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Yayun Yang - The Implementation Mechanisms of the Principle of Gender Equality in the Labour Market in the EU

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Yayun Yang

The Implementation Mechanisms of the Principle of Gender Equality in the Labour Market in the EU

Series: Arbeitsrechtliche Schriften

Volume 5 2022

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Chapter 1 The Adversarial Mechanism: from Individual Complaints to Collective-based Remedies S. 28-109

„… Way: Individual ComplaintsIntroductionTraditionally, when a job-seeker or an employee feels they have …” „… The Adversarial Mechanism: from Individual Complaints to Collective-based RemediesIntroductory …” „… adversarial: only the individual victims of gender discrimination are entitled to make a complaint before the …”

Introduction S. 21-27

„… principle of gender equality nearer to reality nearer? The traditional way is the individual complaint. For …” „… individual-based complaint mechanism has certain advantages in providing relief for individual victims, there are …” „… traditional individual-based complaint, focusing on the burden of proof, evidence, justifications, and …”

Index S. 395-412

„… – individual complaint 23– telework 24– work-life balance 24income 343indirect discrimination– a considerable …” „… , 52individual complaints– burden of proof 29individual justice 358individual-based complaint …” „… 331adversarial mechanism– class action 28– collective-based remedies 28, 106– individual …”

Conclusion S. 353-358

„… individual-based complaint. In the EU, the rule of the transfer of the burden of proof was developed by the ECJ and …” „… collective-based complaint. In my opinion, as long as the Conclusion354shortcomings of individual litigation can be …” „… rely on the traditional individual-based complaint mechanism.Secondly, affirmative action born in the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… traditional individual or collective-based complaint only has effect between the individual employee and the …” „… : from Individual Complaints to Collective-based RemediesChapter 128Introductory Remarks1 28The …” „… Traditional Way: Individual Complaints2 29Introduction2.1 29The Burden of Proof2.2 30The Rule of the Transfer …”

Chapter 5 A Sino-European Comparative Perspective: Useful Experiences for China? S. 264-352

„… the individual-based complaint are available in both the EU and the Chapter 5 A Sino-European …” „… discussed in detail later.Individual Complaints against Gender DiscriminationCause of ActionFor the sake of …” „… individual-based complaint mechanism could be to a great extent solved.First of all, this provision specifies two …”

Chapter 2 Public Procurement and Gender Quotas S. 110-195

„… the victims through complaints or lawsuits who have suffered from gender discrimination. Even if a …” „… rather than confine to individual cases. Thus, they could be more effective ways to deal with the …” „… individual victims.309 Thus, the EEOCcan be an important body to facilitate the application of affirmative …”

Chapter 4 Modern and Digital Mechanisms: Several Possibilities S. 247-263

„… contract with individual employers. Thus, teleworkers do not have to always stay in the offices or …” „… ” supported by independent experts has been create to deal with harassment complaints in the European …”

Bibliography S. 359-394

„… Agency (FADA), ‘Advice for individuals …” „… ’ www.antidiskriminierungsstelle.de/EN/AdviceForIndividuals/adviceforindividuals_node.html accessed 2 July 2020Fredman, Sandra, ‘Making Equality Effective: The Role of Proactive Measures …” „… workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding (tenth individual Directive within the meaning …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748911159

Ralph Nikol, Thomas Bernhard, Nina Schniederjahn - Transnationale Unternehmen und Nichtregierungsorganisationen im Völkerrecht

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Ralph Nikol (ed.), Thomas Bernhard (ed.), Nina Schniederjahn (ed.)

Transnationale Unternehmen und Nichtregierungsorganisationen im Völkerrecht

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Wirtschaftsrecht - Studies on International Economic Law

Volume 8 2013

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Nina Schniederjahn Access to Effective Remedies for Individuals against Corporate-Related Human Rights Violations S. 101-116

„… Commission can receive the complaints of individuals, and private or public organizations alleging the …” „… .62 On national and company level Ombudsmen that can receive complaints by individuals have been …” „… Access to Effective Remedies for Individuals against Corporate-Related Human Rights Violations Nina …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845244037

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OER Osteuropa Recht

Browse Volumes: OER Osteuropa Recht

OER Volume 58 (2012) Issue 4 ISSN Online: 2366-6730

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Sokol Sadushi Legal Norms as Objects of Constitutional Court Jurisdiction S. 38-55

„… as the sole and main object of an individual constitutional complaint. 3 Initially, the examination …” „… only in the way of final adjudication of the individual complaints for the violation of their …” „… to initiate a constitutional proceeding ; the time limit and the way how the complaint is submitted …”

doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2012-4

Thomas Pfeiffer - Rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung des Verbraucherinformationsrechts

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Thomas Pfeiffer (ed.)

Rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung des Verbraucherinformationsrechts

Series: Privatrecht - Wirtschaftsrecht - Verfahrensrecht

Volume 4 2013

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: Länderbericht Großbritannien S. 255-322

„… to access to information rights for individuals in the UK is the Freedom of Information Act 2000 …” „… operation on 1 January 2005 in relation to individual rights of access. A proactive form of publication of …” „… IC has stated that until May 2009 there had been a half million FOI requests, 11,500 complaints to …”

: Länderbericht Belgien S. 105-152

„… consumers, as well as the place where they can file a complaint against a food product, which will be …” „… . Complaints regarding consumer rights can also be addressed to this Directorate General. This is possible for …” „… information regulations I. Questions going beyond individual bases of claims 1. General considerations a …”

: Länderbericht Schweden S. 213-254

„… protection, or the personal integrity of individuals). This means that a basis of claim may be found in other …” „… consideration in every individual case and does not grant the consumer a right to the information itself but …” „… injunctions may be imposed by the responsible authority in individual cases to ensure that the requirements …”

: Länderbericht Dänemark S. 203-212

„… servants to politicians) and different kinds of sensitive information concerning individuals' health etc …” „… known or ought to have been known by the seller;« 6.5. The Consumer Complaints Act402 authorizes the …” „… complaints boards, and that such public announcements may be made by electronic means. Administrative rules …”

: Länderbericht der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika S. 387-434

„… . 3. On the one hand, individuals are presumed responsible for their own health and safety. They are …” „… are so risky and certain common consumer mistakes are so costly to individuals and the public that …” „… ) the individual consumer perspective through the provision of tools for self-protection and consumer …”

: Länderbericht Irland S. 323-386

„… or regulatory bodies operated outside of the public domain; their reports and findings in individual …” „… because of consumer complaints made to the Agency,568 or because of issues highlighted in the media. The …” „… to its consumer complaints and information phone line per annum. Rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845236339

Wolfgang Däubler, Reingard Zimmer - Arbeitsvölkerrecht

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Wolfgang Däubler (ed.), Reingard Zimmer (ed.)

Arbeitsvölkerrecht

2013

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Stefan Clauwaert, Isabelle Schömann The protection of fundamental social rights in times of crisis: A trade union battlefield S. 239-257

„… and as a last resort, (groups of) individuals may lodge a complaint to the European Court of Human …” „… complaints and using supervisory procedures and bodies within the framework of the ILO, the Council of Europe …” „… to express itself on individual cases related to austerity measures taken in signatory countries and …”

Stein Evju The European Social Charter and the International Labour Organisation – interlinks past and present S. 146-154

„… authority, both in assessing national reports and investigating collective complaints (see in III, below …” „… States that have nominated them for election; members sit in their individual capacity and are …” „… System of Collective Complaints, of November 9, 1995 (CETS 158). One of its main purposes, extending on …”

Lenia Samuel The long Way towards more Social Rights in Europe S. 135-146

„… . While the Convention makes provision for individual application to the European Court of Human Rights …” „… , the Charter has a reporting procedure and – as a real novelty – a system of complaints introduced by a …” „… Assembly. The adoption of individual recommendations by the Committee of Ministers has increased the …”

Simon Deakin From Constraining to Rebalancing: The Role of Transnational Social Rights in Shaping European Union Economic Policy S. 353-361

„… Confederation of Greek Civil Servants’ Trade Unions (ADEDY) v. Greece, Complaint No. 66/2011, Decision of 22 May …” „… was that of price stability. The ECB and the individual national central banks were given the mandate …” „… not lend directly to individual national governments or to the Union, and it was formally banned from …”

Jan Buelens The effectiveness of collective action in the light of international standards: the case of Belgium S. 311-323

„… judgement of 21 December 1981 the Court of Cassation recognised the right to strike as an individual right …” „… competent for individual conflicts between employers and employees. In response to this the employers …” „… continued, the Belgian trade unions and the ETUC submitted a collective complaint to the European Committee …”

Niklas Bruun The UN Treaty Body Strengthening Process and Fundamental Social and Labour Rights S. 97-110

„… individual communications, thereby further delaying the consideration of the complaint. “The Addis Ababa …” „… multiple nationalities shall not participate in the consideration of reports, individual complaints, or …” „… of individual communications. Furthermore it has been argued that the only reason for why the system …”

K. D. Ewing Austerity and the Importance of the ILO and the ECHR for the Progressive Development of European Labour Law: A Case Study from Greece S. 361-369

„… examination of a wide range of questions by the ILO Committee of Experts, while several complaints relating to …” „… to the Greek constitution. But there has been no reference to the CJEU, nor yet any complaint to …” „… ts/Complaints_en.asp. ILO High Level Mission The GSEE was concerned that the foregoing legal and industrial relations …”

Csilla Kollonay-Lehoczky How international standards can guarantee the right to collective bargaining S. 154-165

„… political documents emphasized the importance of the increase of the “individual and collective autonomy …” „… ”. While this phrase is in itself misleading, since individual and collective autonomy are opposites in …” „… extended and reinforced in the form of amending protocols (with special regard to the Collective Complaint …”

Antoine T.J.M. Jacobs Monism in Action. The application of the International Covenant on the Rights of the Child in the law of The Netherlands S. 125-134

„… Code) to apply the norms of international conventions and treaties in individual employment litigations …” „… complaints about the nonconcordance with art. 7 of the UN Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural rights …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845249216

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