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Friedhelm Hufen - Verfassungen - Zwischen Recht und Politik

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Friedhelm Hufen (ed.)

Verfassungen - Zwischen Recht und Politik

2008

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Lidija R. Basta Fleiner The International Community and Constitution-Making S. 489-499

„… International Community and Constitution-Making1 …” „… __________________________________________________________________ Lidija R. Basta Fleiner* Lidija Basta Fleiner The International Community and Constitution-Making 1. The …” „… constitution standing as a centrepiece in such processes. From the international community encouraged …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… Lidija R. Basta Fleiner The International Community and Constitution-Making 491 Ulrich Karpen Nation …” „… Verfassungen – national in den neuen Bundesländern, international vor allem in Südafrika und im ehemaligen …” „… und Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit: Föderal, National und International Uwe Berlit Die Finanzierung der …”

Klaus Stern Kulturstaatlichkeit – ein verfassungsrechtliches Ziel S. 111-125

„… Gemeinschaftshandelns im Bereich der Kultur, in: Fédération Internationale pour le Droit Européen, Reports of the 13th …” „… .); Chr. Tomuschat, in: Fédération Internationale pour le Droit Européen (Hrsg.), Reports of the 13th …” „… Community Policy, 1988, S. 195 (198); Chr. Degenhart, ZUM 1992, 449 (452); C. Eiselstein, NVwZ 1989, 323 …”

Horst Dreier Integration durch Verfassung? Rudolf Smend und die Grundrechtsdemokratie S. 70-96

„… internationalen Vergleich, in: HGR I (Fn. 1), § 19 Rn. 2 ff., 12 ff. – Grundlegende Analyse zum …” „… ; Forschungen zu betreiben und wissenschaftliche Werke zu publizieren, die die scientific community mit …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845206462

Andreas Fischer-Lescano, Hans-Peter Gasser, Thilo Marauhn, Natalino Ronzitti - Frieden in Freiheit - Peace in liberty - Paix en liberté

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Andreas Fischer-Lescano (ed.), Hans-Peter Gasser (ed.), Thilo Marauhn (ed.), Natalino Ronzitti (ed.)

Frieden in Freiheit - Peace in liberty - Paix en liberté

2008

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Hanspeter Neuhold The International Community and „Rogue States“ S. 227-248

„… The International Community and “Rogue States” Hanspeter Neuhold I. Introduction: a …” „… field that I wish to make a few remarks in this volume: attempts by the international community, acting …” „… doubt that there are members of the international community which disregard basic rules of …”

Bernd Martenczuk The External Representation of the European Union: From Fragmentation to a Single European Voice? S. 953-968

„… the Community and third countries or international organisations. This includes the negotiation of …” „… Community an International Organization?, in Festschrift für Karl Zemanek, pp. 179 et seq. (1994); Tomuschat …” „… the compliance by third countries with the international rights of the Community.10 6 Tomuschat …”

Georges Abi-Saab Whatever happened to Article 19? S. 831-850

„… international community in the making. It is thus befitting, in a Festschrift in his honour, to trace the fate …” „… towards the protection of the common interests and values of a universal international community in the …” „… protection of fundamental interests of the international community that its breach is recognized as a crime …”

Allan Rosas EU Primary Law as Substantive Law S. 969-984

„… Publishing). Rosas 958 ropean Community (hereinafter "ECT"), as well as general principles of …” „… Community law. It is the purpose of this contribution to provide a survey of some of the more important …” „… Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, Lisbon …”

Elzbieta Mikos-Skuza The International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission: An Awakening Beauty? S. 493-504

„… was also active in drawing the international community’s attention to its existence and availability …” „… international humanitarian law are properly observed.5 In theory the international community is not lacking …” „… result of such activities is that the Commission is well positioned in the international community. There …”

Rainer Hofmann International Protection of Human Rights and International Territorial Administration: A Legal Black Hole S. 135-154

„… example of such an action by the international community, gives, however, rise to questions as to whether …” „… Council-Mandated Trusteeship Administration, in: Tomuschat (Hrsg.), Kosovo and the International Community, 2002 …” „… Community, ICLQ 50 (2001), 613; Stahn, International Territorial Administration in the former Yugoslavia …”

Theodor Schweisfurth The United Nation's Peacebuilding Commission's First Year S. 309-344

„… international community are well organized to assist countries attempting to build peace, the report said …” „… attention given by the international community to postconflict recovery. The High-level Panel on Threats …” „… With the financial support of the international donor community and extensive technical and logistical …”

Christian Tomuschat Pacta sunt servanda S. 1059-1078

„… , they establish the international community as the guarantor of human rights and the rule of law at the …” „… . Tomuschat 1054 tional legal order.31 Suffice it to say that the international community is heading for …” „… , the international community rejects any “democratic” power of individual States to depart from the …”

Daniel-Erasmus Khan At the Edge of an „Inadvertent War“ – The 2007 British-Iranian Incident in the Shatt-al-Arab Annotated S. 155-168

„… and structural changes within the international community itself,14 the sovereign model of power is …” „… . However, there can be no doubt that the constitution of the international community21 attributes even …” „… Charter as Constitution of the International Community, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 36 (1998 …”

Daniel Thürer CONVIVENZA – Über ein nicht spektakuläres, aber innovatives kleines Projekt des internationalen Minderheitenschutzes S. 1211-1224

„… CONVIVENZA – Über ein nicht spektakuläres, aber innovatives kleines Projekt des internationalen …” „… nachfolgend darum, eine kleine, aber neuartige und ambitiöse Einrichtung des internationalen …” „… einem Blick auf den Hintergrund des internationalen Minderheitenschutzes sollen Idee und Konzept von …”

Heike Spieker The Conduct of Hostilities and the Protection of the Environment S. 753-780

„… binding force of these provisions, both in state practice as in academia, the international community’s …” „… Protocol I were prompted by the international community’s experience of damages to the natural environment …” „… international community. The facts that the United States is a persistent objector84 in general and that France …”

Gerhard Hafner The ECHR torn between the United Nations and the States: The Behrami and Saramati Case S. 115-134

„… International Community. The Attribution of Possible Internationally Wrongful Acts: Responsibility of NATO or …” „… status of multinational military forces acting under the auspices of international organizations the …” „… undoubtedly falls within the ambit of his interests. The growing call for accountability of international …”

Anthony Carty The Irish Government’s Neutrality, the Nuremberg Trials and After S. 375-386

„… non-members of the UN must assist the UN “as the expression of the international community. Nor can a small …” „… day, marked Private and Personal: By the terms of the International Charter under which the War …” „… international law. However, Lord Justice Lawrence did not really oppose the view of “Crimes of Peace” as …”

Bibliographie Michael Bothe S. 1265-1290

„… . • Challenging French Nuclear Tests: A Role for Legal remedies?, Review of European Community and International …” „… .), Kosovo and the International Community, Den Haag u.a. 2002, S. 217-242 (mit T. Marauhn). • Moderner …” „… . • The international community and terrorism, in: SFDI, Les nouvelles menaces contre la paix et la …”

Natalino Ronzitti The Proliferation Security Initiative and International Law S. 281-296

„… , notwithstanding the efforts of the international community. In a sense, it has been aggravated by the presence of …” „… being not only of the boarding State but of the international community as a whole, and that …” „… obligation is due or of the international community as a whole. Probably the state of necessity is the …”

Rüdiger Wolfrum The Protection of the Environment through International Courts and Tribunals S. 819-830

„… The Protection of the Environment through International Courts and Tribunals Rüdiger Wolfrum …” „… I. Introduction The beginnings of international environmental law are marked by a small number of …” „… (1957).3 Since then, international treaty law on the protection of the environment has clearly expanded …”

Dieter Kugelmann Das Verständnis von Sicherheit im Völkerrecht S. 187-198

„… and Institutions, 1995, S. 235 ff.; B. Simma, From Bilateralism to Community Interest in International …” „… (Hrsg.), Kosovo and the International Community, 2001, S. 217; C. Stahn, International Territorial …” „… internationaler Kooperation. Es ist ein Gemeinplatz, dass Entstehung und Entwicklung des Völkerrechts eng mit der …”

Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 7-12

„… Recommendations of the Secretary-General’s Redesign Panel 205 Hanspeter Neuhold The International Community …” „… 19 Patrick Daillier L’insécurité collective internationale, un concept juridique? 33 Jost Delbrück …” „… „Brauchbarkeit“ der Diskurstheorie im nationalen und internationalen Recht 51 Volker Epping Ius post bellum …”

Volker Epping Ius post bellum – Völkerrechtliche Grauzone und Flickenteppich S. 77-92

„… Council-Mandated Trusteeship Administration, in: C. Tomuschat (Hrsg.), Kosovo and the International Community …” „… Kosovo and East Timor by the international community, in: International and Comparative Law Quarterly 50 …” „… Zeugnis darüber ab, dass er einer der wenigen nicht nur national, sondern auch international anerkannten …”

