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Bertrand P. Wägenbaur - Court of Justice of the EU

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Bertrand P. Wägenbaur

Court of Justice of the EU

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2013

Results in this title

Application for legal aid S. 434-437

„… Application for legal aid1. A party to the main proceedings who is wholly or in part unable to meet thecosts …” „… of the proceedings before the Court may at any time apply for legal aid.2. The application shall be …” „… an application for legal aid, a party also has to consider the ECJ’s“Supplementary Rules”445. Such an …”

Prior application for legal aid S. 556

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm3. Inadmissible appeal7An application for legal aid is …” „… , the other party will be heard on this application for legal aid.Subsequently, the ECJ decides on the …” „… application without a hearing.Article 186 Prior application for legal aid1. If the application is made prior …”

Decision on the application for legal aid S. 556-557

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm3. Inadmissible appeal7An application for legal aid is …” „… , the other party will be heard on this application for legal aid.Subsequently, the ECJ decides on the …” „… application without a hearing.Article 186 Prior application for legal aid1. If the application is made prior …”

Decision on the application for legal aid S. 437

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 116 Decision on the application for legal aid1. As …” „… soon as the application for legal aid has been lodged it shall be assignedby the President to the …” „… from the list referred to inArticle 28(3) on the date on which the application for legal aid is brought …”

[Procedural and substantive conditions] S. 841-848

„… legal aid carry the acronym “AJ” (“assistance judiciaire”).2. Legal aid application form2 Every …” „… application for legal aid must be made using the legal aid application form,which is available on the ECJ’s …” „… theapplication in the main proceedings, since an application for legal aid does not havethe same object as the …”

[Contents of an application] S. 659-682

„… of legal pleas the applicant may raise in his application.bb) Page numbers50 The Rules of Procedure …” „… if the subject is particularly complex concerning the facts and/orthe legal aspects, an application …” „… application has the same purpose and is based onthe same legal grounds323, the names and residences of all …”

Legal aid S. 554-556

„… unable to meet the costs of the proceedingsmay at any time apply for legal aid.2. The application shall …” „… application for legal aidin a prominent place (ideally the front page) on its website, rather than in the …” „… application for legal aid, including which documentsone ought to include or exclude; what sorts of cases ought …”

[Specific procedure] S. 851-854

„… seeks to bring before theCourt cannot be clearly understood from the legal aid application form1559.IV …” „… . Application form (paragraph 3)10 Any application for legal aid must be submitted using the prescribed form1560 …” „… .Article 96 [Specific procedure]1. Before giving its decision on an application for legal aid, the General …”

Content of the application S. 442-449

„… application is admissible if all partieschallenge the same decision and rely on the same legal pleas468.2 …” „… application, if necessary, withoutany further information from the applicant. In order to guarantee legal …” „… applicant to coherently and intelligently indicate in the application the basic “legal and factual …”

[Relevant documents] S. 848-851

„… for legal aid may be made before or after the action has beenbrought.The application need not be made …” „… through a lawyer.2. The application for legal aid must be accompanied by all information andsupporting …” „… 150, for thecompulsory use of a form in making an application for legal aid.Outline:I. Application …”

[Contents of the statement of defence] S. 682-690

„… of legal arguments and grounds. The arguments on the meritsof the application should be divided, if …” „… legal grounds raised in the administrative complaint and those raised in the application.4 …” „… the application]The application shall be served on the defendant. In a case where Article 44(6)applies …”

Application for suspension or for interim measures S. 517-526

„… judge will apply a less stringent legal test bymerely assessing whether the application, lacks any …” „… might appear, mustnot merely refer to the legal arguments put forward in the application in the …” „… circumstances, to prove the urgency of such application.III. Contents of the application (paragraph 3)1. General …”

[Further evidence; no new pleas in law] S. 696-704

„… thesubstance of the application or the legal ground concerned581 “in the interest ofjudicial protection”582.II …” „… GC grants a time-limit of onemonth (plus ten days on account of distance).b) Application for …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16c) New factual or legal pleas …”

[Taxation] S. 830-841

„… recoverable1391. This is thus a specific legal remedywhich rules out any circumvention, such as an application …” „… application form2 Every application for legal aid must be made using the legal aid application form,which is …” „… these costs oraccept a flat rate of 5 % on the legal fees deemed to have been necessarilyincurred1388.ff …”

Sums to be advanced as legal aid S. 437

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 116 Decision on the application for legal aid1. As …” „… soon as the application for legal aid has been lodged it shall be assignedby the President to the …” „… from the list referred to inArticle 28(3) on the date on which the application for legal aid is brought …”

[General rules for pleadings] S. 643-659

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16b) Specific legal basis …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184. Application for measures of organization of procedure …” „… also because clear presentation of the relevant facts is a first steptowards choosing amongst legal …”

Withdrawal of legal aid S. 437-438

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 116 Decision on the application for legal aid1. As …” „… soon as the application for legal aid has been lodged it shall be assignedby the President to the …” „… from the list referred to inArticle 28(3) on the date on which the application for legal aid is brought …”

[Referring an action and staying proceedings] S. 223-227

„… applications.Outline:I. Introduction …” „… sentence of paragraph 2 echoes Art. 254 (5) TFEU, i.e. the legal basis foradopting the Rules of Procedure …” „… of the GC must remain withinthe legal framework set by the Statute ECJ and, ultimately, the TFEU …”

[Conditions] S. 937-942

„… defaultjudgment was handed down 2 years and three months after the application.Title III. Special Forms of …” „… Justice.This provision is equivalent to Art. 121.CHAPTER 5JUDGMENTS BY DEFAULT AND APPLICATIONS TO SET THEM …” „… ASIDEArticle 122 [Conditions]1. If a defendant on whom an application initiating proceedings has been …”

[Admission as intervener] S. 917-923

„… , which provides that applications for legal aid may be lodged by the party,i.e. without a lawyer.Title …” „… an opportunity to submit their written ororal observations before deciding on the application.The …” „… thirdparty’s application. This first stage is a mere formality in the case of all EUinstitutions and Member …”

Preliminary objections and issues S. 496-499

„… case shall submit the application by aseparate document.2. The application must state the pleas of law …” „… documents mustbe annexed to it.3. As soon as the application has been submitted, the President shall …” „… theapplication shall be oral.5. The Court shall, after hearing the Advocate General, decide on the application as …”

Revision S. 513-517

„… , point in time as of whichthe need for legal certainty prevails over anything else.IV. Application …” „… 717.Article 159 Revision1. In accordance with Article 44 of the Statute, an application for revision …” „… the thirdparagraph of Article 44 of the Statute, an application for revision shall be madewithin three …”

[Intervention] S. 181-193

„… prima faciechances of success of the application in the main proceedings512. Thus, the fumusboni juris …” „… submitted to the Court. Natural or legal persons shall not intervene in casesbetween Member States, between …” „… in cases before the Court where one of the fields of application ofthat Agreement isconcerned.(4) An …”

[Periods of grace, unforeseeable circumstances and force majeure] S. 202-212

„… to bring an action forannulment by making an application for legal aid before the time-limit does …” „… connection between application for legal aid and action for annulmentmight subsequently link the Court’s …” „… action forannulment by way of its decision on the application for legal aid724.V. Procedure39 Neither Art …”

a [Conditions] S. 766-776

„… discretion as to whether the expedited procedure extendsto all the legal pleas raised in an application or …” „… as the applicationinitiating the proceedings or the defence. That application may state that …” „… needs to be handed in at the same time as the applicationor the statement of defence986. An application …”

[Currency] S. 841

„… legal aid carry the acronym “AJ” (“assistance judiciaire”).2. Legal aid application form2 Every …” „… application for legal aid must be made using the legal aid application form,which is available on the ECJ’s …” „… in applications fortaxation of epic length such as in case Guggenheim v Cedefop.V. Enforcement32 A …”

Withdrawal of legal aid S. 557-558

„… application for legal aid is brought beforethat Chamber by the Judge-Rapporteur.3. The formation of the Court …” „… decisions on applications for legal aidare always taken by the smallest formation of the Court, which …” „… aidThe formation of the Court which gave a decision on the application for legal aidmay at any time …”

[Recoverable costs] S. 809-830

„… incurred for an application for legal aid are equally reimbursable1219.15c) Other pre-contentious expenses …” „… be removed, orsubstantially increased. Since this is about a financial issue, legal certainty is of …” „… avoidable applications, to apply for leave prior to lodging an application. Thatsaid, only the Judge of the …”

[Third-party proceedings] S. 942-945

„… judgment which is the subject of the application;if the General Court sitting in plenary session or the …” „… ruling out new legal pleasin the course of the proceedings (Art. 48 (2) RP GC) does not apply2120.VI …” „… [Third-party proceedings]1. Articles 43 and 44 shall apply to an application initiating third-partyproceedings …”

[Application for revision] S. 198-202

„… application for revision does not make saidapplication inadmissible650. The same is true for a legal opinion …” „… interest in such interpretation and must also be unable toacquire certainty through another legal remedy634 …” „… .Article 44 [Application for revision](1) An application for revision of a judgment may be made to the …”

[Written and oral procedure] S. 130-136

„… written applicationaddressed to the Registrar. The application shall contain the applicant’s name …” „… of the Union whose decisions are in dispute, of applications, statements of case, defences and …” „… legalremedies, such as an application for the taxation of costs.2. Specific rules2 By contrast, Art. 21 to 23 a …”

