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Peter Kindler, Jan Lieder - European Corporate Law

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Peter Kindler (ed.), Jan Lieder (ed.)

European Corporate Law

2021

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Peter Kindler Article 30 a Changes to documents and information of the company S. 171-174

„… Article 30 a Changes to documents and information of the company The Member State where a company …” „… , the Member State where a branch of the company is registered, in the event that a change has been …” „… documents and information referred to in points (d) and (f) of Article 14. Upon receipt of the notification …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 e Report of the administrative or management body for members and employees S. 757-763

„… AND DIVISIONS Art 160 e Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 757 40 41 42 43 (b) any material changes to …” „… administrative or management body of the company being divided receives an opinion on the information referred to …” „… applicable information and consultation rights and procedures provided for at national level following the …”

Index S. 1029-1055

„… accuracy of information published Intro 59 Company 30 1, 15, 35 – change in the legal form of the 34 1 …” „… – Brexit 160a 36 – cash payment 160a 19 – change-of-control clauses 160r 10 – conflict of laws 160r 7 …” „… ) pre 28a-42 19 – exchange of information between national registers 28a 15 ff. – general duty to …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 a Scope S. 731-744

„… . European Model for Structural Changes and Key Elements of Cross-Border Divisions …” „… national laws have been respected.5 II. European Model for Structural Changes and Key Elements of …” „… the so called European model for structural changes.6 It has been set out for the first time in the …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 m Pre-division certificate S. 790-796

„… submitted in accordance with Article 160g(1); and (d) information on the approval by the general meeting …” „… information, such as, in particular: (a) the number of employees at the time of the drawing up of the draft …” „… location; (c) information regarding the satisfaction of obligations due to public bodies by the company …”

Peter Kindler Introduction S. 1-65

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 3. Establishment and structural changes …” „… but rather by an act of state which also governed its internal structure; for additional information …” „… anonyme, société en commandite par actions and société par actions simplifiée; for additional information …”

Dieter Leuering Article 3 [Disclosure] S. 846-848

„… likely that information such as surname, first name, date of birth and place of residence will be …” „… required in order to meet the information needs of the public (in the sense of current and potential …” „… into effect of any change in the persons of the shareholders or the extent of their participation, to …”

Article 64 Financial assistance by a company for acquisition of its shares by a third party Jan P. Brosius S. 305-317

„… distributable reserves so as to increase flexibility with regard to changes in the ownership structure of the …” „… safe assumption based upon sufficient and reliable information regarding the recoverability financial …” „… provisions aim to provide for shareholder protection by means of information and transparency. The report …”

Article 60 Acquisition of own shares Jan P. Brosius S. 286-297

„… . 8). The information to be granted constitutes the minimum information necessary to ensure that the …” „… acquisitions effected. The provisions aim to ensure an adequate subsequent information of shareholders to …” „… shareholders in the event, particularly, of a merger, a change in the company’s object or form, transfer abroad …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 r Consequences of a cross-border division S. 802-806

„… transfer (as explicitly referred to in Art 160r(5));4 – the effect of change-of-control clauses in …” „… contract, asset or liability; – third party information consent requirements based on confidentiality, data …”

Tobias de Raet Article 124 Report of the administrative or management body for members and employees S. 625-634

„… information on any changes of collective labour matters (i.e. works councils or other employee representations …” „… information concerning the change of debtor and the information relating thereto (legal form, company name …” „… of the cross-border merger or the information referred to in Article 123(3) also be published in the …”

Tobias de Raet Article 95 Detailed written report and information on a merger S. 524-528

„… Article 95 Detailed written report and information on a merger 1. The administrative or management …” „… that the latter may inform their respective general meetings of any material change in the assets and …” „… to in paragraph 1 and/or the information referred to in paragraph 2 shall not be required if all the …”

Peter Kindler Article 34 Information on the opening and termination of winding-up or insolvency proceedings and on striking-off of the company from the register S. 179-182

„… Article 34 Information on the opening and termination of winding-up or insolvency proceedings and …” „… be followed upon receipt of the information referred to in Article 20(1) and (2). Such procedure …” „… change in the legal form of the company concerned, a merger or division, or a cross-border transfer of …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 16 Disclosure in the register S. 129-135

„… Lit g) change of the company seat The company has to disclose every change of its registered seat …” „… credibility of the company and to enforcing their claims. To always display this information – as mentioned …” „… Public Limited Company, the seat is part of the statutes under lit a) and as a consequence a change of …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 e Report of the administrative or management body for members and employees S. 413-422

„… location of subsidiaries and branches, will be subject to change in the context of the conversion …” „… supervisory board, if any, will be subject to change. Obviously, more detail and depth of reporting will be …” „… (k): the draft terms shall contain, where appropriate, information on the procedures by which …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 9 a Right to vote on the remuneration policy S. 919-931

„… price and date and any change thereof; (e) information on the use of the possibility to reclaim variable …” „… remuneration policy to a vote by the general meeting at every material change and in any case at least every …” „… Bialluch 919 fulfilled. It shall specify information on any deferral periods and on the possibility for the …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 141 Detailed written report and information on a division S. 703-705

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Information obligation about substantial changes in assets and liabilities 7 III. Written …” „… Detailed written report and information on a division 1. The administration or management bodies of each of …” „… material change in the assets and liabilities between the date of preparation of the draft terms of …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 3 h Investment strategy of institutional investors and arrangements with asset managers S. 887-889

„… special obligations to provide information ad hoc.5 However, in the event of material changes, Member …” „… information referred to in paragraph 1 must be published on the company’s website. In addition, the SRD …” „… asset managers. In this case, a reference must be made to their published information. III …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 14 Documents and particulars to be disclosed by companies S. 125-129

„… Parliament and of the Council(3); (g) any change of the registered office of the company; (h) the winding-up …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5. Lit g) change of the company seat …” „… disclosed information is protected in the peculiar manner specified by Art 16 para. 5 and 6. II. Important …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 d Draft terms of cross-border divisions S. 748-757

„… statutes if they are contained in a separate instrument, and any changes 2 → Introduction mn. 190. 3 → Art …” „… partial division or a division by separation; (k) where appropriate, information on the procedures by …” „… division are drawn up; (m) information on the evaluation of the assets and liabilities which are to be …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Article 19 Contact committee S. 1025-1026

„… ‘the Committee’) shall oversee changes and amendments in the information of the offer document …” „… (2) changes according to Art 6 (5) have to be made. Article 19 Contact committee 1. A contact …” „… implementation throughout the Member States. The committee also advises the Commission regarding changes and …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 9 b Information to be provided in and right to vote on the remuneration report S. 931-943

„… and date and any change thereof; (e) information on the use of the possibility to reclaim variable …” „… ) SRD. Mandatory information referred to in point (b) The annual change of directors’ remuneration is …” „… practice under Article 9a(2) SRD is therefore compliant with the Directive. Article 9 b Information to be …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 d Draft terms of cross-border conversions S. 404-413

„… ) where appropriate, information on the procedures by which arrangements for the involvement of employees …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 III. Information to be Disclosed in the Draft Terms of the Cross-Border Conversion …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. Corporate information in the departure and destination Member State 10 2. Instrument of …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 142 Examination of the draft terms of division by experts S. 705-707

„… Information obligation about substantial changes in assets and liabilities In the event of …” „… substantial changes in the assets and liabilities of the company being divided occurring between the date on …” „… , Article 141(3) provides for a general information obligation of the administrative or management bodies of …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 3 i Transparency of asset managers S. 889-891

