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Bastian Haslinger - Zuschauerausschreitungen und Verbandssanktionen im Fußball

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Bastian Haslinger

Zuschauerausschreitungen und Verbandssanktionen im Fußball

Reihe: Schriften zum Sportrecht

Band 23 2011

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Das Internationale Sport-Schiedsgericht (CAS / TAS) S. 85-90

„… Samaranch, das Internationale Sport-Schiedsgericht (Tribunal Arbitral du Sport TAS oder Court of Arbitration …” „… , Das Internationale Sport-Schiedsgericht in Lausanne, in: Recht und Sport, Band 22 …” „… . Netzle, Das Internationale Sportschiedsgericht in Lausanne, in: Recht und Sport, Band 22 …”

Vorteile der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit im Sport S. 79-83

„… Sport-Schiedsgerichts auf nationaler bzw. auf internationaler Ebene gefördert. In diesem Zusammenhang ist auch die …” „… Prokop, Nationale und internationale Sportgerichtsbarkeit, in: Eimer, 2. Internationaler Sport …” „… . Internationaler Sport-Recht Kongress, Vorträge und Diskussionsbeiträge, S. 145 259 Prokop, Nationale und …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 243-248

„… Internationale Sport-Schiedsgericht in Lausanne, in: Recht und Sport, Band 22, Sportgerichtsbarkeit, Stuttgart …” „… Internationale Sportgerichtsbarkeit, in: Eimer, 2. Internationaler Sport-Recht Kongress, Vorträge und …” „… Sportgerichtsbarkeit, in: Eimer, 2. Internationaler Sport-Recht Kongress, Vorträge und Diskussionsbeiträge, Bonn 2002 …”

Fazit S. 90-91

„… Schiedsgerichte sehen sich 297 Netzle, Das Internationale Sport-Schiedsgericht in Lausanne, in: Recht und Sport …” „… Lausanne, SpuRt 2002, 7, 9 299 Netzle, Das Internationale Sport-Schiedsgericht in Lausanne, in: Recht und …” „… , Band 22, Sportgerichtsbarkeit, S. 14 298 Hofmann, Das Internationale Sportschiedsgericht (CAS) in …”

Ein bundesweites Schiedsgericht für den Sport oder einzelne verbandsspezifische Schiedsgerichte? S. 83-85

„… Samaranch, das Internationale Sport-Schiedsgericht (Tribunal Arbitral du Sport TAS oder Court of Arbitration …” „… Leichtathletik-Verband.270 Das Deutsche Sportschiedsgericht stützt sich auf eine eigene Sport-Schiedsgerichtsordnung …” „… Schiedsgerichte? Bei der Ausgestaltung einer Sport-Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit besteht einerseits die Möglichkeit, ein …”

Überprüfbarkeit der Schiedssprüche des CAS durch das Schweizerische Bundesgericht S. 148-151

„… ; Netzle, Das Internationale Sport-Schiedsgericht in Lausanne, in: Recht und Sport, Band 22 …” „… und Verbände die Sport-Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit des CAS grundsätzlich der Zuständigkeit staatlicher …” „… einen internationalen Bezug, da der die Sanktion aussprechende Sportverband und der Betroffene in aller …”

In den Sportverbänden und der Gesetzgebung S. 219-220

„… konsequente Durchsetzung des strict liability-Prinzips im Sport ausgesprochen.720 Entsprechende Beschlüsse …” „… vielmehr einer internationalen Betrachtung und internationaler Lösungsansätze. Dies gilt insbesondere vor …” „… dem Hintergrund internationaler Fußball-Wettbewerbe, wie z.B. die UEFA Champions League oder …”

Die Rechtsprechung des Reichsgerichts S. 91-93

„… und Etablierung einer Sport-Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit ist aus den dargestellten Gründen allen …” „… erfahrenen Sport-Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, wie dies z.B. beim DFB sicherlich zu bejahen ist, auch weiterhin auf …” „… der Schiedsrichter im sportrechtlichen Bereich und deren Nähe zum Sport ist überdies grundsätzlich …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit im Bereich des DFB 83 bb) Das DIS-Sportschiedsgericht 84 c) Das Internationale …” „… Sport-Schiedsgericht (CAS / TAS) 85 aa) Die Bedeutung des CAS 85 bb) Das Verfahren vor dem CAS 87 d) Fazit 90 4. Die …” „… Verbandsautonomie nach Schweizer Recht 43 3. Die statuarischen Regelungen der internationalen Fußballverbände und …”

Fazit / Stellungnahme S. 78-79

„… sind. Da v.a. im Bereich des professionellen Sports der nationalen und internationalen …” „… generell Schranken für Verbandsregelungen setzen, die ganz überwiegend die Ausübung des Sports betreffen …” „… oder internationalen Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit ausreichend und v.a. im richtigen rechtlichen Kontext …”

Einleitung und Problembeschreibung S. 17-21

„… Durchlaufen des verbandsinternen Instanzenzuges Schiedsklage zum internationalen Sport-Schiedsgericht (CAS) in …” „… argentinischen Fußball berichtet.22 Die nationalen und internationalen Fußballverbände sehen sich im Hinblick …” „… unterliegen (IV.). Die Sportgerichte der nationalen und internationalen Fußballverbände 19 …”

Überschneidungsbereich zwischen zivilrechtlicher Verschuldenshaftung und verbandsrechtlicher Kausalhaftung S. 199-209

„… Zuschauerausschreitungen, in: Recht und Sport Band 38, Hooliganismus, S. 39: Dies ist in der Regel der gastgebende Verein …” „… , Zivilrechtliche Haftung für Zuschauerausschreitungen, in: Recht und Sport Band 38, Hooliganismus, S. 42 664 siehe …” „… oben, II. 1. b) 665 Walker, Zivilrechtliche Haftung für Zuschauerausschreitungen, in: Recht und Sport …”

Die statuarischen Regelungen und das Sportgerichtsverfahren der FIFA S. 45-49

„… , das die Aufgaben einer „Sport-Staatsanwaltschaft“ wahrnimmt, existiert im Bereich der FIFA nicht.120 …” „… Notwendigkeit der statuarischen Verankerung einer „Sport-Staatsanwaltschaft“ Hilpert, Organisation und Tätigkeit …” „… 45 3. Die statuarischen Regelungen der internationalen Fußballverbände und des DFB zur …”

Ergebnis - Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede S. 61-64

„… Verantwortlichkeit der Vereine für das Fehlverhalten ihrer Anhänger. Das Internationale Sport-Schiedsgericht (CAS …” „… Sport, in: Schriftenreihe des Württembergischen Fußball-Verbandes Nr. 24, Verbandsrechtsprechung und …”

„Weißbuch Sport“ der EU-Kommission vom 11.07.2007 S. 226-228

„… Orientierung in und außerhalb des Fußballstadions nicht zuzulassen.757 f) „Weißbuch Sport“ der EU-Kommission …” „… vom 11.07.2007 Das „Weißbuch Sport“ 758 enthält eine Reihe von Maßnahmen, die von der EU-Kommission …” „… Tätigkeit im Sportbereich sein soll.759 In das „Weißbuch Sport“ der EU-Kommission vom 11.07.2007 sind viele …”

Interessenvertretung der Fußballverbände in der Europäischen Union S. 220-221

„… Problem, sondern bedarf vielmehr einer internationalen Betrachtung und internationaler Lösungsansätze …” „… . Dies gilt insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund internationaler Fußball-Wettbewerbe, wie z.B. die UEFA …” „… hat daher der DFB eine ständige Repräsentanz im EU-Büro des deutschen Sports in Brüssel.721 Diese …”

Abküzungsverzeichnis S. 15-16

„… Bundesverfassungsgerichts bzgl. bezüglich CAS Court of Arbitration for Sport DFB Deutscher Fußball-Bund e.V. DFB-RVO Rechts …” „… EuGH Europäischer Gerichtshof e.V. eingetragener Verein ff. folgende FIFA Fédération Internationale de …” „… gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen h.M. herrschende Meinung 16 ICAS Council of Arbitration for Sport i.d.R …”

Verbandsinterne Rechtsetzung und Gerichtsbarkeit als Ausfluss der Verbandsautonomie aus Art. 9 GG S. 41-43

„… die großen internationalen Fußballverbände FIFA und UEFA ihren Sitz in der Schweiz haben, soll zudem …” „… ; Sauter/Schweyer/Waldner, Der eingetragene Verein, Rn. 39c; Kauffmann, Verbandsrechtsprechung im Sport, in: Schriftenreihe …” „… , S. 8; Steiner, Der Sport als Gegenstand des Verfassungsrechts, SpuRt 2008, 222, 223; Steiner …”

Europäisches Übereinkommen über Gewalttätigkeiten und Ausschreitungen von Zuschauern bei Sportanlässen, insbesondere bei Fußballspielen, vom 19.08.1985 S. 221-223

„… • Ergreifung von geeigneten erzieherischen und sozialen Maßnahmen, um Gewalttätigkeiten im Sport insbesondere …” „… dadurch zu verhindern, dass das Ideal des Sports gefördert wird und der Gedanke des Fair Play v.a. bei …” „… Sicherheit bei Fußballspielen von internationaler Bedeutung vom 25.04.2002 Durch Beschluss des Ministerrates …”

Zusammenfassende Thesen S. 229-242

„… den Fußballstadien nahm im nationalen wie im internationalen Bereich in den vergangenen Jahren wieder …” „… Rechtspre-232 chung andererseits auf verschiedene Verbandsorgane verteilt, was im Bereich des Sports eher …” „… bietet im Sport gegenüber der staatlichen Gerichtsbarkeit zahlreiche Vorteile. Sie zeichnet sich …”

Grundrechtlich geschützte Interessen des Vereins - Art. 12 GG S. 167-172

„… Meisterschaft erringen, an einem internationalen Wettbewerb teilnehmen kann oder letztlich aus der Spielklasse …” „… . in Bezug auf die Teilnahmeberechtigung an internationalen oder nationalen Pokalwettbewerben verhängt …” „… Gesellschaft.556 Art. 9 Abs.1 GG ermöglicht insoweit dem verbandsorganisierten Sport eine eigene, aus der …”

Art. 9 Abs.1 GG S. 65-67

„… Überprüfbarkeit verbandsautonomen Handelns kommt zunehmend der nationalen und internationalen …” „… Nicklisch, Selbstordnung des Sports durch Verbände aus der Sicht des Zivilrechts, in: Verbandsautonomie und …” „… ; Palandt-Heinrichs, BGB, § 242 Rn. 7; Steiner, Doping aus verfassungsrechtlichen Sicht, in: Recht und Sport …”

Bewertung der europäischen Maßnahmen S. 228

„… Europäischen Union über die Sicherheit bei Fußballspielen von internationaler Bedeutung vom 25.04.2002 wichtige …” „… 13.02.2007 und die Ausführungen der EU-Kommission im „Weißbuch Sport“ vom 11.07.2007 sehr bedeutsam, da darin …” „… Zuschauerausschreitungen bei Fußballspielen sind die Ausführungen allerdings insbesondere im „Weißbuch Sport“ recht …”

Anlehnung an den zivilrechtlichen Beseitigungs- und Unterlassungsanspruch (§ 1004 BGB) S. 190-199

„… Zuschauerausschreitungen im Fußball, in: Arter/Baddeley (Hrsg.) Sport und Recht -Sicherheit im Sport- S. 149 ff. 191 aa …” „… verbandsrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit für Zuschauerausschreitungen im Fußball, in: Arter/Baddeley (Hrsg.), Sport und …” „… Recht -Sicherheit im Sport- S. 154 648 Münchner Kommentar-Medicus, § 1004 Rn. 71; zum Streitstand vgl …”

Die Vereins- und Verbandsautonomie nach Schweizer Recht S. 43-45

„… Sportgerichtsverfahren nach deutschem Recht, in: Recht und Sport, Band 22, Sportgerichtsbarkeit, S. 21; Kauffmann …” „… , Verbandsrechtsprechung im Sport, in: Schriftenreihe des Württembergischen Fußball-Verbandes Nr. 24 …” „… BGE 97 II 108, 113 45 3. Die statuarischen Regelungen der internationalen Fußballverbände und des DFB …”

Vereinbarkeit der verbandsrechtlichen Norm mit Art. 20 des Schweizerischen Obligationenrechts (OR) S. 134-141

„… Instanzenzuges eine Streitentscheidung durch ein Schiedsgericht vorsehen.430 Auf internationaler Ebene hat sich …” „… verbandsrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit für Zuschauerausschreitungen im Fußball, in: Arter/Baddeley (Hrsg.), Sport und …” „… Recht -Sicherheit im Sport- S. 144, 145 458 CAS, Entscheidung vom 03.06.2003, Az.: 2002/A/423, Rn …”

Beschluss des Ministerrates der Europäischen Union über die Sicherheit bei Fußballspielen von internationaler Bedeutung vom 25.04.2002 S. 223-224

„… internationaler Bedeutung vom 25.04.2002 Durch Beschluss des Ministerrates vom 25.04.2002741 ist jeder …” „… grenzüberschreitende polizeiliche Zusammenarbeit bei Fußballspielen von internationaler Bedeutung erleichtern.743 …” „… Die Daten werden dann international im Rahmen einer grenzüberschreitenden polizeilichen Zusammenarbeit …”

Verschuldensunabhängige Verantwortlichkeit für Handlungen der eigenen Anhänger S. 120-130

„… international football competitions […].“ In einem anderen Verfahren hat auch die Kontroll- und …” „… berücksichtigt belastende wie entlastende Momente. Nach diesen Kriterien haben sich in der Sport …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845228853

Lea Eggerstedt - Probleme der Lizenz- und Schiedsgerichtsverträge im deutschen Berufsfußball

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Lea Eggerstedt

Probleme der Lizenz- und Schiedsgerichtsverträge im deutschen Berufsfußball

Reihe: Schriften zum Sportrecht

Band 10 2008

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit im Sport S. 153-154

„… 153IV. Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit im SportAuch zwischen deutschen …” „… Sportlern/Vereinen/Verbänden und internationalenVerbänden können Schiedsklauseln vereinbart werden. Der Vorteil ist die …” „… . InternationaleSchiedsvereinbarungen unterliegen dem Recht, welches die Parteien durch eineso genannte Rechtswahlklausel für sich …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 163-169

„… : Die Sport(-schieds)gerichtsbarkeit der Athleten, In: Recht der Athleten, Akademieschrift 49des DSB, S …” „… , in:HK, §, Rn.)Hantke, Dietmar: Brauchen wir eine Sport-Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit? SpuRt 1998, S. 186 - S …” „… Internationale Sportschiedsgericht in Lausanne, SpuRt 2002, S. 7 - S.11Hollerer, Thomas: Der Berufsfußballer im …”

Vorteile des Schiedsverfahrens S. 116-119

„… 116E. Die Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit im ProfifußballDer organisierte Sport tendiert insgesamt mehr und …” „… und dem Verein/Spieler bezüglich der Lizenzerteilung für zuständig erklärt.Kennzeichnend für den Sport …” „… Vorteile des Schiedsgerichtsverfahrens im Sport deutlich zu machen, sollen die Vor- und Nachteile des …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… . Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit im Sport 153F. Lizenzstreitigkeiten vor den ständigen und neutralen …” „… . Dieter Rössner im Auftrag des Bundesinstituts für Sport in den Jahren 2003 und 2004 durchgeführt und …” „… staatlichen Gerichte beim vorläufigen Rechtsschutz durch Schiedsgerichtsklauseln im Sport 144c …”