[Language of the case] S. 620-628

„… natural or legal person having thenationality of a Member State, the language of the case shall be the …” „… bb) Appeal and special legal remedies …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8b) Action against Member State or legal entity (lit. a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 …”

New pleas in law S. 456-459

„… implicitly544 in the application or the statement of defence. One may do this byway of new legal arguments …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63. Elaborating and strengthening pleas of law already submitted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74. Legal …” „… evidence from the outset, i.e. in the application and statement ofdefence. The time-limits for applications …”

[Appeal] S. 228-235

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Legal basis …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. Other legal remedies …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10e) No distinct legal remedy …”

Sums to be advanced as legal aid S. 557

„… application for legal aid is brought beforethat Chamber by the Judge-Rapporteur.3. The formation of the Court …” „… decisions on applications for legal aidare always taken by the smallest formation of the Court, which …” „… aidThe formation of the Court which gave a decision on the application for legal aidmay at any time …”

[Referral for preliminary rulings] S. 139-159

„… procedural requirements of a truly marginal legal remedy, i.e.of an application against a decision of the …” „… the purposes of the case before it298 and tofurther refine understanding and application of legal …” „… obligatory jurisdiction, the contentious natureof its proceedings, the consistent application of legal norms …”

[Reply and rejoinder] S. 690-696

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmc) Repeated applications for extension33Under the previous …” „… application has an implicit bearing on the starting pointof the time-limit of one month for raising a formal …” „… ]1. The application initiating the proceedings and the defence may be supplemented by a reply from …”

Index S. 980-997

„… seq.Appeal– Abbreviated appeal Stat 57 1 et seq.– Appellants Stat 56 15 et seq.– Categories of legal pleas …” „… Content RP ECJ 167et seq.– Inadmissible or unfounded RP ECJ181 et seq.– Legal aid RP ECJ 185 et seq …” „… appeal RP ECJ 171Applicable law Stat Intro 1 et seq.Application– Admissibility RP ECJ 115 2 et seq …”

[Manifestly inadmissible or unfounded] S. 900-905

„… ; and applications by natural or legal persons against theCommission’s failure to initiate infringement …” „… and 299 TFEU andArticle 164 TEAEC.The order granting the application shall fix, where appropriate, a …” „… theapplication to the defendant1860, regardless of the nature of the legal remedy1861, theGC may on its own …”

Procedures for dealing with cases S. 338-344

„… for legal aid83, applications for revision84, and so on.4. Lex specialis in case of appeal6Regarding …” „… to hear and determine acase or where a request or an application is manifestly inadmissible, the …” „… ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138. Should there be a new provision for applications which are manifestlywell-founded …”

[Joining cases] S. 705-709

„… application657.63. Conditions. a) Legal remedies. All cases may be joined, regardless of the natureof the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Ex officio or upon application …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4c) Upon application …”

[Judgment by default] S. 193-195

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32. Application required …” „… of the application, fail to submit their written submissions withinthe relevant time-limit …” „… are time-barred. This tends to occur mostly, if atall, as a result of applications in which …”

Obligation to be represented S. 438-442

„… PART OF THE PROCEDUREArticle 120 Content of the applicationAn application of the kind referred to in …” „… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmIf a given set of facts resulted in legal aid being paid to …” „… member of their respective legal service.2. Lawyers3 Natural and legal persons as defined by private or …”

[Third party proceedings] S. 195-196

„… legal remedies such as applications within the meaning of Art. 263 TFEU,where they, unlike third parties …” „… default, as is the case of all other EU legal remedies. That said, if thedefendant is an institution it …” „… agencies of the Union and anyother natural or legal persons may, in cases and under conditions to be …”

[Periods of time] S. 860-866

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Strict application …” „… principle established by Art. 6 ECHR, which, as the legal order of the EU recognizes, is to ensurethat every …” „… person has a fair trial, does not preclude setting a time-limit forinstituting legal proceedings1592.2 …”

[Substantive criteria] S. 872-890

„… inadmissible1673.That said, an application for interim measures may also be lodged with respect toother legal …” „… application forinterim measures will not assess those legal questions which the court adjudicatingon the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7a) Deficiencies in the application/ignoring the Judges’ jurisdiction. . . . . . 7aa) Lack of …”

[Contents of the application] S. 950-954

„… application.The party applying for clarification of a judgment needs to establish both his doubtsconcerning the …” „… application for revision]Where an appeal before the Court of Justice and an application for revisionbefore the …” „… proceedings.SECTION 3 – INTERPRETATION OF JUDGMENTSArticle 129 [Contents of the application]1. An application for …”

Dispute concerning the costs to be recovered S. 486-492

„… be, are reimbursable. VAT paid on legal advice, unlessthe creditor must not ultimately bear the tax …” „… Judges to which the Judge-Rapporteur who dealt with the case is assignedshall, on application by the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1II. Application for taxation of costs (paragraph 1 …”

Content of the appeal S. 534-539

„… of the other parties to the relevant case before the General Court;(d) the pleas in law and legal …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54. Pleas in law, legal arguments and summary (lit. d …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6b) Pleas in law and legal arguments …”

[Modalities of payment] S. 854-855

„… appeal (paragraph 6)9Orders adopted in the context of an application for legal aid may not bechallenged …” „… provide a numerus clausus oflegal remedies.Article 97 [Modalities of payment]1. Where legal aid is granted …” „… , the President may, on application by the lawyerof the person concerned, decide that an amount by way …”

[Sequence of oral hearings] S. 716-722

„… further explain their factual and legal pleas and, subsequently, to answerthe GC’s questions714. Every …” „… party needs to remain within the limits of Art. 48 RPGC, i.e. not submitting new legal pleas, and must …” „… , such as inthe procedure of taxation of costs or legal aid.III. Attending the oral hearing111. Notice by …”

[Preliminary pleas not going to the substance] S. 909-917

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15bb) Inadmissibility limited to a legal ground or plea sought . . . . . 16c) Application for a …” „… to a legal ground or plea sought16 If the application does not appear to be inadmissible as a whole …” „… other preliminary plea not going to the substance of thecase shall make the application by a separate …”

[Judgment of interpretation] S. 196-198

„… this remedy, unlike inother legal remedies such as applications within the meaning of Art. 263 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7I. Introduction1. Not a classical legal remedy1 Such application624 is neither designed to amend …” „… TFEU,where they, unlike third parties, do not need to prove any legal interest in the case.II. Admissibility1 …”

Determination of the language of a case S. 314-317

„… judgments by default, third-party proceedings and applications forinterpretation or revision of a judgment …” „… the decision to whichthose applications or challenges relate.3. In preliminary ruling proceedings, the …” „… . Special legal remedies (paragraph 2 …”

Absolute bar to proceeding with a case S. 495-496

„… . withdraws673 or revokes674 thechallenged legal act, or if it amends its contents to such extent that the …” „… amendmentsamount to a withdrawal675, or if it replaces the contested decision by a legal actsought by the applicant …” „… .2. Action for failure to act2 It becomes devoid of purpose if the defendant adopts the legal act …”

INTRODUCTION S. 576-584

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Natural and legal persons …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41. Prerequisite for the admissibility of legal remedies …” „… the General Court1. Natural and legal persons1 The Court of First Instance, recently renamed2 the …”

Object and effects of the intervention S. 460-463

„… be done if it is “insupport of his arguments”. For natural and legal persons this provision has been …” „… sincenatural and legal persons may not intervene in contentious matters betweenMember States, between EU …” „… interventions in referral proceedings4 An intervention is possible in all legal remedies, including more …”

[Exclusion of the proceedings] S. 637-643

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25cc) No legal remedy …” „… Art. 41 does not explicitly apply to the parties of the proceedings, e.g. naturalpersons or legal …” „… representatives of legal persons. In such a case, assuming that theadviser or lawyer is not explicitly encouraging …”

Decision relating to the expedited procedure S. 469-473

„… a legal remedy proper, but a specific procedure designed to569 Case C-58/94, Netherlands v Council …” „… : 160.00mm 240.00mmsubstantially reduce the average duration of direct applications and appeals571, andis …” „… , depending upon the nature of the legal remedy.1. Direct challenges6On average an action for annulment took …”

[Plenary session, Grand Chamber and Chambers] S. 596-600

„… act of general application;(b) in cases concerning the implementation of the rules:– on competition …” „… , Grand Chamber and Chambers]1. Whenever the legal difficulty or the importance of the case or …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1a) Legal difficulty …”

[Procedural rules] S. 954-955

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmaccount of the specificities of a legal area. These rules …” „… of applications in this area has dramatically risen from 34 in 2000 to219 in 2011. The average …” „… in case load and the specificity of this legal areahave triggered a debate on whether one ought to …”

[Subsequent procedure] S. 923-932

„… natural or legal person, the parties may and ought toexamine the fundamental question of his application …” „… ororal observations before deciding on the application.The President shall decide on the application by …” „… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 116 [Subsequent procedure]1. The application shall …”

[Judicial costs] S. 806-809

„… , sometimes even repeated, manifestly inadmissible applications.The GC’s unpublished orders, which are …” „… available on the ECJ’s website, include animpressive number of decisions rejecting applications as …” „… reasons why every party needs to be represented byan Agent or, in the case of natural and legal persons, a …”

Form of order sought in the event that the appeal is allowed S. 540-542

„… appeal or the legal plea being inadmissible, provided the otherparty can still comment upon the legal …” „… pleas and thus defend itself. Nevertheless, anappellant who turns in such an application for appeal is …” „… may submit the GC’s decisionto a legal review by the ECJ.2. Same form of order2 It follows from the …”