Autoren der Festschrift S. 1291-1298

„… Public Law, European Community Law and International Law at the University of the Federal Armed Forces …” „… Autoren der Festschrift Abi-Saab, Georges; Honorary Professor of International Law, Graduate …” „… Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Member of the Appellate Body, WTO; (821-838) Bernhardt …”

Peter-Tobias Stoll Die CBD, genetische Ressourcen und traditionelles Wissen: Konflikt und symbolisches Recht S. 781-798

„… Community & international environmental law, 12 (2003) 1, S. 84-98. 22 Internationaler Vertrag über …” „… , particularly those in the centres of origin/diversity. These rights are vested in the International Community …” „… die immer deutlicher werdenden Bezüge zu anderen Bereichen der internationalen Beziehungen legen es …”

Peter H. Sand Japans „Forschungswalfang“ und das Washingtoner Artenschutzabkommen (CITES) S. 693-722

„… Governance”, Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 16 (2007) 45-57 (S. 52-53 …” „… ”, Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 16 (2007) 243-246; und R. Davis …” „… , “Demystifying the Relationship between CITES and the WTO”, Review of European Community and International …”

Ruth Lapidoth The legal effect of Security Council Resolution 1701 (2006) on cessation of hostilities in Lebanon S. 199-204

„… 1949 Israel-Lebanese armistice agreement4 (para. 5). The Council called on the international community …” „… a threat to international peace and security". This statement is taken from article 39 located in …” „… of hostilities" and "permanent ceasefire". 7 International Affairs, FBIS-NES-89-204, 24 October …”

Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann In Search for Justice: International Trade Law and Human Rights S. 659-666

„… In Search for Justice: International Trade Law and Human Rights Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann …” „… international law. Since our cooperation as research fellows in the Heidelberg Max Planck Institute for …” „… International and Comparative Public Law during the 1970s, Michael and I have continued cooperating in the …”

Alain Pellet Le recours à la force, le droit et la légitimité – Notes sur les problèmes posés par le principe de l’interdiction du recours à la force armée en cas de carence du Conseil de sécurité S. 261-280

„… . supra, note 26). V. M. Bothe, op. cit. note 11, p. 230, et « The International Community and Terrorism …” „… international system may indicate a certain willingness on the part of that community to brook some violation …” „… d’une 1 Michael Bothe, « Sécurité collective et équilibre de l’ordre international : de la …”

Pierre-Marie Dupuy Existe-t-il une conception européenne du droit international? S. 885-894

„… to Community Interests in International Law, R.C.A.D.I., tome 250, 1994, pp. 221-384. 26 Voir …” „… Existe-t-il une conception européenne du droit international? Pierre-Marie Dupuy Le …” „… l’existence et les limites de la vision européenne du droit international, à l’approfondissement et au …”

Stefan Kadelbach Entwicklungsvölkerrecht S. 637-648

„… Nord-Süd- Verhältnisses in die Kategorien der Lehre von den Völkerrechtssubjekten, der Internationalen …” „… für das Recht internationaler Entwicklungszusammenarbeit wurden bereits in den 40er Jahren gelegt und …” „… Case for International Economic Co- Operation, GYIL 29 (1986), 86 ff.; dies./C. Kirchner/A. Stockmeyer …”

Thilo Marauhn The Silent Thread: Explosive Remnants of War S. 205-216

„… post-conflict deaths and injuries have long failed to attract the international community’s attention. This is …” „… stopped. Even more important, the parties to a conflict – whether international or non-international – do …” „… long-term environmental effects. Pertinent treaty law and customary international law, unfortunately …”

Ulrich Beyerlin Gedanken zur ethischen Fundierung internationaler Umweltschutznormen am Beispiel des Konzepts „nachhaltige Entwicklung“ S. 591-606

„… Gedanken zur ethischen Fundierung internationaler Umweltschutznormen am Beispiel des Konzepts „nachhaltige …” „… für den Umweltschutz verantwortlichen Akteure aufgefordert, ihre nationalen und internationalen …” „… internationalen Umwelt- und Entwicklungsbeziehungen. Auch wenn aus der in Kapitel 39 der Agenda 21 von 1992 …”

Mary Ellen O’Connell Defending the Law against Preemptive Force S. 249-260

„… national policy is a long and bloody one.9 The international community only finally achieved a …” „… Iraq, or a nuclear program nearly ready to produce weapons, the international assessment of our …” „… comprehensive legal approach to the problem of force in international relations following the catastrophe of …”

Sabine von Schorlemer “Women in Progress?” The Relevance of Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) S. 1155-1170

„… to explore the opportunities and limits of international law regarding gender-related crimes. The …” „… critical perspective of the project was reflected in its title, “International Law – Turning a Blind Eye …” „… (including amnesty international, the Hague Appeal for Peace, Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and …”

Dieter Fleck Law Enforcement and the Conduct of Hostilities: Two Supplementing or Mutually Excluding Legal Paradigms? S. 403-420

„… which the obligation exists, or of the international community as a whole. 2. In any case, necessity …” „… Paradigms? Dieter Fleck∗ I. Introduction 1. The influence of international humanitarian law …” „… on military operations other than war International humanitarian law is significant today even …”

Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg Manoeuvring in Rough Waters: The UK Manual of the Law of Armed Conflict and the Law of Naval Warfare S. 439-456

„… Warfare Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg Michael Bothe has been among the first international …” „… seemed to believe that that part of international humanitarian law had become obsolete. Especially his …” „… traditional principles and the progressive development of international law. The present author has profited …”

Sabine Schlemmer-Schulte Sovereign Debt: The Argentine Bonds Case S. 985-1030

„… economic growth has continuously slowed down. Again, measures undertaken by the international community …” „… initiatives include the Millennium Development Goals, the Monterrey Consensus, the International Financial …” „… policy-makers ranging from the G-7 to the so-called “unholy trinity,” composed of the two major international …”

Andrew Waite The Definition of Waste: The Riddle of the Sands S. 799-818

„… Challenges of Environmentally Sound and Efficient Regulation of Waste: The Need for Enhanced International …” „… practice laid down by the Autonomous Community of Catalonia. The persons running those farms are not …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845209593

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Matthias Ruffert, Christian Walter

Institutionalised International Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2015

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§ 3 International Organisations within the Constitution of the International Community S. 42-67

„… CommunityLiterature:Alvarez, International Organisations as Law-makers, 2005; Aston, Sekundärgesetzgebung internationaler …” „… InternationalLawThe Constitution of the International CommunityCurrently, public international law is undergoing a …” „… international law elements identified asforming the international community’s constitution are closely linked to …”

Table of Abbreviated Citations S. 326-341

„… . ‘Personnel’International Community 61 fInternational Court of Justice(ICJ) 98, 102 ff 106, 141, 173,231, 324 ff 328, 359 …” „… the InternationalCommunity 61Racial Discrimination 526Realism 28Recognition 174Reform– Human …” „… fEuropean Economic Community(EEC) 55, 664European Free Trade Association(EFTA) 665European Public Order …”

§ 5 Legal Personality S. 86-105

„… peacekeeping, theUnited Nations are the constitutional backbone for the international community.It is therefore …” „… international community alone shall indicate its legal personality.12 This change of perspective stresses the …” „… constitutional structure of the international community, which constitutes itself above all in the fabric of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-15

„… International Organisations within the Constitutionof the International CommunityHow International Organisations …” „… Constitutionalise Public International Law ..........I. 28The Constitution of the International Community …” „… the International Community .....................................a) 33Typology of Rule-Making by …”

§ 10 Finance and Personnel S. 174-193

„… (ed.),Völkerrecht, Recht der internationalen Organisationen, Weltwirtschaftsrecht, Festschrift fürIgnaz …” „… Seidl-Hohenveldern, 1988, 173 ff.; Henrichs, ‘Das Dienstrecht der Internationalen Organisationen und Einrichtungen …” „… International Organizations of their obligations towards third parties’, 66 (I) Ann IDI (1995), 251 ff.; Hüfner …”

§ 6 The Doctrine of Powers S. 106-115

„… the international community (→ paras 210 f.).2I.1 Cf. Klabbers, Introduction, 60 f.2 On terminology …” „… International Community as aProblemAs of today, there are no fixed rules for distributing competences between …” „… personality of International Organisations (→ para 151).The international community must respect the …”

§ 12 The Institutional Organisation of International Human Rights Protection S. 236-281

„… Community’s legal order not with the aim of adding yet anotherinternational catalogue of rights to be …” „… § 12The Institutional Organisation of International Human …” „… RightsProtectionLiterature:Baderin/Ssenyonjo (eds.), International Human Rights Law: Six Decades after the UDHR andBeyond, 2010 …”

§ 1 Concept and Theory of International Organisations S. 16-31

„… organisations are not only such organisations that in fact representthe international community as a whole – at …” „… the argument of theoverall benefit for all members of the international community (in contrast to …” „… First Part:Fundamentals§ 1Concept and Theory of International OrganisationsIntroduction – About …”

§ 7 Responsibility and Liability S. 116-125

„… breaches of international law, the international community’s objectivescannot be organised within the …” „… individual States or the international community as a whole under Chapter VII to intervene by military force …” „… Community’, 50 ICLQ (2001), 613.19 Schmalenbach, Die Haftung Internationaler Organisationen, 2004, 460 ff.20 …”