Die Einrichtung eines zentralen Schiedsgerichts für Sportstreitigkeiten aller Sportverbände- in Händen des DFB? S. 151-153

„… lang.574 Summerer, PHB, 2. Teil, Rn. 278.153IV. Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit im Sport …” „… . International hat sich ein ähnliches Schiedsgericht bereits in Form des CAS/TAS durchgesetzt. Fraglich ist aber …” „… dessen Unparteilichkeit. Die Liste der internationalen CAS-Schiedsrichter zeigt, dass es sich teilweise …”

Das Problem des einstweiligen Rechtsschutzes S. 141-151

„… vorläufigen Rechtsschutz durch Schiedsgerichtsklauseln im SportEs bleibt zu klären, ob die Parteien durch eine …” „… Sports ist die Bereitschaft der Verbände zur Einhaltung der Regeln, die siesich selbst gegeben haben …” „… verfassungsrechtliche Rahmen der privaten internationalen Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, S. 40; Bandel, S. 225.559 Bandel, S …”

Die Rechtsform des Deutschen Fußball-Bundes S. 18-20

„… (DFB)Der DFB ist wie das gesamte Sportverbandswesen des deutschen Sports durchseinen pyramidenförmigen …” „… der Satzung des Deutschen Sport Bundes(DSB) regelt, dass für jedes Fachgebiet nur ein Spitzenverband …” „… Bundesliga gleichwertigen Spielbetrieb zu errichten.9Die Monopolstellung des DFB wird international …”

Autonome Rechtsetzungsfähigkeit des DFB S. 17-18

„… 17B. Struktur und Regelwerk des DFBDer DFB hat den Rechtsrahmen für den Fußball-Sport und den …” „… das Grundgesetz keine gesonderte Gewährleistung für denSport, jedoch nennen einige Landesverfassungen …” „… den Sport als Staatsziel.1 Vereinsautonomie bedeutet, dass der Verband seine eigene Organisation und …”

Zweck, Aufgabe, Mitglieder und Organe des DFB S. 20

„… internationalen Fußballregeln ausgetragen werden und die internationalen Fußballregeln verbindlich auszulegen …” „… erforderlichen Spiele und Lehrgänge durchzuführen, mit seinen Auswahlmannschaften an internationalen und …” „… Wettbewerben teilzunehmend und internationale Spiele zu bestreiten, die Bundesliga sowie dieFrauen-Bundesliga …”

Der Zweck des Lizenzierungsverfahrens S. 24-27

„… dafürnotwendige Schaffung des Verbandsrechts, das die rechtlichen und organisatorischen Grundlagen für den Sport …” „… Lizenznehmer auch für anderenationale und internationale Wettbewerbe gewährleistet werden.34 Schließlichsoll …” „… gesichert werden, dass sie stabile Bestandteileunserer Gesellschaft und zuverlässige Partner des Sports und …”

Die Gründung des Ligaverbandes und der Deutschen Fußball Liga GmbH (DFL) S. 20-22

„… internationalen Fußballregeln ausgetragen werden und die internationalen Fußballregeln verbindlich auszulegen …” „… erforderlichen Spiele und Lehrgänge durchzuführen, mit seinen Auswahlmannschaften an internationalen und …” „… Wettbewerben teilzunehmend und internationale Spiele zu bestreiten, die Bundesliga sowie dieFrauen-Bundesliga …”

Zusammenfassung und Ergebnis S. 160-162

„… befürchten sind und die Entscheidung eines Schiedsgerichts gerade im Sport auch im Bereich des einstweiligen …” „… einheitlichen nationalen oder internationalen Schiedsgericht ausgetragen werden können, wird die Entwicklung der …”

Exkurs: Tarifverträge für Vertragsspieler S. 94-97

„… Fifproin Betracht, ein anderer Partner könnte aber auch die UEFA sein. Um auf internationaler Ebene das …” „… beispielsweise international spielen wird oder im DFB-Pokal in die nächste Runde kommt. Da die Hauptausgaben der …” „… unwirksam. Die Fragen des kollektiven Arbeitsrechtes im Sport bedürfen also mehrdenn je einer endgültigen …”

Die Rechtsbeziehungen zwischen Lizenzspieler und dem Ligaverband bzw. seinem Verein S. 84-89

„… sprichtdafür, dass Sportler, die den Sport als Arbeitnehmer betreiben, der Gruppe derAngestellten zuzuordnen …” „… Prämie für das Erreichen eines Tabellenplatzes derzur Teilnahme an einem internationalen Wettbewerb …”

Rechtsformwechsel in der Fußball-Bundesliga S. 22-23

„… . Fußball-Bundesliga zu betreiben und die nationalen und internationalen Fußballspiele auszutragen. Organe des …” „… sportspezifischen Anforderungen ambesten gerecht wird, da sie bei einem geringen Kapitaleinsatz eine …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207360

Peter Gilles, Thomas Pfeiffer - Neue Tendenzen im Prozessrecht

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Peter Gilles (Hrsg.), Thomas Pfeiffer (Hrsg.)

Neue Tendenzen im Prozessrecht

2008

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Ulrich Haas Die Streitbeilegung durch Schiedsgerichte im internationalen Sport S. 9-82

„… , Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit, 2005, S. 58; Rigozzi, L’arbitrage international en matière de sport, 2005, Rn. 276 ff. 71 Siehe …” „… international en matière de sport, 2005, Rn. 232 ff.; Oschütz, Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit, 2005, S. 41 ff …” „… , Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit, 2005, S. 101; realtivierend, Rigozzi, L’arbitrage internationale en matière de sport, 2005, Rn …”

Peter Gilles, Thomas Pfeiffer Vorwort der Herausgeber S. 7-8

„… Sportschiedsgerichtsverfahren, WTO- Streitbeilegungsverfahren, ICSID-Schiedsverfahren) Specific Procedures (International Sport …” „… . Weltkonferenz für Prozeßrecht statt. Wie bereits die internationalen Konferenzen in Florenz (1950), Wien (1953 …” „… Internationalen Vereinigung für Prozessrecht/International Association of Procedural Law (IAPL) zurück …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… internationalen Sport 9 Dr. Nikolaj Fischer und Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Peter Gilles Information Technology on …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845208282

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international constitutional framework of sports S. 64-65

„… R.,?The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?under?International,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law?Kluwer?Academic?Publishers,?The?Hague,2003.64The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to theforming of …” „… sportsGradually,?a?total?of?international?institutions?acquire?an?increasing?interest?in?therelation?with?the?sporting?phenomenon.?In?1977 …” „… ?for?instance?UNESCO?founded?thetransnational?organization?for?the?physical?education?and?sport?and?in?1978?UN-ESCO?adopted?the?international?charter?on?the?physical?education?and?sport.68 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport: a defined Community term with international references S. 167-168

„… defined Community term with international referencesIn?the?Introduction?of?the?White?Paper?on?sport,381 …” „… ?has?been?developped.?More?specifically?about?this?issue,?seethe?website?of?the?British?union?of?philosophy?on?sport?http://www.britishphilosophyofsport.paisley.ac.uk/philsport.html?and?the?website?of?the?international?union?of?the?philosophy?of?sport?http://www.iaps.paisley.ac.uk/newsletter.html.?Also?see?Farantos G.,?Prefaceof?Theory-Philosophy?of?Sport?(in?Greek),?Telethrion?Athens,?1996 …” „… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe position S. 66-69

„… ? introduce?constitutionalprovisions?for?sport?and?greatly?interfere?to?its?exercise.?By?various?statutes/lawsthey?try?to?slip?into?the?action?of?sport?clubs?and?control?their?action.?At?the?sametime,?there?are? international?organizations? that?make?a?reference? to …” „… nsidered?to?have?thesame?objective?as?the?community?law.?It?always?has?though?an?institutional?particularity?which?should?be?highlighted?and?carefully?approached.Violence and misbehaviour at sport eventsViolence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe …” „… International LawIt?is?gradually?noticed?that?beyond?the?European?interest?in?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bibliography S. 285-299

„… M.,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in?2004,in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.Beloff …” „… M.,?Is?there?a?Lex?Sportiva,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review,?2005.Beloff M./Kerr T./ Demetriou M..,?Sports?Law,?Hart?Publishing,?Oxford-?Portland?Oregon?1999 …” „… J.,?Sport,?City?and?Nature.?An?introduction,?in?da?Costa?L.?(ed),?Environment?and?Sport.An?international?overview,?Faculty?of?Sports?Sciences?and?Physical?Education,?University?ofPorto,?Portugal,?1997,?pp.?94 ff.Bepler K. (ed.),?Sportler,?Arbeit?und?Statuten,?Herbert?Fenn?zum?65 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… The?freedom?to?contract?and?the?relation?between?the?associativenature?of?sport?and?the?Olympic?organization 61A?state?regulatory?framework?for?sport 63The?international?constitutional?framework?of?sports 64 …” „… Violence?and?Sport?in?International?Treaties-The?Council?of?Europeposition 66Sporting?Rules,?Olympic?Games?and?International?Law 696The?Role?of?NATO 70 …” „… Sport:?a?defined?Community?term?with?international?references 167Sport?and?EU?law 168 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova A state regulatory framework for sport S. 63-64

„… sportsGradually,?a?total?of?international?institutions?acquire?an?increasing?interest?in?therelation?with?the?sporting?phenomenon.?In?1977 …” „… t,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.?So,?sports?constitutes?an?object?ofconstitutional?provisions,?national?legislations?etc.?It?is?not?accidental?that?the?stateaction?is?expanded?in?so?far?as?sport …” „… ?for?instance?UNESCO?founded?thetransnational?organization?for?the?physical?education?and?sport?and?in?1978?UN-ESCO?adopted?the?international?charter?on?the?physical?education?and?sport.68 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The contemporary exercising body S. 31-33

„… ? ingeneral?and?to?the?establishment?of?the?modern?Olympic?Movement?in?particular,competitive?sport?became?an?international?phenomenon.?The?quest?for?progress?andnew?records?is?perhaps?most?clearly?articulated?in?the?Olympic?motto?citius, altius,fortius.?Sport …” „… ?dimension?of?the?IOC,?which?embraces?thefive?continents.Modern?sport?is?an?international …” „… ’? truce?Coubertin?conceived?the?dominant?politicalimportance?of?sport.?Its?dominant?characteristics?involve?up?to?now?the?politicalcontrol?of?sporting?clubs,?the?IOC’s?effect?on?the?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The end of amateur sport and the role of the IOC S. 58-59

„… ?goes?beyond?its?educational?and?cultural?character,?which?was?the?case?when?sport?was?principally?amateur.?Sports?activity?has?assumed?enormous?financial?dimensions?and?constitutes?asource?of?wealth?increase?at?international?level.In?the?beginning?of?the?1980 s,?the?International?Olympic?Committee61 …” „… th?century,?the?development?of?the?sports?phenomenon?has?escaped?privateinitiative.?States,?as?well?as?the?international?legal?order,?show?great?interest?in?sport.Therefore,?sport?is?an?object?of?constitutional?provisions,?national?legislations?butalso?the?object?of?service …” „… ?organizations?and?states.?TheCouncil?of?Europe?has?the?same?concern.?Besides,?the?coordinate?interest?shownby?the?states,?the?European?Union?and?the?international?organizations?is?dictated?bythe?fact?that?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ideological background S. 124-127

„… ,?when?Coubertin?gave?a?speech?in?Paris,?reflected?strong?images?of?peacethrough?international?sport.?He?called?for?sportsmen?to?be?peace ambassadors,?aspart?of?peace?efforts.260In? 1892,? during? a? speech? of? his? in? Sorbonne …” „… ?Olympic?Committee?is?established?aiming?at?placing?sportat?the?service?of?the?harmonious?development?of?humankind?with?a?view?to?encouraging?the?establishment?of?a?peaceful?society?concerned?with?the?preservationof?human?dignity.?With?the?formation?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee?theglobal?society?acquired?another?institution?that?hoped?to?play?an?important?role?inthe?international?relations,?through?sport.257 …” „… When?Coubertin?conceived?the?idea?of?reviving?the?Olympic?Games,?he?set?asa?prerequisite?that?they?should?be?international.?Pierre?de?Coubertin?who?wished“Sport to belong to all …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Human Rights & Anti-Discrimination Provisions in Sports Treaties S. 119

„… TreatiesSeveral?international?treaties?address?the?issue?of?discrimination?in?sports.?Nationallaws,?such?as?the?United?State's?Title?IX,?further?define?this?area.• The? Olympic? Charter? -? The? Fundamental? Principles? of? Olympism? in …” „… ?is?a?human?right?and?prohibit?discrimination?of?any?kind.• International?Covenant?on?Economic,?Social?and?Cultural?Rights?-?No?specificmention?of?sport?is?made?in?the?International?Covenant?on?Economic,?Socialand? Cultural? Rights? (ICESCR).? However,? this? foundational? human …” „… ?and?all?aspects?of?cultural?life.• UNESCO?International?Charter?of?Physical?Education?and?Sport?-?The?UN-ESCO?International?Charter?of?Physical?Education?and?Sport?[pdf]?states?ageneral?prohibition?against?discrimination?by?recalling?the?Universal?Declaration?of?Human?Rights? in? its?preface.?Article?1?of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 134-135

„… ., Drugs,?Health?andSporting?Values,?in:?Sport:?Socio-Legal?Perspectives,?London-Sydney,?2001,?pp.?253,?SoekJ.W., ?The?Legal?Nature?of?Doping?Law,?The?International?Sports …” „… t,?a?characteristic?which?has?led?a?lot?of?people?to?keep?their?distance?from?sport?and?hateit.?Sportsmen?no?longer?compete?for?an?olive?branch?but?for?important?commercialcontracts?and?financial?benefits.?The?commercialization?of?modern?sport …” „… DopingGeneralNowadays,?doping?is?a?disease?for?sport?and?human?society.?It?derives?from?theDutch?word?“dop”,?a?beverage?that?Zulu?warriors?used?prior?to?battle.281?The?termbecame?current?at?the?early?20th?century?in?reference?to?illegal?drugging …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport as a means of expression of the freedom of association S. 57-58

„… ?goes?beyond?its?educational?and?cultural?character,?which?was?the?case?when?sport?was?principally?amateur.?Sports?activity?has?assumed?enormous?financial?dimensions?and?constitutes?asource?of?wealth?increase?at?international?level.In?the?beginning?of?the?1980 s,?the?International?Olympic?Committee61 …” „… ? in?Europe?is?based?traditionally?on?the?organization?structure?ofregional?associations.?At?national?level?these?associations?form?federations.?Eachsport?is?organized?as?part?of?thematic?and?national?federations,?which?are?joined?atEuropean? level? and? constitute? the? so-called? ‘sports?movement’56.?The?OlympicMovement57 …” „… ?(IOC)adopted?two?important?decisions?concerning?the?overall?consideration?of?the?sportsphenomenon,?which?shed?light?on?the?development?of?the?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The interest of modern states in sport S. 59-60