Appeals against decisions of the arbitration committee S. 567-568

„… RP ECJ were restructured according to, in particular, the practicalimportance of the various legal …” „… is consistent to use thefinal title of the RP ECJ to centralize six legal remedies of minor …” „… importance, whichwere hitherto scattered in the RP ECJ. Three of these legal remedies (Art. 201 to 203RP ECJ …”

[Contents of a written application] S. 136-139

„… application by law(paragraph 2)6The requirement in paragraph 2, i.e. to annex the challenged legal act or …” „… written applicationaddressed to the Registrar. The application shall contain the applicant’s name …” „… procedure.Article 21 [Contents of a written application](1) A case shall be brought before the Court of Justice by a …”

[Appeal] S. 271-273

„… legal question in a case (rather than calling into question the CST’sinterpretation or application of a …” „… contrast toappeals against orders of the CST rejecting applications as inadmissible for reasonsof non …” „… compliance with the time-limit at first instance966.3. Legal grounds3It is highly important that appeals to …”

INTRODUCTION S. 76-85

„… UNIONINTRODUCTIONOutline:I. Hierarchy of European Legal Norms …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28I. Hierarchy of European Legal Norms1For many lawyers accustomed to the national law of their …” „… governing the legal remedies and proceedings applicable to European Union(EU) Courts are, at best …”

[Abbreviated appeal] S. 235-237

„… 08:13:363B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmmechanisms limiting the number of legal appeals may not …” „… currently be a priority.Moreover, the legal questions this issue raises are delicate, to say the least. In …” „… whose application to intervene has been dismissed by theGeneral Court may appeal to the Court of Justice …”

[Appeal manifestly inadmissible or unfounded] S. 974-975

„… and rejoinder. The President determines the merits ofan application for reply and rejoinder; the …” „… defendant is not heard in this matter.II. Application and merits2The application should generally not exceed …” „… such applications. By allowing a reply, the other party automatically hasthe right to lodge a rejoinder …”

[Register] S. 608-610

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm3. No legal advice7In contrast, the Registry is not …” „… authorized to provide any legal advice. TheRegistrar and the officials of the Registry will neither calculate …” „… the time-limit forthe lodging of an application118, nor are they entitled to comment on a …”

[Interim proceedings and suspending enforcement] S. 179-181

„… various legal remediesand to determine the Court costs on an ad valorem basis, within the principle …” „… echoes the legal basis in the TFEU and theEAEC-Treaty regarding a suspension of the execution of a …” „… in this Statute”.2. Implementing rules2This rather arid legal framework is implemented through the …”

[Measures of organization] S. 739-752

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49cc) Legal opinions …” „… contrast to the ECJ, which finds little need to employ it given theessentially legal nature of the cases …” „… the written proceedings4 Such measures may be prescribed after the notification of an application …”

Costs in appeals S. 553-554

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 7COSTS AND LEGAL AID IN APPEALSArticle 184 Costs in …” „… and fair proceedings the rules governingthe costs of the proceedings may not vary from one legal …” „… participated in the written or oral part of theproceedings before the ECJ.Article 185 Legal aid1. A party who …”

[Appeal limited to points of law] S. 237-248

„… GC hasgradually gained jurisdiction for all applications lodged by natural or legal persons,i.e. the …” „… include legalaspects such as the legal standard applied to the urgency test.5 Since orders resulting from …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24aa) Difference between appraisal and legal assessment of facts . . 24bb) Fines in competition cases …”

[Costs] S. 966-969

„… oral procedure unless one of the partiessubmits an application setting out the reasons for which he …” „… wishes to be heard.The application shall be submitted within a period of one month from notification to …” „… GCregarding oral procedures in appeals) in which the parties may submit an application for an oral hearing2223 …”

[Staying the proceedings] S. 776-779

„… prescribed are fulfilled, e.g. to present a summary of the application,will it grant an expedited procedure …” „… competence or inadmissibility ordismissing an application to intervene;(c) at the joint request of the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. Ex officio or upon application …”

Scope S. 391-401

„… GENERAL PROVISIONSIntroductionOutline:I. Specific “legal remedy …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1bb) No room for ancillary legal remedies …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19I. Specific “legal remedy”1 1. Nature. a) Non-contentious proceedings. aa) Cooperation. The …”

Third-party proceedings S. 508-510

„… of these Rules shall apply to an application initiatingthird-party proceedings made pursuant to …” „… Article 42 of the Statute. In additionsuch an application shall:(a) specify the judgment or order …” „… reasons for which the third party was unable to take part in theoriginal case.2. The application must be …”

Application to intervene S. 463-465

„… according to thenature of the legal remedy:* Time-limit in the case of applications. Some years ago the …” „… relating toservice and the annexes to the application.Article 131 Decision on applications to intervene1 …” „… applications for leave to intervene to amere six weeks as of the publication of the notice in the OJ EU (see …”

Extension on account of distance S. 337-338

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmII. Individual decisions2 Certain legal acts, such as …” „… errorin delivering the decision would rest with the author of the decision.III. Legal act published in the …” „… OJ3 In this case, the time-limit for an application is deferred to the fourteenthcalendar day …”

Other provisions applicable to appeals S. 558-560

„… toproceedings894, on certain requests and applications895, and special legal remedies896.3. General rules which …” „… of the General Court.2. By way of derogation from Article 130(1), an application to intervene …” „… firstproceedings. Thus, an application to intervene lodged by a party that was anintervener at first instance is …”

Order for suspension of operation or for interim measures S. 526-528

„… acts765.Article 164 New applicationRejection of an application for an interim measure shall not bar the …” „… decision.Article 161 Decision on the application1. The President shall either decide on the application himself or …” „… these Rulesshall apply.3. Where the application is referred to it, the Court shall give a …”

Discontinuance S. 494-495

„… reference to Art. 141 RP ECJ that the applicant mustwithdraw the entire application. Art. 148 RP ECJ does …” „… not apply should theapplicant only renounce a given order sought and/or legal ground, as is …” „… ECJ only mentions discontinuing “proceedings”, thisprovision also applies to other legal remedies …”

Procedure under Article 103 TEAEC S. 568-569

„… Rules shall apply to the application.3. A certified copy of the contested decision shall be annexed to …” „… the application.4. As soon as the application has been lodged, the Registrar of the Court shallrequest …” „… TEAEC1. Four certified copies shall be lodged of an application under the thirdparagraph of Article 103 …”

[Amicable settlement] S. 855-856

„… legal remedy, including e.g. an application for taxation1581.II. Informing the GC1. Point in time2The …” „… taxation of costs requires an application1575. Paragraph 2 provides anexception which applies at the end of …” „… legal aid is unsuccessful, the normal rules on costs apply1576,subject to the equity clause in paragraph …”

[Measures of organization or of inquiry] S. 704-705

„… .648 A formal application based on Art. 114 RP GC is inadmissible, see Case T-54/93, Lopes/ECJ,[1996 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Ex officio or upon application …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4c) Upon application …”

[Provisions applicable to the GC] S. 222-223

„… procedural legal framework applicable to the GC isnot totally different from that which applies to the ECJ …” „… (5) TFEU, i.e. the legal basis foradopting the Rules of Procedure of the GC. Its wording (“further …” „… legal framework set by the Statute ECJ and, ultimately, the TFEU. This does notmean that the Statute ECJ …”

Form of order sought, pleas in law and arguments of the appeal S. 539-540

„… , accordingto that logic an appeal which would e.g. not contain any legal grounds could be putin order. This …” „… application in an action for annulment (seeArt. 120 RP ECJ).Article 169 Form of order sought, pleas in law and …” „… theGeneral Court as set out in the operative part of that decision.2. The pleas in law and legal arguments …”

a [Notice of appeal] S. 970-971

„… before the Civil ServiceTribunal;(c) the pleas in law and legal arguments relied on;(d) the form of order …” „… . General1The contents and structure of a “notice of appeal” are different from those foundin an application …” „… law and legal arguments (c). a) Indicating the challenged parts of theCST’s decision. The appeal needs …”

Lodging of the appeal S. 530-534

„… apply toevery legal remedy such as the interest in bringing proceedings770, a condition of766 See B …” „… existence of at least one legal error thataffected the operative part of the GC’s decision.5 b …” „… . interimproceedings776 in which the applicant has to prove a relevant error777, or applications for revision778 …”

[Oral procedure] S. 975-976

„… application.III. Contents of the application3The request must be justified in detail, i.e. must clearly outline …” „… adjudicating on a plea of inadmissibility2264.c) No legal arguments4 A party who omits to indicate legal …” „… application setting out the reasons for which he wishes to be heard.2260 As was the case in e.g. T-454/09 P …”

Procedure provided for by Article 111(3) of the EEA Agreement S. 569-571

„… . Overview1 This provision implements the legal remedy under Art. 103 TEAEC, which ispart of the chapter on …” „… particular legal remedy amounts to an expedited procedure, since the timelimit given to the Commission for …” „… submitting written observations is only 10 daysfrom the service of the Member State’s application (Art. 202 …”

[Modalities of service] S. 858-860

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Strict application …” „… principle established by Art. 6 ECHR, which, as the legal order of the EU recognizes, is to ensurethat every …” „… person has a fair trial, does not preclude setting a time-limit forinstituting legal proceedings1592.2 …”