§ 11 Peace and Security S. 194-235

„… International Legitimation of Forcible Humanitarian Countermeasures in the World Community?’, 10 EJIL (1999), 23 …” „… für Rudolf Bernhardt, 1995, 57 ff.; Grey, International Lawand the Use of Force, 3rd edn. 2008 …” „… ZaöRV (1993), 576 ff.In an indirect manner any form of international cooperation contributes to …”

§ 13 Economy and Development S. 282-305

„… development of States that are considered to lag behind is a core aim of the international community. The …” „… Constitutional Community’, in: Klabbers/Peters/Ulfstein (eds.),The Constitutionalisation of International Law …” „… ; Lowenfeld, International Economic Law, 2nd edn. 2008; Porrata-Doria, ‘Mercosur at Twenty: From Adolescence …”

§ 9 Organs and Decision Making S. 146-173

„… Nations, but to the international community of States.The ICJ Statute is open to all States irrespective …” „… organ ofthe whole international community of States.73 However, the role of the Court asthe principal …” „… § 9Organs and Decision MakingLiterature:Amerasinghe, The Law of the International Civil Service …”

§ 2 History of International Organisations S. 32-41

„… § 2History of International OrganisationsLiterature:Fellner, Vom Dreibund zum Völkerbund, 1994 …” „… ; Herren, Internationale Organisationen seit1865, 2009; Kolb, ‘History of International Organizations or …” „… seineVorläufer, 3 vol, 1995/1996; Mangone, A Short History of International Organization, 1954;Märker/Wagner …”

§ 4 Treaty Basis, Creation, Extinction, and Succession S. 68-85

„… international community’, 36Colum.J.Transnat’l Law (1998), 529 at 578 f.; Klein/Schmahl in Graf Vitzthum/Proelß, …” „… Second Part:General Principles and Rules of the Law of InternationalOrganisations§ 4Treaty Basis …” „… , Creation, Extinction, and SuccessionLiterature:Alvarez, ‘Constitutional interpretation in international …”

§ 8 Membership S. 126-145

„… internationalen universalenVerträgen und Organisationen, 1974, 140 ff.; Ginther/Oppermann, ‘Grundfragen der …” „… Mitgliedschaft in Internationalen Organisationen,’ 17 BerDGVR (1975); Franck, ‘Admission of aState to Membership …” „… Suspension and Expulsion of a State from an International Organization’, 25 GYIL (1982), 476 ff.; Mower …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258973

Christophe Solioz, Hannes Swoboda - Conflict and Renewal: Europe Transformed

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Christophe Solioz (ed.), Hannes Swoboda (ed.)

Conflict and Renewal: Europe Transformed

2007

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T.K. Vogel The International Community in Bosnia: Failed State Building? S. 92-99

„… 92 T.K. Vogel The International Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Failed State Building …” „… an increased willingness of the ‘international community’, under the aegis of the United Nations or …” „… constitutional crisis that would demonstrate to the international community that the current set-up was …”

Helfried Carl Thinking Inside the Box S. 99-104

„… international community is faced with the task of peace-building in post-conflict missions, the responsible …” „… should become a universal law”. Every measure of the international community should be assessed in this …” „… , the international community tends to forget that there is no absolute beginning in contemporary human …”

Bertram D. Braun The Balkan Aquarium: Crisis Prevention and Post-Crisis Stabilisation S. 83-92

„… international community did not do more to prevent this catastrophe. A recently declassified United States …” „… ., Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, Iraq, Indonesia), the international community must be all the more vigilant to …” „… backed up by a unified international community, with a readiness to deploy sufficient peacekeepers and …”

Cornelio Sommaruga Justice and Reconciliation: Condition for a Sustained Peace S. 117-121

„… as a member, firmly stated in 2001 that it is more than high time for the international community …” „… of the international community. Why indispensable? Simply because impunity for war criminals can …” „… . I hope that the international community resolves to continue to endow the Court with the full …”

Sonja Biserko Serbia: A Continued Source of Instability in the Balkans? S. 289-296

„… unwillingness to back the international community’s efforts. There are several reasons for the Serb …” „… desired, all the more so because of the international community’s concerted efforts to keep Serbia on the …” „… stemming from the fact that the international community does not treat Kosovo as solely a Serb-Albanian …”

Tihomir Loza Overcoming Fixations S. 270-278

„… make Bosniaks any more relaxed over the matter. What can the international community do to help the …” „… is far from constituting a proper political will. That’s where the international community can now …” „… become the key word for Bosnia’s politicians, their relationship with the international community in …”

Franz-Lothar Altmann Europe as a Global Partner: South East Europe as the Test Case S. 50-56

„… worrying the international community, the achievements of the Office of the High Representative (OHR) have …” „… by the EU, the International Community committed itself to a broadly based support of economic and …” „… exception of those few small enclaves mentioned above), the international arena has changed substantially …”

Milan Kučan A New View for the Balkans S. 217-224

„… Balkans that Europe and the international community can affirm the principles of a modern, democratic …” „… the international community will assent to a changing of national borders in order to align them with …” „… Europe and the international community are important. They represent the ethical foundation for …”

Manfred Nowak Is Europe Ready to Take the Lead from the United States? S. 149-156

„… international community by the European Union and the European integration process was the only realistic chance …” „… World War II also convinced the international community, led by the U.S., that the protection of human …” „… of the Cold War, a window of opportunity opened for the international community to establish a New …”

Stjepan Mesić A New Policy for South East Europe S. 213-217

„… Herzegovina, where the need for the presence of the international community still continues. The group of High …” „… which way the international community will financially and economically aid the overall progress of …” „… international community will continue to provide assistance in order to find the proper balance between the …”

Javier Solana Handling New Conflicts in a New Way S. 29-34

„… diverged. Yet this is precisely the challenge that the international community will face in conflict …” „… and an easier international community, but one ignores the evidence at one’s own peril. Wolfgang …” „… and many others. It involved a number of international organisations, from the United Nations, the …”

Christine von Kohl Kosovo is Independent from Serbia, but the Conflict is Not Resolved S. 312-314

„… The international community is about to confirm Kosovo’s independence from Serbia. This is, of course …” „… Serbia to come forward and be taken seriously as a partner of the international community. The …” „… international community should take these forces seriously and provide them a space to influence politics in a …”

Christophe Solioz Kosovo: the Moment of Truth S. 296-305

„… international community to bring a recalcitrant Belgrade to accept Kosovo’s independence has not really …” „… approaches for the Contact Group and EU countries would be that they allow the international community to …” „… March 2007, at a very sensitive moment for the International Community (IC). Russia is more and more …”

Aaron Rhodes The Challenge of Partnership, Civil Society and Human Rights S. 156-162

„… dimensions of international assistance and the work of the international community in Bosnia, but I would …” „… toward the concrete fulfilment of social and economic rights. If the international community can renew …” „… principles. I have asked colleagues in the human rights community in Bosnia about how they assessed his …”

Madeleine Albright, James C. O’Brien The Balkans: A Normal Part of Europe? S. 66-76

„… a more fundamental problem: the international community left Dayton in 1995 with no political …” „… region’s problems overwhelmed the institutions that the international community had available to it. As …” „… effective enough for EU membership. Eventually, the international community will have to develop a new …”

Vedran Dzihic Flipping the Coin: Views on Democratisation and Europeanisation S. 235-242

„… , but — as the International Commission on the Balkans puts it — “the international community has …” „… . Paying stronger attention to this dilemma, the international community and particularly the EU should …” „… International Community Peacebuilding Strategy in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Southeast European and Black Sea …”

Peter Neussl Overcome Euroskepticism S. 188-196

„… Community law, which has been described as the most striking contribution the Court has made to the …” „… 3 Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (1951), Treaty establishing the …” „… European Economic Community (1957) and Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (1957) 4 …”

Jakob Finci A Real Friend for a New Bosnia S. 25-28

„… Representative of the international community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Again, I was delighted, knowing his …” „… change in the behaviour of the international community toward ‘locals’ — and issue that is still of some …” „… , nor to focus on the obvious wrongdoings and mistakes of the international community or of Bosnian …”

Željko Komšić Time to Tackle the National Question S. 250-255

„… — called simply ‘representatives and members of the international community in Bosnia and Herzegovina …” „… Greater Serbia and Greater Croatia. I think that the international community should re- 251 ceive …” „… the international community and the evolution of the political factors in the country has resulted in …”

Zoran Pajić Witnessing Transition and State-Building in Western Balkans S. 255-261

„… . The lesson the International Community (IC) and democratic governments are still to learn is that a …” „… cooperation. The international community — including governments, international organisations, NGOs …” „… , Bosnia presented many challenges for an International Community ill-prepared to deal with this double-act …”

Gregor Kössler Regional Cooperation in South East Europe: Opportunities and Risks S. 224-229

