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Charl Hugo, Thomas M. J. Möllers - Legal Certainty and Fundamental Rights

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Charl Hugo (ed.), Thomas M. J. Möllers (ed.)

Legal Certainty and Fundamental Rights

Series: Augsburger Rechtsstudien

Volume 89 2020

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Kathleen van der Linde, Juanitta Calitz Equality, Legal Certainty and Insolvency S. 353-382

„… principle of equality is to develop with coherence and purpose. IntroductionI. 354 Legal certaintyII. 354 …” „… Equality, Legal Certainty and Insolvency Kathleen van der Linde* / Juanitta Calitz ** Abstract: The …” „… legal certainty but also the achievement of equality. Legal certainty It is often mentioned that …”

Sabreen Hassen, Mispa Roux Legal Certainty and International Crimes: A Public International Law Perspective S. 103-134

„… Legal Certainty and International Crimes: A Public International Law Perspective Sabreen Hassen …” „… of human rights has to include international criminal law. Legal certainty sits at the heart of any …” „… Protocol, this contribution seeks to show that in an international setting, legal certainty cannot apply in …”

Mispa Roux The Significance of the Erga Omnes Obligation to Prosecute Genocide for Legal Certainty in International Criminal Law S. 157-188

„… The Significance of the Erga Omnes Obligation to Prosecute Genocide for Legal Certainty in …” „… International Criminal Law* Mispa Roux** Abstract: In international criminal law, legal certainty means that …” „… omnes obligation to prosecute genocide, and thereby ensure legal certainty in international criminal law …”

Aqilah Sandhu Comment: Legal Certainty and Human Rights in the European Legal Order – The Treatment of Preventive Detention in the German Federal Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights S. 135-156

„… Comment: Legal Certainty and Human Rights in the European Legal Order – The Treatment of Preventive …” „… * IntroductionI. 136 The “lively tension” between legal certainty and substantive justiceII. 137 The nulla poena …” „… of Fundamental Rightsc) 141 Difference in scope and contentd) 142 Legal certainty caught in judicial …”

Roxan Venter, Martha M. Bradley Legal Certainty in Terms of Head-of-State Immunity from an African and an International Perspective: The Article 27(2) Conundrum S. 53-84

„… Legal Certainty in Terms of Head-of-State Immunity from an African and an International Perspective …” „… visited the Hashemite Kingdom. These events emphasise the need for legal certainty regarding the …” „… re Al-Bashir, ICC-02/05–01/09 OA2 (27 Aug 2018), paras. 4–9. Legal Certainty in Terms of …”

Charl Hugo, Thomas M. J. Möllers Introduction S. 11-18

„… ” identified by the legal philosopher, Gustav Radbruch, between justice and legal certainty stating as follows …” „… (p. 137 et seq., footnotes omitted): “He [Radbruch] stated … that ‘legal certainty is not the only …” „… value that law must effectuate, nor is it the decisive value. Alongside legal certainty, there are two …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Augsburger Rechtsstudien 89 Legal Certainty and Fundamental Rights Charl Hugo | Thomas M. J …” „… .) Legal Certainty and Fundamental Rights A Cross-Disciplinary Approach to Constitutional Principles in …” „… Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hugo, Charl / Möllers, Thomas M. J. Legal Certainty and Fundamental Rights A …”

Stefan Lorenzmeier Comment: Rule of Law under German and European Constitutional Law – Comments on the Rise of the Neo-Patrimonial State in South Africa: From the Rule of Law to the Rule of Persons S. 43-52

„… law must create an expectation of legal certainty and consistency. At least in continental Europe, the …” „… served the ideas of both justice and legal certainty as well as possible.10 Most notably, Radbruch’s …” „… of legal certainty and positivism as embodied in the rule of law.11 He even considered that legal …”

Johannes Kaspar Comment: The Legalization of Cannabis in Germany S. 239-256

„… more clarity and legal certainty if it did so. In addition, this would eliminate the different …” „… legal certainty and legality. Given the circumstances, an individual cannot be expected to understand …” „… to equality (Article 3 GG) and legal certainty (Article 103(II) GG). Furthermore, the question of …”