„… th?century,?the?development?of?the?sports?phenomenon?has?escaped?privateinitiative.?States,?as?well?as?the?international?legal?order,?show?great?interest?in?sport.Therefore,?sport?is?an?object?of?constitutional?provisions,?national?legislations?butalso?the?object?of?service …” „… ?organizations?and?states.?TheCouncil?of?Europe?has?the?same?concern.?Besides,?the?coordinate?interest?shownby?the?states,?the?European?Union?and?the?international?organizations?is?dictated?bythe?fact?that?sport …” „… ?phenomenon?has?been?regulated.?For?that?reason?the?basicguidelines?have?been?laid?down?from?the?beginning,?which?will?occur?throughoutthe?present?study.?If?they?were?to?be?mentioned?briefly,?these?guidelines?would?bethe?following:?the?regional?character,?the?fundamental?relation?between?sport?andthe?city,?the?self-determination?of?sport?through?private?law?associations,?as?wellas?the?relation?between?the?athlete,?the?sport?that?he/she?practises?and?the?sportsassociation …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter and consequences thereof. The concept of the Sporting Spirit, of sports traditions and of the Olympic Ideal and fair play S. 71-73

„… ?arebinding?under?the?respective?Contracts.Therefore,?these?principles?cannot?be?understood?through?a?constitutional?approach?or?an?approach?on?the?basis?of?international?law?principles?on?human?rights,but?only?at?philosophical?or?historical?level.Fair play in the Code of Sports Ethics of the Council of …” „… The?text?can?be?found?at?http://culture.coe.fr/Infocentre/txt/eng/espcod.htm.88 Analytically?see?also?in?http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/sport/SportinEurope/charter_en.asp.89 …” „… ? issue?of?asking?the?NATOassistance?in?the?2012?Games?but? they?decided?that? it?was?rather?early?for?suchdiscussions.The international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport from the Renaissance until the Age of Enlightenment S. 30-31

„… ? ingeneral?and?to?the?establishment?of?the?modern?Olympic?Movement?in?particular,competitive?sport?became?an?international?phenomenon.?The?quest?for?progress?andnew?records?is?perhaps?most?clearly?articulated?in?the?Olympic?motto?citius, altius,fortius.?Sport …” „… liberalismLiberalism?as?was?developed?by?John?Lock,?comprised?the?idea?of?free?market?witha?free?access?of?people?who?are?remunerated?proportionally?to?their?performanceand?their?effort.?Sport?is?the?legitimate?offspring?of?liberalism?with?the?aim?of?thefree?access?of?sportspersons?who?practise?and?are?remunerated?in?relation?to?theirperformance? under …” „… Sport?was?over? the?centuries? turned …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Bid Process S. 205-207

„… nstitutions?of?the?Olympic?Movement.?The?analytical?reference?could?prove?it.?The?symbolisms?of?the?pictures?thatwere?shown?at?an?international?level?lead?to?the?same?conclusion.The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal orderSport430 …” „… th?July?for?the?modification,?completion?and?codification?ofthe?existing?legislation?for?physical?education,?etc.?).?The?term?sport?appeared?much?laterand?in?any?case?after?World?War?II.?For?an?analytic?presentation?of?sports?legislation?of?theperiod?1975-1999,?s.?Giakoumelos S.?Sports …” „… he?Greek?capital.?The?other?candidate?cities?which?were?claiming?theGames?were?Atlanta,?Belgrade,?Manchester,?Melbourne?and?Toronto.?The? finalvoting?of?the?members?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee,?took?place?at?the96 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games of a city, a contact, an ideology S. 117-119

„… TreatiesSeveral?international?treaties?address?the?issue?of?discrimination?in?sports.?Nationallaws,?such?as?the?United?State's?Title?IX,?further?define?this?area.• The? Olympic? Charter? -? The? Fundamental? Principles? of? Olympism? in …” „… ?is?a?human?right?and?prohibit?discrimination?of?any?kind.• International?Covenant?on?Economic,?Social?and?Cultural?Rights?-?No?specificmention?of?sport?is?made?in?the?International?Covenant?on?Economic,?Socialand? Cultural? Rights? (ICESCR).? However,? this? foundational? human …” „… ?and?all?aspects?of?cultural?life.• UNESCO?International?Charter?of?Physical?Education?and?Sport?-?The?UN-ESCO?International?Charter?of?Physical?Education?and?Sport?[pdf]?states?ageneral?prohibition?against?discrimination?by?recalling?the?Universal?Declaration?of?Human?Rights? in? its?preface.?Article?1?of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The effect of the Bosman judgment in the Olympic movement rules S. 159-163

„… ? sport(clubs,?federations,?international?federations?etc.)?and?rejected?the?UEFA’s?positionthat?the?submission?of?football?to?the?EC?law?leads?to?the?attenuation?of?the?autonomy? of? the? sporting?movement.358? This? ruling? has? a? special? importance? in …” „… ?system?inthe?aggregate?as?well?as?the?institution?of?the?Olympic?Games?was?in?danger.?TheCourt?decided?that?although?such?selection?rules?“inevitably?has?the?effect?of?limiting?the?number?of?participants?in?a?tournament,?such?limitation?is?inherent?in?theconduct?of?an?international?high-level?sport?event,?which?necessarily?involves?cer-358 Bosman,?par.?71.359 Case?C-438/00?Deutscher?Handballbund?e?v?Kolpak?(2003)?E.C.R.?I-4135 …” „… awful?only?in?so?far?asthey?do?not?violate?the?EC?Treaty?and?the?limitations?that?they?involve?are?inherentin?the?conduct?of?an?international?high-level?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Community law and sport S. 149-152

„… S.,?Governance?of?Sport?:?National,?European?andInternational?Perspectives.?Sports?Law,?Cavendish,?London?2006.319 As?to?broadcasting?rights?for?games?in?the?Greek?legal?order,?s.?Skouris …” „… ? theEuropean?Union,?Sport?Management?International?Journal?(2007),?volume?3?,?issue?2?,?p.39-49,Wathelet M …” „… ., Sport?Governance?and?EU?Legal?Order?:?Present?and?Future, The?InternationalSports?Law?Journal?(2007),?issue?3-4/3-12?,?p.?/a3-4/3-12,?Ibanez C. P …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and the Olympic Charter S. 90-95

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …” „… ,?T.M.C?Asser?Press,?TheHague,?2006.?Rigozzi A.,?L’arbitrage?international?en?matière?de?sport …” „… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputeseffectively,?within?the?family?of?sport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp61-83,?also?in?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.95 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement Rules: Autonomy and Pluralism. S. 55-57

„… Pluralism.The?legal?pluralism?finds?its?best?expression?in?the?field?of?sports?law.?The?relationbetween?private?and?public,?national?and?international,?is?absolutely?developing?inthe?field?of?sports …” „… ?sporting?clubs?bring?forward?national?federations?and?the?latest’s?from?their?side?bring?forward?international?federations.?Theinternational?federations?are?competent?to?introduce/form?specific?rules?regardingthe? respective? sport,?which? even? though? concern? various?matters,? are …” „… ?seq.,?see?also?www.droitdusport.net,?www.cdes,Champion W.,? Sports?Law,?West? Publishing? Co.? 2000,?Dudley W.,?Drugs …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Constitutional Treaty Draft S. 171-173

„… This?treaty?has?been?the?major?accomplishment?of?the?sports?entities,?so?much?so,?that?it?hasinfluenced?big?exponents?to?congratulate?the?authorities.?.-??JAQUES?ROGGE,?President?ofthe?International …” „… ?Olympic?Committee?expressed:?“This?historical?advance?is?reason?for?satisfaction?for?the?Olympic?and?Sports?movement,?and?it?reflects?the?success?of?numerousattempts?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee,?the?National?Olympic?Committees,?theEuropean?Olympic?Committees,?the?thirty?five?International …” „… ,?by?promotingfairness?and?openness?in?sporting?competitions?and?co-operation?between?bodies?responsiblefor?sports,?and?by?protecting?the?physical?and?moral?integrity?of?sportsmen?and?women,especially?young?sportsmen?and?women.395 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and liberalism S. 31

„… ? ingeneral?and?to?the?establishment?of?the?modern?Olympic?Movement?in?particular,competitive?sport?became?an?international?phenomenon.?The?quest?for?progress?andnew?records?is?perhaps?most?clearly?articulated?in?the?Olympic?motto?citius, altius,fortius.?Sport …” „… liberalismLiberalism?as?was?developed?by?John?Lock,?comprised?the?idea?of?free?market?witha?free?access?of?people?who?are?remunerated?proportionally?to?their?performanceand?their?effort.?Sport?is?the?legitimate?offspring?of?liberalism?with?the?aim?of?thefree?access?of?sportspersons?who?practise?and?are?remunerated?in?relation?to?theirperformance? under …” „… international?peace?movement,?of?the?rise?of?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal order S. 207-209

„… ? itspreamble,?acknowledging?not?effortlessly?the?status?of?the?European?sports?community.The?Greek?sports?legislation?embodies?the?fundamental?principles?that?governthe? sports?phenomenon?at? international? level?and?which?focus?on? the …” „… al?reference?could?prove?it.?The?symbolisms?of?the?pictures?thatwere?shown?at?an?international?level?lead?to?the?same?conclusion.The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal orderSport430 …” „… ? followingissues:?self-determination,?limited?state?intervention,?the?international?nature?of?theorganization? of? sport?(which,?however,? starts? from? regional? level),? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Composition and formation- arbitration agreement- competencydecisions S. 97-99

„… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputes?effectively,?within?the?family?ofsport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp?61-83,?alsoin?)?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.169 …” „… Even?though?CAS?arbitrators?are?not?generally?obliged?to?follow?earlier?decisionsor?obey?a?binding?legal?precedent,?they?often?do?so,?contributing?in?this?way?to?thecreation?of?a?very?useful?body?of?sports?law,169?often?characterized?as?lex?sportiva.Ad hoc section …” „… - decisionsCAS?is?governed?by?a?set?of?statutes?which?determine?the?composition,?the?formation,?the?competency?and?the?applicable?law?of?the?court?Mission?of?the?CAS?is?toresolve?by?arbitration?and/or?mediation?disputes?arising?within?the?field?of?sport.156 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to the forming of a European perception about sports S. 65-66

„… ? introduce?constitutionalprovisions?for?sport?and?greatly?interfere?to?its?exercise.?By?various?statutes/lawsthey?try?to?slip?into?the?action?of?sport?clubs?and?control?their?action.?At?the?sametime,?there?are? international?organizations? that?make?a?reference? to …” „… nsidered?to?have?thesame?objective?as?the?community?law.?It?always?has?though?an?institutional?particularity?which?should?be?highlighted?and?carefully?approached.Violence and misbehaviour at sport eventsViolence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe …” „… European perception about sportsBeyond? the? community? organs? there? are?more? European? institutions …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The regulation of sport by the EC law: prevalence of the EC law and self-identity/specificity of sport S. 174-175

„… ., The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?underInternational,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,The?Hague?2003.Weatherill S.,?European?Sports?Law,?Collected?Papers,?University?of?Oxford,?Oxford?2007.175 …” „… sportSport?is?subject?to?the?EC?law?application?as?the?White?Paper?on?Sport?now?clearlymentions.?The?competition?law?and?the?internal?market?provisions?are?applied?tosport?which?constitutes?an?economic?activity.Sport?is?also?subject?to?important?aspects?o …” „… ., Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,Manchesterm?2003,?Blanpain R …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The freedom to contract and the relation between the associative nature of sport and the Olympic organization S. 61-63

„… ?Olympic?Committee.?This?is?a?contractof?accession;?a?contract?that?has?been?signed?without?any?possibility?of?negotiation.?Becausethis?is?the?Olympic,?the?international?sports?reality,?and?when?I?say?sports …” „… t,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.?So,?sports?constitutes?an?object?ofconstitutional?provisions,?national?legislations?etc.?It?is?not?accidental?that?the?stateaction?is?expanded?in?so?far?as?sport …” „… sportSport?constituted?in?a?past?a?human?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individuals/civilians?and?sport?clubs.?The?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenonthough?has?slipped?the?private?initiative?in?our?century.?States?show?intense?interestin?spor …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The White Paper on sport S. 175

„… ., The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?underInternational,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,The?Hague?2003.Weatherill S.,?European?Sports?Law,?Collected?Papers,?University?of?Oxford,?Oxford?2007.175 …” „… ., Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,Manchesterm?2003,?Blanpain R …” „… The White Paper on sportThe?European?Commission?released?on?the?11th?July?2007 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The integration of the ethical rules of sport in national laws S. 74-77

„… Ch.,?The?Greek?Ethics?Committee?and?the?Greek?disciplinary?sports?law(in?Greek),?in?the?International?conference?on?Sports?law,?University?of?Athens,?11-13?December?1993?(published?proceedings).95 Kousoulis S./Malatos A.,?ibid.,?pp.?272 ff.96 …” „… S.?The?disciplinary?review?of?the?infringementsof?the?principles?and?the?rules?of?the?sports?ethics?in?the?field?of?football?(in?Greek),?,?International?conference?on?Sports?law,?University?of?Athens,?11-13?December?1993?(publishedproceedings),?Moderne …” „… cept,?not?a?simple?principle?or?rule.?Responsible?for?its?respect?are?governments,sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European approach to sport S. 175-177

„… ., The?Legal?Status?of?Sportsmen?and?Sportswomen?underInternational,?European?and?Belgian?National?and?Regional?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,The?Hague?2003.Weatherill S.,?European?Sports?Law,?Collected?Papers,?University?of?Oxford,?Oxford?2007.175 …” „… ., Sports?Law?and?Policy?in?the?European?Union,?Manchester?University?Press,Manchesterm?2003,?Blanpain R …” „… ? sportsclubs?etc.)?and?the?increasing?recourse?to?litigation?are?posing?new?questions?asregards?governance,?democracy?and?representation?of?interests?within?the?sportsmovement.176The?Commission?is?fully?aware?–?and?respectful?–?of?the?autonomy?and?diversit …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ad hoc section (ADH) S. 99-100

„… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputes?effectively,?within?the?family?ofsport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp?61-83,?alsoin?)?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.169 …” „… Even?though?CAS?arbitrators?are?not?generally?obliged?to?follow?earlier?decisionsor?obey?a?binding?legal?precedent,?they?often?do?so,?contributing?in?this?way?to?thecreation?of?a?very?useful?body?of?sports?law,169?often?characterized?as?lex?sportiva.Ad hoc section …” „… )?of?the?Swiss?FederalCode?on?Private?International?Law?of?18?December?1987 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and equal opportunities S. 199-200

„… principle?of?fair?play.?The?European?Commission?has,?along?with?the?InternationalOlympic?Committee,?supported?a?pilot?project?on?“sport …” „… ,?the?rate?of?female?employment?at?first?glance?calls?for?no?particularcomment?and?is?even?slightly?higher.??This,?however,?given?that?there?is?indications?that?employment?in?sport?is?somewhat?insecure?and?involves?higherrates?of?part-time?work,?is?not?necessarily?a?plus?point.?As?far?as?the?salariesof?professional?sportsmen?and?sportswomen?are?concerned,?it?is?clear?that?theprinciple?of?equal?treatment?frequently?does?not?apply …” „… ? to?evadecertain?flaws?in?our?society?and,?like?all?other?continents,?is?affected?by?a?numberof?disturbing?developments?which?the?decision-makers?in?European?sport,?be?theypublic?or?private,?state?or?federal,?national?or?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The dialectic relation between the Olympic Charter and the legal order of the Host City – The legal nature of the Olympic Charter S. 213-216

„… ules?of?international?treaties.?Certain?conclusions?can?be?drawn?from?other?rules?of?the?sports …” „… e?to?that?issue.The?relation?between?private?and?public?law?was?clearly?seen?in?the?case?law?ofthe?Council?of?State?concerning?related?issues?of?sports …” „… dependent?fromthe?national?legal?orders?or?the?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Fair play in the Code of Sports Ethics of the Council of Europe S. 73-74