„… special obligations to provide information ad hoc.5 However, in the event of material changes, Member …” „… paragraph 2.4 An obligation for annual publication arises from paragraph 3. In the event of material changes …” „… by Member States if the information is already publicly available anyway. III. Format and Costs of …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 21 Language of disclosure and translation of documents and particulars to be disclosed S. 138-139

„… of any significant changes to their operation. 5. Access to information from the system of …” „… Furthermore, Art 19 para. 3 requires national registers to exchange information free of charge …” „… . This is also intended to prevent the commercialisation of the register and the exchange of information …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 23 Development and operation of the platform S. 139-140

„… of any significant changes to their operation. 5. Access to information from the system of …” „… access points and of any significant changes to their operation. The Commission may also establish …” „… concerning the exchange of information on companies. Article 23 Development and operation of the platform 1 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 122 Common draft terms of cross-border mergers S. 605-618

„… are contained in a separate instrument; (j) where appropriate, information on the procedures by which …” „… resulting from the cross-border merger are determined pursuant to Article 133; (k) information on the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 a) Key information on the companies involved in the cross-border merger 18 b) Share exchange ratio …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 15 Changes in documents and particulars S. 129

„… Lit g) change of the company seat The company has to disclose every change of its registered seat …” „… credibility of the company and to enforcing their claims. To always display this information – as mentioned …” „… Public Limited Company, the seat is part of the statutes under lit a) and as a consequence a change of …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Article 10 Information on companies as referred to in Article 1(1) S. 1008-1010

„… Information on companies as referred to in Article 1(1) 1. Member States shall ensure that companies as …” „… referred to in Article 1(1) publish detailed information on the following: (a) the structure of their …” „… party and which take effect, alter or terminate upon a change of control of the company following a …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther Foreword to Arts 7-12 S. 87-92

„… Directive in the whole of the area of private law established the EU lawmaking policy of an information …” „… model.3 The access to important and reliable company information which this Directive establishes …” „… information to be disclosed5 or establish a higher protection level in restricting the grounds of nullity6 …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Article 6 Information concerning bids S. 999-1003

„… course of the bid. Article 6 Information concerning bids 1. Member States shall ensure that a decision to …” „… in good time an offer document containing the information necessary to enable the holders of the …” „… . Those authorities may require the inclusion of additional information in the offer document only if such …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 h Approval by the general meeting S. 769-773

„… compensation referred to in point (p) of Article 160 d has been inadequately set; or (c) the information given …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 III. Information to Be Provided Prior to the General Meeting …” „… applicable to their membership changes because they become members of a company governed by the law of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 30 163 Changes to documents and information of the company …” „… . Besides, the directive covers structural changes, such as cross-border conversions, internal and …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 2 68 Compulsory information to be provided in the statutes or instruments of incorporation …”

Peter Kindler Article 30 Documents and particulars to be disclosed S. 163-171

„… Changes to documents and information of the company The Member State where a company is registered shall …” „… covers the address of the branch. This information is supposed to make it easier for persons who deal …” „… kept, together with the registration number in that register. This information is crucial for persons …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 143 Availability of documents for inspection by shareholders S. 707-709

„… depreciation and provisions, (ii) material changes in actual value not shown in the books. 3. Every shareholder …” „… of electronic means for conveying information, such copies may be provided by electronic mail. 4. A …” „… companies to maintain the information on their website for a specific period after the general meeting …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 140 Derogation from the requirement of approval by the general meeting of a recipient company S. 702-703

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Information obligation about substantial changes in assets and liabilities 7 III. Written …” „… reporting or information requirements relating to the merger or division of companies, laid down in Chapter …” „… information on a division 1. The administration or management bodies of each of the companies involved in the …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 j Protection of creditors S. 778-784

„… that, on the basis of the information available to the administrative or management body of the company …” „… normally not change); – debt collateral may be more difficult to enforce because of this split; – minimum …” „… by the 2019 Directive can be summarized as follows: – information to be provided in the draft terms …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 i Protection of members S. 434-445

„… )) and on grounds of the information given with regard to the cash compensation being legally incompliant …” „… meeting or information in the draft terms of the cross-border conversion and the reports, respectively …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. Change of the applicable law …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 154 Exemption from the requirement of approval by the general meeting of the company being divided S. 723-724

„… summoned, the information provided for in Article 141(3) covers any material change in the asset and …” „… Member States should be able to provide that the extensive reporting or information requirements relating …” „… date of the division, to access the prior information in accordance with Article 143. Additionally, due …”

Tobias de Raet Article 127 Pre-merger certificate S. 658-665

„… available; (c) any comments submitted in accordance with Article 123(1); and (d) information on the approval …” „… to obtain a pre-merger certificate by the merging company is accompanied by additional information …” „… location; (c) information regarding the satisfaction of obligations due to public bodies by the merging …”

Tobias de Raet Article 91 Draft terms of merger S. 509-514

„… process leading to the merger (cf. Article 93) by means of a system of information and transparency rather …” „… information system are (i) the requirement to draw up a detailed written report and information on the merger …” „… . laws on structural changes of companies)8 and influenced the codification of other forms of corporate …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 h Approval by the general meeting S. 429-434

„… register shall transmit the relevant information to the national gazette or to a central electronic …” „… compensation referred to in point (i) of Article 86 d has been inadequately set; or (b) the information given …” „… conversion, that means, gives them the right to change the lex societatis, if so desired by the appropriate …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 3 Compulsory information to be provided in the statutes or instruments of incorporation S. 73-79

„… Compulsory information to be provided in the statutes or instruments of incorporation The statutes or the …” „… instrument of incorporation of a company shall always give at least the following information: (a) the type …” „… authorised to commence business, and at the time of any change in the authorised capital, without prejudice …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 o Scrutiny of the legality of the cross-border conversion by the destination Member State S. 479-483

„… the purposes of paragraph 1, by the company, including the submission of any information and documents …” „… cross-border conversion entails a change of the legal form of a company without that company losing its legal …” „… subject to material change during the legislative process. III. Scrutiny Procedure in the Destination …”

Tobias de Raet Article 97 Availability of documents for inspection by shareholders S. 534-540

„… and provisions, — material changes in actual value not shown in the books. 3. Every shareholder shall …” „… electronic means for conveying information, such copies may be provided by electronic mail. 4. A company …” „… to maintain the information on their website for a specific period after the general meeting. Member …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 22 System of interconnection of registers S. 139

„… of any significant changes to their operation. 5. Access to information from the system of …” „… access points and of any significant changes to their operation. The Commission may also establish …” „… concerning the exchange of information on companies. Article 23 Development and operation of the platform 1 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 94 Derogation from the requirement of approval by the general meeting of the acquiring company S. 522-524

„… Article 95 Detailed written report and information on a merger 1. The administrative or management bodies …” „… may inform their respective general meetings of any material change in the assets and liabilities …” „… in paragraph 1 and/or the information referred to in paragraph 2 shall not be required if all the …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 137 Draft terms of division S. 693-697

„… companies and are based on the “European model for structural changes” already established by the Merger …” „… Directive with its focus on granting protection by information.1 The protection of the interests of members …” „… ensure that proper information is provided to the affected shareholders, Article 137(2) incorporates a …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Article 20 Revision S. 1026-1027

„… the Commission regarding changes and amendments. Article 20 Revision Five years after the date laid …” „… end, Member States shall provide the Commission annually with information on the takeover bids which …” „… markets. That information shall include the nationalities of the companies involved, the results of the …”

Peter Kindler Article 35 Information on letters and order forms S. 182-183

„… strike the company off the register of the branch. Any change in the legal form is covered by Art 30a(d …” „… ) of the Directive as far as the branch in another Member State is concerned. Article 35 Information on …” „… state, in addition to the information prescribed by Article 26, the register in which the file in …”