Elmarie Fourie, Marius van Staden Labour Law, Vulnerable Workers and the Human-Rights Paradigm S. 301-334

„… predicting what legislative provisions require of them, then legal certainty, which is a central requirement …” „… legal certainty and is a central requirement of the rule of law and, as such, scholarship about the …” „… legal and economic empowerment for the vulnerable and marginalised, and also endeavours to combat …”

Jenny Hall Sustainable Development, Bureaucratic Implementation and the Need for Jurisprudential Certainty S. 257-288

„… Sustainable Development, Bureaucratic Implementation and the Need for Jurisprudential Certainty …” „… ). Development, Bureaucratic Implementation and the Need for Jurisprudential Certainty 259 Principle 4 on the …” „… Jurisprudential Certainty 261 the related specific environmental management Acts (SEMAs) that deal with different …”

Thilo Rensmann Comment: Head of State Immunity in Times of Uncertainty for International Law S. 85-102

„… Chamber. The quest for legal certainty with regard to head of state immunity before international criminal …” „… legal certainty with regard to the extent of the immunities enjoyed by senior state officials charged …” „… customary international law argument, hopes were dashed that the appeal would finally provide legal …”

Matthias Rossi Comment: Sustainable Legislation S. 289-300

„… sufficient legal certainty. While the author does not say it explicitly, she gives the reader the impression …” „… principle of sustainability is therefore, as a result, an indeterminate legal concept that does not provide …” „… : First, it is in principle difficult to try to understand the “actual legal situation” by means of a …”

Martina Benecke Comment: Discrimination in Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe S. 335-352

„… about how to deal with anti-discrimination law. There is considerable legal certainty about the …” „… . 340 Legal situation in Germany1. 340 Legal comparison in Europe: more or less prohibited grounds?2 …” „… . 341 Practical significance of the listed grounds3. 342 Legal consequences of discrimination, and …”

Murdoch Watney Preventive Justice and the Dangerous Offender: Seeking Solutions to Protect Society S. 189-220

„… pertaining to dangerous offenders in South Africa (which has a mixed legal system influenced by both the …” „… the continental legal system of Germany. The duty of the State in a constitutional dispensation to …” „… emphasise monitoring and rehabilitation within the wider community. Other legal systems follow an approach …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748906063

Anca Daniela Chirita - The German and Romanian Abuse of Market Dominance in the Light of Article 102 TFEU

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Anca Daniela Chirita

The German and Romanian Abuse of Market Dominance in the Light of Article 102 TFEU

Series: Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft

Volume 82 2011

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Consistency v Legal Certainty in light of the Form and Effects-based Approach S. 168-173

„… power of dominant undertakings. 4. Consistency v Legal Certainty in light of the Form and Effects-based …” „… law. Within this context, however, it is necessary to preserve a minimum of legal certainty and …” „… Commission’s Guidance could lead to legal uncertainty without providing better equity in individual cases.6605 …”

Excessive Prices in the Energy and the Gas Sector S. 242-245

„… In conclusion, it was difficult to achieve legal certainty using such cost benchmarks that are highly …” „… exceeds the prices charged by another operator. It is, however, in the interest of legal certainty that …” „… could make such calculations fall foul of legal certainty and cause arbitrariness. Particularly, the …”

The European Commission’s Standard: Total v Consumer Welfare S. 65-68

„… case-by-case specific analysis of welfare effects, which considerably reduces legal certainty.210205 …” „… institutional framework must ensure legal certainty for businesses in order to fulfil its task of controlling …” „… must ensure legal certainty and predictability for businesses. Therefore, a more economics-based …”

Introduction to the Challenges and the Gaps of the Guidance Paper S. 158-162

„… counter to the need to ensure legal certainty and predictability for businesses. Especially for the sake …” „… anticompetitive practices have been withdrawn or newly introduced in order to offer legal certainty for …” „… , The More Economic Approach to Art. 82 EC and the Legal Process, 3(2006) Zeitschrift für …”