„… ?arebinding?under?the?respective?Contracts.Therefore,?these?principles?cannot?be?understood?through?a?constitutional?approach?or?an?approach?on?the?basis?of?international?law?principles?on?human?rights,but?only?at?philosophical?or?historical?level.Fair play in the Code of Sports Ethics of the Council of …” „… The?text?can?be?found?at?http://culture.coe.fr/Infocentre/txt/eng/espcod.htm.88 Analytically?see?also?in?http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/sport/SportinEurope/charter_en.asp.89 …” „… Baron?de?Coubertin?endeavoured?something?much?greater,?at?ideological?and?political?level,?than?the?staging?of?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legal status of the Olympic organization and the legislative framework of sport S. 60-61

„… ?Olympic?Committee.?This?is?a?contractof?accession;?a?contract?that?has?been?signed?without?any?possibility?of?negotiation.?Becausethis?is?the?Olympic,?the?international?sports?reality,?and?when?I?say?sports …” „… ?phenomenon?has?been?regulated.?For?that?reason?the?basicguidelines?have?been?laid?down?from?the?beginning,?which?will?occur?throughoutthe?present?study.?If?they?were?to?be?mentioned?briefly,?these?guidelines?would?bethe?following:?the?regional?character,?the?fundamental?relation?between?sport?andthe?city,?the?self-determination?of?sport?through?private?law?associations,?as?wellas?the?relation?between?the?athlete,?the?sport?that?he/she?practises?and?the?sportsassociation …” „… sportWhat?has?been?mentioned?about?the?existing?framework?of?sport,?takes?on?a?particular?importance?in?view?of?the?organization?of?the?Olympic?Games?of?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the rules of the Olympic Movement S. 181-182

„… ?rules?established?by?private?organizations,?it?can?be?noted?that?the?Courtaccepts?them,?in?so?far?as?they?do?not?restrict?the?Treaty?provisions?and?keep?toissues?bearing?on?the?activity?of?sports?associations.?At?the?same?time,?the?Courtinsists?upon?the?primacy?of?Community?law?against?any?kind?of?rules?or?practicesof?national?or?international?federations?or?associations?governed?by?private?law.The?more?recent?judgments?make?reference?to?the?Bosman?ruling?as?well?as?to?thedeclaration?no.?29 …” „… ?a?free?competition?regime),?the?achievement?of?aEuropean?Olympic?organization?constitutes?a?fact?of?major?importance?for?the?international? society.?Even?though? that? it? is?a?fact? that …” „… MovementFrom?the?above-mentioned?rulings?of?the?European?Court?of?Justice?as?to?the?natureof?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova CAS and ECHR S. 100-101

„… ? SportsFederation?authorised?to?sign?this?entry?form?on?its?behalf.”.101 …” „… table?for?the?required?speed?andstability?in?sport?and?has?definitely?marked?the?beginning?of?a?new?era?in?sport?law.CAS and …” „… ECHRAs?it?has?already?been?mentioned,?speed?in?dispute?resolution?in?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Education S. 198-199

„… principle?of?fair?play.?The?European?Commission?has,?along?with?the?InternationalOlympic?Committee,?supported?a?pilot?project?on?“sport,?schools?and?Olympic?values? in? Europe”? and? has? proclaimed? 2004? as? the? ?European? year? of? Educationthrough? Sport …” „… ,?the?rate?of?female?employment?at?first?glance?calls?for?no?particularcomment?and?is?even?slightly?higher.??This,?however,?given?that?there?is?indications?that?employment?in?sport?is?somewhat?insecure?and?involves?higherrates?of?part-time?work,?is?not?necessarily?a?plus?point.?As?far?as?the?salariesof?professional?sportsmen?and?sportswomen?are?concerned,?it?is?clear?that?theprinciple?of?equal?treatment?frequently?does?not?apply …” „… re?tickets(i)?through?a?MasterCard?credit?card;(ii)?by?payment?from?a?German?bank?account;?and/or(iii)? by? way? of? an? international? bank? transfer? requiring? additional …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Obligatory submission-standard clauses-human rights S. 101-102

„… M.,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in2004,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.186 Dagtoglou …” „… . ,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in2004,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.102 …” „… ? SportsFederation?authorised?to?sign?this?entry?form?on?its?behalf.”.101 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and External Relations S. 200-201

„… ? to?evadecertain?flaws?in?our?society?and,?like?all?other?continents,?is?affected?by?a?numberof?disturbing?developments?which?the?decision-makers?in?European?sport,?be?theypublic?or?private,?state?or?federal,?national?or?international …” „… harassment.?In?sport …” „… ,?this?can?be?seen?in?doping?practices,?in?punishing?trainingprograms?and?in?training?methods?which?exploit?emotional?factors.• promotion?of?a?change? in?roles?and?the?removal?of?sex-related?stereotypes:sport?can?play?a?major?role? in …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping S. 134

„… ., Drugs,?Health?andSporting?Values,?in:?Sport:?Socio-Legal?Perspectives,?London-Sydney,?2001,?pp.?253,?SoekJ.W., ?The?Legal?Nature?of?Doping?Law,?The?International?Sports …” „… t,?a?characteristic?which?has?led?a?lot?of?people?to?keep?their?distance?from?sport?and?hateit.?Sportsmen?no?longer?compete?for?an?olive?branch?but?for?important?commercialcontracts?and?financial?benefits.?The?commercialization?of?modern?sport …” „… DopingGeneralNowadays,?doping?is?a?disease?for?sport?and?human?society.?It?derives?from?theDutch?word?“dop”,?a?beverage?that?Zulu?warriors?used?prior?to?battle.281?The?termbecame?current?at?the?early?20th?century?in?reference?to?illegal?drugging …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ambushing strategies and examples S. 266-270

„… , B./O’Reilly,?N.J.,?The?Olympic?brand,?ambush?marketing?and?clutter.?InternationalJournal?of?Sport?Management?and?Marketing,?5(1.).580 Colantoni,?op?cit.581 Wei L./Kretschmer …” „… M.,?Ambush?Marketing:A?study?of?legal?responses,?in?InternationalSports?Law?Review?(ISLR/Pandektis,?Vol?5:3,?2004).266for?IP?law?violations.?For?instance,?in?1996 …” „… ”,?in?D.P.Panagiotopoulos,?Sports?Law,Implementation?and?the?Olympic?Games,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini,?p.381.584 Colantoni,?op?cit.267 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport, Justice and Home affairs policy S. 201-202

„… emphasis?and?priorities?have?been?placed?elsewhere.??This?stems?partly?from?theabsence?of?any?reference?to?sport?in?the?treaties.??Sport …” „… ddition,?action?to?promote?sport?in?South?Africa,?under?the?directionof?a?Dutch?organisation,?received?funding?of?EUR 8 …” „… ?million.??So?the?Commissionalready?has?albeit?limited?experience?of?supporting?sports-related?projects?in?thedeveloping?countries,?particularly?through?the?MEDA?programme.?It?thus?helpedto?enhance?the?image?of?European?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rationalization of the sports phenomenon in the framework of the Council of Europe S. 182-183

„… ?organizations?and?control?it.Likewise,?various?international?organizations?refer?to?the?sports?phenomenon?andestablish?rules?that?govern?it,?thus?restricting?its?autonomy?and?demonstrating?thewill?of?the?members?of?these?organizations?not?to?leave?sports …” „… ?these?contravene?the?Treaty.?The?Host?City?Contract?would?not?be?able?tosolve?the?problem,?nor?override?Community?law.The rationalization of sports rules in the framework of Community …” „… lawThe?case?law?of?the?European?Court?of?Justice?reveals?that?there?is?an?ever-increasing?effort?to?rationalize?sports?law.?This?is?expressed?mainly?through?the?effort?tobring?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rule of law and the fair play S. 77-79

„… E.,?Sport?and?State?of?Law,?The?limits?of?the?legal?deregulation?and?the?return?tothe?Constitution(in?Greek),?,?in?the?International?conference?on?Sports?law,?University?ofAthens,?11-13?December?1993?(published?proceedings).79 …” „… ? imposed?as?part?of?sportsactivities,?whereas?others?have?an?organizational?purpose.?Lastly,?there?are?rulesconcerning?the?relations?among?sports?organizations104.?According?to? the?SwissFederal?Court,? the? latter?are? the?most?difficult …” „… .Sports?rules,?whether?they?are?of?technical?or?ethical?nature,?should?be?regardedas?rules?relating?to?s …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova European law and Olympic Games S. 152-154

„… ,?which?recognizes?thesocial?character?of?sport?and?its?importance,?as?well?as?the?importance?of?engagingin?a?dialogue?with?the?sports …” „… ?movement.?This?declaration?is?highly?important?andsignifies?the?expansion?of?Community?action?in?the?field?of?sport,?but?also?the?willof?the?Union?to?converse?with?the?sports …” „… zation?to?the?Community?law,?just?like?the?oneof?the?harmonic?coexistence?of?Europe?and?sport,?has?a?pivotal?role.?The?matter?ofthe?coexistence?of?Europe?and?sport?has?engaged?both?the?theory?and?the?commu-328 The?Declaration?no.?29 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rules S. 163-165

„… ports?law,?which?is?expressed?by?its?submission?to?ahierarchic?structure?of?rules,?like?the?case?of?the?aforementioned?judgment.?Thiseffort?is?confirmed?by?the?Report?from?the?Commission?to?the?European?Councilwith?a? view? to? safeguarding?current? sport? structures?and?maintaining? the …” „… ? socialfunction?of?sport?within?Community?framework-The?Helsinki?Report?on?Sportwhich?presents?the?need?of?rationalization?of?the?sports …” „… ? andProspects?for?Community?action?in?the?field?of?sports”?The?paper?identified?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Union S. 137-141

„… ?market?policybut?also?the?public?health,?could?not?remain?idle?towards?this?problem.?Besides,?itwas?the?European?Commission?that?declared?that?sport?is?a?“big?business”?nowadays.292?It?announced?a?financial?aid?of?2?million?Euros?to?the?WADA?programs.Its …” „… G.,?Doping?and?fundamental?rights?of?athletes:?comments?in?the?wake?of?adoption?of?the?World?anti-doping?Code,?in?ISLR?2003.291 Panagiotopoulos D.,?Sports …” „… ?Law?(in?Greek),?Nomiki?Vivliothiki?Publication,?Athens?2006.292 Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,? Sports? Law …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter S. 83-85

„… ? isconsistent,?as?one?could?expect,?with?the?associative?nature?of?sport.?However,?inrespect?of?the?part?that?comprises?some?ideological?elements?there?is?a?very?clearsimilarity? to?a?manifest? of? ideals …” „… ion?has?assumed?all?the?features?ofan?international …” „… ment,?the?tolerance,?the?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova History S. 95-96

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …” „… ,?T.M.C?Asser?Press,?TheHague,?2006.?Rigozzi A.,?L’arbitrage?international?en?matière?de?sport …” „… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputeseffectively,?within?the?family?of?sport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp61-83,?also?in?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.95 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The human body, the international society and the fair play of history S. 18-25

„… Costa?L.,?Toward?a?Theory?of?Environment?andSport,?in:?L.?da?Costa?(ed),?Environment?and?Sport.?An?international?overview,?Faculty?ofSports?Sciences?and?Physical?Education,?University?of?Porto,?Portugal,?1997,?p.?41 f.20 …” „… ual?in?the?international?community.?Simultaneously?they?causedeep?skepticism?to?the?development?of?the?modern?democracy,?since?sport?is?nowa?consentory?weapon?for?the?attainment?of?policy,?authority?and?ideals.The relation between the body and the …” „… international society and the fair play of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sustainable development according to the Olympic Charter and the Host City Contract S. 114-117

„… rd?International?Conference?of?the?IOC?on?sport?and?the?environment,221 Nolte …” „… M.,?Sport?und?Recht,?Ein?Lehrbuch?zum?internationalen,?europäischen?und?deutschenSportrecht,?Hofmann,?Schondorf?2004,?p.172.222 About?the?declaration?of?the?23/10/199 …” „… L.?(ed),?Environment?and?Sport.?An?international?overview,?Faculty?of?SportsSciences?and?Physical?Education,?University?of?Porto,?Portugal,?1997.226 De Coubertin, P.,?A?propos? des?Rallyes,?Revue?Olympic,?Mars? 1907,? pp.? 238-240 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sporting Rules, Olympic Games and International Law S. 69-70

„… International LawIt?is?gradually?noticed?that?beyond?the?European?interest?in?sport …” „… ? international?community.?Thisseems?to?be?obvious?due?to?the?regime?of?the?Ifs?concerning?the?respective?sports.These?federations?though?are?a?part?of?the?IOC?structure?and?are?eventually?subjecthierarchically?to?its?rules.?The?international …” „… ?organizations?do?not?perceive?the?participation?as?being?crucial?to?the?creation?of?a?democratic?governance?regarding?their?organization?and?function?like?theEU.It?could?be?supposed?that?there?are?sufficient?reasons?for?increasing?the?international?community?interest?in?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Addendum S. 165-167

„… . (eds):?OlympicGames?and?Law?(in?Greek),?Ant.N.Sakkoulas?Publcations,?Athens-Komotini,?2003,?BeloffM.,?Is?there?a?Lex?Sportiva,?in:?International?Sports?Law?Review,?2005,?CAS?OG?00/005 …” „… defined Community term with international referencesIn?the?Introduction?of?the?White?Paper?on?sport,381 …” „… ?has?been?developped.?More?specifically?about?this?issue,?seethe?website?of?the?British?union?of?philosophy?on?sport?http://www.britishphilosophyofsport.paisley.ac.uk/philsport.html?and?the?website?of?the?international?union?of?the?philosophy?of?sport?http://www.iaps.paisley.ac.uk/newsletter.html.?Also?see?Farantos G.,?Prefaceof?Theory-Philosophy?of?Sport?(in?Greek),?Telethrion?Athens,?1996 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The prevalence of the Community law over the regulations of the sporting institutions S. 156-159

„… J.,?European?Law:?two?Swimmers?Drown?the?“Sporting?Exception”,? in? The? International? Sports? Law? Journal,? p.? 118.? See? also?Zen-Ruffinen P./Schweitzer P …” „… ?did?not?directly?deal?with?the?matter?of?the?validity?of?the?sports?lawrules?despite?the?fact?that?the?regulations?of?the?Union?Cycliste?International?(UCI)were?submitted?for?scrutiny?in?the?ECJ.?More?specifically,?the?question?posed?tothe?ECJ?was?whether?the?provisions?of?the?EC?Treaty?(articles?12,?39,?49 …” „… ? laid?down?by?the?Union?CyclisteInternational?(UCI)?according?to?which?the?stayed?and?the?pacemaker?taking?partin?an?international?competition?have?to?be?of?the?same?nationality.?It?was?pointedout-?as?already?mentioned?above-?that?sport?is?subject?to?EU?law?as?long?as?it?constitutes? an?economic? activity.?More? specifically,? according? to? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova ICAS S. 96-97