Tobias de Raet Article 98 Protection of employees’ rights S. 540-541

„… . Such an additional report might not only have led to an information overload, but would also have been …” „… to Article 95 the effects the merger will have on employees, considering that this information is not …” „… , 12.6.1970 (Vol. 1970/0091) and further references as to the various changes provided by Lutter/Bayer/Schmidt …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 13 j Online filing of company documents and information S. 124-125

„… Regulation (EU) 2020/2244 details the methods of exchange of information between the registers.1 Article 13 j …” „… Online filing of company documents and information 1. Member States shall ensure that documents and …” „… information referred to in Article 14, including any modification thereof, can be filed online with the …”

Peter Kindler Article 33 Disclosure in cases of multiple branches in a Member State S. 177-179

„… documents are to be certified. The Member States’ option seeks to improve the quality of the information …” „… Article 34 Information on the opening and termination of winding-up or insolvency proceedings and on …” „… upon receipt of the information referred to in Article 20(1) and (2). Such procedure shall ensure that …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 j Protection of creditors S. 445-455

„… disclosure of that declaration. The declaration shall state that, on the basis of the information available …” „… converted company will change as a result of the cross-border conversion or, in other words, there is a …” „… in the converted company. The applicable corporate law will change as a result of the cross-border …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 g Disclosure S. 425-429

„… Access to information; confidential information When preparing the report, the expert shall be …” „… entitled to obtain from the company all information necessary to this end (Article 86 e (2)). To the extent …” „… that elements of the information requested by the expert for purposes of the examination constitute …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 7 Requirements for participation and voting in the general meeting S. 907-910

„… record date. In particular, the record date rule will apply in the event of changes in the number of …” „… registered shares, but also companies that can identify their shareholders entirely under the information …” „… requirements introduced by SRD II. Although this would have seemed obvious, SRD II has not made any changes in …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 4 Compulsory information to be provided in the statutes or instruments of incorporation or separate documents S. 79-83

„… information to be published.30 Member States may provide for further and stricter requirements.31 VII. Direct …” „… application (cf. → Foreword Art 44 mn. 64). Article 4 Compulsory information to be provided in the statutes or …” „… instruments of incorporation or separate documents The following information at least shall appear in either …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 l Employee participation S. 457-467

„… means that the applicable regime will change as a result of the cross-border conversion.3 Needless to …” „… fundamental change. One has to note, however, that the Commission Proposal 1 European Commission, Impact …” „… carry out a prudent analysis whether and to which extent, e.g. for reasons of a change in the applicable …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Article 11 Breakthrough S. 1010-1014

„… , alter or terminate upon a change of control of the company following a takeover bid, and the effects …” „… information on the basis of other legal requirements; (k) any agreements between the company and its board …” „… (Art 10 (2)) The aforementioned information has to be published in the company’s annual report as …”

Tobias de Raet Article 126 b Protection of creditors S. 653-656

„… declaration. The declaration shall state that, on the basis of the information available to the administrative …” „… (i.e. restrictions on paying back equity capital to the shareholders). Changes in the accounting system …” „… . For this purpose, the declaration must state that, on the basis of the information available to the …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Article 9 Obligations of the board of the offeree company S. 1005-1008

„… III. Disclosure of all Information Required by Art 6, Art 8 (2) Paragraph 2 then proceeds to …” „… oblige Member States to provide for the disclosure of all information and documents required by Art 6 in …” „… receives the information referred to in the first sentence of Article 6(1) concerning the bid and until the …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 155 Definition of a ‘division by the formation of new companies’ S. 724-725

„… of the division, to access the prior information in accordance with Article 143. Additionally, due to …” „… information in accordance with Article 141(3). Under these circumstances, the duty applies in respect of all …” „… material changes in assets after the date of preparation of the draft terms of division. II. Division by …”

Tobias de Raet Article 127 a Transmission of the pre-merger certificate S. 665-666

„… , i.e. not a material change.20 Article 127(9) sets out further details as to the process of such …” „… with Article 127, including information it obtained through consultation with other relevant …” „… ) the information is accessible free of charge. When implementing Article 127(a), Member States will, in …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther Article 12 Consequences of nullity S. 108-110

„… information. Sublit iv causes nullity if the company does not comply with the national law requirements of the …” „… , the overall corporate objective changes from generating cash as going concern to winding up its …” „… Council of the of 2 October 2018 establishing a single digital gateway to provide access to information …”

Silja Maul, Larissa Furtwengler Article 18 Committee procedure S. 1024-1025

„… (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Committee’) shall oversee changes and amendments in the information of the …” „… laid down in Article 21(1) and of any subsequent change thereto at the earliest opportunity. Article 18 …” „… (2) changes according to Art 6 (5) have to be made. Article 19 Contact committee 1. A contact …”

Tobias de Raet Article 123 Disclosure S. 618-625

„… information from the disclosure of the independent expert report. The documents disclosed in accordance with …” „… meeting referred to in Article 126, the following information: (a) for each of the merging companies its …” „… notice referred to in paragraph 1, the independent expert report and complete information on the …”

Peter Kindler Article 1 Subject matter S. 65-68

„… of branches and on online filing of documents and information by companies and branches, — the …” „… information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. Disclosure …” „… Law Directive without any substantial change to their contents. Goal of the codification The …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 9 Right to ask questions S. 914-919

„… given if the relevant information is available on the company’s Internet site in a question and answer …” „… format. I. Shareholders’ Right to Ask Questions and to Obtain Information Purpose and linking to agenda …” „… items The right to ask questions shall enable the shareholders, in addition to the information and …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 9 c Transparency and approval of related party transactions S. 943-959

„… account: (a) the influence that the information about the transaction may have on the economic decisions …” „… at the time of the conclusion of the transaction. The announcement shall contain at least information …” „… relationship, the name of the related party, the date and the value of the transaction and other information …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 138 Publication of the draft terms of division S. 697-700

„… changes. The concept is to protect the relevant stakeholders by providing them with sufficient information …” „… central electronic platform. Member States may require companies to maintain the information for a …” „… comprehensive information is provided to all shareholders, creditors as well as other individuals holding a …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 857-863

„… of shareholders, transmission of information, facilitation of exercise of shareholders rights …” „… provisions shall be applied in conjunction with the provisions of this Directive. I. General Information …” „… European Community of Maastricht, 7.2.1992 (hereinafter: TEC). 2 For more detailed information on the …”

Tobias de Raet Article 115 Transfer of all assets and liabilities by one or more companies to another company which is the holder of 90 % or more of their shares S. 573-574

„… , which aim to protect them, are not met. This is a change in the protection concept of the Directive …” „… : instead of the ex-ante protection by information, Article 114 provides for an ex-post protection by a …” „… information on the transaction.6 The second subparagraph of Article 114 permits Member States to apply the …”

Tobias de Raet Article 114 Exemption from requirements applicable to mergers by acquisition S. 572-573

„… , if certain provisions, which aim to protect them, are not met. This is a change in the protection …” „… concept of the Directive: instead of the ex-ante protection by information, Article 114 provides for an …” „… comprehensive information on the transaction.6 The second subparagraph of Article 114 permits Member States to …”

Jan P. Brosius Foreword to Arts 44-85 S. 204-223

„… that made some significant changes to the proposal that was finally approved by the European Parliament …” „… specific reporting requirements, to “facilitate specific changes in share ownership”, and “to provide a …” „… recital of its preamble, the scope of the Second Directive had to be adapted in order to reflect changes …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 73 Decision by the general meeting on reduction in the subscribed capital S. 358-360