Reply and rejoinder S. 544-547

„… him;(c) the pleas in law and legal arguments relied on;(d) the form of order sought.2. Articles 119 and …” „… application submitted by theappellant within seven days of service of the response, considers it …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. Application …”

[Referring a case to a different formation] S. 709-712

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21. Upon application or ex officio …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2b) Natural and legal persons …” „… to a larger formation of Judges.II. Referral (paragraph 1)21. Upon application or ex officio. a …”

[Statement of defence, reply and rejoinder] S. 963-966

„… application.Article 46 shall apply to the responses.2. The application and the responses may be supplemented by …” „… their responses to the application within aperiod of two months from the service of the …” „… President, on a reasoned application made within two weeks of serviceof the responses or replies, considers …”

[Instructions to the Registrar] S. 606-608

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63. No legal advice …” „… /978-3-406-60325-9/3d/03_RP GC.3d from 21.11.2012 08:40:073B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm3. No legal advice7 …” „… In contrast, the Registry is not authorized to provide any legal advice. TheRegistrar and the …”

Amicable settlement S. 493-494

„… . General1 Unlike the withdrawal of an application, which by definition is unilateral, anysettlement …” „… to act requires the defendant’sconsent. Thus, only a withdrawal of the application may be considered …” „… reference to Art. 141 RP ECJ that the applicant mustwithdraw the entire application. Art. 148 RP ECJ does …”

[Delivery of the judgments] S. 784-785

„… ). If several applications pending before the GC areall directed against the same legal act, the GC is …” „… Judgemay also abstain from assessing the admissibility of an application, if it is in anyevent unfounded …” „… not required to hand down itsjudgments regarding all applications at the same time. Art. 50 RP GC …”

Procedures under Articles 104 TEAEC and 105 TEAEC S. 569

„… . Overview1 This provision implements the legal remedy under Art. 103 TEAEC, which ispart of the chapter on …” „… particular legal remedy amounts to an expedited procedure, since the timelimit given to the Commission for …” „… submitting written observations is only 10 daysfrom the service of the Member State’s application (Art. 202 …”

[Binding judgment] S. 785-786

„… ). If several applications pending before the GC areall directed against the same legal act, the GC is …” „… not required to hand down itsjudgments regarding all applications at the same time. Art. 50 RP GC …” „… filing of the application and the handing down of theruling, is, unlike time-limits, not subject to a …”

[Translations] S. 628-631

„… rights do not apply tonatural or legal persons191.4. Member States of the EEA-Agreement32By contrast the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3a) Unsuccessful applications …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3b) Successful applications …”

Methods of service S. 331-333

„… served on a party or another natural or legal person. Neither the parties, nor abailiff, nor anybody else …” „… 2011 through the introduction of “e-Curia”73, an information technology application which allows …” „… right to a fairtrial, established by Art. 6 of the ECHR and recognized in the EU’s legal system,does not …”

Costs in the event of discontinuance or withdrawal S. 479-481

„… withdrawal of its application on certain legal grounds615 hasbeen caused by the Member State616, e.g. because …” „… (paragraph 3)2 If a natural and/or legal person intervenes, the general rule in Art. 140 (1) RPECJ applies …” „… it decided to comply with itsobligations only once the Commission has lodged the application617, or …”

Designation of the Judge-Rapporteur and of the Advocate General S. 566-567

„… proceedings such as an application for a decision on a plea of inadmissibility within the meaning of Art. 151 …” „… various legal remedies, thus starting with the request forpreliminary rulings, followed by the direct …” „… actions, etc., it is consistent to use thefinal title of the RP ECJ to centralize six legal remedies of …”

[Catalogue of measures] S. 752-755

„… application for the expert accountant’s report to befurnished, since this report is in any event a purely …” „… ) Legal opinions50An institution may apply for the removal of a legal opinion of its legal servicefrom the …” „… institutions receive the advice of their legal service, given in fullindependence, to allow such internal …”

Submission of statements S. 467-469

„… by way of an order whether to grant the application tointervene or not.Article 132 Submission of …” „… application565.2. Time-limit2The rule which applied so far and which provided that the period within whichthe …” „… time-limit of 1 month (while the main parties, i.e.applicant and defendant, have 2 months for the application …”

[Allocation of costs] S. 791-803

„… excessively large number of legal grounds in four applicationscomprised of over 2000 pages1102 and …” „… oncosts may not be challenged either by an appeal or by any other legal remedy.Nevertheless, there is room …” „… applied for in the observations of the other partyon the discontinuance. However, upon application by the …”

Calculation of time-limits S. 333-336

„… Art. 6 of the ECHR and recognized in the EU’s legal system,does not preclude the setting of a …” „… time-limit for the institution of legal proceedings76. Thus, time-limits are amongst the vital elements of …” „… admissibility, since thebest factual and legal arguments become worthless if the party concerned fails tocomply …”

[Applying the order] S. 756-757

„… written submission, e.g. the statement of defence.3. No appeal3There is no specific legal remedy against …” „… an order prescribing a measure ofinquiry. That said, legal questions arising in the context of a …” „… General Court may, either on its own motion or on application by aparty, and after hearing the Advocate …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-75

„… ..................................................................................................... 359Article 115 Application for legal aid …” „… ........................................................................................ 360Article 116 Decision on the application for legal aid …” „… ................................................................................................................. 479Article 186 Prior application for legal aid …”

Hearing S. 372-374

„… proceedings, i.e. the time-span between thesubmission of the application/order of referral/appeal and the …” „… not be part of the proceedings, such as in taxation matters,– should an application turn out to be …” „… written part, where the relevant facts, legal pleas, and orderssought have been submitted, often through …”

Rectification of judgments and orders S. 417-419

„… legal costs generated by the mainproceedings, including the referral procedure. According to the EU …” „… . Upon request by an interested party. a) Time-limit. Even though such application requires an “obvious …” „… the Court still has the possibility to rectify saidjudgement385. On the other hand, the application …”

[Assignment, Judge-Rapporteur] S. 594-596

„… act of general application;(b) in cases concerning the implementation of the rules:– on competition …” „… application initiating proceedings has been lodged, thePresident of the General Court shall assign the case to …” „… assign “applications initiating proceedings” but also any other written submission initiating proceedings …”

[Appeals limited to points of law] S. 273-275

„… . 56 (2) Statute ECJ.Article 10 [Expedited proceedings](1) Any person whose application to intervene …” „… notification of the decision dismissing the application.(2) The parties to the proceedings may appeal to the …” „… published in the ECR), paras 83–88. Whilethe exclusion of substantive legal arguments which appear in oral …”

Recoverable costs S. 482-486

„… forapplications of natural and legal persons, but remains relevant with respect toappeals against decisions of the …” „… the proceedings before the ECJ, which begin with an application to and end with a decision …” „… number of hours claimed bythe party concerned. Furthermore, much depends on the legal remedy …”

Proceedings against a measure adopted by an institution S. 336-337

„… decision.III. Legal act published in the OJ3 In this case, the time-limit for an application is deferred to the …” „… decisions2 Certain legal acts, such as individual decisions, will be notified to the addressee,which means …” „… fourteenthcalendar day following the publication of the legal act in the Official Journal.Thus, if a given measure is …”

[Time bar in case of non-contractual liability] S. 212-216

„… Union725 shall be time-barred726. A time-barred application (i.e., one outside the statute of …” „… specificlegislative rule, such an approach would have lacked legal certainty in the case ofEU non-contractual …” „… and the principle of legal certainty.2. Five years2 The length of the limitation period was determined …”

Change in circumstances S. 528

„… acts765.Article 164 New applicationRejection of an application for an interim measure shall not bar the …” „… proceedings.Article 163 Change in circumstancesOn application by a party, the order may at any time be varied or …” „… may lodgesuch an application. By contrast, Art. 164 RP ECJ lays down the conditions for anew …”

[Publication in the OJ] S. 866-871

„… legal certainty1652. The applicant may not lodgehis application prior to this point, let alone “at any …” „… thepublication of a notice on the application in the OJ EU does not generate anadditional time-limit of 14 days …” „… ) TFEU provides that the application needs to be lodged withthe Registry within two months “of the …”

[Petita] S. 971-972

„… taken into accountwhen applying Art. 138 RP GC.3 2. Pleas in law and legal arguments (c). a) Indicating …” „… challengeddecision it contests and which legal pleas it employs in order to contest said aspectsof said decision. A …” „… instance does not suffice2245, since such repetitionamounts to a mere re-examination of the application at …”

New application S. 528-529

„… acts765.Article 164 New applicationRejection of an application for an interim measure shall not bar the …” „… proceedings.Article 163 Change in circumstancesOn application by a party, the order may at any time be varied or …” „… may lodgesuch an application. By contrast, Art. 164 RP ECJ lays down the conditions for anew …”

Annexes to the application S. 450-451

„… applicationThe application shall be served on the defendant. In cases where Article 119(4)or Article 122(3 …” „… natural or legal persons, i.e. referral proceedings and appeals.III. Non-compliance (paragraph 3)3 …” „… Non-compliance with the requirements set out in paragraph 1 and 2 does notresult in the application being …”

[Appeal well founded] S. 250-252

„… , as indicated in paragraph 2 of thisArticle. This exception is designed to avoid the state of legal …” „… ) Cumulative conditions. An appeal is well founded if the firstinstance committed (1) a legal error, which (2 …” „… , valid legal grounds905.3 2. Giving final judgment or referring the case back to first instance. a …”

