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Jonas Frank - Decentralization in Ecuador

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Jonas Frank

Decentralization in Ecuador

2007

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Indigenous People S. 231-233

„… , explain this break from the past. Another social group – the indigenous people – also sought to break from …” „… that a change in position rules was possible.5.6. Indigenous PeopleThe indigenous people51 were the …” „… descentralización” (Carrión 1996b), the dilemma for indigenous people was that their claims challenged the …”

Stakeholders in Central Government S. 227-231

„… the past. Another social group – the indigenous people – also sought to break from the past that have …” „… position rules was possible.5.6. Indigenous PeopleThe indigenous people51 were the group that had both the …” „… by the World Bank.51 The notion of “people” (or pueblo) is contested and contains one of the claims …”

Conclusion S. 233-237

„… remarkable electoral success in 1996 when about 20 indigenous people were elected mayors in a total of 200 …” „… any attempt to implement “autodeterminación.”The role indigenous people played is symptomatic of this …” „… municipalities. This was a milestone for the indigenous movement with regard to decentralization. Indigenous …”

Actors, Interests, and the Collective Choice Arena S. 209-213

„… (indigenous people), because there was an agreement among a wider group of stakeholders (State Modernization …” „… . They are, in particular: (i) the indigenous people;(ii) a new role for the Guayas province;(iii) the …” „… Provincial Planning Councils and CONAM.Central government had expanded its functions.Indigenous people and …”

Ideological Deadlock: the Symbol of “Autonomía” S. 290-291

„… providing incentives for the winners to leave their current position: indigenous people, the middle classes …” „… they can engage in the game and restrain the winners? • Indigenous people: this group is still not …”

The Sub-game and Equilibrium among Municipalities and Provincial Councils S. 237-248

„… 18:02:3627.06.2007 18:02:3240indigenous people who also disapproved of “provincial autonomy,”14 it was the military …” „… indigenous people who had brought about regime change and had ousted President Mahuad on January 21, 2000. On …” „… the position of the indigenous people, refer to: El Universo, Martes 12 de diciembre, “Lluco: Habrá …”

The Partial Decentralization Equilibrium (1997-2003): New Incentives for the Winners? S. 288-290

„… position: indigenous people, the middle classes and business groups. Though actors with overlapping …” „… ? • Indigenous people: this group is still not convinced, nor fully informed, about the benefi ts and costs of …” „… adoption of new functions, increasing tax effort and being accountable to the people. External actors have …”

Actors, Institutions, and Incentives for Decentralization: Experiencing Real-Life Games S. 31-33

„… health and education. They knew their time had come. I also talked with indigenous people and their …” „… traditional indigenous authorities and organizations for the fi rst time in 500 years. The fact that Bolivia’s …” „… the Andean highlands and the coastal lowlands. More than 70 civic groups and more than 1,000 people …”

Partial Decentralization Equilibrium S. 263-266

„… discuss each of them separately.Indigenous people are currently strong actors from a political point of …” „… . In the domestic arena, there are three candidates that could potentially have a role: indigenous …” „… people, middle classes, and business groups. Though these actors have overlapping memberships, I will …”

Crisis Theories S. 44-51

„… , charismatic and rational legitimacy (Weber 1976). Indigenous people, whose government rests on traditional …” „… actors, as in the case of indigenous people. The opportunity to initiate reform during crisis, however …” „… ; Fuhr 1998b). Political crisis emerged because people regarded central governments as increasingly …”

Veto-Players and Implementation S. 296-297

„… technocrats, legislators and indigenous people, mayors and labor unions have all had their own reasons for not …”

The “Why” of Decentralization S. 103-104

„… , indigenous people and presidents, fi nance ministers and regional governors, all have interests in this …”

Conclusion S. 157-161

„… protested the unpaid wages. Indigenous people had begun to block the Panamericana highway for days on end …” „… : New Rules, Old Players– Actor Equilibrium Three, 1979 to 1987 –In April 1982 people took to the …”

Social and Cultural Theories S. 55-59

„… the marginalization of indigenous people in national politics (Burki, Perry and Dillinger 1999, p.9 …” „… , p.72).Besides the purely economic aspect, people in poor and isolated regions claim that, with a …” „… infl uences people’s minds, but the argument that it ultimately accounts for the transfer of power does …”