„… editorial changes, its material content has not been amended since. III. Purpose The provisions on capital …” „… decision to be made by the general meeting would require certain profound information obligations. Although …” „… to provide for a minimum information obligation.8 VI. Quorum The resolution has to be passed in …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 153 Conditions for nullity of a division S. 721-723

„… the company being divided, required for the approval of the division, is not summoned, the information …” „… provided for in Article 141(3) covers any material change in the asset and liabilities after the date of …” „… to provide that the extensive reporting or information requirements relating to the merger or …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 15 Transposition S. 974-976

„… under Articles 6(3) and 7(3), and any subsequent changes thereof, to the Commission, which shall publish …” „… this information in the Official Journal of the European Union. When Member States adopt the measures …” „… (Staatsanwaltschaft/Grunert); C-8/81, ECR 1982, 53, mn. 25 (Becker); See for detailed information Ruffert in Calliess and …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 m Pre-conversion certificate S. 467-478

„… Article 86 g (1); and (d) information on the approval by the general meeting referred to in Article 86 h …” „… company is accompanied by additional information, such as, in particular: (a) the number of employees at …” „… subsidiaries and their respective geographical location; (c) information regarding the satisfaction of …”

Tobias de Raet Article 125 Independent expert report S. 634-643

„… information necessary for the discharge of the duties of the expert. 4. Neither an examination of the common …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 III. Right to Request All Relevant Information …” „… and report are further key elements of the European model for structural changes.1 The examination of …”

Tobias de Raet Article 126 Approval by the general meeting S. 643-648

„… point (m) of Article 122 has been inadequately set; or (c) the information given with regard to the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. Information to be provided prior to the general meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 …” „… Information to be provided prior to the general meeting Article 126(1) provides that the shareholders' meeting …”

Tobias de Raet Article 93 Approval by the general meeting of each of the merging companies S. 518-522

„… Information on the Website after the General Meeting Member States may require companies to maintain the …” „… information for a specific period after the general meeting on their website or, where applicable, on the …” „… fact that in many Member States fundamental decisions, such as changes to the articles of association …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 50 Derogation from the requirement for an experts' report S. 251-258

„… price has been affected by exceptional circumstances that would significantly change the value of the …” „… contributed. In the case of new qualifying circumstances that would significantly change the fair value of the …” „… exceptional circumstances that would significantly change the value of the asset at the effective date of its …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 13 g Online formation of companies S. 116-121

„… templates as referred to in Article 13 h, and on the documents and information required for the formation of …” „… carried out by submitting documents or information in electronic form, including electronic copies of the …” „… documents and information referred to in Article 16a(4). 3. The rules referred to in paragraph 2 shall at …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 8 Participation in the general meeting by electronic means S. 910-914

„… channels of information pursuant to the transposition requirements provided for there (→ Art 3 a). Where …” „… position” with regard to Article 4 SRD (→ Art 4 mn. 2). For example, the right to information and the right …” „… given if the relevant information is available on the company’s Internet site in a question and answer …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 2 Scope S. 68-73

„… 1 of the Directive (→ Art 44 mn. 15 for further details).29 Article 3 Compulsory information to be …” „… a company shall always give at least the following information: (a) the type and name of the company …” „… business, and at the time of any change in the authorised capital, without prejudice to Article 14(e); 22 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 139 Approval by the general meeting of each company involved in a division S. 700-702

„… concerning structural changes do not 3. 3 Lutter/Bayer/Schmidt, Europäisches Kapitalmarkt- und …” „… the extensive reporting or information requirements relating to the merger or division of companies …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 6 Right to put items on the agenda of the general meeting and to table draft resolutions S. 902-907

„… changes thereof to the Commission, which shall publish this information in the Official Journal of the …” „… published in its annex based on information supplied by the Member States. Various regulatory concepts can …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 i Protection of members S. 773-778

„… related information provided did not comply with the legal requirements (Article 160h(5)). VII …” „… , or to members for whom there would be no change of applicable law but for whom certain rights would …” „… change due to the cross-border division (Recital 18). By making extensive use of the latter options …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther Article 7 General provisions and joint and several liability S. 92-96

„… concerns the “disclosure” of the company information. The Directive convergences the disclosure on three …” „… extent of information to file (items of disclosure, Art 14 para. 1 lit. a-k); and (3) effects of the …” „… be correctly identified and therefore have got to disclose certain key information. The reason are …”

Hanno Merkt Accounting and Auditing Law of the European Union S. 809-835

„… regards disclosure of non-financial and diversity information by certain large undertakings and groups, OJ …” „… . Pursuant to Art 2(16), information is material if its omission or misstatement could reasonably be expected …” „… amending Directive 2013/34/EU as regards disclosure of income tax information by certain undertakings and …”

Karsten Kühnle Foreword to Arts 86a-86 t S. 390-398

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 VII. European Model for Structural Changes …” „… Changes In terms of procedures attached to cross-border operations, the 2019 Directive follows the so …” „… called European model for structural changes.24 It has been set out for the first time in the Merger …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 85 Equal treatment of all shareholders who are in the same position S. 387-390

„… December 2004 on the harmonisation of transparency requirements in relation to information about issuers …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 VII. European Model for Structural Changes …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 l Employee participation S. 786-790

„… to information and consultation under the referenced directives apply to the preceding decision …” „… ) information on the approval by the general meeting referred to in Article 160 h. 9 Bungert, ‘Der finale …” „… even have to be changed to accommodate the respective outcome of these negotiations. V. Four Year …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 72 Increase in capital by consideration in cash S. 346-358

„… Directive27 (cf. → Foreword to Arts 13-28 mn. 1 et seq.; → Art 16 mn. 1). Due to the changes made by the …” „… that all owners of registered shares are given the information concerning the procedures for exercising …” „… offer of subscription in daily newspapers does not constitute “information given in writing to the …”

Tobias de Raet Article 87 General provisions S. 494-501

„… ), 1; Grohmann, The Information Model in European Company Law (2006); Grohmann and Gruschinske …” „… Tobias de Raet 493 men” – Zum Schutz durch Information im Europäischen Gesellschaftsrecht’ (2004) NZG, 15 …” „… information, (ii) protection of the interests of members (i.e. shareholders) and others (in essence, creditors …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 56 General rules on distribution S. 271-277

„… . Irrespective of editorial changes, its material content has not been amended since. III. Purpose Article 56 …” „… council of 15 December 2004 on the harmonisation of transparency requirements in relation to information …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 49 Experts’ report on consideration other than in cash S. 245-251

„… another procedure in the near past and where those assets had not suffered any substantial changes since …” „… constitutes a mere information obligation. The Directive does not stipulate what methods of valuation are …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845279909

International Society for Knowledge Organziation (ISKO), Marianne Lykke, Tanja Svarre, Mette Skov, Daniel Martínez-Ávila - Knowledge Organization at the Interface

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International Society for Knowledge Organziation (ISKO) (ed.), Marianne Lykke (ed.), Tanja Svarre (ed.), Mette Skov (ed.), Daniel Martínez-Ávila (ed.)