Brief Overview of Responses and Concluding Remarks S. 196-201

„… weight to be attributed to the appraisal factors. For the sake of legal certainty for undertakings, the …” „… effects-based approach cannot be followed in all cases under Article 102 in order to ensure legal certainty and …” „… . 197 objectives or its legal interpretation of it.785 The FG’s main concern remains the …”

A Shift to More Effects-based Competition, Consumer Harm, and Public Policy? S. 213-217

„… amendment to the RCL, ex Article 7(5) contained a provision that aimed to ensure legal certainty and …” „… , The principle of legal certainty in EC law, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, 332; Schweitzer, supra n …”

Concluding Remarks S. 220-222

„… rule of reason. The legal balancing, therefore, would not endanger legal certainty for businesses or …” „… from the legal balancing of policy objectives. The latter legitimately addresses consumers, it implies …” „… , individuals and/or any legal persons who are actually and directly affected may request an investigation by …”

An Empirical Classification of Abusive Practices and Future Challenges S. 230-235

„… predictability and legal certainty for businesses, and administrative ease for courts. Such a system of …” „… have a slightly different understanding when transposed into a legal perspective. As the RCL refers to …” „… legal practice. Consequently, legal practice examines empirically such anti-competitive practices and …”

Stricter National Abuse of Market Dominance Rules S. 22-24

„… action at the Union level.31From the perspective of consistency and legal certainty and of preserving the …” „… substantive or procedural rules, however, may still reflect subtle diverging legal interpretations or slightly …” „… different legal standards or tests in practice.3631 Case C-344/98, Masterfoods v Ice Cream, 2000 ECR I …”

National Competition Authorities S. 25-27

„… conditions that would have existed in the absence of the abusive behaviour, to seek legal certainty, and to …” „… legal and economic concepts surrounding the abuse of dominance from a dynamic perspective. The chapter’s …”

Introduction S. 346-349

„… acts aims to ensure legal certainty and predictability and to enforce the balance of fair versus unfair …” „… directives aim to harmonise the national unfair competition rules of the Member States. Legal scholars have …” „… already envisaged various disparities due to their broad nature, and a real risk of legal uncertainty in …”

Brief Overview of Sharp Practices of the German Act against Unfair Competition S. 156-158

„… counter to the need to ensure legal certainty and predictability for businesses. Especially for the sake …” „… practices would rather focus on both market-and competition-related aspects, but not on ethical or legal …”

Conclusions and Reasons to Enact an Unfair Competition Control Regulation Union-wide S. 372-375

„… left unclear and could also be mentioned as a non-exhaustive list for the benefit of legal certainty …” „… the competitive process on the internal market. The legal interpretation of goals also favours control …” „… . Economic variables such as quality or innovation of the Guidance Paper may be extended because the legal …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… . Consistency v Legal Certainty in light of the Form and Effects-based Approach 1685. Anti-competitive …” „… Dominance 161. Brief Historical Overview of National Competition Laws 172. The Legal Background of the …”

Brief Overview of Short-Term or Other Policy Goals S. 68-74

„… differentiation possible, as before. However, it must ensure legal certainty and predictability for businesses …” „… competition, rather than free competition. This happens because under the AUC the legal balancing of policy …” „… , 181(2010) Michigan Law School Public Law and Legal TheoryWorking Paper Series, (2010) Antitrust Chronical …”

Anti-competitive Foreclosure and Consumer Harm S. 173-176

„… law. Within this context, however, it is necessary to preserve a minimum of legal certainty and …” „… Commission’s Guidance could lead to legal uncertainty without providing better equity in individual cases.6605 …”

The Teleological Interpretation of Article 12 to Article 102 S. 217-220

„… , Constitutional Law of the European Union, Longman, 2002, 209, 212; J. Raitio, The principle of legal certainty in …” „… to consumers. The rule of law or the strength of Article 102 as a legal provision is maintained if …”

Ambiguities: Where is a Clear Policy Standard? S. 162-165

„… advantage lies in ensuring greater certainty, when applied to all unilateral anti-competitive practices …” „… balancing, or to the legal basis upon which the Commission decides to establish in advance consumer «choice …”