Non-cooperative Equilibrium: 1925-1948 S. 125-127

„… rivaled civilian governments; labor unions challenged industrialists; indigenous people with aristocrats …”

Volatility and Short-term Incentives S. 297-299

„… . Veto-Players and ImplementationPresidents and technocrats, legislators and indigenous people, mayors and labor …”

The “How” of Decentralization S. 104-108

„… important actors are excluded in this analysis: labor unions, business groups, technocrats, indigenous …” „… people and the military, and they are all important players in this process. In a fl uid political …”

The “Why” and the “How” of Decentralization S. 27-30

„… incentives explain a great deal about why decentralization occurs. Legislators and labor unions, indigenous …” „… people and presidents, fi nance ministers and regional governors are the real protagonists of …”

Individual Actor-Level S. 72-76

„… competitiveness. Regionalist movements expect autonomous decision-making and indigenous people seek cultural …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… ........................................................ 2275.6. Indigenous People …”

Actors, Incentives and the Sequencing of Decentralization S. 99-103

„… or to avoid it altogether. Legislators and regional movements, indigenous people and presidents, fi …”

Public Choice S. 39-44

„… themselves. Decentralization in Bolivia, a process that started in 1994, strengthened indigenous communities …” „… because people regarded central governments as increasingly corrupt, ineffi cient and non-democratic …”

The Explanatory Framework and its Principal Elements S. 65-72

„… decision-making and indigenous people seek cultural self-determination. The key question is whether, and in what …” „… interests change or because other people and groups infl uence them. Importantly, decentralization is a game …”

Summary S. 19-26

„… explain a great deal about why decentralization occurs. Legislators and labor unions, indigenous people …”

Institutions in a Newly Democratizing Unitary State S. 161-172

„… were lifted. Public servants protested the unpaid wages. Indigenous people had begun to block the …” „… April 1982 people took to the streets. This was not how they had imagined the return to democracy. They …” „… formalized the handing over of power to the people. In the referendum, people had voted for a unicameral …”

The New Role for Guayas Province S. 213-222

„… regarding state organization, fi scal and economic issues, indigenous people, popular participation, among …” „… , one thousand people participated in the discussions; seventy government institutions were involved …”

Emergence of a Decentralized State: 1830-1924 S. 110-125

„… ; labor unions challenged industrialists; indigenous people with aristocrats;27 and the highlands versus …” „… Representation by population favored the highlands were 80 percent of the people lived. Refer to Table B.1.1 and …”

Collective- Choice Level S. 76-99

„… people in different places and communication concerning this can be diffi cult. Secondly …” „… mayors, legislators and regional governors, indigenous leaders as well as business groups have to deal …” „… the preferences of the people, the higher the incentives to secession as an exit from the collective …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203904

Alexandra Tomaselli - Indigenous Peoples and their Right to Political Participation

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Alexandra Tomaselli

Indigenous Peoples and their Right to Political Participation

Series: Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie Bozen, Bereich »Minderheiten und Autonomien«

Volume 30 2016

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Self-determination and Indigenous Peoples S. 61-174

„… 61 2. Self-determination and Indigenous Peoples 2.1 The debated concept of and right to …” „… to present the set of problems that arise when approaching indigenous peoples’ right to …” „… Indigenous Peoples 62 minorities or indigenous peoples. The content and the implications of the right to …”

Indigenous Peoples in International Law S. 31-60

„… 31 1. Indigenous Peoples in International Law The International Labour Organization (ILO) and the …” „… United Nations have contributed to establishing an international corpus iuris of indigenous peoples …” „… rights. In particular, the adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP …”

One expression of the multi-faceted Right to Self-Determination of Indigenous Peoples: The Composite Right to Political Participation S. 175-260

„… 175 3. One expression of the multi-faceted Right to Self-Determination of Indigenous Peoples: The …” „… Right to Political Participation of Indigenous Peoples 176 making process. In addition, art.11 …” „… . The Composite Right to Political Participation of Indigenous Peoples 178 of the other ICCPR …”

The peculiar Latin American context: Regional protection of indigenous rights and Indigenous movements S. 261-294