Knowledge Organization at the Interface

Series: Advances in Knowledge Organization

Volume 17 2020

Results in this title

Francisco-Javier García-Marco Knowledge Organization in Historical Information Systems Revisited: Changes in Society, Technology and Expectations 25 Years Later S. 474-478

„… Historical Information Systems Revisited Changes in Society, Technology and Expectations 25 Years Later …” „… Abstract: The concept of Knowledge Organization in Historical Information Systems (HIS) is revisited 25 …” „… , Denmark), before the impact of the World Wide Web revolution was visible. An assessment of these changes …”

Yi-Yun Cheng, Khanh Linh Hoang, Bertram Ludäscher Cacao, Cocao, or Cocoa?: Reconciliation of Taxonomic Names in Biodiversity Heritage Library S. 88-97

„… Encyclopedia of Life (EoL), Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), Global Biodiversity Information …” „… , another popular online resource for biodiversity information, to perform further searches. She found that …” „… cacao shown in BHL. These 15 names are listed alphabetically, but without further information of how …”

Rick Szostak, Richard P. Smiraglia, Andrea Scharnhorst, Ronald Siebes, Aida Slavic, Daniel Martínez-Ávila, Tobias Renwick Classifications as Linked Open Data: Challenges and Opportunities S. 436-445

„… questions such as what information to make available in a machine readable form, to which extent existing …” „… cloud which hopefully encompass as much related information as possible. The first task of the …” „… changes and has been made available in many languages and versions. The current UDC data standard, the …”

Daniel Martínez-Ávila, Fidelia Ibekwe, Fernanda Bochi The Epistemic Communities and Evolution of Knowledge Domains: A Domain Analysis of the Journal Education for Information S. 264-273

„… Education for Information Abstract: Bibliometrics has been presented as one of the approaches to domain …” „… around the journal Education of Information. An Interdisciplinary Journal of Information Studies. One of …” „… to identify the epistemic communities formed around the journal “Education of Information. An …”

Mario Barité, Mirtha Rauch Classification System for Knowledge Organization Literature (CSKOL): Its Update, a Pending Task? S. 460-464

„… a decimal faceted classification scheme. The CSKOL has not experienced significant changes …” „… hundred major divisions of the Information Coding Classification (ICC), an autonomous, universal …” „… the ICC (“Electronics”), thus achieving the subject representation of information resources on …”

Ziyoung Park, Hosin Lee, Seungchon Kim, Sungjae Park, Dasom Jung, Seunghee Son, Yoonwhan Kim, Hyewon Lee Organizing Performing Arts Records of Korean Traditional Music as Linked Open Data S. 348-356

„… enables the information of performing arts stored in a separate data silo to be searchable and accessible …” „… identification of the data unit, modeling of the data structure, and connection of relevant information (Park et …” „… analyzed the classification and cataloging information of gugak performing materials in the Gugak Archive …”

Wan-Chen Lee Linking, Mapping, Matching, and Change: Contemporary Use of Ranganathan’s Three Planes of Work in Classification Activity S. 494-498

„… changes of an entity. Without contextual information, users would not know which links of an entity were …” „… change the name of this metadata attribute, and it was changed to non-Latin script title. This is an …” „… Wan-Chen Lee – University of Washington, United States Linking, Mapping, Matching, and Change …”

Amelie Dorn, Renato Rocha Souza, Enric Senabre, Thomas Palfinger, Eveline Wandl-Vogt, Barbara Piringer Crafting a System for Knowledge Discovery and Organisation: A Case-Study on KOS for a Non-Standard German Legacy Dataset S. 115-122

„… . https://doi.org/10.3390/info9120297. Barhydt, Gordon C., Charles T. Schmidt, and Kee T. Chang. 1968. Information …” „… classification has also been used to assist automated search and retrieval of information (Prieto-Diaz 1991 …” „… ). According to Mills (2004), facet analysis has a very vital role for information retrieval and in the design …”

Juan Bernardo Montoya-Mogollón, Sonia Troitiño Digital Forensics Science and Knowledge Organization: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Addressing the Conceptual Challenges of Born-Digital Records S. 302-309

„… objective, its name was changed to Digital Forensics: digital because it analyzes the information configured …” „… the 20th and 21st centuries have ushered in a number of changes related to the treatment of …” „… information. Private and public organizations have faced increasing pressure to shift to digital formats …”

Katherine Morrison Committed to a Narrative: Expressions of Knowledge Organization at The Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation S. 310-318

„… Katherine Morrison – Indiana University Department of Information and Library Science, United …” „… American Innovation Abstract: Innovation is one of the most pervasive rhetorical tropes in information …” „… practices of change that are themselves already privileged in canons of American history. In this way, we …”

Athena Salaba Knowledge Organization Requirements in LIS Graduate Programs S. 384-393

„… LIS Graduate Programs Abstract: The importance of knowledge and information organization has …” „… become more evident in the larger and fast changing information environment. Educating knowledge …” „… organization professionals has been a long tradition of library and information science programs. This study …”

Ali Shiri, Elizabeth Joan Kelly, Ayla Stein Kenfield, Kinza Masood, Caroline Muglia, Santi Thompson, Liz Woolcott A Faceted Conceptualization of Digital Object Reuse in Digital Repositories S. 402-410

„… provides new opportunities for digital information users to openly and freely interact with, use and …” „… sense of information and of creating digital content. The implications of using, reusing, and …” „… repurposing digital content and collections, in this open and information-rich environment, are profound and …”

Josir Cardoso Gomes, Marco André Feldman Schneider Ethical Perspective on Classifications of Religions: The Protestant Rise in Brazil S. 78-87

„… Introduction This paper is part of a doctoral research in Information Science, in progress, over political …” „… which the Information Science methodological and theoretical apparatus can contribute. Considering the …” „… provider of country’s demographic data. As stated on their site, “such information meets the demands of …”

Ceri Binding, Claudio Gnoli, Gabriele Merli, Marcin Trzmielewski, Douglas Tudhope Integrative Levels Classification as a Networked KOS: A SKOS Representation of ILC2 S. 49-58

„… function (“vehicles, with wheels”), and other details in notation. These changes are described by Park et …” „… the dynamic form and the appropriate information is displayed. SKOS data for ILC2 are available from …” „… Across Archaeological Data and Reports in Different Languages.” Journal of Information Science 45 …”

Claire McDonald Call Us by Our Name(s): Shifting Representations of the Transgender Community in Classificatory Practice S. 284-292

„… this as justification for additional documentation regarding global changes made to classification …” „… systematically be updated to reflect changes in common usage (Fox 2016, 380; Olson 2001, 660-661; Ranganathan …” „… 1937, 64). Changes to classification schemes and indexing languages are unavoidable as knowledge is …”

Paul Matthews Knowledge Organisation Systems for Chatbots and Conversational Agents: A Review of Approaches and an Evaluation of Relative Value-Added for the User S. 274-283

„… student information based on a partial knowledge graph is described. A key conclusion is that ontology in …” „… on a bot for student information. It is hoped that these sections will serve to highlight challenges …” „… knowledge base using similarity or information retrieval algorithms. The best matches can then be used to …”

David Haynes Understanding Personal Online Risk to Individuals Via Ontology Development S. 171-180

„… , Song Han, and Elizabeth Chang. 2006. “An Information Privacy Taxonomy for Collaborative Environments …” „… the online activity of six participants from the library and information services community helped to …” „… with online disclosure of personal information. Interactions with online systems and social media …”

Natália Tognoli, Suellen Oliveira Milani, José Augusto Chaves Guimarães, João Batista Ernesto de Moraes The Subject Dimension of Authorship: A New Perspective of Provenance in KO S. 446-454

„… has been traditionally linked to descriptive representation – also called cataloging – in information …” „… information going beyond the identification of “the name of the author”. Authorship is a highly thematic and …” „… and paradigms in information science.” As a consequence, “the subjects of a document are its …”

Webert Júnior Araújo, Gercina Ângela de Lima A Methodological Proposal Towards Domain Ontology Enrichment S. 23-30

„… , exclusion); (3) control changes made (like the source of the extracted information, inclusion date); (4 …” „… can change, terms used to represent concepts become obsolete, new terms emerge, and new scientific …” „… vocabularies. Likewise, it supports the organization and retrieval of information. Thus, studies are necessary …”