„… that the international community is simply leaving the region on its own. Many donor countries are …” „… the region and the ‘international community’: there is still a huge need for know-how transfer …” „… the international community. While the RCC may only be a modest ‘Fico’ to start with, the experience …”

Nataša Kandić Transitional Justice in Post-Conflict Societies of Former Yugoslavia S. 121-131

„… arrest was presented as a precondition of the international community for the acceptance of the country …” „… accountability for misdeeds of the past. Given pressures from the international community, the ICTY and …” „… disclose the truth on Srebrenica, but that it did this under pressure from the international community …”

Thomas Marken The Impossible Reform? S. 261-270

„… the imposition of a comprehensive reform by the International Community. The International Community …” „… for the International Community to impose abandoning a system established by an international treaty …” „… international level, making it largely an empty shell. The situation in the Federation is not much better and …”

Elisabeth Ellison Why the UN Mandate of Independent Expert on Minority Issues Matters S. 162-168

„… International Expert on Minority Issues, the international community took surprisingly little notice of this …” „… to share with her and thus through the international community examples of best practices. Why not …” „… efforts, including to implement the international obligations entered into, will have to be made with a …”

Robert Pichler Migration and the Politics of Identity S. 229-235

„… international community has failed to offer a convincing perspective to the societies in the region.” 1 …” „… Multiculturalism One of the decisive features of the post-Cold War era is growing international …” „… attacks on 11 September 2001 had a further dramatic impact on international relations and brought about …”

Contributors S. 399-408

„… (1999-2001), High Representative of the International Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996-1997 …” „… for International and Security affairs and Associate Professor at the University of Bucharest …” „… the UN Security Council to the position of Prosecutor of the United Nations International Criminal …”

Chris Keulemans Sarajevo, 24 June 2014 S. 243-250

„… international community in Bosnia and Herzegovina’ — have been dealing with my country. Most of them were, and …” „… projects of Greater Serbia and Greater Croatia. I think that the international community should re- …” „… speech, told him more than words could say. The international media were all over him. He thinks he even …”

Žarko Papić Social Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina and EU Integration S. 369-378

„… population, defined by traditional views, the international community has changed the state, placing it in …” „… international community is expected to solve all problems, while local initiative remains paralysed, the …” „… of war, followed by a period of reconstruction and huge international support, Bosnia and …”

Tanja Ostojić Crossing Borders: Development of Different Artistic Strategies S. 279-289

„… unwillingness to back the international community’s efforts. There are several reasons for the Serb …” „… implications stemming from the fact that the international community does not treat Kosovo as solely a …” „… married in New Belgrade. With the international marriage certificate and other required documents, I …”

Paul Stubbs Revisiting Computer-mediated Anti-war Activism S. 322-331

„… a small grant from a UK University to enable me to explore the role of international humanitarian …” „… war years. As early as November 1995, an article in the first and most significant international …” „… Co-Operation in the Virtual Community: eMail and the Wars of the Yugoslav Succession”, Sociological Research …”

Gabriel Lansky Human Rights and the Fight Against Terrorism S. 131-136

„… international terrorism. This is a globally immensely relevant subject and, hence, the General Assembly of the …” „… terrorism comply with their obligations under international law, in particular human rights law, refugee …” „… law and international humanitarian law”. 3 People in the east and in the southeast of Europe feel …”

Lojze Wieser The Coexistence of Future and Past S. 183-188

„… new position for Europe and the international community. His basic principle lies in “viewing …” „… adapt existing international law to the changing geopolitical circumstances and to expand the …” „… regulative character of international relations, the U.S. are gradually taking leave from this principle …”

Goran Svilanovic Moving Beyond the Status Quo S. 305-312

„… entered the UN procedure in March 2007, at a very sensitive moment for the International Community (IC …” „… international community is about to confirm Kosovo’s independence from Serbia. This is, of course, a step …” „… party has yet come to terms, but with the burden of international misunderstanding of the events. This …”

Wolfgang Petritsch: Biography S. 387-392

„… International Community for Bosnia and Herzegovina 1999-2001 Chair of the “Succession Commission for the …” „… Head of Department for International Relations of the City of Vienna 1994-1995 Head of Department …” „… Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Tarrytown, NY October 2005 President of the International Conference “Ten Years …”

Wolfgang Petritsch: Selected Bibliography S. 392-399

„… International Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996-1997). Sonja Biserko, Chair of the Helsinki …” „… , International Organizations in Kosovo: Finding the Path trough the Maze. The UN, the OSCE, and the EU …” „… ]), pp. 9-13. “Opening Speech ”, in: Sylvia Mader (ed.), Proceedings of the International Congress …”

Jody Williams Without Political Will, Mere Words on Paper S. 146-149

„… gradual replacement of the international community by the European Union and the European integration …” „… flurry of activities in the lead-up to Nairobi. At the same time, the International Campaign to Ban …” „… the creation of the International Criminal Court; negotiations resulting in a Disability Rights …”

Brigitte Ederer Europe’s Door Must Be Opened for the Western Balkans S. 180-183

„… international community. His basic principle lies in “viewing European integration as a deliberated and …” „… between Europe and the United States: “whereas Europe tries to adapt existing international law to the …” „… changing geopolitical circumstances and to expand the regulative character of international relations, the …”

Hannes Swoboda Zoon Politikon – A Unique Leader, Right for His Time S. 22-25

„… Representative of the international community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Again, I was delighted, knowing his …” „… ‘internationals’ who, though they had worked for years in the country, somehow tended to treat ‘locals’ as …”

Carla Del Ponte Transitional Justice: The Role of the Prosecution S. 110-117

„… co-operation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and among themselves …” „… international Judges. Without a shred of doubt, the most serious and most emblematic crimes committed during the …” „… work of the ICTY (and the ICTR) has made tremendous progress in international justice since 1993 …”

Vladimir Gligorov A Kantian Idea of Sovereignty S. 196-206

„… study international relations is to answer the question whether the elimination of war is possible. The …” „… , through the introduction of the rule of law. International rule of law should be based on the protection …” „… sovereignty, the external, international, sovereignty determines the internal, constitutional, sovereignty …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Stabilisation 83 T.K. Vogel The International Community in Bosnia: Failed State Building? 92 Helfried …”

Carl Bildt Europe’s Soft Power: A Force for Change S. 76-83

„… firmly anchored in a European normative community, the same soft power which has proved to be our most …” „… as a credible actor on the international scene. If we are not able to solve the problems in our own …” „… — climate change, international terrorism, migration pressures, new infectious diseases — it is …”

Dunja Blažević What Do We Have in Common? S. 207-213

„… the international community; from humanitarian aid during the war to the great financial resources …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204376

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

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Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport: a defined Community term with international references S. 167-168

„… defined Community term with international referencesIn?the?Introduction?of?the?White?Paper?on?sport,381 …” „… It?is?clear,?therefore,?that?for?the?definition?of?this?term?the?White?Paper?adoptsthe?definition?of?the?Council?of?Europe,383?indicating?the?international?dimension380 …” „… t?this?issue,?seethe?website?of?the?British?union?of?philosophy?on?sport?http://www.britishphilosophyofsport.paisley.ac.uk/philsport.html?and?the?website?of?the?international?union?of?the?philosophy?of?sport?http://www.iaps.paisley.ac.uk/newsletter.html.?Also?see?Farantos G.,?Prefaceof?Theory-Philosophy?of?Sport?(in?Greek),?Telethrion?Athens,?1996 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The hosting of the Games, the regulations and the institutions S. 15-16

„… ? increasingly?economicinterest.?Also,?institutionally?they?allow?a?regulatory?composition?that?many?international?organizations?would?be?envious?of.?It?has?to?be?pointed?out?from?the?verybeginning?that?he?Community …” „… ,?Community?law?acquires?a?special?field?of?coexistence?and?dialogue?w …” „… ? international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Sport:?a?defined?Community?term?with?international?references 167Sport?and?EU?law 168 …” „… Chapter?8 149Community?law?and?sport 149European?law?and?Olympic?Games 152 …” „… The?importance?of?sporting?events?for?the?international?procedures 16Sporting?Games?and?the?theory?of?the?Games 17The?Game?with?its?rules-tests?of?legal?pluralism 17 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Community law and sport S. 149-152

„… Chapter?8Community law and sportSport? is? considered? to?be? the?main? social?movement? in?Europe …” „… S.,?Governance?of?Sport?:?National,?European?andInternational?Perspectives.?Sports?Law,?Cavendish,?London?2006.319 As?to?broadcasting?rights?for?games?in?the?Greek?legal?order,?s.?Skouris …” „… together?with?the?significance?that?an?Olympic?organization?acquires?in?the?light?ofthe?application?of?Community?law,?make?this?a?very?interesting?issue.320The?European?Union? demonstrates? special? concern? for? sport? during? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe position S. 66-69

