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Hilke Thiedemann - Judicial Independence

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Hilke Thiedemann

Judicial Independence

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 22 2007

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 447-463

„… Independence:The Contemporary Debate, Dordrecht 1985, Chapter 33, S. 393-402.- Judges on Trial, A Study of the …” „… 447LiteraturverzeichnisAbraham, Henry J., „The Pillars and Politics of Judicial Independence in the …” „… United States”, in:Russell, Peter H. / O’Brien, David M. (Hrsg.), Judicial Independence in the Age of …”

Berichte / Dokumente / Interviews S. 464-465

„… Judicial Independence].International Commission of Jurists, South Africa: Attacks on Justice 2000 …” „… of Detainees: Study on the Independence and Impartiality of the Judiciary, Jurorsand Assessors and …” „… the Independence of Lawyers, UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1985/18.Gemeinsame Presseerklärung des Deutschen …”

Gesicherte Amtszeit (security of tenure) S. 292-314

„… MinimumStandards of judicial Independence in Nr. 15 a): „The position of judges, their independence,their security …” „… . 232. Die UN Basic Principles on theIndependence of the Judiciary verlangen dementsprechend: „The term …” „… of office of judges,their independence, security, adequate remuneration, conditions of service …”

Zwischenergebnis S. 290-292

„… MinimumStandards of judicial Independence in Nr. 15 a): „The position of judges, their independence,their security …” „… . 232. Die UN Basic Principles on theIndependence of the Judiciary verlangen dementsprechend: „The term …” „… of office of judges,their independence, security, adequate remuneration, conditions of service …”

Verantwortlichkeit für richterliches Fehlverhalten S. 332-363

„… exekutiven oder der legislativen Gewalt, siehe UN-Report on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers in SA, S …” „… , siehe Howie, Judicial Independence, in: SALJ 120(2003), S. 679 (682). Ein unerlaubter Eingriff in die …” „… . Zivilrechtliche VerantwortlichkeitEach [judge] should be able to do his work in complete independence and free …”

Summary S. 435-442

„… 435SummaryThis thesis analyses the constitutional guarantee of judicial independence and …” „… independence under common law and continental law, followed by a brief introduction to theSouth African legal …” „… the guarantee of judicial independence in practice in part (C.) This part issubdivided into …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber der Exekutive S. 134-238

„… Rädler, Independence and Impartiality of Judges, in: Weissbrodt/Wolfrum, S. 727(729).563 Dieser alte …” „… Schlüsselkriterien findet sich in den UN Basic Principleson the Independence of the Judiciary; vgl. Rädler, in …” „… launched on the Executiveby some judges coweing behind judicial independence“, siehe Budget Vote Address …”

Richterliche Unabhängigkeit und Unparteilichkeit S. 86-92

„… andthe Human Rights of Detainees: Study on the Independence and Impartiality of the Judiciary, Jurors and …” „… Assessors and the Independence of Lawyers, UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1985/18, No. 80.320 Universal Declaration of …” „… International Bar Association erarbeitet328. Die Universal Declaration on the Independence of Justice von1983 …”

Angemessenheit unterschiedlicher Grade richterlicher Unabhängigkeit innerhalb eines Systems? S. 427-431

„… independence that call for such appointments to be made“.1874 Eine unterschiedliche Stellung leitet das Gericht …” „… ), Abschn. 25 und 27: „Judicial independence can be achieved in a variety of ways; the‚most rigorous and …” „… elaborate conditions of judicial independence’ need not be applied to allcourts, and it is permissible for …”

Anhang: Guidelines for Judges of South Africa S. 443-446

„… uphold the independence of the judiciary and the authority of thecourts, and should maintain an …” „… independence of mind in the performance of judicialduties. A judge should also take all reasonable steps to …” „… independence of the judiciary when considering a request to perform nonjudicial functions for or on behalf of …”