Linda C. Smith Interdisciplinary Searching as a Use Case for Vocabulary Mapping S. 428-435

„… Linda C. Smith – School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA …” „… discipline-oriented information systems. The publication of ISO 25964-2: Information and documentation - thesauri and …” „… , the publication of ISO 25964-2: Information and Documentation - Thesauri and Interoperability with …”

Chris Holstrom, Joseph T. Tennis Visibility, Identity, and Personal Expression: Qualitative Case Studies of Social Tagging on MetaFilter S. 207-216

„… Chris Holstrom – University of Washington Information School, USA Joseph T. Tennis – University of …” „… Washington Information School, USA Visibility, Identity, and Personal Expression Qualitative Case Studies …” „… Overflow, GitHub, Goodreads, and LinkedIn allow users to label and organize information by using social …”

Xiaoyue Ma, Pengzhen Xue, Nada Matta Reconstruction of Crisis Knowledge Ontology by Integrating Temporal-Spatial Analysis S. 499-501

„… static knowledge. Static knowledge represents the information that does not change during the whole …” „… attributes while ignoring the real-time dynamics of information during the emergency rescue (Moehrle 2012 …” „… sequences and scenes, based on which the cross-effects of their dynamic changes are analyzed. Second, a …”

Sharon Farnel, Ali Shiri Indigenous Community Driven Knowledge Organization at the Interface: The Case of the Inuvialuit Digital Library S. 123-132

„… information and knowledge are conveyed, communicated, and understood. Beghtol (2002a; 2002b) argues for the …” „… . 1.0 Introduction The goal of knowledge organization is to address the ways in which information and …” „… and made use of a number of information sources. A first source of information was the proposed …”

Mario Barité, Mirtha Rauch Cultural Warrant: Old and New Sights from Knowledge Organization S. 31-40

„… social perspective, because it gives an adequate dimension of the information problems and the solutions …” „… that have to be addressed, and because each individual (and therefore, each information user) belongs …” „… expressions, stating that a dominant culture is usually shielded to strongly resist changes and innovations …”

Giovanna Aracri, Assunta Caruso, Antonietta Folino An Ontological Model for Semantic Interoperability Within an Earth Observation Knowledge Base S. 13-22

„… specific domains and which will facilitate information and knowledge generation from EO data. Thus …” „… the vast volume of data produced, turning it into usable information and knowledge. 1.0 Aim and …” „… increasing amount of information made publicly available in any domain (Bodenreider et al. 2002). Earth …”

Negin Shokrzadeh Hashtroudi, Mohsen Haji Zeinolabedini Representing Entities and Characteristics of Iranian Performing Arts Based on IFLA Library Reference Model (IFLA-LRM) S. 479-483

„… bibliographic universe has seen great changes in users’ needs and how Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS …” „… ) model bibliographic data in information systems. Therefore, in the 1990s, IFLA and other organizations …” „… . This model covers all aspects of bibliographic and authority information (Riva and Žumer 2018). LRM …”

Daniel Libonati Gomes, Thiago Henrique Bragato Barros The Bias in Ontologies: An Analysis of the FOAF Ontology S. 236-244

„… , taxonomies, or ontologies, are essential tools for the organization and representation of information in …” „… representing information, even unconsciously, we can describe some form of prejudice, that is, what is a bias …” „… conducting studies on technologies that enable information retrieval, taking into account this aspect of its …”

Carlos Guardado da Silva, Luís Corujo, Jorge Revez The Classification Plan for Local Administration: Portuguese Archives and the Knowledge Organization in Practice S. 411-420

„… irreconcilable. Such change definitely positions the information manager in the design, planning and development …” „… design. The Functional Macrostructure for Public Administration information is the main framework for the …” „… development of CPLA, and contributes to the emergence of a new paradigm in Information Management. Such …”

Francisco-Javier García-Marco, Fernando Galindo, Pilar Lasala, Joaquín López del Ramo Advancing the Interoperability of the GLAM+ and Cultural Tourism Sectors through KOS: Perspectives and Challenges S. 151-160

„… Introduction: context and motivation It has become a common experience that web information is changing …” „… more contextualized, personalized and interesting information resources. On the other, Humanities and …” „… of knowledge organization and information architecture can collaborate on devising and proposing …”

Jonathan Furner New Formats, Shifting Fortunes: Late-Twentieth-Century KO in the Wild S. 142-150

„… themselves). An encyclopedia is “a literary work containing extensive information on all branches of …” „… brief particulars, descriptive, or aiding information” (OED Online, December 2019). The systematic …” „… Change of Place Measure and Shape Living Things Natural Phenomena Behavior and the Will Language …”

Radia Bernaoui, Dagobert Soergel Social Network Communication and Effects on Innovation: The Case of the Agrifood Sector in Algeria S. 540-542

„… Abstract: We studied Algerian researchers in the field of agronomic research to analyze their information …” „… communication impedes companies and research institutions due to the absence of information system and a lack of …” „… culture of sharing information. Information and communication technologies, especially such platforms …”

Julietti de Andrade, Marilda Lopes Ginez de Lara The social role of knowledge organization in Evidence Based Health S. 537-539

„… best information for decision-making. The knowledge produced in Evidence based health, such as …” „… steps taken in the search for information and its retrieval, thus allowing access to the studies, which …” „… and systematization of information search and retrieval processes, knowledge organization has …”

Gregory H. Leazer, Robert Montoya, Jonathan Furner Numerical Classification and Complexity: Developing a Classification of Classifications S. 217-225

„… biological or biodiversity world, as we see in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), for …” „… found enough warrant to change the schedule to reflect new scientific approaches. Yet despite the fact …” „… particular cited evidence, or warrant, can be pinpointed as the source of this change— and thus is also a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… García-Marco: Knowledge Organization in Historical Information Systems Revisited: Changes in Society …” „… Analysis of the Journal Education for Information 264 Paul Matthews: Knowledge Organisation Systems for …” „… Integrative Levels Classification 489 Wan-Chen Lee: Linking, Mapping, Matching, and Change: Contemporary Use …”

Maria Teresa Biagetti Bibliographical Relationships in Knowledge Organization Systems: A Historical-Theoretical Perspective S. 41-48

„… , revisions, summaries, adaptations, new works based on the earlier work, changes of genre, as dramatizations …” „… , Manifestations and Items in order to increase information and help finding linked Entities. Logic relationships …” „… ideas), transformation (change of literary form); considering Expressions, are included relations of …”

Marc Tanti Analysis on Twitter of the Actors and Rumors Around the Ebola Epidemic 2018-2019 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. S. 566-568

„… information concerning the treatment of the disease, such as bathing in salt water to cure (Fung et al. 2016 …” „… . It relays messages of scientific information, education and awareness... The 568 rest of the …” „… Information and Misinformation on Ebola, August 2014: Facts and Rumors.” Public Health Reports 131, no.3 …”

Olívia Pestana, Rui Sousa-Silva Knowledge Organization in the New Era Using DIY Corpora as Writing Assistants S. 517-521

„… of the specific conventions of that particular LSP. Appropriate information searching is thus …” „… information about the meaning of a word, detail the use of a word when combined with (an)other word(s), and …” „… ), information extraction (collect terminology, establish semantic relations, produce conceptual maps …”

Brigita Perchutkaite, Marianne Lykke Facilitating University–Industry Interaction by Visually Showcasing Researcher Profiles Via Metadata S. 364-373

„… visualizations in research information management systems (RIMS) may support UII for large enterprises. The …” „… information management systems (RIMS) as a part of university–industry interaction (UII). In addition, we …” „… ‘speeding up’ the cognitive processes of filtering information; therefore, it plays an important role in …”