Reconcilable Tensions of the New Shift S. 165-168

„… an even greater extent, the controlling market power of dominant undertakings. 4. Consistency v Legal …” „… Certainty in light of the Form and Effects-based Approach The EU case law on the abuse of dominance rejects …”

Final Concluding Remarks S. 342-346

„… an EU Control Regulation of such unfair competition acts aims to ensure legal certainty and …”

Bibliography S. 383-395

„… , Juha: The Principle of Legal Certainty in EC law, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003. Ridyard …” „… Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. Akman, P.: ‘Consumer Welfare’ and Article 82 EC: Practice and Rhetoric …” „… Comparative Perspective, Antwerpen, Intersentia, 1st edn, 2001. 384 Bernard, Kent: The Intel Cases – Legal …”

Distinctive Features in the Light of the Eighth German Amendment S. 146-150

„… shifting in the burden of proof is detrimental to the ensuring of legal certainty for undertakings and may …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845230306

Sergey Kabyshev, Luzius Mader - Regulatory Reforms - Implementation and Compliance

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Sergey Kabyshev (ed.), Luzius Mader (ed.)

Regulatory Reforms - Implementation and Compliance

Series: International Association of Legislation (IAL) / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesetzgebung (DGG)

Volume 17 2014

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Jean-Pierre Duprat Conclusions Panel 3 – Reform of Legal Regulation in Economics Conditions of a Better Balance between Necessary Adaptations to Changes and Interest of Operators for Legal Certainty S. 228-244

„… between Necessary Adaptations to Changes and Interest of Operators for Legal Certainty Jean-Pierre Duprat …” „… of legal requirements and for legal certainty at the same time. This is one of the criteria in the …” „… requirements through the certainty of the legal frame is a determining factor to reach a balanced situation in …”

Felix Uhlmann CAISSA S. 81-93

„… Centralized Regulation A Acceptance I Implementation S Serenity S Security (or: Legal Certainty) A Access In …” „… .; MADER (FN 111), pp. 29 et seqq. Felix Uhlmann 88 its dangers, especially with regard to legal certainty …” „… continuity of the law.31 How is such security, such legal certainty, created? Five aspects can be named …”

Timea Drinóczi, Miklós Kocsis Public Consultation – Theory and Hungarian Practice S. 303-324

„… separation of powers, supremacy of law (legality), principle of rule of law and legal certainty. From another …” „… requirement of legal certainty means that legislation has to be planned and calculated so as to ensure the …” „… legal system and the realization of legal certainty by predictable and foreseeable laws. However …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… of Operators for Legal Certainty 228 Jean-Pierre Duprat Table of Contents 9 Panel 4 Institutional …” „… (Russia, continental legal systems, common law), four panels addressed selected fields or questions: Panel …” „… Federation 18 Garry Minkh Regulatory Reforms – Implementation and Compliance Optimization of Legal Regulation …”

Alexey Avtonomov Urgent Legislation Drafting Technique Tasks in the Rule of Law Making in Contemporary Russia S. 62-80

„… , “members of the legal profession and the judiciary have an unstated moral obligation to assist in the …” „… , ex officina academica, p. 1287), which meant a “legal act” or a “statute” and traditionally was …” „… το” (the word also connected to the notion of justice). 62 legal acts in areas such as international …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845244228

Stefan Lorenzmeier, Dorota Miler - The New Law

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Stefan Lorenzmeier (ed.), Dorota Miler (ed.)