[Conflict of interest, bias] S. 111-120

„… application of this Art. shall be settled bydecision of the Court of Justice.(4) A party may not apply for a …” „… heritage community,if he has drafted any legal instrument whose legality is at stake. A close friendship …” „… in which the first instanceassessed the legal grounds167. The same is true with respect to a decision …”

[Duration of the stay] S. 779-780

„… which proceedings are stayed cannot be challenged through an appealor any other legal remedy.Article 79 …” „… shall, except for the purposes of the timelimit prescribed in Article 115(1) for an application to …” „… ) the parties may suggest a date if necessary.2. Legal effect of a stay5A “stay” means that until …”

[Costs] S. 976-977

„… application.III. Contents of the application3The request must be justified in detail, i.e. must clearly outline …” „… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmThe application shall be submitted within a period of one …” „… case without a hearing.II. Date of the application2Since an application for a hearing be submitted …”

Hearing S. 567

„… RP ECJ were restructured according to, in particular, the practicalimportance of the various legal …” „… is consistent to use thefinal title of the RP ECJ to centralize six legal remedies of minor …” „… importance, whichwere hitherto scattered in the RP ECJ. Three of these legal remedies (Art. 201 to 203RP ECJ …”

Time-limit for delivering the Opinion S. 567

„… RP ECJ were restructured according to, in particular, the practicalimportance of the various legal …” „… is consistent to use thefinal title of the RP ECJ to centralize six legal remedies of minor …” „… importance, whichwere hitherto scattered in the RP ECJ. Three of these legal remedies (Art. 201 to 203RP ECJ …”

Delivery of the Opinion S. 567

„… RP ECJ were restructured according to, in particular, the practicalimportance of the various legal …” „… is consistent to use thefinal title of the RP ECJ to centralize six legal remedies of minor …” „… importance, whichwere hitherto scattered in the RP ECJ. Three of these legal remedies (Art. 201 to 203RP ECJ …”

[Intervention] S. 977

„… 149 [Intervention]An application to intervene made to the Court in appeal proceedings shall belodged …” „… Official Journal of the EU,is to render the written and oral procedure, if any, of any legal remedy as …” „… , thelodging of pleadings, the length of pleadings, the form and content of the application and of the …”

Failure to adjudicate S. 505-506

„… admissibility and on the substance ofthe application.I. General1 Proceedings in which the ECJ omitted to address …” „… the Court to supplement its decision.2. The application shall be served on the opposite party and the …” „… one wouldexpect, extremely rare. Since there is no appeal against decisions of the ECJ aspecific legal …”

Information relating to service S. 449-450

„… relating to service1. For the purpose of the proceedings, the application shall state an address forservice …” „… , the application may state that the lawyer or agent agrees thatservice is to be effected on him by …” „… telefax or any other technical means ofcommunication.3. If the application does not comply with the …”

[Time-limits] S. 945-947

„… subject of the application;if the General Court sitting in plenary session or the Grand Chamber of …” „… judgment, the GCshall suspend the third-party application after hearing the parties, since a …” „… successfulappeal before the ECJ would remove any basis for such application, should theentire judgment at first …”

[Appeals procedure] S. 248-249

„… lodging ofany other sort of application or legal remedy at first instance, in the interest of …” „… 08:13:413B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmb) No other legal remedy37While one could reflect on …” „… creating a special legal remedy concerning orders ontaxation of costs, such an order would require a …”

Application to set aside S. 506-508

„… made inrespect of a different head of claim. Such an application may be successful if theECJ …” „… .Article 156 Application to set aside1. Application may be made pursuant to Article 41 of the Statute to …” „… set aside ajudgment delivered by default.2. The application to set aside the judgment must be made …”

Application pursuant to Article 81 TEAEC S. 529-530

„… previousprocedure and which could render the case urgent. Only applicants whose application is unsuccessful may use …” „… this provision, while Art. 163 RP ECJ applies to allparties.Article 165 Applications pursuant to …” „… applications to suspend theenforcement of a decision of the Court or of any measure adopted by the Council,the …”

[Competent Judge] S. 894

„… to enable the Judge to assess a complex factual or legal situation1833 in asufficient manner1834.4 …” „… President of the GeneralCourt in deciding an application in the event that the President is absent …” „… applications forinterim measures. In the event of an oral hearing, which is not the rule, the JudgeRapporteur …”

[New facts] S. 898-899

„… “circumstances” is deliberately broad in order to cover all new factualor legal situations capable of altering …” „… application for an interim measure shall not bar the party whomade it from making a further application on the …” „… or even all facts relevant for assessing the criterion urgency may changeafter an application for …”

[Applicable provisions] S. 974

„… and rejoinder. The President determines the merits ofan application for reply and rejoinder; the …” „… defendant is not heard in this matter.II. Application and merits2The application should generally not exceed …” „… such applications. By allowing a reply, the other party automatically hasthe right to lodge a rejoinder …”

Scope of the urgent preliminary ruling procedure S. 425-430

„… applications.bb) De facto6 Nevertheless, for practical reasons the national Judge should consider requestingan …” „… the application of that exceptionalRules of Procedure of the Court of JusticeRP ECJ Art. 107350Reemers …” „… urgentprocedure to be applied, the President of the Court may, if the application of thatprocedure appears, prima …”

[Practice directions to parties] S. 977-978

„… 149 [Intervention]An application to intervene made to the Court in appeal proceedings shall belodged …” „… Official Journal of the EU,is to render the written and oral procedure, if any, of any legal remedy as …” „… , thelodging of pleadings, the length of pleadings, the form and content of the application and of the …”

[Judicial vacations] S. 105-106

„… summer, do not entail a standstill of judicial activity.II. Written proceedings2 Thus, legal remedies may …” „… also be lodged during the judicial vacations, meaningthat all time-limits for applications, appeals and …” „… other legal remedies, as much as forstatements of defence, rejoinders, etc. continue throughout the …”

[Directing the proceedings] S. 722-723

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmd) Legal consequence8In contrast to the expedited procedure …” „… 738.736 Case T-64/99, RBJ Mining v Commission [2001] ECR p. II-2547, para. 16.737 Such application …” „… afundamental principle in all legal systems governed by the rule of law. Given theparticular importance of this …”

Settlement of the disputes referred to in Article 35 TEU in the version in force before the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon S. 571-572

„… , the matter shallbe brought before the Court by an application by a party to the dispute …” „… to the dispute. The application shall be served on the otherMember States, the Council and the …” „… European Commission if it was submitted bya Member State. The application shall be served on the Member …”

Interpretation S. 510-513

„… or scope of ajudgment or order is in doubt, the Court shall construe it on application by anyparty or …” „… any institution of the European Union establishing an interest therein.2. An application for …” „… . An application for interpretation shall be made in accordance with Articles 120 to 122 of these Rules …”

Written part of the procedure S. 473-474

„… Even though an expedited procedure is not a distinct legal remedy, such requestneeds to be lodged by a …” „… to the proceedings at the same timeas the application initiating the proceedings or the statement of …” „… the applicant from lodging his request after the application.2. Length8 The request should not be …”

[Change in circumstances] S. 897-898

„… decision which the Courtreaches on the main application1843.Article 108 [Change in circumstances]On …” „… application by a party, the order may at any time be varied or cancelled onaccount of a change in …” „… provision only applies if a Judge has rejected1846 an application for interimmeasures.3. Reference to Arts …”

INTRODUCTION S. 276-282

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21. Main legal remedies …” „… of the ECJ1. Main legal remedies2 The ECJ’s jurisdiction has been gradually focused on mainly three …” „… , the average duration of the main legal remedies (in months) hasevolved as follows:1Direct actions …”

[Requirements of residence] S. 104-105

„… all time-limits for applications, appeals and other legal remedies, as much as forstatements of …” „… . Written proceedings2 Thus, legal remedies may also be lodged during the judicial vacations, meaningthat …” „… suspension of legal activity at the ECJ whatsoever.III. Oral hearings3 With the exception of interim …”

Service of the appeal S. 542-543

„… further develop its legal pleas by way of newarguments846 as long as this does not amount to putting …” „… forward new legal pleas847.II. Specific order sought (paragraph 2)8The appellant needs to assess whether …” „… other party along the same logic as the notification ofan application (see Art. 39 RP ECJ) and is thus …”

Requests under Article 269 TFEU S. 572-573

„… concerningits practice in relation to:(a) letters rogatory;(b) applications for legal aid;(c) reports by the …” „… legal remedy (“request”)provided by Art. 269 TFEU, which enables a Member State to request the ECJ …” „… term ‘legal aid’. However,in the German version, the terminology in the case of lit b should) be …”

Rectification S. 502-505

„… application.I. General1 Proceedings in which the ECJ omitted to address an individual aspect of theorder(s …” „… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 9REQUESTS AND APPLICATIONS RELATING TO JUDGMENTS …” „… AND ORDERSChapter 9 of Title 4 contains all requests or applications that can be made after acase has …”

[Chambers] S. 106-110

„… beforehand to which of the currently eight chambersor formations his application will be attributed. This has …” „… one’sown legal background and will not necessarily speak one’s first language. It is thusvery important to …” „… write all written and oral proceedings for a general audience,avoiding legal jargon that is specific to …”

Content of the defence S. 451-454

„… circumstances of each case.Article 123 Service of the applicationThe application shall be served on the …” „… provision takes account of the ECJ’s jurisdiction for applications based onArt. 273 TFEU concerning special …” „… agreements concluded between Member States.III. Putting the application in order (paragraph 3)1. Introduction …”