„… 1809 in Quito (Ecuador), indigenous peoples in Latin America likely did not imagine that their …” „… indigena in America Latina, p.16. 1090 Rodolfo Stavenhagen, “Indigenous Peoples and the State in Latin …” „… arguments on the existence of indigenous peoples and mestizos with the sole aim of obtaining more deputies …”

Introduction S. 21-30

„… improve the political participation of indigenous peoples.1 However, no international instrument …” „… explicitly recognizes this right for indigenous peoples. The ICCPR enshrines the “political rights” (or …” „… self-government.4 Minorities and indigenous peoples share many difficulties in having a guaranteed right to …”

Selected Bibliography S. 521-558

„… International Law: Towards Theorization of the Concept of Indigenous Peoples/National Minority?”, 19(4 …” „… of Indigenous Peoples in Latin America”, Pace International Law Review Online Companion, 2010, pp …” „… .44-104. Akermark Sia Spiliopoulou, “The World Bank and Indigenous Peoples”, in Nazila Ghanea and …”

Conclusions S. 507-520

„… peoples, identified its recognition in international human and indigenous rights law, and explored its …” „… applications of the right to self-determination of indigenous peoples? 4. How is this right recognized and …” „… to self-determination of indigenous peoples. However, a set of problems arise when tackling this …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… Indigenous Peoples and their Right to Political Participation Alexandra Tomaselli International …” „… Indigenous Peoples and their Right to Political Participation International Law Standards and their …” „… ) 978-3-8452-6878-1 (ePDF) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tomaselli, Alexandra Indigenous Peoples …”

The Chilean case S. 385-506

„… of the composite right to political participation of indigenous peoples proposed in chapter 3 in the …” „… constitutional recognition to the indigenous peoples that live within its borders. Thus, indigenous peoples in …” „… Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries” (hereinafter, ILO Convention 169). This prompted a …”

The Bolivian case S. 295-384

„… right to political participation of indigenous peoples proposed in chapter 3 at the domestic level in …” „… changes have been adopted in Bolivia. As mentioned in the Introduction, indigenous peoples in Bolivia are …” „… rights that enable indigenous peoples to exercise the proposed composite right to political …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845268781

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Lucas Savino

Decolonizing Patagonia

2022

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Indigenous Peoples and the State S. 21-50

doi.org/10.5771/9781793630223

Europäisches Zentrum für Föderalismus-Forschung Tübingen (EZFF) - Jahrbuch des Föderalismus 2022

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Europäisches Zentrum für Föderalismus-Forschung Tübingen (EZFF) (ed.)

Jahrbuch des Föderalismus 2022

2022

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Jean-Rémi Carbonneau, Rémi Léger, Nicolas Houde Justin Trudeau and the Multinational State: Québec, Indigenous Peoples, and the Canadian francophonie S. 423-438

„… Kanada 423 Justin Trudeau and the Multinational State: Québec, Indigenous Peoples, and the …” „… in healthcare, a renewed relationship with Indigenous Peoples, the introduction of a carbon pricing …” „… ), even though this statement paradoxically seemed to betray his commitments to Indigenous peoples (Gagnon …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Philipp Adorf Justin Trudeau and the Multinational State: Québec, Indigenous Peoples, and the Canadian …” „… the conversation to the people 120 Timo Peters/Florian Ziegenbalg Austria in the Conference on the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748936732

Murray Lee Eiland - Patenting Traditional Medicine

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Murray Lee Eiland

Patenting Traditional Medicine

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 2 2009

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Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples S. 12-13

„… an objective. 3. Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples The Draft United Nations …” „… declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples of 199424 also covers TK. Article 12 states: Indigenous …” „… indigenous peoples. See http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/E.CN.4.SUB.2.RES.1994.45 …”

The Convention on Biological Diversity S. 11-12

„… Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS 18-22 (1997). 12 …” „… objective. 3. Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples The Draft United Nations declaration on the …” „… rights of indigenous peoples of 199424 also covers TK. Article 12 states: Indigenous peoples have the …”

TRADE SECRET PROTECTION S. 37-38

„… obtained, involves financial investment that may constitute an obstacle for indigenous peoples. In …” „… institutionalised: institutions to safeguard trade secrets of indigenous and local peoples are either weak or …” „… indigenous groups possess. In contrast, a patent could be owned by a group that may be unable to market a …”