The New Law

2018

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Joanna Kruszyńska-Kola Time, Emotions, Legal Certainty and Justice. New Period of Prescription of Delictual Claims for Damages in the Polish Civil Code S. 47-60

„… 47 Time, Emotions, Legal Certainty and Justice. New Period of Prescription of Delictual Claims …” „… consumers (see Art. 117 § 21 of the PCC). Time, Emotions, Legal Certainty and Justice 49 based on a …” „… Court dated 24.2.2015, II PK 88/14. Time, Emotions, Legal Certainty and Justice 51 defence of …”

Katharina Fenkner Multilingualism and the Uniform Interpretation of European Union Law S. 141-156

„… . However, this does not solve the problem of legal certainty that a citizen encounters when trying to rely …” „… negatively influence legal certainty.29 23 …” „… approach, however, reduces legal certainty and makes judicial interpretation subject to arbitrariness …”

Olli Salmi Principles-Based Regulation and Compliance with Financial Legislation S. 341-360

„… ) complied with or not. To avoid these situations and to create legal certainty it would thus require that …” „… The main argument in my article is that legal rules must have such a form, that real life activities …” „… and create compliance systems which make it possible to comply with the legal norms. B …”

Juliane K. Mendelsohn The Theory and Principles of Banking Regulation after the Financial Crisis: No (Systemic) Risk, No Fun S. 307-326

„… legal remedies, there remains little certainty amongst scholars about whether it will be easier to …” „… economic description and legal definition of systemic risks. It analyses the consequences of too big to …” „… borrowing concepts and definitions from legal theory (the principle theory of Ronald Dworkin and Robert …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… German Law 27 Joanna Kruszyńska-Kola Time, Emotions, Legal Certainty and Justice. New Period of …” „… Existing Legal Norms and Principles Nomos BUT_Lorenzmeier_4088-8.indd 2 07.11.18 10:10 The New Law …” „… Suggestions for Reforms and Improvements of Existing Legal Norms and Principles Nomos Stefan …”

Index S. 405-408

„… , 263–266 Jurisdiction regulating norms 213 Jurisdictional conflicts 211 Legal certainty 147–149 …” „… , 104–105, 109 Fundamental decision 392–393 Fundamental Freedoms 158–160 Generalization of legal …” „… , 153 Legal effect 366 Legitimate assumptions about the law 369 Liability Regime 199, 205, 206 …”

Stefan Lorenzmeier, Dorota Miler Introduction to The New Law – Suggestions for Reforms and Improvements of Existing Legal Norms and Principles S. 13-24

„… 1 In detail see Kruszyńska-Kola, Time, Emotions, Legal Certainty and Justice. New Period of …” „… 13 Introduction to The New Law – Suggestions for Reforms and Improvements of Existing Legal …” „… early-stage researchers with diverse legal and cultural backgrounds and with different interests and ideas …”

Kleoniki Pouikli Propositions towards a Potential Revision of Directive 2004/35/EC on Environmental Liability with Regard to the Prevention and Remedying of Environmental Damage (ELD) S. 199-208

„… liability models by functioning as a minima compromise among legal, geographical, economic and ecological …” „… 4 Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/legal/liability/index.htm (visited 22.03.2017). 5 …” „… : http://ec.europa.eu/environment/legal/liability/pdf/eld_ms_reports/EL.pdf (visited 22.03.2017). 7 Environmental Agency, Review of Incidents at Hazardous Waste Management …”

Henriette Nilsson Tøssebro The Principle of Non-Retroactivity and Its Application to Administrative Decisions S. 361-378

„… one can ascertain the principle of legal certainty or the citizens’ legitimate expectations. The one …” „… the application of a new law that is adopted, sanctioned and announced after a legal position is …” „… Another account of ‘retroactivity’, commonly found in legal literature, is when a new law interferes with …”

Dorota Miler The Present and Future of Forced Succession in Chosen Civil Law Jurisdictions S. 89-114

„… legal certainty and prevent restitution of gifts,32 under some circumstances French law provides forced …” „… succession. B. Types of Forced Succession Rules There is no developed legal system that provides unlimited …” „… limitations identifiable in European civil and common legal systems: reserved portions, compulsory portions …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845283975

Robert Grzeszczak - Economic Freedom and Market Regulation

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Robert Grzeszczak (ed.)

