NIPC Act …” „… foreign investor or foreign supplier may take legal action against the concerned entity in any country …”

Discrete Expropriation S. 90-95

„… possible, wipe out all the consequences ofthe illegal act and reestablish the situation which would, in all …” „… Tribunal stated that:»Opinions both of international tribunals and of legal writers overwhelmingly support …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845202907

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