[Statement of reasons] S. 174-177

„… applications including over one hundred legal pleas and– industrial – quantities of annexes. The GC assessed …” „… been criticised for the493 Art. 296 TFEU contains analogous obligations for legal acts of the EU …” „… legal arguments as many factualarguments as possible or appropriate in order to make its judgments as …”

[Reply and rejoinder] S. 973-974

„… by a reply and arejoinder where the President, on application made by the appellant within sevendays …” „… application for reply and rejoinder; the defendant is not heard in this matter.II. Application and merits2The …” „… application should generally not exceed two to three pages and shouldindicate in short form the reasons which …”

[No suspensory effect] S. 249-250

„… legislature rules out an automatic suspensory effect caused by the lodging ofany other sort of application or …” „… legal remedy at first instance, in the interest of legalcertainty it must do the same with respect to …” „… the German Administrative Procedure Code whichsuspends both opposition and legal challenge.902 Such …”

[Order of the President] S. 894-897

„… to enable the Judge to assess a complex factual or legal situation1833 in asufficient manner1834.4 …” „… President of the GeneralCourt in deciding an application in the event that the President is absent …” „… applications forinterim measures. In the event of an oral hearing, which is not the rule, the JudgeRapporteur …”

a [Expedited and urgent procedures] S. 159-163

„… 08:13:113B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmmeans by which all natural and legal persons may have the …” „… validity of an act ofsecondary law assessed or a legal act interpreted435. Limiting referrals to courts …” „… Art. 263 TFEU) the Court of Justice has always emphasised thatwhere natural or legal persons cannot …”

[Extension of time-limits] S. 871-872

„… beextended upon duly reasoned application. Such time-limits include e.g. time-limitsset for the reply to …” „… months for lodging an application forannulment1660; in the Statute ECJ, e.g. the two months for lodging …” „… governing interim proceedings1663. In law1664, applications brought beforethe EU courts do not automatically …”

[Intervention] S. 960-963

„… application within aperiod of two months from the service of the application.Article 46 shall apply to the …” „… Variety Office shall beinformed of the filing of the application, but also those parties which were …” „… involvedin the proceedings before the Board of Appeal.III. Notification of the application (paragraph 2)1 …”

Stay of proceedings S. 346-349

„… in the interest of the proper conduct of procedure e.g. inthe event of a withdrawal of an application …” „… judgment125.10There is no legal remedy against an order joining or disjoining cases.Article 55 Stay of …” „… . Calendar6Proceedings may be stayed at any point between the notification of the application and the Judges …”

[Observations of the other party] S. 890-894

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mminadmissible. However, applications which are not …” „… which an application for interim measures needs to belodged. The only constraint is that one must lodge …” „… such application within the timeframe of the main application1813. Normally, such application is lodged …”

[Judgments] S. 781-784

„… atannulling the same legal act.II. Order adopted by GC2 Unlike what is provided in Art. 78 RP GC, the GC, not …” „… ) and legal effects (Art. 83); their correction (Art. 84) and completion as regards the operative part …” „… basis for the subsequent legal assessment of the facts, which may bereviewed by way of an appeal.2 …”

Supplementary rules S. 573

„… ) applications for legal aid;(c) reports by the Court of perjury by witnesses or experts, delivered pursuantto …” „… no discrepancy as both texts use the term ‘legal aid’. However,in the German version, the terminology …”

[Discontinuing the proceedings] S. 856-858

„… between the parties. “Theproceedings” refers to every legal remedy, including e.g. an application for …” „… application, by contrast to a settlement within themeaning of Art. 98 RP GC, which requires a consensus …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmbeginning of the proceedings, e.g. if an application for interim …”

[Absolute bar to proceedings, devoid of purpose] S. 906-909

„… covers all types of legal remedies,including e.g. an application for interim measures.2. Examples7Actions …” „… (2) of the Statute,which nowadays is of little relevance, i.e. whenever an application turns out to …” „… practice that the GC renders its order without even notifyingthe application to the defendant1907. Apart …”

Procedure for payment S. 492-493

„… since it cannot be challenged by way ofappeal or other legal remedies. As of the adoption of the …” „… applications for taxation are to be examined by thesmallest formation of the Court, i.e. a chamber of three or …” „… application, which by definition is unilateral, anysettlement requires a consensus between the parties at …”

Implementing rules S. 573-574

„… ) applications for legal aid;(c) reports by the Court of perjury by witnesses or experts, delivered pursuantto …” „… no discrepancy as both texts use the term ‘legal aid’. However,in the German version, the terminology …”

[Criteria of allocation] S. 593-594

„… application being successful are slim.Article 12 [Criteria of allocation]1. The General Court shall lay down …” „… division of legal labour wouldrisk compartmentalization within the same judicial instance, and might …” „… 13 [Assignment, Judge-Rapporteur]1. As soon as the application initiating proceedings has been lodged …”

[Referring an action to the Court of Justice] S. 905-906

„… factual or legal nature wouldbe in line with the underlying concept of rationalization. Such provision …” „… inthe proceedings.1904 Such as para. 84 (1) of the German rules of procedure governing applications to …” „… little relevance, i.e. whenever an application turns out to be amatter for the Court, not the GC …”

Reply and rejoinder S. 454-456

„… both an application and a statement of defence.IV. Extension of time-limit (paragraph 3)10Since the …” „… isnot a party to a case, the Court shall send to them copies of the application and ofthe defence …” „… being invoked under Article 277 TFEU.The ex officio communication of applications and statements of …”

Joinder S. 344-346

„… type”. Thus, two or more cases may be joined provided (1) the legal remedieswhich triggered them belong …” „… relieved of itsduty to assess the legal pleas submitted in each of the cases118.III. Procedure (paragraph …” „… procedure e.g. inthe event of a withdrawal of an application119 or referral for preliminary ruling120, ifit …”

[Advocate General assisting a Chamber] S. 603-604

„… Advocate General if itis considered that the legal difficulty or the factual complexity of the case …” „… . Conditions2 The substantive criteria (“legal difficulty” or the “factual complexity of the case”)are similar …” „… applications which have beensubmitted for the post.111 Art. 14 RP GC.112 Case T-47/92, Lenz v Commission [1992 …”

[Representing the parties at Court] S. 120-130

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11c) Legal status …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19bb) Legal aid …” „… represented184, an obligationwhich applies to all legal remedies185, at every stage of the proceedings. To …”

Evidence produced or offered S. 459-460

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm4. Legal aspects which need to be taken into account ex …” „… includeall evidence in the application546 or the statement of defence547, because e.g. eventhough the party …” „… specifying that both may only be done if it is “insupport of his arguments”. For natural and legal persons …”

[Assistant Registrars] S. 605-606

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm2. An application shall be accompanied by full details of …” „… must not only have a legal background, but must also possess relevantexperience.II. Oath2 The Registrar …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63. No legal advice …”

[Expedited proceedings] S. 273

„… . 56 (2) Statute ECJ.Article 10 [Expedited proceedings](1) Any person whose application to intervene …” „… notification of the decision dismissing the application.(2) The parties to the proceedings may appeal to the …” „… published in the ECR), paras 83–88. Whilethe exclusion of substantive legal arguments which appear in oral …”

[Hearing experts, witnesses and parties] S. 171-172

„… judiciary.3. Application by the parties9 Each party may lodge a reasoned request for a closed hearing, which …” „… with their general obligation to berepresented, such restriction of in-Court expression to legal …” „… a plea sought or of a given legal ground. Thus the partyconcerned does not have to hand in a …”

General rules as to allocation of costs S. 476-477

„… ” include mainly the extrajudicial costs, i.e. thosecosts relating to legal representation and advice …” „… Art. 146 RP ECJ.3. Judicial costs3Unlike many national legal systems the ECJ does not, in principle …” „… application of the legislation contested by the Commission600.Article 139 Unreasonable or vexatious costsThe …”

Parties authorised to lodge a response S. 543-544

„… is a general principle applicable to all legal remedies.II. No obligation to lodge a response2 During …” „… and legal arguments relied on;(d) the form of order sought.2. Articles 119 and 121 of these Rules …” „… reply and a rejoinderonly where the President, on a duly reasoned application submitted by theappellant …”

Cross-appeal S. 547-548

„… requirement of a “duly reasoned application” (see 3. above), it enables the President to limit the contents of …” „… treated as a“separate” legal remedy, which is why the relevant document needs to be separatefrom the …” „… which the appeal was served on him;(c) the pleas in law and legal arguments relied on;(d) the form of …”

[EAEC-Treaty] S. 139

„… procedural requirements of a truly marginal legal remedy, i.e.of an application against a decision of the …” „… application288, since by the time a reply isrequired the deadline of admissibility may have passed for the …”

[Judicial vacations] S. 618-620

„… from 21.11.2012 08:40:123B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmc) Applications and submissions …” „… vacations.c) Applications and submissions4 During the judicial holidays, parties may lodge applications …” „… ) where the defendant is a Member State or a natural or legal person having thenationality of a Member …”

a [Language of the proceedings] S. 969-970

„… a bearing on the operative part of the judgment. Thus,proving a legal error, which is difficult …” „… the other parties to the proceedings before the Civil ServiceTribunal;(c) the pleas in law and legal …” „… those foundin an application at first instance (see Art. 44 RP GC), but not fundamentally so.Paragraphs …”