Ethische Verhaltensstandards S. 92-94

„… werden. Während die UNBasic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary sich in erster Linie an …” „… body presentsan appearance of independence.” [Hervorhebung d. Verf.].356 Justice must not only be done …” „… of law and conduct whichbind the judge“.360 Neben den Werten Independence und Impartiality werden …”

Verfassungsrecht S. 96-104

„… toensure the independence, impartiality, dignity, accessibility and effectiveness of the courts.373 Im …” „… Substantive bzw. functional independence. Teilweise wird auch der Begriff der Entscheidungsunabhängigkeit …” „… (decisional independence) gebraucht, vgl. Rautenbach/Malherbe, Constitutional Law, S. 232.99sachliche …”

Arbeitsbedingungen S. 314-332

„… muß. Die UN Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary verlangen entsprechend eine …” „… of office of judges, their independence, security, adequateremuneration, conditions of service …” „… BasicPrinciples on the Independence of the Judiciary verlangen dementsprechend dieAbsicherung einer angemessenen …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber nichtstaatlichen, gesellschaftlichen und parteipolitischen Einflüssen S. 270-290

„… , throughlegislative and other measures, must assist and protect the courts to ensure the independence,impartiality …” „… Institution schädigten,siehe das Zitat im UN-Report on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers in SA, S. 11Nr …” „… Standards of Judicial Independence: „The press shouldshow restraint in publications on pending cases where …”

Abstrakte Sicherungen der Unparteilichkeit und Neutralität des Richters S. 371-399

„… Verantwortlichkeit (propriety, independence, integrity, impartiality, competence, diligence, equality and …” „… . 1 der Guidelines for Judges of South Africa: „A judge should uphold the independence of the …” „… judiciary and the authority of the courts, and should maintain an independence ofmind in the performance of …”

Presseberichte S. 466-467

„… : Independence of the Judiciary, Administration of Justice, Impunity (2002), 58th session, Doc. No. E/CN …” „… . 2.‚Erosion of judges – independence would undermine freedom itself’, von Raymond Louw, in:Sunday …” „… : SundayTimes 11. 7. 2004.‚Judicial independence is ‚protected’’, in: Sunday Times vom 19. 4. 2005. …”

Zusammenfassung: Konzepte richterlicher Unabhängigkeit S. 132-133

„… BasicPrinciples on the Independence of the Judiciary sieht lediglich vor, daß das Prinzip in derVerfassung eines …” „… waren, vgl.Stevens, Judicial Independence in England, in: Russell/O’Brien, S. 155 ff. …”

Sicherungen der Unabhängigkeit der richterlichen Entscheidung im staatlichen Gesamtgefüge S. 415-421

„… : „it must be kept in mind […] that judicial independence is an evolving concept”.416in Südafrika ein …” „… Unabhängigkeit (independence) und der Unparteilichkeit (impartiality) der Richter. Letztere, der Aspekt der …” „… Ausgleichszwischen richterlicher Unabhängigkeit (judicial independence) und richterlicherVerantwortlichkeit (judicial …”

Prägung des Richters durch gesellschaftliche Einflüsse S. 365-371

„… , Independence and Impartiality of Judges, in: Weissbrodt/Wolfrum, S. 727 (730).1668 Vgl. Papier, in: NJW 2001 …” „… Justice and the Human Righs of Detainees: Study onthe Independence and Impartiality of the Judiciary …” „… , Jurors and Assessors and the Independence of Lawyers, UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1985/18.368I. Prägung des …”

Auswirkungen internationaler Standards auf das nationale Recht S. 94-96

„… Rapporteur Param Cumaraswamy, Independence andImpartiality of the Judiciary, Jurors and Assessors and the …” „… Independence of Lawyers, UNDoc. E/CN.4/1995/39, Abschn. 34; vgl. Rädler, in: Weissbrodt/Wolfrum, S. 727.366 …”

Fragestellung und aktueller Anlaß des Vergleichs S. 25-29

„… Vorhandensein einer unabhängigen Judikative ist eine der11 Siehe UN-Report on the Independence of Judges and …” „… des Report on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers (2002).27Vertreter der Politikwissenschaft werfen …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber der Judikative S. 250-270