Economic Freedom and Market Regulation

Series: German and European Studies of the Willy Brandt Center at the Wroclaw University

Volume 10 2020

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Artur Szmigielski Chapter 11: The open-textured nature of anticompetitive practices – in the quest for reconciling legal certainty with effectiveness of EU competition law in the digital markets S. 249-284

„… rights and economic freedom must be guaranteed, including the principle of legal certainty and …” „… ‐ gued that this phenomenon raises an inherent need to strike a proper bal‐ ance between legal certainty …” „… , should be considered in terms of probability, not legal certainty. This statement particularly pertains …”

Michalina Szpyrka Chapter 5: The importance of fines in the market regulation process citing the example of the Polish telecommunications market S. 133-148

„… detail later in this chapter. Legal (un)certainty The principle of legal certainty is one of the basic …” „… responsibility of public administration to implement the requirements of the principle of legal certainty. This …” „… predictable (Paunio, 2009: 1469). The principle of legal certainty is also inextricably linked to the freedom …”

Artur Szmigielski Chapter 2: Between economic freedom and effective regulatory enforcement S. 41-68

„… freedom in the light of a legal certainty and a social function of economic rights The freedom of economic …” „… , pursuant to the principle of legal certainty, must have a certain quality. In particular, it must be clear …” „… book, which deals with a problem of legal certainty in context of EU competition law). Under EU law …”

Tomasz Klemt Chapter 3: Methods and tools of regulating markets from a praxeological perspective S. 69-100

„… , does not encourage legal certainty in this respect (Klemt, 2018: 285)24, hence the initiatives to set …” „… have a positive impact on legal certainty and thus the respect for the economic freedom of …” „… specificities. Soft measures can contribute positively to achieving legal certainty and thus the respect for …”

Robert Grzeszczak Introduction S. 7-24

„… compliance with the prin‐ ciple of economic freedom and between ensuring legal certainty and citi‐ zens …” „… the growing regulatory activity of the Euro‐ pean Union and, as a result, the shaping of the legal …” „… ). However, in accordance with the principle of organ‐ isational autonomy of the Member States, legal forms …”

Artur Szmigielski Chapter 6: Limits of investigative and sanctioning powers of competition authorities S. 149-166

„… assessment of those proceedings, which translates into legal certainty for undertakings and protection of …” „… situation leads to legal uncertainty, and it must be pointed out that legal certainty is an important …” „… words: legal professional privilege, nullum crimen sine lege, ne bis in idem, procedural due process …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… anticompetitive practices – in the quest for reconciling legal certainty with effectiveness of EU competition law …” „… decisions Chapter 8: 187 Michał Dorociak EU regulation as the sole substantive legal basis for the Polish …”

Michalina Szpyrka Chapter 12: The inadequacy of regulatory actions to market problems on the example of the Polish telecommunication market S. 285-300

„… effectively enforced without breaching the principle of legal certainty. Focusing on the implementation of EU …” „… launching the appeal procedure against the deci‐ sion of the regulatory body, thus causing legal uncertainty …” „… : unofficial consolidated translation. Legal status as of De‐ cember 2017 (OJ 12.10.2017 …”

Tomasz Klemt Chapter 10: Financial market – in search of optimal consumer (customer) protection S. 231-248

„… was stressed as this would in‐ crease legal certainty in the operation of market players. It was also …” „… traditional methods of legal research and legal analysis only. Hence the use of the law in action aspect and …” „… protection in all Union policies. This makes consumer law different from other elements of the legal system …”

Paweł Wajda Chapter 9: EU regulation as the sole substantive legal basis for the Polish Financial Supervision Authority to issue an administrative decision – an analysis on the basis of regulations under Article ... S. 209-230

„… courts that the principle of legal certainty and definiteness, which is one of the constituent elements …” „… EU regulation as the sole substantive legal basis for the Polish Financial Supervision Authority to …” „… Regulation 575/2013 Paweł Wajda Key words: banking law, administrative decision; legal basis; regulation of …”

Michał Dorociak Chapter 8: Scope of regulatory discretion in the banking union in the light of judicial review of European Central Bank’s decisions S. 187-208

„… legal certainty, non-discrimination and pro‐ portionality.’ Important as these principles may be, their …” „… unnecessar‐ ily interfere with natural and legal persons’ freedom in the European Union. Nevertheless, no …” „… discussion of the significance of judicial review in general. Secondly, the legal framework for judicial …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748908463

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