[Preliminary report] S. 712-714

„… there is no need, in accordancewith Article 47(1), to supplement the application and the defence by a …” „… preliminary report contains a detailed analysis of the admissibilityof the legal remedy, if applicable. It …” „… facts, the legal arguments and the pleassought in each case701. For some interveners this is the only …”

Oral part of the procedure S. 474-475

„… procedure(Art. 135 RP ECJ).II. Length and number of written submissions (paragraph 1)1. Application and …” „… application cannot, be definition, have been draftedconcisely, i.e. in anticipation of an unknown future event …” „… in the Member States.Normally, the party which initiates legal proceedings and thereby forces the …”

[Appointment of the Registrar] S. 604-605

„… inform the Judges of the applications which have beensubmitted for the post.111 Art. 14 RP GC.112 Case T …” „… from 21.11.2012 08:40:063B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm2. An application shall be …” „… (see paragraph 2), as aRegistrar must not only have a legal background, but must also possess …”

Opening of the oral part of the procedure after the inquiry S. 371-372

„… thesubmission of the application/order of referral/appeal and the ECJ’s decision.164 Art. 53 (2) RP ECJ and p …” „… proceedings, such as in taxation matters,– should an application turn out to be manifestly inadmissible164 …” „… relevant facts, legal pleas, and orderssought have been submitted, often through two exchanges of written …”

[Formation of Judges] S. 932-934

„… REFERRED BACK TO ITPreliminaryArticles 117 to 121 do not relate to a particular legal remedy, but instead …” „… the GC automatically informs the GC concerning the case, there is no need for a new application or …” „… understanding that the casemay be assigned to a larger formation if this is justified by the legal difficulty or …”

[Questions] S. 724-733

„… Judge-Rapporteur746 and prepares the oral hearing bysummarizing the factual and legal circumstances of the case as …” „… proceduralaspects of the oral hearing by signalling, e.g. that they are accompanied by the partyor its legal …” „… the particular importance of the rightto be heard, expect such as application to be successful insofar …”

b [No suspensory effect] S. 255-257

„… (paragraph 1, 1st sentence)1Since appeals, like all other legal remedies, have no automatic suspensoryeffect …” „… application for or implementation of interim measures.II. ECJ either decides or refers the case back …” „… (paragraph 2)4In the interest of legal certainty, the GC’s decision concerning to a preliminaryruling – which …”

Unreasonable or vexatious costs S. 477-479

„… State, which has voluntarilysuspended the application of the legislation contested by the Commission600 …” „… the silence of a givenlegislative provision has resulted in legal uncertainty606 for the applicant as …” „… (paragraph 3)2 If a natural and/or legal person intervenes, the general rule in Art. 140 (1) RPECJ applies …”

[Appointment of Judges] S. 262-264

„… respect to the national legal systemsrepresented.(2) Any person who is a Union citizen and fulfils the …” „… may submit an application. The Council, acting on a recommendation from the Court of Justice, shall …” „… determine the conditions and thearrangements governing the submission and processing of such applications.(3 …”

[Staff cases] S. 803-805

„… withdraws the challengedact for reasons raised in the application1161.c) Applicant bears the costs47 The …” „… appeals brought by institutions (seeArt. 148 (2) RP GC).II. CST1. Applicable rule3For all applications …” „… well, whilst in other cases, where the defendant’s legal service takes care ofthe case, the …”

[University teachers] S. 643

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16b) Specific legal basis …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184. Application for measures of organization of procedure …”

Content of the response S. 544

„… him;(c) the pleas in law and legal arguments relied on;(d) the form of order sought.2. Articles 119 and …” „… application submitted by theappellant within seven days of service of the response, considers it …”

Form of order sought in the response S. 544

„… him;(c) the pleas in law and legal arguments relied on;(d) the form of order sought.2. Articles 119 and …” „… application submitted by theappellant within seven days of service of the response, considers it …”

[Decision to stay] S. 779

„… which proceedings are stayed cannot be challenged through an appealor any other legal remedy.Article 79 …” „… shall, except for the purposes of the timelimit prescribed in Article 115(1) for an application to …”

[Costs] S. 935

„… . Thus, after the referralback to the GC the parties may not put forward new legal pleas unless said …” „… unknown to him prior to lodging the application2094.II. Not applicable rules2 In contrast to the second …”

[Notice of appeal] S. 970

„… before the Civil ServiceTribunal;(c) the pleas in law and legal arguments relied on;(d) the form of order …” „… . General1The contents and structure of a “notice of appeal” are different from those foundin an application …”

[Referral back to GC] S. 932

„… REFERRED BACK TO ITPreliminaryArticles 117 to 121 do not relate to a particular legal remedy, but instead …” „… the GC automatically informs the GC concerning the case, there is no need for a new application or …”

Delivery and service of the judgment S. 388-389

„… part of the judgment withinthe limits of Art. 155 and interpret its judgments, upon application, in …” „… indication as to the formation of the Court,(c) the date of its adoption,(d) an indication as to the legal …”

[Further tasks of the Registrar] S. 610-611

„… proceedings, these rules onlyprovide for the publication of a notice of any application in the Official …” „… officials andtemporary agents (see Art. 28 et seq.).II. Effecting service (paragraph 1)2In contrast to legal …”

a S. 935-936

„… . Thus, after the referralback to the GC the parties may not put forward new legal pleas unless said …” „… unknown to him prior to lodging the application2094.II. Not applicable rules2 In contrast to the second …”

[Response] S. 972-973

„… ) the date on which notice of the appeal was served on the respondent;(c) the pleas in law and legal …” „… be supplemented by a reply and arejoinder where the President, on application made by the appellant …”

Anonymity S. 407-408

„… at any time365; said referral may also lose its object, e.g. as aresult of a legal remedy at national …” „… Surveillance Authority, where a question concerning one of the fields of application of that Agreement is …”

Interpretation of preliminary rulings S. 419-420

„… and amounts to something a preventive legal advice, it’sparagraph 1 being addressed to potential …” „… ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6bb) Well-reasoned application …”

[Competence of the Chambers] S. 592-593

„… chances of such application being successful are slim.Article 12 [Criteria of allocation]1. The General …” „… that such division of legal labour wouldrisk compartmentalization within the same judicial instance …”

[Applicable provisions] S. 934-935

„… referralback to the GC the parties may not put forward new legal pleas unless said pleas arefounded upon …” „… the application2094.II. Not applicable rules2 In contrast to the second title, the third title …”

Expedited procedure S. 420-425

„… ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6bb) Well-reasoned application …” „… (“exceptionality”).bb) Well-reasoned application7The need to deal with the referred questions “within a short time …” „… determined in view of the importance of the legal issues, i.e.regardless of the number of persons concerned …”

Appointment of the Registrar S. 295-297

„… tosubmit their applications within a time-limit of not less than three weeks,accompanied by full details of …” „… unclear, as is the case with Judges or Advocate Generals, whether theRegistrar concerned has any legal …”

Form of order sought, pleas in law and arguments of the cross-appeal S. 548-549

„… reasons of clarity of the proceedings, a cross-appeal is now treated as a“separate” legal remedy, which is …” „… pleas in law and legal arguments relied on;(d) the form of order sought.2. Articles 119, 121 and 122(1 …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm3. The pleas in law and legal arguments relied on shall identify …”

Costs where a case does not proceed to judgment S. 481

„… modifies the contentious decision or replacesit by another legal act, which takes account of the …” „… the exception inlit a), ever since proceedings initiated by natural or legal persons are no …” „… . Thewording as it stands does thus not apply to e.g. manifestly inadmissible applicationsand appeals.Rules of …”

Costs of proceedings S. 481-482

„… modifies the contentious decision or replacesit by another legal act, which takes account of the …” „… the exception inlit a), ever since proceedings initiated by natural or legal persons are no …” „… . Thewording as it stands does thus not apply to e.g. manifestly inadmissible applicationsand appeals.Rules of …”

Response to the cross-appeal S. 549

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm3. The pleas in law and legal arguments relied on shall …” „… where the President, on a duly reasoned applicationsubmitted by the party who brought the cross-appeal …”

Reply and rejoinder on a cross-appeal S. 549-550

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm3. The pleas in law and legal arguments relied on shall …” „… where the President, on a duly reasoned applicationsubmitted by the party who brought the cross-appeal …”

[Minutes] S. 737-739

„… applicationfor costs805; waiving a given legal ground806; explicitly accepting a request by theother party807 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259079

Urs Kindhäuser, Michael Pawlik - Notwehr in Deutschland und China

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Urs Kindhäuser (ed.), Michael Pawlik (ed.)