„… Vorherbestimmung deszuständigen Richters. Die UN Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciarybestimmen …” „… staatsanwaltlichen Anklageermessens ein Unabhängigkeitselement, siehe UN-Report on the Independence of Judges and …” „… Association Minimum Standards of Judicial Independence verlangen darüber hinaus, daßdie Verteilung der …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… , BloemfonteinHilke ThiedemannJudicial IndependenceEine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchungder Sicherung unabhängiger …”

Historische Entwicklung der richterlichen Unabhängigkeit S. 38-44

„… richterlichen Unabhängigkeitim englischen Sprachgebrauch, judicial independence, weiterer Präzisierung …” „… Independence in England, in: Russell/O’Brien, S. 155 (158 f.).63 Schulze-Fielitz, in: Dreier, GG, Bd. III, Art …”

Terminologie S. 36-38

„… Sprachgebrauch, judicial independence, weiterer Präzisierung. DieserBegriff erfaßt nicht nur die Unabhängigkeit …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber der Legislative S. 238-250

„… bürgerliche und politische Rechte sowie Prinzip Nr. 3 der UN Basic Principles on the Independence of the …” „… Judiciary); siehe UN-Report on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers in SA, S. 4.1144 Hierzu ist ein …”

Bindung an Präjudizien S. 117-120

„… weiteren Ansatzes in bezug auf die Gesetzesauslegung, vgl. Stevens, Judicial Independence in England,in …”

Balance zwischen richterlicher Unabhängigkeit und richterlicher Verantwortlichkeit S. 421-425

„… (judicial independence) und richterlicherVerantwortlichkeit (judicial accountability) die neu geschaffene …”

Richterbild und „Rechtsstil“ S. 61-85

„… protected by law and whose independence is a major source of the security andwell-being of the state”.206 …” „… UN-Report on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers (2001), S. 25 Nr. 88.224 Siehe Kahn, in: SALJ 115 (1998 …” „… , siehe den Report of the Special Rapporteur on theIndependence of Judges and Lawyers in South Africa, S …”

Bindung an das Gesetz S. 113-117

„… Gesetzesauslegung, vgl. Stevens, Judicial Independence in England,in: Russell/O’Brien, S. 155 ff.; siehe für …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204048

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Eric Van Young

Stormy Passage

2022

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The Tempest Arrives: Independence S. 103-176

„… , named after insurgent leader Father José María Morelos y Pavón). A group of independence-minded Creole …” „… 103PART IIThe Tempest Arrives: Independence105Chapter 5The Storm BreaksShould the Mexican struggle …” „… for independence (1810–1821) be viewed as the end of the colonial period or the beginning of …”

Colonial Twilight S. 1-102

„… after inde-pendence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, a view for which there is much to be said. The …” „… question of decolonization is obviously a corollary to the inde-pendence = modernization equation, and in …” „… overall baseline, it is clear that the decade of the independence struggle, followed by the political …”

For Further Reading S. 317-332

„… Aztecs to Independence. Translated by Albert G. Bork with the assistance of Kathryn R. Bork. Austin …” „… Mexican Nobility at Independence, 1780–1826. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1976.Lozano Armendares …” „… : Harbinger of Provincial Autonomy, Independence, and Federalism. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1992 …”

Inventing Independent Mexico S. 177-308

„… that a Mexican political class developed quickly during and immedi-ately after the independence …” „… independence struggle in 1808 if not earlier, particularly after the issue of autonomy within a refurbished …” „… Spanish Empire had tilted in favor of absolute independence. It was easier to tear down, or at least opt …”

Preface

„… : Mexico--History--Spanish colony, 1540-1810. | Mexico--History--Wars of Independence, 1810-1821. | Mexico--History …” „… Stress, Efforts at Reform 69PART II: THE TEMPEST ARRIVES: INDEPENDENCE 103Chapter 5: The Storm Breaks …” „… 105Chapter 6: Who Were the Rebels? 141Chapter 7: The Consummation of Independence 163PART III …”