„… nsidered?to?have?thesame?objective?as?the?community?law.?It?always?has?though?an?institutional?particularity?which?should?be?highlighted?and?carefully?approached.Violence and misbehaviour at sport eventsViolence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe …” „… ? international?community.?Thisseems?to?be?obvious?due?to?the?regime?of?the?Ifs?concerning?the?respective?sports.These?federations?though?are?a?part?of?the?IOC?structure?and?are?eventually?subjecthierarchically?to?its?rules.?The?international …” „… ?organizations?do?not?perceive?the?participation?as?being?crucial?to?the?creation?of?a?democratic?governance?regarding?their?organization?and?function?like?theEU.It?could?be?supposed?that?there?are?sufficient?reasons?for?increasing?the?international?community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Constitutional Treaty Draft S. 171-173

„… orting?phenomenon?was?pointed?out?again.?Also,?the?Community?was?asked?to?take?into?account?the?cultural,?social?and?educational?missionof?sport.?However,?in?respect?of?these?declarations?it?has?to?be?stated?that?despitethe?fact?that?they?definitely?have?a?political?relevance?and?have?been?always?referredto?by?the?ECJ?when?dealing?with?sporting?cases …” „… Bogaert/Vermeersch,?op?cit.171the?Constitutional?Treaty?considered?sport?as?a?self-inclusive?community?competence.394 …” „… ? theEuropean?Constitution,?as?it?is?made?clear?by?many?community?documents.395 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sporting Rules, Olympic Games and International Law S. 69-70

„… ? international?community.?Thisseems?to?be?obvious?due?to?the?regime?of?the?Ifs?concerning?the?respective?sports.These?federations?though?are?a?part?of?the?IOC?structure?and?are?eventually?subjecthierarchically?to?its?rules.?The?international …” „… ?organizations?do?not?perceive?the?participation?as?being?crucial?to?the?creation?of?a?democratic?governance?regarding?their?organization?and?function?like?theEU.It?could?be?supposed?that?there?are?sufficient?reasons?for?increasing?the?international?community …” „… International LawIt?is?gradually?noticed?that?beyond?the?European?interest?in?sport?there?is?also?anincreasing …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London 2012 Olympics S. 50-51

„… ? contemporarycharacter?of?the?matter.?Under?this?framework,?the?Olympics?acquire?a?particularinterest?as?an?organization?subject?to?the?EC?law?in?so?far?as?the?community?law?isgetting?involved?in?relations?which?are?of?the?international?sport?community?interestbut? also? of? connected? to? sport? financial? interest.? The? organization? of? the …” „… .?In?the?framework?of?an?ideology?whichembodies?the?principles?of?the?Enlightenment?and?the?organization?through?rules,sport?as?part?of?the?international?athletic?movement?is?being?expanded/spread?systematically?and?with?the?frequency?of?every?four?years?which?follow?the?4?yearcircles?of?democracy,?promotes?its?positions?in?stadia?full?of?spectators.46 …” „… Olympic?Games?in?a?free?and?Democratic?Country)?and?the?International?Amnestywill?insist?on?pointing?out?the?need?for?human?rights?and?their?violations.47The London 2012 OlympicsOn?the?27th?of?July?1012 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport as a means of expression of the freedom of association S. 57-58

„… ,?incorporating?at?the?same?time?rules?that?had?been?laid?down?by?these?associationsbefore?the?creation?of?the?Movement.?The?autonomy?of?the?Olympic?Movement?isbeing?tested?today?in?the?light?of?the?rules?that?govern?the?Community?and?internal52 Lapouble …” „… ?of?primacy?of?Community?law?and?the?principle?of?the?rule?of?law.The?present?chapter?will?deal?with?the?adventures?for?establishing?the?fair?playsystem,?as?envisioned?by?the?founders?of?Olympism59,?through?sport?and?the?freedom?to?contract.?Part?of?this?a …” „… nalysis?will?be?to?determine?the?boundaries?of?therules?of?the?Olympic?Movement?as?opposed?to?the?national?and?Community?law?ofa?European?state.?Such?is?the?case?of?Greece,?where?Athens,?the?Host?City60The end of amateur sport and the role of the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Addendum S. 165-167

„… 379?which?require?study?insight?of?the?international?and?community …” „… defined Community term with international referencesIn?the?Introduction?of?the?White?Paper?on?sport,381 …” „… Despite?the?fact?that?finally?the?ECJ?in?this?case?decided?for?sport?autonomy,?itcan?be?easily?understood?that?sporting?regulations?are?now?totally?subject?to?Community?law.?Of?course,?there?is?room?for?self-regulation.?The?EC?law?does?not?getinvolved?at? all? as? long? as? the? rules? are? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The effect of the Bosman judgment in the Olympic movement rules S. 159-163

„… ?action?in?the?field?of?sports”?The?paper?identified?sport?as?performing?an?educational,?public?health,?socail,?cultural?and?recreational?function?and?couldbe?a?key?vehicle?which?could?lead?to?the?attainment?of?these?objectives.?The?paper?advacateda?dual?approach?to?sport:?on?the?one?hand?the?integration?of?sport?into?various?communitypolicies?and?on?the?other?hand?it?ensured?the?implementation?of?Community?law.163 …” „… ? sport(clubs,?federations,?international?federations?etc.)?and?rejected?the?UEFA’s?positionthat?the?submission?of?football?to?the?EC?law?leads?to?the?attenuation?of?the?autonomy? of? the? sporting?movement.358? This? ruling? has? a? special? importance? in …” „… ? theframework?of?the?Olympic?movement?rules,?which?has?both?a?private?nature?and?aregulatory?competence.The?field?of?interference?of?community?law?in?sport?was?further?expanded?by?theKolpac?case.359?This?case?was?about?a?professional?goalkeeper?of?Slovak?n …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The end of amateur sport and the role of the IOC S. 58-59

„… legal?order?and?in?the?context?of?an?original?relation?of?collision?and?convergence,which?determines?the?boundaries?of?the?freedom?to?contract?with?relation?to?theprinciple?of?primacy?of?Community …” „… ?opposed?to?the?national?and?Community?law?ofa?European?state.?Such?is?the?case?of?Greece,?where?Athens,?the?Host?City60The end of amateur sport and the role of the …” „… ural?character,?which?was?the?case?when?sport?was?principally?amateur.?Sports?activity?has?assumed?enormous?financial?dimensions?and?constitutes?asource?of?wealth?increase?at?international?level.In?the?beginning?of?the?1980 s,?the?International?Olympic?Committee61 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova An overview S. 44-46

„… ome?sates?with?equivalentrules.?These?first?Europe?Olympic?Games?could?“depict”?to?the?international?community? this? specific? phenomenon? and? the? successful? idea? of? the? route? of …” „… ? is?worthreminding?that?the?Olympics?are?necessarily?connected?with?a?major?social?event:sport.?This?field?has?been?lately?surrounded?with?a?great?community?interest,?to?theextent? that?we?now?speak?about?a?social …” „… thens?is?connectedwith?various?influences?in?the?social?and?financial?life?according?to?the?EC?law?rulesin?the?framework?of?a?global?civilization?and?of?an?international?economy.An overviewAt?the?28th?Olympic?summer?games?in?Athens?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the rules of the Olympic Movement S. 181-182

„… issues?bearing?on?the?activity?of?sports?associations.?At?the?same?time,?the?Courtinsists?upon?the?primacy?of?Community?law?against?any?kind?of?rules?or?practicesof?national?or?international?federations?or?associations?governed?by?private?law.The?more?recent?judgments?make?reference?to?the?Bosman?ruling?as?well?as?to?thedeclaration?no.?29 …” „… ?a?free?competition?regime),?the?achievement?of?aEuropean?Olympic?organization?constitutes?a?fact?of?major?importance?for?the?international? society.?Even?though? that? it? is?a?fact? that …” „… ?admission?gives?rise?to?the?problem?of?the?bindingeffect?of?the?IOC?rules?and?the?obligations?resulting?from?the?Host?City?Contractsin?case?these?contravene?the?Treaty.?The?Host?City?Contract?would?not?be?able?tosolve?the?problem,?nor?override?Community?law.The rationalization of sports rules in the framework of Community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Freedom of the athlete’s establishment S. 191-193

„… ?EC?ofcertain?regulations?adopted?by?the?International …” „… establishmentAccording?to?the?ECJ?jurisprudence?sport?has?acquired?a?special?social?importancefor?the?Community.413?This?social?element?is?promoted?by?the?Commission,?giventhat,?as?has?been?pointed?out?since …” „… sport?and?the?total?number?of?sporting?clubs?in?the?community?reached?the?545.000 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law and 2004 Olympic Games S. 178-181

„… issues?bearing?on?the?activity?of?sports?associations.?At?the?same?time,?the?Courtinsists?upon?the?primacy?of?Community?law?against?any?kind?of?rules?or?practicesof?national?or?international?federations?or?associations?governed?by?private?law.The?more?recent?judgments?make?reference?to?the?Bosman?ruling?as?well?as?to?thedeclaration?no.?29 …” „… Europe,?which?have?to?be?taken?into?account?in?the?application?of?the?communitypolicies.?As?the?Council?underlined,?the?Community …” „… ?clear,?therefore,that?the?EC?law?can?do?nothing?but?claim?its?active?role?in?this?field?by?formulatingan?appropriate?framework?in?the?relative?market,?by?controlling?the?competitionand?by?guaranteeing?the?community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter S. 83-85