„… ?arbitration?court.?The?Swiss?Federal?Court?rejected?the?appeal?and?ruledthat?CAS?was?a?true?court?of?arbitration.?However,?it?stated?that?there?might?be?anissue?when?the?IOC?was?a?party?since?it?was?able?to?modify?the?CAS?statutes.?Forthis?reason?in?June?1993?the?IOC?decided?to?establish?a?Supreme?Council?for?International …” „… ?Arbitration? for?Sports?(ICAS),?whose?aim?was? to? render?CAS?completely?independent?of?the?IOC.151 …” „… D.,?Sports?Law-?A?European?Dimension?(in?Greek),?Ant.Sakkoulas?Publishers,?Athens-Komotini?2003,?p.126.152 Code?of?Court?Arbitration?for?Sport?S?4 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The hosting of the Games, the regulations and the institutions S. 15-16

„… ? increasingly?economicinterest.?Also,?institutionally?they?allow?a?regulatory?composition?that?many?international?organizations?would?be?envious?of.?It?has?to?be?pointed?out?from?the?verybeginning?that?he?Community?law?never?lost?its?interest?for?the?sport …” „… R.L.,?Effects?of?events?on?nationaland?international?images,?in?H.C.?Kelman?(ed.):?International?behavior:?a?social-psychologicalanalysis.?Holt,?Rinehart???Winston,?New?York,?1965,?p.?130-187,?Wong, Glenn M.,?Essentialsof?sports?law.?Praeger,?2002,?Wise A. N./ Meyer B.S …” „… ., .?International?sports?law?and?business.Kluwer?Law?International,?1997,?Rosentraub M …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 263-264

„… ?event,?withoutpaying?sponsorship?fees?to?the?organiser?in?order?to?benefit?from?its?media?impact.The?most?significant?display?of?this?relatively?new?technique?known?as?“?ambushmarketing”?,?also?known?as?“?parasite”?or?“?guerrilla”?marketing,?was?seen?in?theOlympic?Games?and?other?major?international?competitions?such?as?the?FootballWorld?Cup.?There?are?many?terms?proposed?for?this?new?reality?on?sport …” „… , B./O’Reilly,?N.J.,?The?Olympic?brand,?ambush?marketing?and?clutter.?InternationalJournal of Sport Management and Marketing, 5(1),?78-104,?2008.569 Séguin, B. and …” „… O’Reilly,?N.J.,The?Olympic?brand,?ambush?marketing?and?clutter.?International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 5(1),?78-104.,?2008.263 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Dispute Resolution-Establishment of a separate court S. 95

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …” „… ,?T.M.C?Asser?Press,?TheHague,?2006.?Rigozzi A.,?L’arbitrage?international?en?matière?de?sport …” „… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputeseffectively,?within?the?family?of?sport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp61-83,?also?in?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.95 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Court of Arbitration for Sports (C. A. S.) S. 95

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …” „… ,?T.M.C?Asser?Press,?TheHague,?2006.?Rigozzi A.,?L’arbitrage?international?en?matière?de?sport …” „… I.,?An?International?forum?of?settling?disputeseffectively,?within?the?family?of?sport,?in?Entertainment?and?Sports?Law?Journal,?Vol.2,?No.2,?Summer?2003,?pp61-83,?also?in?http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj.95 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sponsorship S. 264-266

„… ,?JagodicT.,?Sports?Law?and?special?contract?forms,?Sponsorship?Agreement?as?a?formal?legal?instrument?of?modern?sport,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?Pandektis?(ISLR/Pandektis,Vol.7:1-2,?2007).265 …” „… , B./O’Reilly,?N.J.,?The?Olympic?brand,?ambush?marketing?and?clutter.?InternationalJournal?of?Sport?Management?and?Marketing,?5(1.).580 Colantoni,?op?cit.581 Wei L./Kretschmer …” „… M.,?Ambush?Marketing:A?study?of?legal?responses,?in?InternationalSports?Law?Review?(ISLR/Pandektis,?Vol?5:3,?2004).266 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The importance of sporting events for the international procedures S. 16-17

„… R.L.,?Effects?of?events?on?nationaland?international?images,?in?H.C.?Kelman?(ed.):?International?behavior:?a?social-psychologicalanalysis.?Holt,?Rinehart???Winston,?New?York,?1965,?p.?130-187,?Wong, Glenn M.,?Essentialsof?sports?law.?Praeger,?2002,?Wise A. N./ Meyer B.S …” „… ., .?International?sports?law?and?business.Kluwer?Law?International,?1997,?Rosentraub M …” „… The importance of sporting events for the international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The limits to the autonomy of the Olympic organization S. 183-185

„… ?organizations?and?control?it.Likewise,?various?international?organizations?refer?to?the?sports?phenomenon?andestablish?rules?that?govern?it,?thus?restricting?its?autonomy?and?demonstrating?thewill?of?the?members?of?these?organizations?not?to?leave?sports …” „… ?the?EuropeanSports?Charter,?which?bears?many?resemblances?to?the?Olympic?Charter.?On?thesame?day?the?Committee?of?Ministers?adopted?the?Code?of?Sports …” „… ?Ethics?–?FairPlay,?including?definitions?of?ethical?principles?as?well?as?a?definition?of?pair?play.The?Council?of?Europe?takes?active?part?in?the?protection?and?development?ofsport?and?recently,?during?the?9th?Conference?of?European?Ministers?responsiblefor?Sport?‘A?Clean?and?Healthy?Sport?for?the?3 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violence and misbehaviour at sport events S. 66

„… ? introduce?constitutionalprovisions?for?sport?and?greatly?interfere?to?its?exercise.?By?various?statutes/lawsthey?try?to?slip?into?the?action?of?sport?clubs?and?control?their?action.?At?the?sametime,?there?are? international?organizations? that?make?a?reference? to …” „… nsidered?to?have?thesame?objective?as?the?community?law.?It?always?has?though?an?institutional?particularity?which?should?be?highlighted?and?carefully?approached.Violence and misbehaviour at sport eventsViolence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe …” „… reates?a?Wider?Treaty?about?sport.?Mr?Terry?Davis,?General?Secretary?of?the?Councilof?Europe,?chaired?in?the?first?session?of?the?EPAS?statuary?committee?in?Strasbourgon?18?June?2007.The?whole?Council?of?Europe?activity?can?lead?to?the?conclusion?that?the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The revival, the Olympic Truce Foundation, the UN contribution and the EU attitude S. 127-130

„… s?there?was?no?material?form?of?the?truce.?Onthe?contrary,?sport,?instead?of?affecting?in?a?positive?way?the?international?affairs,it?was?negatively?affected?by?the?conflicts?in?the?international …” „… ?there?was?a?resolution?inUN?about?the?existence?of?the?truce.?The?General?Assembly?of?UN?asked?the?member-states?to?respect?the?Olympic?truce?and?to?try?to?settle?their?disputes?in?a?peacefulway.? The? year? 1994? was? proclaimed? the? International? Year? of? Sport? and …” „… J.A.R.,?International?Sports?Law,?Transnational?Publishers,?New?York?1988.265 Giannaki/Giannakis,?op?cit.266 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Role of NATO S. 70-71

„… ?organizations?tried?to?take?advantage?of?this?great?promotion.UNESCO,?for?instance?has?had?a?great?involvement?in?the?sporting?field.?Recentlyit?adopted?in?Paris?in?2005?the?International?Convention?against?Doping?in?sport.Also,?much?earlier,?in?1978 …” „… ?it?created?the?International?Treaty?against?apartheidin?sport.?Its?greater?contribution?though?was?in?the?field?of?the?effort?of?the?revivalof?the?Olympic?Truce.81 …” „… Beyond?the?symbolisms,?though,?the?regulation?of?the?truce?acquires?an?important?sense/meaning?when?the?Olympic?phenomenon?is?accompanied?by?securityregulations?like?the?Games?of?Athens.Many?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law and 2004 Olympic Games S. 178-181

„… ?rules?established?by?private?organizations,?it?can?be?noted?that?the?Courtaccepts?them,?in?so?far?as?they?do?not?restrict?the?Treaty?provisions?and?keep?toissues?bearing?on?the?activity?of?sports?associations.?At?the?same?time,?the?Courtinsists?upon?the?primacy?of?Community?law?against?any?kind?of?rules?or?practicesof?national?or?international?federations?or?associations?governed?by?private?law.The?more?recent?judgments?make?reference?to?the?Bosman?ruling?as?well?as?to?thedeclaration?no.?29 …” „… democracy,?as?long?as?it?claims?to?be?a?participial?one,?can?do?nothing?but?attachemphasis?on?the?sporting?phenomenon.The?European?dimension?of?sport …” „… isk.?The?Europeanparticipial?democracy?can?respond?creatively?to?this?problem,?by?combining?themutual?demands?of?the?two?poles?and?embracing?the?phenomenon?of?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London 2012 Olympics S. 50-51

„… .?In?the?framework?of?an?ideology?whichembodies?the?principles?of?the?Enlightenment?and?the?organization?through?rules,sport?as?part?of?the?international?athletic?movement?is?being?expanded/spread?systematically?and?with?the?frequency?of?every?four?years?which?follow?the?4?yearcircles?of?democracy,?promotes?its?positions?in?stadia?full?of?spectators.46 …” „… ? contemporarycharacter?of?the?matter.?Under?this?framework,?the?Olympics?acquire?a?particularinterest?as?an?organization?subject?to?the?EC?law?in?so?far?as?the?community?law?isgetting?involved?in?relations?which?are?of?the?international?sport?community?interestbut? also? of? connected? to? sport? financial? interest.? The? organization? of? the …” „… Olympic?Games?in?a?free?and?Democratic?Country)?and?the?International?Amnestywill?insist?on?pointing?out?the?need?for?human?rights?and?their?violations.47The London 2012 OlympicsOn?the?27th?of?July?1012 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International respond S. 135-137

„… doping.?So,?a?draconian?legislation?has?been?taken?into?action?in?order?to?abolishdoping?methods?at?a?national,?international …” „… tivity,?while?they?are?said?to?eat?lamb?testicles?(?a?kind?of?contemporarytestosterone)?to?enhance?their?capacity.?Inca?Slaves?were,?also,?considered?to?workbetter?after?chewing?coca?leaves.?In?modern?sport?history?doping?was?first?mentioned?in?the?Olympic?Games?of?Sent?Louis?in?1904 …” „… he?recent?one?of?Marion?Jones.?So,?society?could?do?nothing?but?tryto?face?this?problem?in?an?effective?way?in?order?to?eliminate?it.?The?only?way?wasa?draconian?legislation.The International …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova List of Key Abbreviations S. 13-14

„… Association?of?Summer?Olympic?International?FederationsAIOWF Association?of?International?Winter?Sports …” „… ?FederationsARISF Association?of?the?IOC?Recognized?International?Sports?FederationsCAS Court?of?Arbitration?for?SportCOE Council?of?EuropeECRI …” „… ?de?NatationIAAF International?Association?of?Athletics?FederationsIASL International?Association?of?Sports?LawIFA Irish?Football?Association?(Belfast)IOC …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Nairobi Treaty S. 262-263

„… ?event,?withoutpaying?sponsorship?fees?to?the?organiser?in?order?to?benefit?from?its?media?impact.The?most?significant?display?of?this?relatively?new?technique?known?as?“?ambushmarketing”?,?also?known?as?“?parasite”?or?“?guerrilla”?marketing,?was?seen?in?theOlympic?Games?and?other?major?international?competitions?such?as?the?FootballWorld?Cup.?There?are?many?terms?proposed?for?this?new?reality?on?sport …” „… , B./O’Reilly,?N.J.,?The?Olympic?brand,?ambush?marketing?and?clutter.?InternationalJournal of Sport Management and Marketing, 5(1),?78-104,?2008.569 Séguin, B. and …” „… O’Reilly,?N.J.,The?Olympic?brand,?ambush?marketing?and?clutter.?International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 5(1),?78-104.,?2008.263 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Freedom of the athlete’s establishment S. 191-193

„… icial?competence?or?legal?basis?on?sport,these?two?sectors?of?policy?are?closely?linked.?Both?sport?and?mass?media?have?asocial?and?cultural?role?and?contribute?a?source?of?entertainment?and?communicationat?both?a?national?and?international?level.Furthermore,?both?sport …” „… ?EC?ofcertain?regulations?adopted?by?the?International …” „… laimants’?appeal.The?ECJ,?judging?on?appeal,?even?if?ended?up?with?the?same?result,?proceededto?a?direct?application?of?the?EC?competition?rules?to?sport.?It?stated?that?the?dopingrules?are?subject?to?the?EC?law,?yet?they?do?not?constitute?a?restriction?of?competitionincompatible?with?the?Common?Market,?within?the?meaning?of?Art. 81 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Olympic Committee (IOC) S. 85-87

„… ., Le?sport?et?la?loi,?JurisAssociations,?Paris,?2004,?p.39.116 www.olympic.org/uk/organization/missions/athletes_uk.asp.86The International …” „… eir?regime?in?the?framework?of?the?volition?of?the?Olympic?Movement.?The?Olympic?Games?undertake?according?to?the?Olympic?Charter?a?role?ofsocial?reformer?through?the?freedom?of?contracts.The International Olympic Committee …” „… (IOC)The?International?Olympic?Committee?was?founded?in?Paris?with?having?a?legalpersonality,?on?the?23rd?June?1894?and?its?headquarters?was?transferred?in?Lausannein?1921.114 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The protection of the environment S. 113-114

„… rd?International?Conference?of?the?IOC?on?sport?and?the?environment,221 Nolte …” „… M.,?Sport?und?Recht,?Ein?Lehrbuch?zum?internationalen,?europäischen?und?deutschenSportrecht,?Hofmann,?Schondorf?2004,?p.172.222 About?the?declaration?of?the?23/10/199 …” „… uld?highlight?the?principle?which?establishes?a?human?right?to?sport,?the?principle?of?tolerance?or?the?one?of?the?sustainable?development?and?the?principle?of?fair?play.Is sport a human right?In?particular,?as?regards?the?right?to?sport,?the?paragraph?4 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The constructed body of the athlete S. 34-35

„… ?excess).?This?issue?is?quite?severe?taking?into?account?that?theconstructed?bodies?constitute?quite?often?originals?which?are?promoted?by?the?internet?and?the?mass?media?at?an?international?level.3535 Mihalich J. C.,?Sports?and?Athletics:?Philosophy?in?Action? ,?Littlefield?Adams,?Totowa,1982 …” „… ? international?organizationbegan.?Olympic?Games?for?athletes?with?disabilities?were?first?organized?in?Romein?1960,?the?Games?that?are?now?called?Paraolympic?Games.?In?Montreal?1976 …” „… body?The?existence?of?so?many?constructed?bodies?in?our?contemporary?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ambush Marketing S. 263

„… ?event,?withoutpaying?sponsorship?fees?to?the?organiser?in?order?to?benefit?from?its?media?impact.The?most?significant?display?of?this?relatively?new?technique?known?as?“?ambushmarketing”?,?also?known?as?“?parasite”?or?“?guerrilla”?marketing,?was?seen?in?theOlympic?Games?and?other?major?international?competitions?such?as?the?FootballWorld?Cup.?There?are?many?terms?proposed?for?this?new?reality?on?sport …” „… , B./O’Reilly,?N.J.,?The?Olympic?brand,?ambush?marketing?and?clutter.?InternationalJournal of Sport Management and Marketing, 5(1),?78-104,?2008.569 Séguin, B. and …” „… O’Reilly,?N.J.,The?Olympic?brand,?ambush?marketing?and?clutter.?International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 5(1),?78-104.,?2008.263 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The evolution of the community provisions on sport S. 169-170