Conclusion S. 309-316

„… that independence, the very act that pulled New Spain away from Old Spain, tore down the …” „… formal patterns of hierarchy and barriers of exclusion disappeared with independence or shortly …” „… with independence and the accompanying political changes. I have already mentioned that this paved the …”

Index S. 333-348

„… , as hailing from, 128, 167, 301;Historia de Méjico, as author of, 26, 128, 232;on the independence …” „… ;monarchical rule, acceptance of, 209–10;neocolonialism, 10, 173, 313;post-independence economy, effect of …” „… , 304conquest of Mexico, 4, 42, 85, 250;independence from Cuba, establishing, 161–62;Mexican properties …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442209039

Europäisches Zentrum für Föderalismus-Forschung Tübingen - Jahrbuch des Föderalismus 2014

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Europäisches Zentrum für Föderalismus-Forschung Tübingen (ed.)

Jahrbuch des Föderalismus 2014

Series: Jahrbuch des Föderalismus

Volume 2014

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Charlie Jeffery Scottish Independence: The Terms of the Debate S. 379-386

„… series regularly engaged with the Scottish Government’s vision of independence-as-partnership, generally …” „… independence-aspartnership and the presentation of an alternative ‘real’ independence as what would await Scotland in the …” „… Scottish Government’s vision of independence-as-partnership was intended to signal reassurance, through …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Nagel Scottish Independence: The Terms of the Debate 379 Charlie Jeffery 6. AUSSEREUROPÄISCHE …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845257600

Mark Schelker - Making Auditors Effective

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Mark Schelker

Making Auditors Effective

Series: Neue Studien zur Politischen Ökonomie

Volume 4 2008

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Auditor independence S. 120-123

„… beginning of a mandate as well as with theories suggesting problems associated with diminishing independence …” „… . Section 2 introduces corporate auditors and discusses problems associated with auditor independence and …” „… concludes. 2. Auditor Independence and Mandatory Auditor Rotation The agency problem between the owners …”

Factors determining auditor effectiveness: Independence and scope of audits S. 24-28

„… auditor effectiveness: Independence and scope of audits The available theoretical insights and the …” „… independence is not trivial at all. Furthermore, not all auditors conduct the same audits. Most of them conduct …” „… independence conditional on the selection mechanism and (2) performance audits on government performance …”

Conceptual problems when analyzing official fiscal data S. 31-34

„… independence using official fiscal data has some major drawbacks. First of all, the influence of more effective …” „… independence might have an influence on the extent to which creative accounting practices are tolerated. In …” „… focusing on the influence of auditor independence using official fiscal data might be seriously biased. Due …”

Mandatory auditor rotation: The main pros and cons S. 123-124

„… Proposals to improve auditor independence In order to strengthen auditor independence several proposals have …” „… . Mayhew and Pike 2004). In order to enhance auditor independence the Sarbanes-Oxley Act made some progress …” „… rotation: Mandatory auditor rotation is a much debated approach to enhance independence. Such provisions …”

Empirical evidence S. 124-126

„… independence, which reduces agency problems and increases the credibility of financial reports. From this …” „… perspective mandatory rotation enhances auditor independence because managers cannot directly threaten …” „… rotation increases independence. Furthermore, it is sometimes suggested that extended clientauditor …”

Summary S. 137-140

„… chapter focuses on traditional public auditing regimes and addresses the influence of auditor independence …” „… conjecture is that the degree of independence influences the leeway of policymakers. If the auditor is …” „… the legislature. We test several hypotheses on auditor independence and the scope of the audit mandate …”

Introduction S. 119-120

„… firms’ management who is providing the information. However, the lack of auditor independence was one of …” „… for improved auditor independence. In the United States these developments resulted in the ‘Public …” „… rotation argue that long term relationships between auditors and their clients impede auditor independence …”