„… ion?has?assumed?all?the?features?ofan?international …” „… ?treaty.?The?Olympic?Charter?is?a?universal?text,?not?because?of?itslegal?nature?but?rather?because?of?an?extra?legal?aspect-its?moral?authority?based?onthe?social,?economic?and?sporting?significance?of?the?Olympic?Games.?It?is?bindingto?the?parties?that?it?is?addressed?to,?which?comprise?the?entire?Olympic?community(individuals,?Ifs,?NOCs.)112 …” „… ment,?the?tolerance,?the?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Bid Process S. 205-207

„… he?Greek?capital.?The?other?candidate?cities?which?were?claiming?theGames?were?Atlanta,?Belgrade,?Manchester,?Melbourne?and?Toronto.?The? finalvoting?of?the?members?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee,?took?place?at?the96 …” „… th?session?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee?in?Tokyo,?on?September?18th,1990.?At?the?final?round?Atlanta?got?51?votes?against?the?35?of?Athens.?The?dreamof?realiza …” „… ? International?Olympic?Committee?weremarked?by?great?arrogance”.426 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Athens: the first European Host City in the European Territory S. 46-47

„… ome?sates?with?equivalentrules.?These?first?Europe?Olympic?Games?could?“depict”?to?the?international?community? this? specific? phenomenon? and? the? successful? idea? of? the? route? of …” „… ?Games?causes?reasonable?doubtswhether?the?communication?with?the?community?rules?was?a?goal,?particularly?because?of?the?entire?historical?situation.?The?question?whether?the?entrusting?of?theGames? to?Athens?at? that?very?moment?and?with? the?absolute?application? of …” „… c?Games?of?Athens?making?the?community?rules,that?are?gradually?and?simultaneously?with?taking?their?form,?the?rules?of?the?Gameof?the?21st?century?for?the?Games?that?are?to?be?organized?during?this?century.43 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Competition Policy S. 187-191

„… s?the?right?to?make?the?professional?athletes?undergo?some?supplementary?measures?(ability?test?or?orientation?period).?At?the?moment,?certain?proceduresare?being?carried?out?by?the?community?aiming?at?the?integration,?the?simplificationand?the? improvement?of?the?requirements?concerning?the?recognition?of?professional?qualifications.The …” „… Commission?is?charged?with?the?duty?to?safeguard?the?respect?of?the?EC?community? law.405?Within? this? duty,? the?Commission?has?dealt?with? some …” „… I.,?The?New?European?Competition?Lawand?its?application?to?sports?activity,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?Pandektis?(ISRL/Pandektis,?Vol.7:1-2,?2007),?Parrish …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to the forming of a European perception about sports S. 65-66

„… nsidered?to?have?thesame?objective?as?the?community?law.?It?always?has?though?an?institutional?particularity?which?should?be?highlighted?and?carefully?approached.Violence and misbehaviour at sport eventsViolence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe …” „… European perception about sportsBeyond? the? community? organs? there? are?more? European? institutions …” „… ? introduce?constitutionalprovisions?for?sport?and?greatly?interfere?to?its?exercise.?By?various?statutes/lawsthey?try?to?slip?into?the?action?of?sport?clubs?and?control?their?action.?At?the?sametime,?there?are? international?organizations? that?make?a?reference? to …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The prevalence of the Community law over the regulations of the sporting institutions S. 156-159

„… ? phenomenon?by?the?national?laws?as?well?as?the?guaranteeing?of?the?fundamental?freedoms?as?regards?the?private?monopolistic?organization?of?sport.The prevalence of the Community law over the regulations of the sportinginstitutionsThe?ECJ …” „… J.,?European?Law:?two?Swimmers?Drown?the?“Sporting?Exception”,? in? The? International? Sports? Law? Journal,? p.? 118.? See? also?Zen-Ruffinen P./Schweitzer P …” „… ?did?not?directly?deal?with?the?matter?of?the?validity?of?the?sports?lawrules?despite?the?fact?that?the?regulations?of?the?Union?Cycliste?International?(UCI)were?submitted?for?scrutiny?in?the?ECJ.?More?specifically,?the?question?posed?tothe?ECJ?was?whether?the?provisions?of?the?EC?Treaty?(articles?12,?39,?49 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The evolution of the community provisions on sport S. 169-170

„… ?Concretely,?the?Community's?involvement?in?the?field?of?sport?remainedmainly?limited?to?the?funding?of?international?sporting?competitions?like?the?European?Sailing?Regatta?or?the?Tour?de?l'Avenir?in?cycling.?After?the?adoption?of?theSingle?European?Act?in …” „… ,?Community?interest?in?sport?moved?onto?a?broadersocial,?educational?and?cultural?plane?and?the?first?pleas?for?the?development?of?aEuropean?sports?policy?emerged.389 …” „… ?greatly?developedin?Europe?to?the?extent?that?we?can?now?speak?about?a?“European?dimension?ofsport’,?despite?the?fact?that?it?is?nowhere?mentioned?in?the?EC?Treaties,?nor?do?theyprovide?certain?community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and equal opportunities S. 199-200

„… principle?of?fair?play.?The?European?Commission?has,?along?with?the?International …” „… :?the?adoption?of?a?communication?«?Towards?a?Community?framework?strategy?on?gender?equality?(2001-2005 …” „… esof?sporting?practice?to?cohabit?and?its?capacity?to?host?and?organise?major?sportingevents.?Community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The gradual entrance of sport in the EC Treaty S. 170-171

„… ?Concretely,?the?Community's?involvement?in?the?field?of?sport?remainedmainly?limited?to?the?funding?of?international?sporting?competitions?like?the?European?Sailing?Regatta?or?the?Tour?de?l'Avenir?in?cycling.?After?the?adoption?of?theSingle?European?Act?in?1986 …” „… ,?Community?interest?in?sport?moved?onto?a?broadersocial,?educational?and?cultural?plane?and?the?first?pleas?for?the?development?of?aEuropean?sports?policy?emerged.389?This?growing?interest?in?sport?resulted?in?official?recognition?of?s …” „… ?many?community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Education S. 198-199

„… re?tickets(i)?through?a?MasterCard?credit?card;(ii)?by?payment?from?a?German?bank?account;?and/or(iii)? by? way? of? an? international? bank? transfer? requiring? additional …” „… ? “commontraining?policy”?for?all?Member?States,?but?acts?rather?as?a?forum?for?exchangingideas?and?best?practice.?The?Community …” „… principle?of?fair?play.?The?European?Commission?has,?along?with?the?InternationalOlympic?Committee,?supported?a?pilot?project?on?“sport,?schools?and?Olympic?values? in? Europe”? and? has? proclaimed? 2004? as? the? ?European? year? of? Educationthrough? Sport …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international constitutional framework of sports S. 64-65

„… between?national?and?international?rules?of?law.?Each?legal?order/jurisdiction?decides?about?the?power/validity?of?its?rules?based?on?its?constitutional?provisions.The?Olympic?Movement,?having?a?powerful?international …” „… ? phenomenon,which?enters?into?contracts?with?states,?international …” „… rofited?by?the?relative?object.The?try?to?prevail?is?relative?to?the?prevalence?of?the?respective?regulator?of?thecertain?activity,?which?is?powerfully?claimed?by?important?actors?in?the?international?scene.The international constitutional framework of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community interest in sport and the formation of a European participial democracy S. 168-169

„… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …” „… e?promotion?of?the?element?of?participation.?Consequently,?the?reference?to?the?“European?dimension?of?sport”?is?closelylinked?to?the?participial?character?of?democracy.The Community interest in sport and the formation of a European …” „… ?as?a?social?and?economic?phenomenon?has?lately?greatly?developedin?Europe?to?the?extent?that?we?can?now?speak?about?a?“European?dimension?ofsport’,?despite?the?fact?that?it?is?nowhere?mentioned?in?the?EC?Treaties,?nor?do?theyprovide?certain?community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The innovative Olympic Games of 1896 and 2004 S. 43-44

„… ?are?the?first?Games?whichwere?organized?by?a?member?state?of?the?European?Union?under?a?regime?of?absoluteof?application?of?the?Community …” „… y?taking?into?account?the?role?that?the?modern?Olympicshave?in?the?modern?international?society.?On?the?other?hand,?at?the?sunrise?of?thenew?century?we?can?notice?the?first?Olympic?games?which?are?organized?in?the?EC40 For? the? official? report? of? the? Barcelona? Games? http://olympic-museum.de/o-reports/report …” „… ? is?worthreminding?that?the?Olympics?are?necessarily?connected?with?a?major?social?event:sport.?This?field?has?been?lately?surrounded?with?a?great?community?interest,?to?theextent? that?we?now?speak?about?a?social …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic games of 2004 under Greek legislation S. 217-218