Notwehr in Deutschland und China

Series: Studien zu Recht und Rechtskultur Chinas

Volume 8 2020

Results in this title

Yu Chong The Application of the Principle of Legal Procedure Priority in Justifiable Defense S. 149-176

„… 149 The Application of the Principle of Legal Procedure Priority in Justifiable Defense Yu Chong …” „… the application of justifiable defense. 1. The Existing Theory of the Principle of Legal Procedure …” „… discomfort theory and the lack of urgency theory. The Application of the Principle of Legal Procedure …”

Zhao Shuhong Zum gegenwärtigen rechtswidrigen Angriff bei der Notwehr S. 321-336

„… Strafrecht Chinas (浅析我国刑法中抢劫罪的手段行为 ), Legal System and Society (法治与社会 ), 2018 (6), 56-57. 18 Zhu Lijun …” „… (朱丽君), Zur notwendigen Grenze bei der Notwehr (试析正当防卫的必要限度), Legal System and Society (法制与社会), 2017 …” „… ), Legal Vision (法制博览), 2018 (4), 4-6; Shen Deyong (沈德咏), Wie man die Notwehr in der Praxis anwendet …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Notwehrbefugnis von Amtsträgern 119 Wang Gang The Application of the Principle of Legal Procedure Priority in …”

Urs Kindhäuser, Michael Pawlik Einleitung S. 11-30

„… Befugnissen und der Notwehr aus Sicht des notwehrübenden Privaten. Sein Beitrag „The Application of the …” „… Principle of Legal Procedure Priority in Justifiable Defense” setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845297156

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Stephan Hobe

Space Law

2019

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Chapter 10 Legal Regulation for Specific Space Applications S. 143-180

„… CHAPTER 10 LEGAL REGULATION FOR SPECIFIC SPACE APPLICATIONS Chapter 10 presents a systematic …” „… overview on space applications which are subject to a specific legal regulatory regime. A need for such …” „… l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT). Chapter 10 Legal Regulation for Specific Space Applications 150 The trend of …”

Chapter 8 Specific legal regimes S. 93-126

„… CHAPTER 8 SPECIFIC LEGAL REGIMES This chapter will examine three specific legal regimes: first, the …” „… further fields of human activities to be involved demands for the further development of legal regulation …” „… especially in fields in which the amount of space activities is growing. I. The legal regime for commercial …”

Chapter 2 Concrete applications S. 17-28

„… CHAPTER 2 CONCRETE APPLICATIONS This chapter will give an overview of the main space-related …” „… applications — which are mostly satellite-based (such as navigation, remote sensing, broadcasting and …” „… launch vehicle which can carry up to 15 tons in LEO and Chapter 2 Concrete applications 18 6 tons in …”

Chapter 11 International and regional institutionalized cooperation in human activities in outer space Cooperation in human activities in outer space S. 181-196

„… ) was established with its two sub-committees, the Scientific and Technical and the Legal Subcommittee …” „… Technical Subcommittee, then the Legal Subcommittee meet. Their two-week sessions are followed by a session …” „… : http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/copuos/members/evolution.html (last accessed 9 January 2019). 2 Vlasic, Ivan, The Legal Aspects of the Peaceful and Non-Peaceful …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. 142 CHAPTER 10 LEGAL REGULATION FOR SPECIFIC SPACE APPLICATIONS Satellites …” „… and to provide the reader with the essential tools to understand the legal framework of human …” „… was given to describing the general legal picture in as complete a way as possible rather than …”

Chapter 4 History of space law S. 39-50

„… , of course, to do with possible military applications of outer space as one of the international …” „… for the development of legal principles. Other early writings started only during the time when the …” „… on the legal regime of outer space. II. Space law making in UNCOPUOS The UN Headquarters in Vienna …”

Chapter 6 Sources of space law S. 57-68

„… different phases of space law making. The legal principles contained in treaty law and resolutions will then …” „… 1979) seem to be the most relevant legal instruments in the development of space law. As has been …” „… the freedom of scientific investigation in Article I, para 3 OST. Legal status of outer space Moreover …”

Index S. 257-266

„… bodies 27, 54, 59, 89, 98–100, 105, 109–110, 158 – environmental protection 109–110 – legal status 59 …” „… navigation system 21–22, 154–155, 158 Chorzów Factory Case 81, 203 Civil applications 21, 151 – of navigation …” „… initiatives on space resource mining 164–165 Commercial uses of outer space 37, 49, 74, 93, 160 – legal regime …”

Chapter 9 National space legislation S. 127-142

„… 2013 as the legal basis for national legislation Human activities in outer space must not necessarily …” „… problem of the binding force of international legal provisions for private entities immediately arises …” „… reliable natural or legal persons and that any launch of a private entity into outer space needs a license …”

Chapter 7 Main legal concepts of space legislation S. 69-92

„… CHAPTER 7 MAIN LEGAL CONCEPTS OF SPACE LEGISLATION In this chapter the most important concepts of …” „… body of space law, its principles and freedoms as set out in the corpus iuris spatialis are the legal …” „… (Article II OST) The status of outer space as an international legal common space is specifically laid down …”

Chapter 5 Space Law as self-contained regime or part of public international law (Article III OST)? Space Law as self-contained regime or part of public int’l law S. 51-56

„… self-contained regime — e.g. diplomatic law, the legal regime governing the World Trade Organization (WTO) as …” „… well as the legal system of the European Union — so far no single system in international law has been …” „… of a legal obligation takes place. This means a deviation from the rules on State responsibility as …”

Chapter 12 Settlement of disputes S. 197-208

„… international legal dispute settlement as a mechanism to reach a solution through the judiciary which has been …” „… chosen by the conflicting parties by consent will be given. Moreover, legal possibilities to settle …” „… clarifying legal questions on international law. The ICJ came into existence in 1945 with the foundation of …”

Chapter 13 Perspectives S. 209-224

„… . I. Uncertainty about the legal sources — a basis for the future? International space law has …” „… General Assembly as the legal basis for human activities in outer space should be the source of the law …” „… International Agreements relating to activities in outer space as at 1 January 2018, UNCOPUOS-Legal Subcommittee …”

Chapter 1 Some astrophysical and mechanical facts: 5 minutes physics and mechanics Some astrophysical and mechanical facts S. 1-16

„… impose rules applying to the whole universe, it is necessary to delimit the scope of application of legal …” „… for understanding the need for and the relevance of their legal regulation. As it is impossible to …” „… . Although there is no legal definition of outer space and the boundary between airspace and outer space …”

E. Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial BodiesUnited Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1363, No. 23002. S. 248-255

„… system, other than the Earth, except insofar as specific legal norms enter into force with respect to any …” „… of the General Assembly of the United Nations in order to consider, in the light of past application …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266343

Charles J. Russo, Izak Oosthuizen, Charl C. Wolhuter - International Perspectives on Student Behavior

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Charles J. Russo, Izak Oosthuizen, Charl C. Wolhuter

International Perspectives on Student Behavior

2014

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4 Legal Aspects and Practical Application of Disciplinary Actions in the Turkish Public Educational System S. 51-62

„… Chapter FourLegal Aspects and PracticalApplication of Disciplinary Actions inthe Turkish Public …” „… turning points in the country’s history.Legal Aspects and Practical Application of Disciplinary Actions 53 …” „… and nation, who know their duties and respon-Legal Aspects and Practical Application of Disciplinary …”

2 Student Discipline in China S. 21-34

„… teachers and follow their commands. Second,beginning in the late 1970s, China launched economic and legal …” „… being immature and incomplete,the legal regulations for student discipline have gained their initial …” „… shape buthave kept evolving.The chapter begins with a brief introduction of the Chinese legal …”

Preface

„… China 21Suping Shen, Jun Wang, and Ran ZhangIntroduction to the Legal System 21Student Misconduct in …” „… Misconduct in Malaysian Schools 37Emerging Issues 48Conclusion 48Key Points 49Notes 494 Legal Aspects and …” „… Practical Application of Disciplinary Actionsin the Turkish Public Educational System 51Ricardo Lozano and …”

3 The Law Regulating Student Discipline in Malaysia S. 35-50

„… . As a consequence, the commonlaw exerts a significant influence on the legal system in Malaysia.Since …” „… the legal system when there is a lacuna inMalaysian law. In cases involving litigation in schools, the …” „… , and disrup-tive behavior in class.The Application of Due Process to Disciplinary MethodsUnder the …”

5 Student Discipline from Authoritarian Apartheid to Constitutionalism S. 63-88

„… an Education Law perspective, as in this chapter, consid-eration is given to the overarching legal …” „… law.The rest of this chapter then examines the legal framework of education inSouth Africa and a variety …” „… conclusion.LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICAThe primary sources of South African law are legislation …”

6 Reflections and Recommendations S. 89-96

„… discipline, the attitude of educators hasevolved from positional to charismatic to rational-legal authority …” „… learnermisconduct. The chapter on China reports their emphasis on the applicationof Max Weber’s charismatic …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781475814842

Verena Frick, Oliver W. Lembcke, Roland Lhotta - Politik und Recht

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Verena Frick (ed.), Oliver W. Lembcke (ed.), Roland Lhotta (ed.)

Politik und Recht

Series: Politik und Recht

Volume 2017

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Andreas Corcaci Conceptual considerations on compliance in the European Union S. 487-504

„… implementation; APP: application; ENF: enforcement; l: legal act, er: European court rulings; nr: national court …” „… institutions, measures and instruments that enable application of transposed legal acts. This …” „… institutions and citizens, which concerns legal application. Full compliance does not exist as long as legal …”

Liesbeth Huppes-Cluysenaer Cooperation of Law and Politics: How Shared Meaning of Words is Established S. 85-108

„… law were spent in reading (in Latin) and interpreting ancient legal texts of Roman Law. So while there …” „… the application of a word can imply interpretation.13 Wittgenstein doesn’t differentiate between a …” „… many references were made to the legal practice.28 Kuhn explains how difficult it is to give an …”

Annette Förster Terrorismusbekämpfung im Spannungsfeld von Politik und Recht S. 437-452

„… Anschlägen vom 11. September 2001 muss die Frage nach den Grenzen legitimen und legalen demokratischen …” „… . 19 »No court, justice, or judge shall have jurisdiction to hear or consider an application for a writ …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845280349

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