Introduction S. 17-20

„… factors seem to be essential: auditor independence, the scope and timing of audits, and how and when the …” „… addressed empirically in this book. We study the influence of auditor independence by analyzing the impact …” „… independence needs to be addressed. In addition to standard financial audits evaluating whether financial …”

Refined hypotheses S. 29-31

„… impact of auditor independence using official fiscal data has some major drawbacks. First of all, the …” „… independence might have an influence on the extent to which creative accounting practices are tolerated. In …” „… focusing on the influence of auditor independence using official fiscal data might be seriously biased. Due …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… . Factors determining auditor effectiveness: Independence and scope of audits …” „… ......................................................................................................24 2.2.1 Auditor independence: Election vs. appointment of auditors................25 2.2.2 …” „… ...................................................................................................119 2. Auditor Independence and Mandatory Auditor Rotation .............................120 2.1 …”

US state auditors S. 127-129

„… sector, the scarce literature on public auditing focuses much on auditor independence. Without an …” „… . Since it is often argued that longer auditor terms impede independence – the main argument for auditor …” „… institution, the mechanism could preserve audit expertise without impeding independence. However, reelection …”

Are fiscal variables adequate? S. 91-92

„… , data accuracy might be correlated with auditor independence. Such a correlation makes valid inference …” „… almost impossible. However, in this project we are not focusing on auditor independence, because all …” „… . Even more important is that we do not observe institutional variation in auditor independence across …”

Analogies between the corporate and the public sector S. 126-127

„… positively on auditor independence. Church and Zhang (2006) address the problem of mandatory auditor rotation …” „… independence. However, the results are sensitive “[…] to the rotation period, start-up costs, the costs …” „… auditor independence. Furthermore, there are serious caveats due to selection bias and endogeneity that …”

The two datasets S. 87-91

„… variation in auditor independence across municipalities (local auditors are always directly elected by the …” „… with auditor independence. Such a correlation makes valid inference almost impossible. However, in …” „… this project we are not focusing on auditor independence, because all auditors are directly elected by …”

Agency problems, auditors, and transparency S. 22-24

„… 22 audit as well as several other specific features that might impact on auditor independence or …” „… effectiveness: Independence and scope of audits The available theoretical insights and the empirical evidence …” „… strong ties to the appointing agents. Therefore, the question of auditor independence is not trivial at …”

References S. 143-152

„… 143References Acemoglu, Daron and Miles B. Gietzmann (1997): Auditor Independence, Incomplete …” „… ):487-516 Antle, Rick (1984): Auditor Independence. Journal of Accounting Research 22 (1): 1-20 Arel …” „… and Judicial Independence: Cross-Country Evidence Using a New Set of Indicators. European Journal of …”

Summary and Conclusion S. 134-136

„… lack of independence in extended auditor-client relationships. Since we cannot precisely determine the …” „… discuss these provisions and review the available evidence on various aspects of auditor independence …” „… proponents argue that auditor rotation is an important mechanism to secure auditor independence because the …”

Summary and Conclusion S. 61-64

„… considerations suggest that auditor independence is important in order to reduce the risk of collusion between …” „… variables are not entirely adequate to analyze the impact of auditor independence, because auditor …” „… independence is most certainly directly correlated with the quality of the reported data. If auditors are not …”

Empirical evidence on auditor tenure and mandatory auditor rotation S. 129-133

„… inefficiencies due to lower independence as well as towards benefits from more expertise. Therefore, we also …” „… dwindling independence. Hence, we expect a quadratic relationship between term length and auditor …” „… ratings. Short auditor terms might reduce auditor expertise, while long auditor terms impede independence …”

The basic hypotheses S. 28-29

„… commissions because such involvement could create conflicts of interest and reduce independence, or whether a …” „… hypotheses The theoretical arguments suggest that auditor independence is a crucial feature to ensure the …”

Introduction S. 21-22

„… important. The ‘Lima declaration’ of the INTOSAI underlines the importance of auditor independence and …” „… specific features that might impact on auditor independence or its efforts to trace inefficiencies. We …”