PROSPECTING AGREEMENTS S. 32-34

„… area both the government and indigenous peoples will assist the company in collection. Merck will …” „… remedies is strictly guarded, in this case all groups living in the Amazonian area – indigenous peoples …” „… indigenous communities and the other half went to the local government.135 Not all observers were pleased …”

WIPO Model Provisions S. 10-11

„… Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS 18-22 (1997). …” „… many indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles on biological resources, and the …” „… indigenous and local communities. However, TK from either source is considered equivalent. The use of the …”

Traditional Knowledge: A Certain Term? S. 13

„… the indigenous peoples. The document leaves open the issue of how to define ‘indigenous.’ While the …” „… ‘indigenous’ language and, most importantly, (3) whether it has been and will remain part of TK that can then …” „… dominant, western legal concepts. See Angela R. Riley, Straight Stealing: Towards an Indigenous System of …”

IP Laws and Traditional Knowledge S. 13

„… the indigenous peoples. The document leaves open the issue of how to define ‘indigenous.’ While the …” „… ‘indigenous’ language and, most importantly, (3) whether it has been and will remain part of TK that can then …” „… dominant, western legal concepts. See Angela R. Riley, Straight Stealing: Towards an Indigenous System of …”

The Controversy S. 8-9

„… Lester I. Yano, Protection of the Ethnobiological Knowledge of Indigenous Peoples, 41 U.C.L.A. L. REV …” „… undetermined group of people.7 The main question that emerges is feasibility. Are patents suitable for …” „… Norman Farnsworth in 1982. 5 See Jack Kloppenburg Jr., No Hunting! Biodiversity, Indigenous Rights, and …”

CONCLUSION S. 44-48

„… property. In contrast, the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples established that indigenous …” „… peoples themselves held these rights. This difficult to implement goal is far from realized. Yet patents …” „… that would preserve all cultural manifestations of an indigenous community. No one would suggest that …”

DISCLOSURE OF ORIGIN S. 30-31

„… can be resolved (a complicated assumption), a fundamental issue arises in control. Local indigenous …” „… alienate one interest group or another, such as industry, intellectual property experts, and indigenous …” „… for Amazonian Peoples and Their Environment, the USPTO re-examined the patent because previous …”

Novelty S. 17-20

„… Plant Genetic Resources Developed by Indigenous Peoples of the NAFTA States: Domestic Legislation …” „… . & LITIG. 17 (1995). 69 See Michael J. Huft, Indigenous Peoples and Drug Discovery Research: A Question of …” „… Gelvina Rodriguez Stevenson, Trade Secrets: The Secret to Protecting Indigenous Ethnological (Medicinal …”

Fair Use S. 29-30

„… controlling access by dis- 114 See Thomas J. Krumenacher, Protection for Indigenous Peoples and their …” „… group of people and used by another select group it would be a self-pollinating system. One option …” „… indigenous communities are not likely to have the skills required to manage a database by themselves. They …”

PATENT PROTECTION S. 14

„… the care of indigenous peoples as ‘wild’ or ‘primitive.’ Until recently, little attention was paid to …” „… to Intellectual Property in Indigenous Communities, 18 CARDOZO ARTS & ENT. L.J. 179 (2000). …”

GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS S. 35

„… INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: A SOURCE BOOK (1994). …” „… indication.145 A more relevant example, used to protect indigenous products, is American Indian arts and …”

Databases S. 27-29

„… Indigenous Peoples and their Traditional Knowledge: Would a Registry System Reduce the Misappropriation of …” „… Digital Library to protect indigenous knowledge http://www.scidev.net/News …” „… were simply produced by a small group of people and used by another select group it would be a …”

Joint Invention S. 20-21

„… Michael J. Huft, Indigenous Peoples and Drug Discovery Research: A Question of Intellectual Property …” „… known to an indigenous group living in the US, a patent would be barred on the grounds that it was …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… Biological Diversity 11 3. Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 12 4. Traditional Knowledge: A …”

Patent Law S. 40-42

„… capable of industrial application.” The Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China168 did not …” „… People’s Republic of China, adopted at the 4th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National …” „… People’s Congress on March 12, 1984; amended in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845214993

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