„… in?the?Host?City?Contract,?or?the?Olympic?Charter?and?treating?an?issue?that?bearson?State?action,?public?interest,?or?violating?Community …” „… ?and?constitutional?rules,will?not?be?deemed?binding.?Given?that?the?Olympic?Charter?incorporates?regulations?that?affect?the?Constitution?and?the?Community?law,?its?interpretation?will?bedealt?with?in?the?following?chapter.The Olympic games of 2004 under Greek legislationThe?undertaking?of?the?Olympic?Games?of?2004 …” „… .?It?has?been?enacteda?few?months?after?the?city?of?Athens?had?been?entrusted?with?the?Olympic?Gamesand?the?Host?City?Contract?had?been?executed?by?the?International?Olympic?Committee,?the?Municipality?of?Athens?and?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee.448444 As?provided?in?article?37 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova European law and Olympic Games S. 152-154

„… judgment?there?are?important?cases?having?been?held?that?prove?the?timeliness?ofthe?issue.In?this?framework?the?Olympics?acquire?a?special?interest?as?long?as?an?organization?governed?by?the?EC?law?in?so?far?as?the?EC?law?gets?involved?in?relationswhich? concern? the? international? sporting? community333? and? economic …” „… ? constitutes?anissue?which?is?posed?with?emphasis?every?time?a?major?sporting?event,?such?as?theOlympics,?takes?place?in?a?city?within?the?EU.331?Community?law?as?well?as?thejurisprudence? is? now? scrutinizing? sport? systematically? and …” „… xpansion?of?Community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The importance of sporting events for the international procedures S. 16-17

„… The importance of sporting events for the international …” „… ?promotes?in?no?uncertain?terms?the?dynamic?entrance?of?Chinain? the? international?affairs?and?its?acceptance?from? the? total?of? the …” „… h?took?place?under?the?absolute?application?of?community?law.?The?Games?ofthe?21st?century?are?not?expected?to?have?a?different?fate?from?the?Games?of?the20 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The dialectic relation between the Olympic Charter and the legal order of the Host City – The legal nature of the Olympic Charter S. 213-216

„… ules?of?international …” „… ?guarantee?should?be?treated?as?an?obligation?tointerpret?the?laws?of?that?state?in?compliance?with?the?Host?City?Contract,?providedthat?there?is?no?issue?of?public?order?or?conflict?with?the?Community …” „… dependent?fromthe?national?legal?orders?or?the?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Community Law involvement in sport and Olympic Games S. 154-156

„… The Community Law involvement in sport and Olympic …” „… t.?Ever?since,many?athletic?programs?were?carried?out?by?the?EU?and?also?a?great?participationon?various?sporting?organizations?was?noticed.?Athletic?project?of?community?dimension?(Eurathlon)?and?activities?of?the?promotion?of?sport?for?people?with?specialtalents?were? subsidized?between?1995?and?1998.?The?Community …” „… .?TheCommission?was?committed?to?follow?the?Helsinki?Report?as?regards?sport.A?vital?stage?in?respect?of?the?dealing?with?sport?at?a?community?level,?was?theAmsterdam?declaration.338 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bibliography S. 285-299

„… S.G.,?Selling?the?Five?Rings:?The?International?Olympic?Committeeand?the?Rise?of?Olympic?Commercialism?(University?of?Utah?Press,?2000).Batenson G.,?Mind?and?nature?–?A?necessary?unity,?Bantam?Books,?New?York,?1988.Beal N./Duhs …” „… M.,?The?CAS?Ad?Hoc?Division?at?the?games?of?the?XXVIII?Olympiad?in?Athens?in?2004,in?International?Sports?Law?Review?2004.Beloff …” „… M.,?Is?there?a?Lex?Sportiva,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review,?2005.Beloff M./Kerr T./ Demetriou M..,?Sports?Law,?Hart?Publishing,?Oxford-?Portland?Oregon?1999 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The contemporary exercising body S. 31-33

„… ?dimension?of?the?IOC,?which?embraces?thefive?continents.Modern?sport?is?an?international?community …” „… international?peace?movement,?of?the?rise?of?international …” „… ?humanist?organizationslike? the?Red?Cross,?of?the?visionary?Esperanto?movement,?and?the? internationalOlympic?Movement?(Hoberman?1995 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The challenge of the first European Olympic Games S. 51-54

„… ? contemporarycharacter?of?the?matter.?Under?this?framework,?the?Olympics?acquire?a?particularinterest?as?an?organization?subject?to?the?EC?law?in?so?far?as?the?community?law?isgetting?involved?in?relations?which?are?of?the?international?sport?community?interestbut? also? of? connected? to? sport? financial? interest.? The? organization? of? the …” „… .?Subsequently,?a?European?dimension?of?sport?constituters?a?matter?whichattracts?the?attention?every?time?that?a?city?of?the?EU?is?to?organize?a?major?sportingevent,?such?as?the?Olympic?Games.?The?Community?Law?as?well?as?the?case?law/jurisprudence?are?now?dealing?with?systematically?with?sport?and?after?the?Bosmanjudgement,? there? have? been?many? judgements …” „… ? firstOlympic?Games?under?a?regime?of?absolute?application?of?the?community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The revival, the Olympic Truce Foundation, the UN contribution and the EU attitude S. 127-130

„… ? the?mass?media?can?be?nothing?but“educational”?for?the?international?communityThe?UN?and?generally?the?international?law?aspiration?to?acquire?through?theOlympic?truce?a?certain?role?in?the?Olympic?organization?is?totally?legitimate.?Welive? in? a? period? that? nobody? casts? doubt? on? the? necessity? of …” „… s?there?was?no?material?form?of?the?truce.?Onthe?contrary,?sport,?instead?of?affecting?in?a?positive?way?the?international?affairs,it?was?negatively?affected?by?the?conflicts?in?the?international …” „… ?there?was?a?resolution?inUN?about?the?existence?of?the?truce.?The?General?Assembly?of?UN?asked?the?member-states?to?respect?the?Olympic?truce?and?to?try?to?settle?their?disputes?in?a?peacefulway.? The? year? 1994? was? proclaimed? the? International? Year? of? Sport? and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rationalization of the sports phenomenon in the framework of the Council of Europe S. 182-183

„… ?these?contravene?the?Treaty.?The?Host?City?Contract?would?not?be?able?tosolve?the?problem,?nor?override?Community?law.The rationalization of sports rules in the framework of Community …” „… his?particular?tendency?is?also?confirmed?by?the?Report?from?the?Commission?tothe?European?Council?with?a?view?to?safeguarding?current?sports?structures?andmaintaining?the?social?function?of?sport?within?the?Community …” „… ?framework?–?TheHelsinki?Report?on?Sport.?This?Report?sets?forth?the?need?to?rationalize?sports?lawas?well?as?the?need?for?Community?regulation?to?prevail400 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violence and misbehaviour at sport events S. 66

„… nsidered?to?have?thesame?objective?as?the?community?law.?It?always?has?though?an?institutional?particularity?which?should?be?highlighted?and?carefully?approached.Violence and misbehaviour at sport eventsViolence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe …” „… ? introduce?constitutionalprovisions?for?sport?and?greatly?interfere?to?its?exercise.?By?various?statutes/lawsthey?try?to?slip?into?the?action?of?sport?clubs?and?control?their?action.?At?the?sametime,?there?are? international?organizations? that?make?a?reference? to …” „… ? the?sportingphenomenon?and?introduce?rules?that?regulate?it,?limiting?its?autonomy?and?showingthe?desire?of?the?members?of?various?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Union S. 137-141

„… ?field?of?their?competence?(sporting?community,?states,?international …” „… ? community?mechanisms?aiming?at? the? completion? of …” „… All?this?activity?of?the?European?actors/organs?makes?clear?that?the?doping?problem?constitute?a?major?community?matter,?for?which?a?unified?and?harmonized?andcohesive?confrontation?by?the?Community?law?is?required.Beyond? this,? the?European?Commission?proceeded? in?an?announcement …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law, Mass Media and Sport S. 193-195

„… ? theCommunity,?even?if?characterize?as?sporting?goods.A?relative?problematic?category?is?the?transfer?of?horses?for?the?equestrian?events.For?this?case,?there?are?three?directives-frameworks?which?can?have?a?direct?application.?These?directives?are?about?the?sanitary?control?required?for?the?importationof?horses?(Directive?90/426 …” „… /EC),?the?zoological?and?genealogical?terms?which?areapplied?to?the?community?trade?and?a?sui?generis?“passport”?for?horses?is?introduced(Directive?90/428/EC).?In?this?case,?there …” „… icial?competence?or?legal?basis?on?sport,these?two?sectors?of?policy?are?closely?linked.?Both?sport?and?mass?media?have?asocial?and?cultural?role?and?contribute?a?source?of?entertainment?and?communicationat?both?a?national?and?international?level.Furthermore,?both?sport?and?the?mass?media?have?a?great …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic truce in effect S. 130-131