Thiago Henrique Bragato Barros Touching from a Distance: Concept Theory and Archival Hierarchical Classification S. 465-469

„… of studies, which encompasses the research, practice, and theory of a subdomain of Information …” „… for information retrieval (IR). More specifically, KO is concerned with such activities as indexing …” „… basis for the development of information retrieval. We think there is a role that these systems can play …”

Ann M. Graf Domain Analysis of Graffiti Art Documentation: A Methodological Approach S. 161-170

„… information to capture for works not often documented from within libraries, archives, and museums. This …” „… notification that the site had moved without providing forwarding information. 64 sites were fully in …” „… information related to shopping, subscribing, and other graffiti and street art-related information accessed …”

Giulia Crippa, Andre Vieira de Freitas Araujo Order of Knowledge, Selection and Bibliographical Tension in the 16th Century: Between Gesnerian Universality and Possevinian Anti-Heretism S. 105-114

„… change in the structures of knowledge and, therefore, in the logic of information organization, mainly …” „… the other side of the reflection on knowledge and information between the 16th and 17th centuries is …” „… Bibliography. Bibliography represents information, making it necessary to recognize the existence of logics …”

Pino Buizza Thesaurus and Heading Lists: Equivalences and Divegences S. 59-68

„… global information. In mapping projects and related literature, the focus is predominantly on …” „… to information on a global scale requires interoperability, a theme widely studied, and mapping is …” „… retrieve the searched information. They live as strictly connected elements of indexing and of natural …”

Introduction S. 11-12

„… organization, knowledge sharing, and information searching. The conference invited contributions with …” „… organization as driver for development and change Proposals for full papers, short papers, posters, round …”

Isadora Victorino Evangelista, Thiago Henrique Bragato Barros Ethical Aspects in Knowledge Organization: A Discourse Analysis at ISKO International Events S. 549-550

„… society, and the change of paradigms of information access from the technological development. 1.0 The …”

Negin Shokrzadeh Hashtroudi, Mohsen Haji Zeinolabedini Educational Practices of Knowledge Organization in Iran: A Historical Review S. 551-553

„… – Department of Information Science and Knowledge, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Educational …” „… Classification (DDC) are widely used in Iranian Libraries and they are included in the curriculum of Information …” „… abstracting 1 1 Designing digital library 1 1 Master (Information Management) Information Representation 1 …”

Lucia Maria Velloso de Oliveira, Bianca Therezinha C. Panisset, José Antonio da Silva Types of Documents: Representations of Who We Are and How the Government Works S. 338-347

„… information. This statement finds support in the statement of Guimarães (2017, 92), for which, among the …” „… translate into: “manage and identify large pieces of information which leads on the other hand to the need …” „… information management system. Both situations place records and files at the epicenter of the discussion on …”

Günter Reiner, Philipp Adämmer Similarities Between Human Structured Subject Indexing and Probabilistic Topic Models S. 374-383

„… information scientists. The project proposes an indexing scheme that follows a content grid of six predefined …” „… legal information and are based on Ranganathan’s fundamental facets as well as on the famous Roman …” „… Indexing is one of the oldest tools to foster the retrieval of written information. Even in the age of …”

Katerina Lynn Stanton, Rachel Ivy Clarke The Design Domain is Divided: Issues in Interdisciplinary Library Classification S. 564-565

„… classification schemes as one of eleven methods for domain analysis, suggesting that information professionals …” „… .” Knowledge Organization 34: 144-168. Hjørland, Birger. 2002. “Domain Analysis in Information Science: Eleven …” „… and ontological perspectives on design have changed dramatically in the past century: have library …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783956507762

André Ufer - Rethinking Good Governance in Developing Economies

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André Ufer

Rethinking Good Governance in Developing Economies

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Volkswirtschaftslehre

Volume 1 2008

Results in this title

Governance of Structural Change and Microeconomic Coordination Problems: Information Failures and Low Level Equilibrium Traps S. 78-82

„… 783.2.3 Governance of Structural Change and Microeconomic Coordination Problems: Information …” „… point out that due to asymmetries in information, individuals would not pursue specifi c goals, even if …” „… create it via increasing prices. But information is not perfect. If in the example above any potential …”

New Institutional Economics S. 49-53

„… of information processing is crucially important (compare with Chang 1994, p.35). A substantial …” „… development. Gore (2000) points out that the WC did change the whole analysis of development: It did away with …” „… given. The later works of North for example deal with how changes in property rights affected economic …”

Governance, Class Structure, Institutional Change and Development S. 57-70

„… , Institutional Change and DevelopmentSome issues that are neglected in the market-liberal approach, but which are …” „… be the subject of this section. While NIE developed the crucial concept of information failures, it …” „… study is that due to the existence of information failures and various problems of collective action …”

The Changing Role of Governance in Thailand S. 35-40

„… , a focus on the political economy of institutions and of institutional change will demonstrate that …” „… entrepreneurs, and later for solving problems of imperfect information and moral hazard in the fi nancial sector …” „… private enterprises fostered the fl ow of relevant information, and decreased the magnitude of free-rider …”

Rethinking Good Governance S. 171-180

„… start off successfully, the distributive consequences of structural change might create new …” „… information failures and free-rider problems, as well as the creation of unproductive rents (e.g. monopolies …” „… 1997, Evans 2000). Ruschemeyer and Evans (1985) argue, similar to Chang (1994), that the bureaucracy …”

The Consequences: Contradictions and the Impasse of Sustained Development in Thailand S. 136-145

„… industries producing capital- and intermediate goods remained in place, and this was not about to change even …” „… made, that comparative advantages would change for the country towards that of an exporter of …” „… dissipation of information is broader, and hence the economy-wide learning process might proceed at a quicker …”

Foundations of Market-Liberal Thought: Unrestricted Markets as the Tool for Development and Growth S. 41-45

„… 413. Governance and the Process of Transformation and Structural ChangeThe aim of this chapter is …” „… transformation, structural change and development. A critique of these theories with regard to the complex …” „… the underlying power structure is unfavourable, it is necessary that the state has the power to change …”

New Political Economy S. 45-49

„… perception of power remained strikingly absent in neoclassical thought, and this did also not change when …” „… needed for institutional change which limits the power of ruling politicians (Grindle 2001 …” „… East Asia. These changes are inconsistent with the state-society view as proposed by public choice …”

Methodology and Structure S. 19-26

„… for classes which may resist this type of change.Second, it needs to be noted that the specifi c …” „… governance approach has not produced theories of institutional origin and institutional change. It does not …” „… rights that regulate their behaviour do come from. Chang (2003b) rightly points out that institutions are …”

Parliamentary Rule and New Conflicts of Distribution: Governance, Corruption and Political Stability S. 118-126

„… they did no longer promote further structural change. As argued above, parliamentary coalitions were …” „… MPs (patrons) could quickly change membership between parties, taking their network of support with …” „… policies will ensure necessary institutional changes like technological upgrading (see the relevant …”

Governance of Structural Change and Microeconomic Coordination Problems: Problems and Costs of Acquisition of Technology S. 73-78

„… Structural Change and Microeconomic Coordination Problems: Information Failures and Low Level Equilibrium …” „… to change them ex-post (i.e. after the arrangement was made), as well as their monitoring capability …” „… established.3.2.3 Governance of Structural Change and Microeconomic Coordination Problems: Problems and Costs …”

Good Governance on the World Bank Agenda S. 53-57

„… 53Concerning the process of development, NIE changes the focus from problems of allocation towards …” „… thought of as economic growth plus institutional change (Toye 1995, Aron 2000). Through this mechanism …” „… mattered in this particular case, but also that governance reform was vital if the situation was to change …”