„… ?Concretely,?the?Community's?involvement?in?the?field?of?sport?remainedmainly?limited?to?the?funding?of?international?sporting?competitions?like?the?European?Sailing?Regatta?or?the?Tour?de?l'Avenir?in?cycling.?After?the?adoption?of?theSingle?European?Act?in …” „… also?a?legal?interest,?since?via?the?prevalence?of?the?EC?law?it?dynamically?entersthe?conversation?about?the?relation?among?the?rules?which?govern?sport?and?supportsthe?prevalence?of?the?EC?law.Indeed,?sport …” „… t?self-evident.?It?is?worth?mentioning?the?wholeway,?from?the?first?sources?and?structures?that?were?developed?until?the?recent?WhitePaper?on?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympics and Broadcasting S. 282-283

„… ?Winter?Olympic?Games.He?was?not?right,?though.IOC?went?from?amateur?run?sport?organization?to?multibillion?dollar?international …” „… M.,?Team?Sport?and?collectiveselling?of?TV?rights:?The?Netherlands?and?European?Law?aspects,?in?International?SportsLaw?Journal?2004.623 UNESCO?Constitutional?Charter,?article?8,?Panagiotopoulos D./ Kourogeni …” „… Indeed,?the?television?has?introduced?to?the?area?of?the?Games?to?the?extent?thatit?has?led?to?amendments?in?certain?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The gradual entrance of sport in the EC Treaty S. 170-171

„… ?Concretely,?the?Community's?involvement?in?the?field?of?sport?remainedmainly?limited?to?the?funding?of?international?sporting?competitions?like?the?European?Sailing?Regatta?or?the?Tour?de?l'Avenir?in?cycling.?After?the?adoption?of?theSingle?European?Act?in?1986 …” „… ,?Community?interest?in?sport?moved?onto?a?broadersocial,?educational?and?cultural?plane?and?the?first?pleas?for?the?development?of?aEuropean?sports?policy?emerged.389?This?growing?interest?in?sport …” „… ?resulted?in?official?recognition?of?sport?at?institutional?level?in?the?EU.?390Eversince,?many?European?porgrams?on?sport?were?carried?out.?From?1995?until1998 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community interest in sport and the formation of a European participial democracy S. 168-169

„… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …” „… of?sport …” „… ?as?well?as?the?need?for?its?notional?definition.?Besides,?this?choice?of?theWhite?Paper?contributes?to?the?national?unity?of?the?approach?and?the?eliminationof?different?approaches.?Also,?it?expresses?volition?of?the?gradual?formation?of?aEuropean?concept?of?sport.Sport and EU …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Para-Olympic Games and the handicapped body S. 33-34

„… ’? truce?Coubertin?conceived?the?dominant?politicalimportance?of?sport.?Its?dominant?characteristics?involve?up?to?now?the?politicalcontrol?of?sporting?clubs,?the?IOC’s?effect?on?the?international …” „… ?political?scene?andthe?interference?of?the?sporting?events?in?the?international?affairs.?Under?the?IOCinitiative?the?Action?on?Sport?for?All?Policies?was?signed?on?the?21st?of?May?2000 …” „… ensity?of?the?celebrations?of?a?sporting?victory?are?indicative.?Even?further,the?aristocratic?background?of?sport?and?Olympism?did?prevent?neither?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and EU law S. 168

„… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …” „… of?sport …” „… ?as?well?as?the?need?for?its?notional?definition.?Besides,?this?choice?of?theWhite?Paper?contributes?to?the?national?unity?of?the?approach?and?the?eliminationof?different?approaches.?Also,?it?expresses?volition?of?the?gradual?formation?of?aEuropean?concept?of?sport.Sport and EU …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community Law involvement in sport and Olympic Games S. 154-156

„… J.,?European?Law:?two?Swimmers?Drown?the?“Sporting?Exception”,? in? The? International? Sports? Law? Journal,? p.? 118.? See? also?Zen-Ruffinen P./Schweitzer P …” „… The Community Law involvement in sport and Olympic …” „… GamesIn?the?Nice?Declaration?the?importance?of?sport?was?highlighted?and?the?Communitywas?asked?to?take?into?account?the?social,?educational?and?cultural?mission?of?sportin?the?exercise?of?its?policy.336The?sporting?Phenomenon?first?emerges?in?relation?to …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Competition Policy S. 187-191

„… I.,?The?New?European?Competition?Lawand?its?application?to?sports?activity,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?Pandektis?(ISRL/Pandektis,?Vol.7:1-2,?2007),?Parrish …” „… ? beconsistent?with?both?the?EC?law?and?the?special?character?of?the?sport.?A?satisfactorysolution?was? finally?found?on?the?5th?March?2001 …” „… PolicyThe?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Employment policy S. 200

„… ? to?evadecertain?flaws?in?our?society?and,?like?all?other?continents,?is?affected?by?a?numberof?disturbing?developments?which?the?decision-makers?in?European?sport,?be?theypublic?or?private,?state?or?federal,?national?or?international …” „… harassment.?In?sport …” „… ,?this?can?be?seen?in?doping?practices,?in?punishing?trainingprograms?and?in?training?methods?which?exploit?emotional?factors.• promotion?of?a?change? in?roles?and?the?removal?of?sex-related?stereotypes:sport?can?play?a?major?role? in …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and New technologies S. 202-203

„… In?view?of?the?increasingly?important?international?dimension?of?sports …” „… rder?at?sporting?events.?The?European?Commission?is?focusing?its?attention?on?specific?violence?prevention?measures,?in?particularthe?perennial?problem?of?football?hooliganism.Sport and New …” „… technologiesThanks?to?the?new?technologies,?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Human Rights and Olympic Games S. 104-106

„… J.,?The?Turn?of?the?two?centuries:?Sport?and?the?Politics?of?International?Relations,?in?Laudry F./Landry M./Yerles M.,?(eds):?Sport,?the?third?Millennium,?Sainte_foye1991,?p.42.195 …” „… ?and?the?organization?via?worded?rules,?sport,?placedwithin?the?international …” „… P.,?Human?Rights?Protection?Matters?(in?Greek),?in:?Applications?of?Public?Law,op?cit,?p.15,?Pettiti L.E.,?Droit?du?Sport?et?Convention?Europeenne?des?droits?de?l’Homme,in? International …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law, Mass Media and Sport S. 193-195

„… icial?competence?or?legal?basis?on?sport,these?two?sectors?of?policy?are?closely?linked.?Both?sport?and?mass?media?have?asocial?and?cultural?role?and?contribute?a?source?of?entertainment?and?communicationat?both?a?national?and?international?level.Furthermore,?both?sport …” „… sportIt?is?well?known?that?there?is?a?great?number?of?goods?which?are?designated?forpurely?sporting?utility.?The?question?that?has?to?be?dealt?with?at?this?point?is?whathappens?regarding?the?free?movement?of?these?goods.?At?first?sight?it?seems?to?bequite?easy?to?allege?that?the?general?provisions?about?the?internal?market?that?firstemerged?on?the?1 …” „… ?guarantee?the?free?movement?of?these?goods?aswell.Great?attention?should?be?paid?on?the?matter?of?the?free?movement?of?weaponsin?so?far?as?they?can?constitute?related?to?sport?goods.?The?Directive?91/477/ECregulates? the? acquisition? and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Charter and Human Rights S. 112-113

„… ? isconsistent,?quite?predictably,?with?the?private?nature?of?sport …” „… .?In?respect?of?the?partthat?certain?ideological?elements?are?comprised,?there?is?a?clear?similarity?to?manifests?of?ideals?and?principles.?These?principles?were?gradually?enriched?and?expanded?from?the?initially?educational?ideals?of?Coubertin?to?cultural?references?andenvironmental?purposes.Currently,?in?the?framework?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?certain?principles?are?applied,?such?as?the?sustainable?development,?tolerance,?international?piece?and?solidarity?among?states,?the?Olympic?truce,?a?vision?for?education?and?culture.220 …” „… ?Inthis?part,?it?is?quite?possible?that?the?Olympic?Charter?is?incompatible?with?fundamental?constitutional?provisions?of?states?or?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Is there an ideal body? S. 35

„… ?excess).?This?issue?is?quite?severe?taking?into?account?that?theconstructed?bodies?constitute?quite?often?originals?which?are?promoted?by?the?internet?and?the?mass?media?at?an?international?level.3535 Mihalich J. C.,?Sports?and?Athletics:?Philosophy?in?Action? ,?Littlefield?Adams,?Totowa,1982 …” „… body?The?existence?of?so?many?constructed?bodies?in?our?contemporary?sport …” „… ,?Morgan W.J. (Ed.),?Sport? and? the?Humanities:?A?Collection? of?Original?Essays …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The National Olympic Committees (NOCs) S. 87-88

„… The International Federations …” „… (IFs)Aiming?at?embracing?the?whole?athletic?phenomenon,?the?Olympic?Charter?recognizes?the?international …” „… ? independenceshould?make?sure?that?their?statutes,?practices?and?activities?are?consistent?with?theOlympic?Charter.Through? the? control? and? the? recognition? of? the? international? federations …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The challenge of the first European Olympic Games S. 51-54

„… ? contemporarycharacter?of?the?matter.?Under?this?framework,?the?Olympics?acquire?a?particularinterest?as?an?organization?subject?to?the?EC?law?in?so?far?as?the?community?law?isgetting?involved?in?relations?which?are?of?the?international?sport?community?interestbut? also? of? connected? to? sport? financial? interest.? The? organization? of? the …” „… mission?of?the?organization?to?the?EU?law?as?well?as?the?one?of?the?harmonic?coexistence?of?Europe?and?sport …” „… ?is?always?vital.?The?coexistence?of?the?EU?with?thesport?is?a?matter?that?has?bothered?intensely?both?the?theory?and?the?communityorgans.?Subsequently,?a?European?dimension?of?sport?constituters?a?matter?whichattracts?the?attention?every?time?that?a?city?of?the?EU?is?to?organize?a?major?sportingevent,?such?as?the?Olympic?Games.?The?Community?Law?as?well?as?the?case?law/jurisprudence?are?now?dealing?with?systematically?with?sport?and?after?the?Bosmanjudgement,? there? have? been?many? judgements …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bidding process and governmental support S. 233-234

„… ,?the?International?Olympic?Committee?(IOC),?after?a?technical?evaluation,?reduced?thenumber?of?cities?to?five.?London,?Madrid,?Moscow,?New?York,?and?Paris?were?nowthe?candidates?cities.By?19?November?2004 …” „… ?all?five?candidate?cities?had?submitted?their?candidatefile?to?the?International?Olympic?Committee.?The?IOC?inspection?team?visited?thefive?candidate?cities?during?February?and?March?2005.?The?Paris?bid?suffered …” „… ?political?finances.Nevertheless,?when?the?International …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova An overview S. 44-46

„… ? is?worthreminding?that?the?Olympics?are?necessarily?connected?with?a?major?social?event:sport.?This?field?has?been?lately?surrounded?with?a?great?community?interest,?to?theextent? that?we?now?speak?about?a?social …” „… ? dimension?of?sport …” „… .?Athens?hosted?forsecond?time?the?Olympic?Games?under?circumstances?of?crisis?and?criticism.?Thefirst?organization?by?Athens?was?accompanied?by?scepticism?about?the?effectiveness?of?the?revival?of?the?Games.?The?second?organization?by?Athens?is?connectedwith?various?influences?in?the?social?and?financial?life?according?to?the?EC?law?rulesin?the?framework?of?a?global?civilization?and?of?an?international?economy.An overviewAt?the?28th?Olympic?summer?games?in?Athens?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement S. 80-82

„… ividuals?regardless?of?their?origins?or?derivation.?Indeed,?it?isindicative?of?the?Olympic?Movement?the?creation?of?anonymous?heroes?in?nationaland?international?level?via?sport?and?not?bloody?wars.?The?Olympian?became?gradually?as?the?20th?century?went?b …” „… rulesA?basic?desire?of?the?creators?of?the?Olympic?Movement?was?its?institutional?autonomy.?At?that?time?the?states?had?no?interest?in?the?amateur?sport …” „… ndChapter?of?the?Olympic?Charter.?The?Olympic?Movement?is?governed?by?the?IOC,which?constitutes?its?supreme?authority.The?IOC?is?competent?to?decide?about?the?eligibly?of?being?a?member?of?theOlympic?Movement.?The?Olympic?Movement?comprises?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Federations (IFs) S. 87

„… The International Federations …” „… (IFs)Aiming?at?embracing?the?whole?athletic?phenomenon,?the?Olympic?Charter?recognizes?the?international …” „… ? independenceshould?make?sure?that?their?statutes,?practices?and?activities?are?consistent?with?theOlympic?Charter.Through? the? control? and? the? recognition? of? the? international? federations …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The historical and ideological background of the Olympic Games S. 18

„… international society and the fair play of …” „… historyCoubertin?mentions?that?“sports …” „… tal?collection?of?values,?which?beyond?their?naturalexistence?are?developing?via?the?participation?on?sport.?This?principle?comprisesthe?fundamental?values?of?the?modern?theory?of?sport?and?of?the?sport?education?ona?human?basis.4Coubertin?is?also?respons …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’ S. 218-222

„… )?has?made?reference?tothe?obligation?to?respect?the?sporting?spirit,?the?sports?traditions?and?the?OlympicIdeal,?prescribing?severe?administrative?penalties?in?case?of?contravention?thereof.445 …” „… .?It?has?been?enacteda?few?months?after?the?city?of?Athens?had?been?entrusted?with?the?Olympic?Gamesand?the?Host?City?Contract?had?been?executed?by?the?International?Olympic?Committee,?the?Municipality?of?Athens?and?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee.448444 As?provided?in?article?37 …” „… ? the?purpose,?organization,?administration,?function,?management,property,?official?status?and?disciplinary?sanctions?imposed?on?HOC?personnel,?as?well?asany?other?issue?regarding?the?function?of?the?HOC?and?of?the?International?Olympic?Academy?(IOA),?in?view?of?the?Olympic?Games?of?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Freedom of movement of goods and sport S. 193

„… icial?competence?or?legal?basis?on?sport,these?two?sectors?of?policy?are?closely?linked.?Both?sport?and?mass?media?have?asocial?and?cultural?role?and?contribute?a?source?of?entertainment?and?communicationat?both?a?national?and?international?level.Furthermore,?both?sport …” „… sportIt?is?well?known?that?there?is?a?great?number?of?goods?which?are?designated?forpurely?sporting?utility.?The?question?that?has?to?be?dealt?with?at?this?point?is?whathappens?regarding?the?free?movement?of?these?goods.?At?first?sight?it?seems?to?bequite?easy?to?allege?that?the?general?provisions?about?the?internal?market?that?firstemerged?on?the?1 …” „… ?guarantee?the?free?movement?of?these?goods?aswell.Great?attention?should?be?paid?on?the?matter?of?the?free?movement?of?weaponsin?so?far?as?they?can?constitute?related?to?sport?goods.?The?Directive?91/477/ECregulates? the? acquisition? and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Final Remarks S. 283-284

„… M.,?Team?Sport?and?collectiveselling?of?TV?rights:?The?Netherlands?and?European?Law?aspects,?in?International?SportsLaw?Journal?2004.623 UNESCO?Constitutional?Charter,?article?8,?Panagiotopoulos D./ Kourogeni …” „… ? highlighting?the?right?of?freedom?of?information?with?the?note?that?mass?media?shouldexert?a?positive?influence?on?Physical?Education?and?sports?in?the?sense?of?the?broadsocial?significance?the?humanitarian?purpose?and?the?moral?values?that?they?embrace.623 …” „… In?an?era?where?the?broadcasting?of?sport?is?being?driven?further?and?further?bypay-per-view?television,?the?question?has?to?be?asked?as?to?how?long?the?OlympicGames?can?withstand? the?pressure?on?one? of? its?fundamental? principles? that …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The commercialization of the Games and the early violations. S. 259-262