„… ? the?mass?media?can?be?nothing?but“educational”?for?the?international?communityThe?UN?and?generally?the?international?law?aspiration?to?acquire?through?theOlympic?truce?a?certain?role?in?the?Olympic?organization?is?totally?legitimate.?Welive? in? a? period? that? nobody? casts? doubt? on? the? necessity? of …” „… ?is?armoured?for?security?reasons?by?measures?and?policies?which?are?quitesimilar?to?the?ones?taken?during?war?conditions,?rather?that?sport?events,?as?states,international?organizations?and? the?NATO?itself?are?getting? involved.?From? themoment? that? the?IOC?decided? to? support? the …” „… .? Subsequently,?in?the?dictionaries?of?the?international?organization?this?term?has?graduallyemerged,?there?are?references?to?the?IOC?and?the?sporting?movement?interest,?whichexceeded?the?level?of?the?states?and?the?super-national?unions.?The?every-four-yearrenewal? of? this?claim?and? its?promotion?by …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rules S. 163-165

„… ?action?in?the?field?of?sports”?The?paper?identified?sport?as?performing?an?educational,?public?health,?socail,?cultural?and?recreational?function?and?couldbe?a?key?vehicle?which?could?lead?to?the?attainment?of?these?objectives.?The?paper?advacateda?dual?approach?to?sport:?on?the?one?hand?the?integration?of?sport?into?various?communitypolicies?and?on?the?other?hand?it?ensured?the?implementation?of?Community?law.163The?relation?among?the?Olympic?movement?rules?and?the?EC?law?was?c …” „… ? socialfunction?of?sport?within?Community …” „… ? andProspects?for?Community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Freedom of movement of goods and sport S. 193

„… ? theCommunity,?even?if?characterize?as?sporting?goods.A?relative?problematic?category?is?the?transfer?of?horses?for?the?equestrian?events.For?this?case,?there?are?three?directives-frameworks?which?can?have?a?direct?application.?These?directives?are?about?the?sanitary?control?required?for?the?importationof?horses?(Directive?90/426 …” „… /EC),?the?zoological?and?genealogical?terms?which?areapplied?to?the?community?trade?and?a?sui?generis?“passport”?for?horses?is?introduced(Directive?90/428/EC).?In?this?case,?there …” „… icial?competence?or?legal?basis?on?sport,these?two?sectors?of?policy?are?closely?linked.?Both?sport?and?mass?media?have?asocial?and?cultural?role?and?contribute?a?source?of?entertainment?and?communicationat?both?a?national?and?international?level.Furthermore,?both?sport?and?the?mass?media?have?a?great …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and External Relations S. 200-201

„… esof?sporting?practice?to?cohabit?and?its?capacity?to?host?and?organise?major?sportingevents.?Community …” „… ? to?evadecertain?flaws?in?our?society?and,?like?all?other?continents,?is?affected?by?a?numberof?disturbing?developments?which?the?decision-makers?in?European?sport,?be?theypublic?or?private,?state?or?federal,?national?or?international …” „… emphasis?and?priorities?have?been?placed?elsewhere.??This?stems?partly?from?theabsence?of?any?reference?to?sport?in?the?treaties.??Sport?as?such??is?not,?as?thingscurrently?stand,?a?Community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal order S. 207-209

„… ? itspreamble,?acknowledging?not?effortlessly?the?status?of?the?European?sports?community.The?Greek?sports?legislation?embodies?the?fundamental?principles?that?governthe? sports?phenomenon?at? international? level?and?which?focus?on? the …” „… al?reference?could?prove?it.?The?symbolisms?of?the?pictures?thatwere?shown?at?an?international?level?lead?to?the?same?conclusion.The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal orderSport430 …” „… ? followingissues:?self-determination,?limited?state?intervention,?the?international?nature?of?theorganization? of? sport?(which,?however,? starts? from? regional? level),? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement Rules: Autonomy and Pluralism. S. 55-57

„… Pluralism.The?legal?pluralism?finds?its?best?expression?in?the?field?of?sports?law.?The?relationbetween?private?and?public,?national?and?international …” „… ?sporting?clubs?bring?forward?national?federations?and?the?latest’s?from?their?side?bring?forward?international?federations.?Theinternational?federations?are?competent?to?introduce/form?specific?rules?regardingthe? respective? sport,?which? even? though? concern? various?matters,? are …” „… ? Olympicmovement?rules?could?not?avoid?being?affected?and?simultaneously?limited?by?thevarious?systems?of?rules?production?in?both?national?and?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games and the city: the Barcelona mythe S. 42-43

„… GamesThe?Games?of?Barcelona?took?place?in?Spain?without?the?absolute?application?ofthe?Community?law.?Therefore,?they?cannot?set?an?example?in?respect?of?the?EClaw?application.The Games and the city: the Barcelona mytheObtaining? good? economic? results? was,? for? the …” „… ?are?the?first?Games?whichwere?organized?by?a?member?state?of?the?European?Union?under?a?regime?of?absoluteof?application?of?the?Community …” „… y?taking?into?account?the?role?that?the?modern?Olympicshave?in?the?modern?international?society.?On?the?other?hand,?at?the?sunrise?of?thenew?century?we?can?notice?the?first?Olympic?games?which?are?organized?in?the?EC40 For? the? official? report? of? the? Barcelona? Games? http://olympic-museum.de/o-reports/report …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The human body, the international society and the fair play of history S. 18-25

„… ual?in?the?international?community.?Simultaneously?they?causedeep?skepticism?to?the?development?of?the?modern?democracy,?since?sport?is?nowa?consentory?weapon?for?the?attainment?of?policy,?authority?and?ideals.The relation between the body and the …” „… international society and the fair play of …” „… ? ihrer?Auswirkung?auf?die?Internationale?Olympische?Akademie(Vol.I),?Müller N.? (ed.)?(1986 a):?Pierre?de?Coubertin:? textes?choisis.?Vol.I?“Revélation …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’ S. 218-222

„… .?It?has?been?enacteda?few?months?after?the?city?of?Athens?had?been?entrusted?with?the?Olympic?Gamesand?the?Host?City?Contract?had?been?executed?by?the?International?Olympic?Committee,?the?Municipality?of?Athens?and?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee.448444 As?provided?in?article?37 …” „… ? the?purpose,?organization,?administration,?function,?management,property,?official?status?and?disciplinary?sanctions?imposed?on?HOC?personnel,?as?well?asany?other?issue?regarding?the?function?of?the?HOC?and?of?the?International?Olympic?Academy?(IOA),?in?view?of?the?Olympic?Games?of?2004 …” „… ? or?more?colours),?which?had?already?beeninternationally?protected?by?virtue?of?the?International?Nairobi?Treaty?of?26.9.1981,has? comes? under? the? protection? of? Law? 2239/1994? ‘on? indicia …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Employment policy S. 200

„… esof?sporting?practice?to?cohabit?and?its?capacity?to?host?and?organise?major?sportingevents.?Community …” „… ? to?evadecertain?flaws?in?our?society?and,?like?all?other?continents,?is?affected?by?a?numberof?disturbing?developments?which?the?decision-makers?in?European?sport,?be?theypublic?or?private,?state?or?federal,?national?or?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and EU law S. 168

„… lawIn?the?past,?sport?used?to?be?an?activity?which?mainly?concerned?private?individualsand?sporting?clubs.?Nowadays,?the?development?of?the?sporting?phenomenon?hasslipped?the?private?initiative/interest.?National?states?show?a?particular?interest?insport,?just?like?the?international?legal?order.384 …” „… e?promotion?of?the?element?of?participation.?Consequently,?the?reference?to?the?“European?dimension?of?sport”?is?closelylinked?to?the?participial?character?of?democracy.The Community interest in sport and the formation of a European …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport, Justice and Home affairs policy S. 201-202

„… emphasis?and?priorities?have?been?placed?elsewhere.??This?stems?partly?from?theabsence?of?any?reference?to?sport?in?the?treaties.??Sport?as?such??is?not,?as?thingscurrently?stand,?a?Community …” „… policyThe?policy?field?of?Justice?and?Home?Affairs?deals?with?the?concept?of?the?EuropeanUnion?(EU)?as?an?area?of?freedom,?security?and?justice?as?enshrined?in?the?Treatyof?Amsterdam.201In?view?of?the?increasingly?important?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and New technologies S. 202-203

„… In?view?of?the?increasingly?important?international …” „… ?history?therefore?shows?that?the?social?integration?role?of?sport?is?henceforth?acknowledged?at?the?highest?Community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the body and the city S. 25-26

„… first?Olympics?of?The?Unified?Europe?lead?to?a?reflection?about?the?contemporarydimension?of?the?claim?and?the?role?of?the?athlete?as?a?body?to?the?formation?of?therole?of?the?individual?in?the?international?community …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The tickets selling matter and the competition rules S. 196-198

„… ?EC?-?whichinitially?only?allowed?fans?to?acquire?tickets(i)?through?a?MasterCard?credit?card;(ii)?by?payment?from?a?German?bank?account;?and/or(iii)? by? way? of? an? international? bank? transfer? requiring? additional …” „… ? “commontraining?policy”?for?all?Member?States,?but?acts?rather?as?a?forum?for?exchangingideas?and?best?practice.?The?Community …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233499

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