Evaluating Governance in the Transformation Process and Improving the “Good Governance” Consensus S. 82-84

„… units must be able to act autonomously and insulated, and relevant information must be processed in a …” „… transactions are complicated and location-specifi c processes, and that a variety of information asymmetries …” „… processes of transformation and structural change are subject to a variety of coordination problems. In …”

Governance and the Economics of Rents in the Transformation Process S. 70-73

„… , and more precisely the process of technological change, the study will focus on a more specifi c array …” „… failures like asymmetric information and externalities are not properly considered. If markets were …” „… right kind of incentives, but this is not realistic. With the creation of rents, incentives for change …”

Abbreviations S. 7-13

„… Governance in Thailand 353. Governance and the Process of Transformation and Structural Change 413.1 …” „… Collective Action Problems 573.2.1 Governance, Class Structure, Institutional Change and Development 573.2.2 …” „… 08.09.2008 08:03:5108.09.2008 08:03:583.2.3 Governance of Structural Change and Microeconomic …”

The Origins and Economic Rationale of Good Governance S. 27-31

„… driving forward economic change. Instead, governance should take the role of creating an “enabling …” „… et al. 1999, Soederberg et al. 2005). The state thus changes from a neutral referee or a simple …” „… market-failure as it was put forward by the new information economics and new institutional economics (NIE), they …”

References S. 189-206

„… Knowledge, in Silverberg, G. and L. Soeke (eds.) The Economics of Growth and Technical Change, Aldershot …” „… Asia’s Industrialization, Basingstoke: PalgraveChang, H.J. (1994) The Political Economy of Industrial …” „… Policy, London: MacMillanChang, H.J. (1999) The Economic Theory of the Developmental State, in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845211589

Leticia Bode, Ceren Budak, Jonathan M. Ladd - Words That Matter

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Leticia Bode, Ceren Budak, Jonathan M. Ladd

Words That Matter

2020

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The Changed Information Environment of Presidential Campaigns S. 1-10

„… 11The Changed Information Environment of Presidential Campaigns What information do citizens get …” „… , i-x_1-264.indd 2 4/6/20 9:44 AM3The Changed Information Environment of Presidential Campaignsten …” „… campaign coverage. Ladd_Words That Matter_a,b, i-x_1-264.indd 4 4/6/20 9:44 AM5The Changed Information …”

Fake News Production and Consumption S. 153-178

„… prevalence of content produced by fake news publishers and how did this prevalence change over time? What …” „… range of reasons. The 2016 pres-idential election spurred significant discussion on the changes in the …” „… of the information ecosystem online.State ActorsThere is strong evidence that the Russian government …”

What Might Have Made News: Big Issues, Historic Candidates, and Hillary Clinton's Strange Email Scandal S. 11-34

„… . presidential campaign and election. The messages in the media information environment don’t come from nowhere …” „… . We can only analyze and evaluate the information environ-ment surrounding the campaign in relation to …” „… some measure of reality. The most relevant components of the information environment include the …”

Conclusions: Determining What (Words) Mattered S. 179-192

„… environment has dramati-cally changed since the early 1990s, the tendency for the information environment to …” „… informa-tion, and (3) the growing prevalence of fake news. We finally consider some additional general findings …” „… the 2016 cam-paign information environment was to keep email on the agenda. In the end, new …”

The Things People Heard about Trump and Clinton S. 99-126

„… in which information about the two major party presidential candidates percolated into the …” „… measure of reception of campaign- related informa-tion. This question measured information obtained from …” „… important source of information for citizens. The candidates’ activities and the press coverage of them can …”

Bibliography S. 221-248

„… - hillary- will- be- indicted/.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (United Nations). 2014. “AR5 …” „… Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014.” United Nations. www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/.Ivanova, Irina. 2018. 8 …” „… - promises- for- protecting- your- information- after- data- breach- scandal/.Iyengar, Shanto, and Donald …”

Public Attention to Events in the 2016 Election; What Mattered? S. 127-152

„… expected to influence voters’ decisions. This includes both normative questions about what information …” „… Attend to Campaign Events?At their core, American presidential campaigns are about information. Citizens …” „… are expected to learn about candidates by considering the available information about the candidates …”

Index S. 253-0

„… , 72Climate change, 19–21, 190Clinton, Bill, 12–14, 30Clinton, Hillary: announcement of candidacy, 66 …” „… : consecutive terms in White House, 18; McGovern–Fraser Commission, 63–64; recall of information by, 109–15, 110 …” „… tFavorability ratings: and candidate visibility, 116–124, 117t, 119f, 122f, 124t; changes over time, 116–117 …”

Notes S. 215-220

„… 215NotesChapter 11. Researchers have debated whether media priming of issues changes peo-ple’s …” „… votes to match their preferences or changes their preferences to match their vote choice, or some of …” „… . Department of Labor. This was done by calculating the rate of change in the consumer price index between …”

The Language and Tone of the 2016 Campaign S. 83-98

„… likely to increase or suppress turnout, or change attitudes and votes, tone is a central, defining …” „… the tendency for negative information about the candidates to circulate more widely and be remembered …” „… to highlight the prevalence of negative, scandal- focused information during the 2016 campaign.Figure …”

The August 2015 Republican Debate: A Study of Information Flow in the 2015-2016 Republican Nomination Contest S. 61-82

„… 614The August 2015 Republican DebateA Study of Information Flow in the 2015–2016 Republican …” „… Nomination ContestInformation flow in a political campaign varies by the stage of the cam-paign and can be a …” „… campaign environment. Hence we start exploring key questions of information flow not by focusing on the …”

Appendix: Data and Methods S. 193-214

„… , actions, and opinions of different populations. They can therefore be an important source of information …” „… fake news (see chapter 8) and informa-tion about external articles and sites. However, they do not give …” „… is email. In con-trast, the dominant words for Trump change month by month until the election. Not …”

Preface

„… StyleContents Acknowledgments vii1 The Changed Information Environment 1 of Presidential Campaigns2 What Might …” „… information—true, false, or somewhere in between—actually helped voters make up their minds. Cover: Anne Masters …” „… visualization techniques to facilitate the presentation of information on their website and as a way to …”

What the Media Covered, Journalists Tweeted, and the Public Heard about the Candidates S. 35-60

„… is to use these five datasets to study changes in the information environment and public perception …” „… information they shared with, and got from, their peers while the campaign unfolded.During the campaign …” „… information from journalists and other sources. News organizations often encouraged or required journalists to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815731924

Sabine Dedenbach-Salazar Sáenz - La transmisión de conceptos cristianos a las lenguas amerindias

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Sabine Dedenbach-Salazar Sáenz (ed.)

La transmisión de conceptos cristianos a las lenguas amerindias

Series: Collectanea Instituti Anthropos

Volume 48 2016

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Frauke Sachse The Expression of Christian Concepts in Colonial K’iche’ Missionary Texts S. 93-116

„… only be identified if sufficient contextual information is available or if the semantic referent for …” „… information in the missionary sources. Unless such a term is attested with its original semantic referent in …” „… meaning may have changed.Table 1: Translations of the term ‘hipócrita’ in Basseta ([1698] 2005: fol. 88 …”

Otto Zwartjes Colonial Missionaries’ Translation Concepts and Practices: Semantics and Grammar S. 43-76

„… which are not strictly ‘grammatical’. Some authors preferred to give information related to prosody …” „… , music, singing, rhetorical figures, geographical information, the numerical system, etc. On the other …” „… Bergaño (1695–1747) and Iuan Roxo Mexía de Ocón (b. 1602 – fl. 1648).5 Additional information related to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783985721733

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