„… ? all?NationalOlympic?Committees?and?International?Sports?Federations?explaining?the?necessityof?strictly?abiding?by?an?IOC?decision?to?protect?the?symbol?against?commercialexploitation.560559 Landry,?1996.560 Reported?in?IOC?General?Session?Minutes,?Rome?1923 …” „… Cr.,?Development?of?the?Protection?of?the?Olympic?Insignia,in?International?Sports?Law?Review,?2006.562 …” „… ? international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic symbol protection and fight against ambush marketing S. 245-249

„… ,?Padley H.,?Legislative?Comment,?London?2012?five?years?and?counting,?in?International?Sports …” „… ?five?years?and?counting,?in?InternationalSports?Law?Review?2007.247the?public's?mind?an?association?with?the?Olympic?Games?or?the?Olympic?movement …” „… H.,?Legislative?Comment,?London?2012?five?years?and?counting,?in?InternationalSports?Law?Review?2007.534 Blakely …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Athens: the first European Host City in the European Territory S. 46-47

„… ance?with?the?European?Integration.?This?historical?challengeseems?to?find?its?essence?in?the?facts?which?show?the?meaning?of?the?rules?and?themeanings.?The?European?dimension?of?sport …” „… ting?democracy?is?being?testedthrough?its?institutional?opinions?and?positions.?Sport …” „… ?creates?a?system?of?institutions?and?persons?that?participate?in?the?European?reality?as?citizens?of?the?Europeancities.?Being?connected?with?the?cities?more?than?the?states,?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London Olympic Games and Para-Olympic games Act 2006 S. 234-235

„… ?President?Jacques?Chirac's?statements?before?the?vote?that??We?can'ttrust?people?[the?British]?who?have?such?bad?food.?After?Finland,?it's?the?countrywith?the?worst?food.??Two?current?members?of?the?International …” „… ? the?Athens?openingceremony?he?added?that?he?was?even?more?enthusiastic?about?the?London?hostingof?the?Games.?“I?believe?that?we?can?build?through?the?hosting?of?the?Games,?alasting?legacy,?not?just?for?our?country,?for?sport …” „… ?in?our?country?and?for?opportunitiesfor?young?people?in?sport?in?our?country,?but?also?for?the?Olympic?Movement.”Also,?Tessa?Jowell,?Secretary?of?State?for?Culture,?Media?and?Sport?mentionedthat:?«The?bid?will?be?a?huge?stimulus?for?elite?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the body and the city S. 25-26

„… first?Olympics?of?The?Unified?Europe?lead?to?a?reflection?about?the?contemporarydimension?of?the?claim?and?the?role?of?the?athlete?as?a?body?to?the?formation?of?therole?of?the?individual?in?the?international …” „… ?community.?Simultaneously?they?causedeep?skepticism?to?the?development?of?the?modern?democracy,?since?sport?is?nowa?consentory?weapon?for?the?attainment?of?policy,?authority?and?ideals.The relation between the body and the …” „… E.,?Connotations? of?Movement? in?Sport?and?Dance,?W.C.?Brown,?Iowa,?1965,Metheny …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The protection of the human rights as a major objective of the Olympic Games S. 106-108

„… ?and?the?organization?via?worded?rules,?sport,?placedwithin?the?international …” „… P.,?Human?Rights?Protection?Matters?(in?Greek),?in:?Applications?of?Public?Law,op?cit,?p.15,?Pettiti L.E.,?Droit?du?Sport?et?Convention?Europeenne?des?droits?de?l’Homme,in? International …” „… ?the?bodies?and?the?omnipotence?of?the?democratic?regime?and?the?of?the?ideology?which?stands?by?it.?At?the?same?time,?nongovernmental?organizations,?such?as?the?Olympic?Watch?(Committee?for?the?2008Olympic? Games? in? a? Free? and? Democratic? Country)202? and? the? InternationalAmnesty203 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic games of 2004 under Greek legislation S. 217-218

„… S.,?Sports?Legislation?and?Jurisprudence(In?Greek),?Athens,?2000.?S.?also?Kousoulis S. - Malatos …” „… A.,?Sports?Legislation?(In?Greek),Ant.?Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini,?2000.217the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee,444 …” „… spect?the?sporting?spirit,?the?sports?traditions?and?the?OlympicIdeal,?prescribing?severe?administrative?penalties?in?case?of?contravention?thereof.445 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Special legislation introduced by the hosting states S. 272-280

„… T.,?The?position?of?an?athlete?in?ambush?marketing,?in?International?Sports?LawReview/Pandektis,?Vol.6:3-4,?2006.607 Merchandise?Marks?Amendment?Act?2002.608 Article?5,?no.6.275competition?venues?but …” „… T.,?The?position?of?an?athlete?in?ambush?marketing,?in?International?Sports?LawReview/Pandektis,?Vol.6:3-4,?2006.611 Dore P.,?Running?around?the?Olympics,?in?Entertainment?Law?Review,?2006.277 …” „… :?five?years?and?counting,?in?InternationalSports?Law?Review?2007.279Ambush marketing legislation and freedom of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relation between the Olympic movement rules and the national/state ones and the institutional balancing of each Olympic organization S. 102-103

„… M.,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in2004,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.186 Dagtoglou …” „… . ,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in2004,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.102 …” „… “?The?ad?hoc?Division?of?the?Court?of?Arbitration?for?Sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relationship among the Olympic Movement rules and the state rules and the institutional balancing of each Olympic Organization S. 110-112

„… ?the?Gameswould?contribute?to?the?social?progress?and?the?financial?development?of?China?as?well?asto?the?improvement?of?the?human?rights?promotion.?Besides,?IOC?officials?had?made?clearthat?human?rights?in?China?should?be?improved?as?a?result?of?the?choice?of?Beijing?for?thehosting?of?the?Games.218 Nafziger J.A.R.,? International? Sports …” „… ?be?completed?quickly.?Thisreuires,?though,?permission?of?the?competent?court?for?the?reckoning?of?the?temporary?orpermanent?compensation?as?well?as?the?paying?of?reasonable?part?of?the?compensation.216 http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/7265593.stm.110 …” „… ? the?consent?as?abalancing?point?of?the?volitions?of?the?two?sides?has?its?origins?in?the?Enlightenment.Simultaneously,?the?relation?among?the?different?kind?of?rules?arises.?All?the?rules,the?sporting?ones,?the?laws,?the?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The tickets selling matter and the competition rules S. 196-198

„… rulesOne?of?the?essential?components?of?organizing?sport?events?is?the?ticketing?system.Usually?implemented?by?the?Organizing?Committees?(OC),?it?is?not?unusual?thatthese?agreements?contravene?EC?Law.424In?the?Italy?1990?World?Cup,?the?OC?entered?into?a?w …” „… AssociadosProvided?by?World?Services?Group?Ticket?Arrangements?for?Sport?Events?and?EC?LawPublished?April?20,?2006?–?Portugal.196 …” „… ?EC?-?whichinitially?only?allowed?fans?to?acquire?tickets(i)?through?a?MasterCard?credit?card;(ii)?by?payment?from?a?German?bank?account;?and/or(iii)? by? way? of? an? international? bank? transfer? requiring? additional …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the rules of the Olympic Movement on the legislation of the host country S. 211-212

„… recept?to?the?contracting?parties.This?position?complied?with?the?general?attitude?of?sports?law?and?of?the?OlympicMovement.?It?was?also?consistent?with?the?traditional?practice?of?sport …” „… ,?which?as?aphenomenon?of?associative?nature,?converses?with?and?through?the?private?law.?Therest?of?the?issues?relating?to?State?action?and?sport,?as?well?as?issues?of?public?order,security,?environment,?town?planning,?etc.?should?be?considered?as?part?of?the?constitutional?sphere?of?the?different?legal?orders.The influence of the rules of the Olympic Movement on the legislation of the …” „… ? OlympicCharter,?such?as?the?protection?of?the?Olympic?indicia,?were?vested?with?furtherbinding?legal?force?through?an?international?agreement436 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sporting Games and the theory of the Games S. 17

„… ?Those?Games?cannot?be?reallycharacterized?as?Games?of?power,?but?mainly?as?Games?of?international …” „… pluralismA?system?of?rules?which?interact?among?them?shows?the?character?of?these?relations.The?supranational?unions,?the?states,?sport,?the?unions,?the?people?are?all?taking?partin?this?system?and?through?the?required?overcome?of?the?rules,?their?application?andeffectiveness?is?tested.32 Analytically?in?http://olympicstudies.uab.es/athens2004 …” „… /eng/home.htmll?about?the?Games?ofAthens?according?to?the?research?of?the?Olympic?Studies?Center?of?Barcelona.3 Relatively,?Heila E.,?Sport?and?political?crisis,?Kathimerini,?Epta?Hmeres?16/5/2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Game with its rules-tests of legal pluralism S. 17

„… ?Those?Games?cannot?be?reallycharacterized?as?Games?of?power,?but?mainly?as?Games?of?international …” „… pluralismA?system?of?rules?which?interact?among?them?shows?the?character?of?these?relations.The?supranational?unions,?the?states,?sport,?the?unions,?the?people?are?all?taking?partin?this?system?and?through?the?required?overcome?of?the?rules,?their?application?andeffectiveness?is?tested.32 Analytically?in?http://olympicstudies.uab.es/athens2004 …” „… /eng/home.htmll?about?the?Games?ofAthens?according?to?the?research?of?the?Olympic?Studies?Center?of?Barcelona.3 Relatively,?Heila E.,?Sport?and?political?crisis,?Kathimerini,?Epta?Hmeres?16/5/2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Non-judicial protection against ambush marketing S. 280-282

„… ?Winter?Olympic?Games.He?was?not?right,?though.IOC?went?from?amateur?run?sport?organization?to?multibillion?dollar?international …” „… ? positionswhere?ambusher's?advertisements?are?not?visible?and?controlling?the?sale?of?advertising?space?(i.e.?billboards)?either?on-site?or?near?the?event.619618 Gardiner S./O'Leary J./ Welch R./ Boyes S./ Naidoo U.,?Sports?Law,?Cavendish?Publishing,?3 …” „… Indeed,?the?television?has?introduced?to?the?area?of?the?Games?to?the?extent?thatit?has?led?to?amendments?in?certain?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international agreements against doping S. 71

„… ? issue?of?asking?the?NATOassistance?in?the?2012?Games?but? they?decided?that? it?was?rather?early?for?suchdiscussions.The international …” „… dopingIt?is?not?just?NATO?that?undertakes?an?important?mission.?In?the?issue?of?doping,WADA,?by?introducing?an?international?code?and?UNESCO,?by?introducing?theInternational?Convention?against?doping?in?2005?in?Paris,?have?also?had?a?vital?role.Thus,?at?a …” „… ?level?of?international?law,?the?piece?and?security?of?the?Games?constitutes?a?mixture? of?one? ideology?and?one?grant.?After?Munich?and? the?11th …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova WADA and UNESCO against doping S. 71

„… ? issue?of?asking?the?NATOassistance?in?the?2012?Games?but? they?decided?that? it?was?rather?early?for?suchdiscussions.The international …” „… dopingIt?is?not?just?NATO?that?undertakes?an?important?mission.?In?the?issue?of?doping,WADA,?by?introducing?an?international?code?and?UNESCO,?by?introducing?theInternational?Convention?against?doping?in?2005?in?Paris,?have?also?had?a?vital?role.Thus,?at?a …” „… ?level?of?international?law,?the?piece?and?security?of?the?Games?constitutes?a?mixture? of?one? ideology?and?one?grant.?After?Munich?and? the?11th …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The importance of the truce S. 123-124

„… Velissaropoulou-Karakosta,?op?cit.252 Albanidis,?History?of?Sport?in?the?Ancient?Greek?World,?(in?Greek),?Thessaloniki?2004,pp …” „… ?the?Games.?However,?the?revival?of?the?Olympics?was?not?followed?by?the?revivalof?the?truce.?The?Olympism?is?the?goal?to?place?sport?as?the?service?of?harmoniousdevelopment?of?man,?with?a?view?to?promoting?a?peaceful?society.255?However,?thatprinciple?was …” „… ?Olympic?Charter.However,?since?the?revival?of?the?Games?there?were?many?references?to?the?needfor?peace?and?the?connection?between?sport?and?peace.?During?the?procedures?ofthe?revival?of?the?Games,?in?January?1894,?Coubertin?sends?a?circular?to?variousass …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova In 2008 the world athletic society is hosted to Beijing. The importance of the Asian continent and the human rights crisis S. 49-50

„… .?In?the?framework?of?an?ideology?whichembodies?the?principles?of?the?Enlightenment?and?the?organization?through?rules,sport?as?part?of?the?international?athletic?movement?is?being?expanded/spread?systematically?and?with?the?frequency?of?every?four?years?which?follow?the?4?yearcircles?of?democracy,?promotes?its?positions?in?stadia?full?of?spectators.46 …” „… ? table-tennis?game?between?USA?andChina?internationally?declared?that?China?constituted?a?powerful?third?party?between?USA?and?USSR,?predicting?the?evolution?of?the?international?diplomacy?during?the?Cold?Wear.?In?1952 …” „… a?score?which?was?considered?to?be?naïve?in?a?basketballfinal?between?USA?and?USSR?declared?the?triumph?of?the?western?way?of?life?inthe?medi,?despite?the?fact?that?that?result?caused?scepticism?for?the?purpose/meaningof?sport?itself.?The?bloodshed?of?1972?put?an?end?in?any?kind?of?pretext/pretencetowards?the?sporting?affairs.In?2008 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Responses to Ambush Marketing S. 270-272

„… ,? in?International?Sports?Law?Review?(IASL/Pandektis)?Vol?III,?No?1/2.271Special legislation introduced by the hosting …” „… ?In?theUK?the?law?of?trespass?could?be?resorted?to,?in?order?to?stop?ambush?marketing?asregard?activities?near?to?or?within?where?the?sport …” „… Th.,?Ambush?Marketing,?Strategies?to?avoid?it?or?combat?it,?in?D.Panagiotopoulos,?Sports?Law,?Implementation?and?the?Olympic?Games,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens,?Komotini,?p.398.595 Moss,?op?cit.596 92?D.L.R.?4th?349?(B.C.?1992).597 There?are?5 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 258-259

„… ? all?NationalOlympic?Committees?and?International?Sports?Federations?explaining?the?necessityof?strictly?abiding?by?an?IOC?decision?to?protect?the?symbol?against?commercialexploitation.560559 Landry,?1996.560 Reported?in?IOC?General?Session?Minutes,?Rome?1923 …” „… .?He?took?his?inspiration?from?the?then?symbol?of?the?Union?desSociétés?Françaises?de?Sports?Athlétiques?which?was?two?simple?interlocked?rings.The?symbol?of?interlocking?blue,?black,?red,?yellow?and?green?rings?on?a?whitebackground?was?officially?unveiled?on?50?flags?greeting?those?attending?at?the …” „… ? international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sale of Tickets S. 244-245

„… ,?Padley H.,?Legislative?Comment,?London?2012?five?years?and?counting,?in?International?Sports …” „… ? the?Olympic?and?Paralympic?marks?and?to?introduce?legislation?against?ambush?marketing,?if?Londonwon.?The?IOC's?Host?City?Contract,?signed?after?London?did?win?the?right?to?hostto?Games,?also?required?such?legislation.Even?though?the?UK?has?never?signed?the?International?Treaty?of?Nairobi,?1981 …” „… Ambush?marketing?is?commonly?defined?as?the?“?unauthorised?association?by?businesses?oftheir?names,?brands,?products?or?services?with?a?sports?event?or?competition?through?anyone?or?more?of?a?wide?range?of?marketing?activities.”.518 The?London?Olympics?Bill-Update,?Couchman/Harrington?Associates,?www.couchmanharrington.com …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The innovative Olympic Games of 1896 and 2004 S. 43-44

„… y?taking?into?account?the?role?that?the?modern?Olympicshave?in?the?modern?international?society.?On?the?other?hand,?at?the?sunrise?of?thenew?century?we?can?notice?the?first?Olympic?games?which?are?organized?in?the?EC40 For? the? official? report? of? the? Barcelona? Games? http://olympic-museum.de/o-reports/report …” „… ? is?worthreminding?that?the?Olympics?are?necessarily?connected?with?a?major?social?event:sport.?This?field?has?been?lately?surrounded?with?a?great?community?interest,?to?theextent? that?we?now?speak?about?a?social …” „… ? dimension?of?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rules of the Olympic Movement and the state rules S. 80

„… ividuals?regardless?of?their?origins?or?derivation.?Indeed,?it?isindicative?of?the?Olympic?Movement?the?creation?of?anonymous?heroes?in?nationaland?international?level?via?sport?and?not?bloody?wars.?The?Olympian?became?gradually?as?the?20th?century?went?b …” „… rulesA?basic?desire?of?the?creators?of?the?Olympic?Movement?was?its?institutional?autonomy.?At?that?time?the?states?had?no?interest?in?the?amateur?sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Truce in the modern era S. 124

„… ?the?Games.?However,?the?revival?of?the?Olympics?was?not?followed?by?the?revivalof?the?truce.?The?Olympism?is?the?goal?to?place?sport?as?the?service?of?harmoniousdevelopment?of?man,?with?a?view?to?promoting?a?peaceful?society.255?However,?thatprinciple?was …” „… ?Olympic?Charter.However,?since?the?revival?of?the?Games?there?were?many?references?to?the?needfor?peace?and?the?connection?between?sport?and?peace.?During?the?procedures?ofthe?revival?of?the?Games,?in?January?1894,?Coubertin?sends?a?circular?to?variousass …” „… ociations?in?France?and?abroad,?making?known?the?proceedings?of?an?International?Athletic?Conference.?The?most?important?part?of?this?circular?was?the?sense253 Giannakis,?op?cit.254 Giannaki/Giannakis,?op?cit.255 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and Olympic Games-the penetration of the Olympic Movement Rules in the national legal orders S. 88-90

„… ?The?contract?is?committing?for?thegovernment?of?the?organizing?state.?This?is?achieved?by?an?attached?statement?inthe? contract? by? the? responsible?minister? of? sport?matters? of? the? respective …” „… ct?of?the?sponsorship?agreements,?it?should?bementioned?that?they?are?divided?in?two?categories:?the?international?sponsors?whoare?selected?by?the?IOC?and?the?city?is?obliged?to?enter?into?a?contract?with?themand?the?national?sponsors?who?are?selected?by?the?OCOG?but?they?are?subject?tothe?IOC’s?consent.128 …” „… IOC,?Commission?on?Sport?and?Environment.?June?1999 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter and the Greek legislation S. 212-213

„… ? OlympicCharter,?such?as?the?protection?of?the?Olympic?indicia,?were?vested?with?furtherbinding?legal?force?through?an?international?agreement436 …” „… s?that?arise?from?the?Host?City?Contracts,?and?hence?those?that?bear?on?theimplementation?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?are?submitted?to?the?Court?of?Arbitrationfor?Sport …” „… e?to?that?issue.The?relation?between?private?and?public?law?was?clearly?seen?in?the?case?law?ofthe?Council?of?State?concerning?related?issues?of?sports …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2819/2000 ‘Creation of the Olympic Village 2004 SA, protection of the Olympic symbols and indicia and other provisions’ S. 224-227

„… ? thecarrying-out?of?certain?pivotal?Olympic?Works?and,?on?the?other?hand,?the?GeneralSecretariat?of?Sports,?which,?being?the?responsible?organization,?had?assumed?theconstruction,?expansion?and?modernization?of?all?the?other?sports …” „… ?Hellenic?Horse?Racing?Organization?proclaimed?an?international?invitation?totender?using?the?method?of?concession,?including,?for?reasons?of?profitability?of?thewhole?project,?the?possibility?to?exploit?after?the?conclusion?of?the?Olympic?Gamesthe?Faliron?Multi-Purpose?Complex.458These?developments?were?confirmed?a?few?months?later,?when?article?24 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 120-121

„… TruceGeneralThe?dominant?element?and?the?reason?why?Ancient?Olympics?have?gathered?admiration?worldwide?is?the?Olympic?truce.?Olympic?truce?can?be?perceived?as?anearly?form?of?international?law.During?the?ancient?Greek?history?the?civil?wars?among?cities-states?were?veryoften.?The? idea? of?peace?has?been?more? intense? in?areas? that? have? suffered …” „… nd?World?War.?Even?though?Pierde?Coubertin?had?referred?to?the?close?link?between?sport?and?peace,?even?thoughthe? Olympic? Charters?mentions? that? one? of? the? fundamental;? principles? of …” „… ? inhibited?the?conflicts?againstTrojans?and?Achilles?was?reconciled?with?Agamemnon.It?is?of?pivotal?importance,?though,?that?the?so?far?custom?was?embodied?in?awritten?form.?It?was?a?kind?of?pan-Hellenic?international?law,?which?could?be?characterized?under?the?contemporary?terminology?as?an?international?law?act.243Procedure of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic truce in effect S. 130-131

„… ?is?armoured?for?security?reasons?by?measures?and?policies?which?are?quitesimilar?to?the?ones?taken?during?war?conditions,?rather?that?sport?events,?as?states,international?organizations?and? the?NATO?itself?are?getting? involved.?From? themoment? that? the?IOC?decided? to? support? the …” „… .? Subsequently,?in?the?dictionaries?of?the?international?organization?this?term?has?graduallyemerged,?there?are?references?to?the?IOC?and?the?sporting?movement?interest,?whichexceeded?the?level?of?the?states?and?the?super-national?unions.?The?every-four-yearrenewal? of? this?claim?and? its?promotion?by …” „… ? the?mass?media?can?be?nothing?but“educational”?for?the?international?communityThe?UN?and?generally?the?international?law?aspiration?to?acquire?through?theOlympic?truce?a?certain?role?in?the?Olympic?organization?is?totally?legitimate.?Welive? in? a? period? that? nobody? casts? doubt? on? the? necessity? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Truce S. 120

„… TruceGeneralThe?dominant?element?and?the?reason?why?Ancient?Olympics?have?gathered?admiration?worldwide?is?the?Olympic?truce.?Olympic?truce?can?be?perceived?as?anearly?form?of?international?law.During?the?ancient?Greek?history?the?civil?wars?among?cities-states?were?veryoften.?The? idea? of?peace?has?been?more? intense? in?areas? that? have? suffered …” „… nd?World?War.?Even?though?Pierde?Coubertin?had?referred?to?the?close?link?between?sport?and?peace,?even?thoughthe? Olympic? Charters?mentions? that? one? of? the? fundamental;? principles? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Cassandras which were denied S. 48-49

„… ? table-tennis?game?between?USA?andChina?internationally?declared?that?China?constituted?a?powerful?third?party?between?USA?and?USSR,?predicting?the?evolution?of?the?international?diplomacy?during?the?Cold?Wear.?In?1952 …” „… a?score?which?was?considered?to?be?naïve?in?a?basketballfinal?between?USA?and?USSR?declared?the?triumph?of?the?western?way?of?life?inthe?medi,?despite?the?fact?that?that?result?caused?scepticism?for?the?purpose/meaningof?sport?itself.?The?bloodshed?of?1972?put?an?end?in?any?kind?of?pretext/pretencetowards?the?sporting?affairs.In?2008 …” „… ?the?international?role?of?China?gets?internationally?recognized.?The?Chinese?NOC?has?been?recognized?since?1922.?China?hosts?in?the?body?of?the?Asiancontinent?an?event?which …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games and the city: the Barcelona mythe S. 42-43

„… ? beenachieved?had?the?Organizing?Committee?activated?its?investments?in?sports?venuesrather?than?handing?them?over?without?receiving?anything?in?return38 …” „… y?taking?into?account?the?role?that?the?modern?Olympicshave?in?the?modern?international?society.?On?the?other?hand,?at?the?sunrise?of?thenew?century?we?can?notice?the?first?Olympic?games?which?are?organized?in?the?EC40 For? the? official? report? of? the? Barcelona? Games? http://olympic-museum.de/o-reports/report …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Amendment of the Chinese Constitution in 2004- 3 years after the amendment of the Greek one S. 108-110

„… ? Report? of? the? International? Amnesty,? during? the? preparation? of …” „… ?be?completed?quickly.?Thisreuires,?though,?permission?of?the?competent?court?for?the?reckoning?of?the?temporary?orpermanent?compensation?as?well?as?the?paying?of?reasonable?part?of?the?compensation.216 http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/7265593.stm.110 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The first Olympic Games S. 36-39

„… ?declared?the?poverty?of?the?country?and?the?International …” „… d?the?Games?having?eliminated?apartheid.Baseball,?a?demonstration?sport?in?earlier?Games,?was?added?to?the?Olympic?roster.36 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233499

Leonie Franziska Axer - Beweisanforderungen in der internationalen Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit vor dem Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)

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Leonie Franziska Axer

Beweisanforderungen in der internationalen Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit vor dem Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)

Reihe: Schriften zum Sportrecht

Band 54 2021

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Literaturverzeichnis S. 381-399

„… . Balthasar, Alexander/Cornu, Pierre (Hrsg.), Internationaler Sport, Wien 2015. Bar, Christian von/Mankowski …” „… internationalen Schiedsverfahren, 2001). Beloff, Michael/Netzle, Stephan, The Court of Arbitration of Sport, in …” „… (Hrsg.), International Sports Law and Jurisprudence of the CAS, Bern 2014. Berninger, Anja, Die …”

B. Einführung in die Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit S. 30-63

„… Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit: Der Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) Auf internationaler Ebene besteht der Court of …” „… Arbitration for Sport, 1984 - 2004, 2006, 35. I. Internationale Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit 35 ICAS selbst …” „… internationalen Sportbegriff des SportsAccord Vorrang zu gewähren. E-Sport ist ebenfalls als Sport anzusehen. Für …”

C. Anwendbares Verfahrensrecht S. 64-91

„… Rigozzi, L'arbitrage international en matière de sport, 2005, S. 214; Noth, in: Arroyo (Hrsg …” „… http://www.lausanne.ch/de/thematiques/sport-et-olympisme/lausanne-capi tale-olympique/federations-sportives-internationales.html (04.06.2018). Im Kanton Waadt residieren …” „… der CAS als praktisch ausschließliches Schiedsgericht im internationalen Sport etabliert, indem …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-26

„… Internationale Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit: Der Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) I. 31 Eckpfeiler seiner …” „… internationale Schiedsverfahren3. 113 CAS RegelwerkeE. 115 Code of Sports-related Arbitration (CAS Code)I. 115 …” „… Historie1. 32 Struktur2. 34 International Counsil for Arbitration for Sport (ICAS) a) 34 Court of …”

F. Anti-Doping S. 156-214

„… . Anti-Doping 180 Internationale Regularien Im Zusammenhang mit Anti-Doping im internationalen Sport ist neben …” „… & Maxwell's International Sports Law Review 19 (2019), 11, 13. III. Internationale Regularien 189 …” „… Sports Law Review 19 (2019), 11, 14. 778 Sethna Sweet & Maxwell's International Sports Law Review 19 …”

A. Einleitung S. 27-29

„… auch die Bedeutung von schiedsgerichtlichen Auseinandersetzungen im Sport gewachsen. In internationalen …” „… World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Der CAS bildet als internationale Sportschiedsgerichtsinstitution den …” „… sports-related disputes quickly and inexpensively. (…) The CAS, with its current structure, can undoubtedly be …”

I. Nicht-analytische Beweismittel S. 298-372

„… Developments in International Sports Law: 3rd CAS & SAV/FSA Conference Lausanne 2010, 2012, 111, der ebenfalls …” „… es den des nicht-analytischen Beweises. Diese betreffen jegliche internationale Sportschiedsverfahren …” „… nicht-analytischen Beweismitteln stattgefunden hat, bestätigt auch die Weiterentwicklung des IST (International …”

E. CAS Regelwerke S. 115-155

„… Court of Arbitration for Sport, 2015, Art. R44 CAS Code S. 327. 498 Rigozzi, L'arbitrage international …” „… , 2015, Art. R44 CAS Code S. 327. 500 Rigozzi, L'arbitrage international en matière de sport, 2005, S …” „… : Bernasconi (Hrsg.), International Sports Law and Jurisprudence of the CAS: 4th CAS & SAV/FSA conference …”

K. Fazit S. 376-380

„… revisionsähnlichen Instanz der internationalen Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit gedacht werden, welche von dem CAS …” „… auf. Die erfolgte Untersuchung der Beweisanforderungen in der internationalen …” „… nachgeschalteten International Standards und Guidelines. Die bei bestimmten Artikeln des WADC zu beachtenden …”

G. Analytische Beweismittel S. 215-288

„… (MAR) und B., Schiedsspruch vom 19.11.2003; CAS 2001/A/343 Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) gegen H …” „… (International Air Transport Association), um Lecks während des Lufttransportes zu verhindern, Art. 6.3.4 lit. j …” „… ist, unabhängig davon, ob sie eine ADO (zum Beispiel ein Internationales Olympisches Komitee oder eine …”

J. Unrechtmäßige oder illegal erworbene Beweise S. 373-375

„… , Volume I, 2018, Art. 184 IPRG Rn. 18; Rigozzi/Quinn, in: Bernasconi (Hrsg.), International Sports Law and …” „… II, 22018, Art. R44 CAS Code Rn. 32; Rigozzi/Quinn, in: Bernasconi (Hrsg.), International Sports Law …” „… .), International Sports Law and Jurisprudence of the CAS: 4th CAS & SAV/FSA conference Lausanne 2012, 2014, 43 und …”

H. WADA Intelligence & Investigations Policy S. 289-297

„… lit. a) S. 2 I&I und in Einklang mit Art. 14.6 WADC und insbesondere dem International Standard on the …” „… Ermittlungsgrundsätze auf, die es zu beachten gilt. Die Ermittlungsabteilung hat den WADC, die Internationalen Standards …” „… , international anerkannten Best Practices sowie investigative und rechtliche Prinzipien gemäß Art. 4 S. 1 I&I zu …”

D. Der Beweis im schweizerischen Zivilprozessrecht S. 92-114

„… Der Beweis im schweizerischen Zivilprozessrecht Diese auf „Sport“ ausgerichteten Schiedsgerichte …” „… erfolgreiche Kodifikation hat bereits 1987 mit dem Bundesgesetz über das internationale Privatrecht (IPRG …” „… ) stattgefunden.349 Nach seinem Artikel eins Satz eins regelt das IPRG im internationalen Verhältnis die …”

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