Discussion and implications S. 133-134

„… expertise, while long auditor terms impede independence. Unfortunately, we cannot precisely identify the …” „… proponents who fear a lack of independence in extended auditor-client relationships. Since we cannot …”

Election S. 112-114

„… Mandates We have previously argued that auditor independence is crucial in our setting. If auditors become …” „… auditor independence and provide different incentives for auditors and regular policymakers. According to …”

Institutional design of local auditors in Switzerland S. 80-84

„… that auditor independence is strong and the selection of individuals in the finance commissions is …” „… ) ? Right to advance alternative propositions 3. Independence ? Independently elected by the citizens (not …”

‘Quantifying’ auditor influence S. 84-85

„… ) ? Right to advance alternative propositions 3. Independence ? Independently elected by the citizens (not …”

Alternative approaches S. 34-36

„… . Because the influence of auditor independence and performance audits cannot be clearly extracted from …”

A crucial asymmetry S. 67-69

„… . Section 6 studies several institutional features that should help to improve auditor independence. Based …”

Introduction S. 65-67

„… institutional features that should help to improve auditor independence. Based on these theoretical discussions …”

Swiss federal structures and institutions S. 85-87

„… - 38 Since there is no institutional variation in auditor independence across municipalities (local …”

Empirical results S. 94-112

„… argued that auditor independence is crucial in our setting. If auditors become more influential, they …” „… independence and provide different incentives for auditors and regular policymakers. According to the …”

Alternative empirical approaches S. 53-61

„… . Theoretical considerations suggest that auditor independence is important in order to reduce the risk of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845208510

Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann, Vagelis Papakonstantinou, Gerrit Hornung, Paul De Hert - General Data Protection Regulation

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Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann (ed.), Vagelis Papakonstantinou (ed.), Gerrit Hornung (ed.), Paul De Hert (ed.)

General Data Protection Regulation

2023

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Art. 52 Independence András Jóri S. 863-872

„… “independent authorities” and do not use the term “complete independence”.Art. 28 para. 1 DPD set out that …” „… III. AnalysisComplete independence (functional independence)Complete independence and its elements …” „… organizational independence).In Commission v Hungary,12 the Court added a further requirement, that of personal …”

Art. 69 Independence Stephanie Schiedermair S. 991-992

„… exert significant influence over the Board.30Art. 69Independence1. The Board shall act independently …” „… not bound by instructions in performing its activities, including its reporting.1 The independence of …” „… . 8 para. 3 EU CFR and Art. 16 para. 2 sub-para. 1 sentence 2 TFEU).2 Although the independence of the …”

Art. 54 Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority Eva Souhrada-Kirchmayer S. 877-879

„… nature of the SAs, in particular, the requirement that they act with complete independence.Para. 1 lit. f …” „… period where that is necessary to protect the independence of the supervisory authority by means of a …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17I. IntroductionArt. 54 para. 1 is inextricably linked to the concept of independence of SAs. It …”

Art. 70 Tasks of the Board Stephanie Schiedermair S. 993-998

„… key aspect of independence.Tasks of the Board Art. 70Stephanie Schiedermair 993456(a) monitor and …” „… Art. 52 para. 2 GDPR defines the independence of the members of the SAs as meaning that they are …” „… substantive independence of the Board. The Board is, however, obliged to comply with requests made by the Comm …”

Art. 39 Tasks of the data protection officer Stefan Drewes and Sebastian Bretthauer S. 730-735

„… independence.Due to a contractual regulation with external DPOs the area of responsibility of a DPO can be extended …” „… independence is undermined. Attorneys are obliged, e.g., to safeguard the interests of their client, while at …” „… the same time demonstrating independence in their advice.24 They advise a company or authority …”

Art. 75 Secretariat Stephanie Schiedermair S. 1004-1006

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4I. IntroductionIn light of the need for independence and efficiency of the EDPB, Art. 75 GDPR …” „… of staff of the Austrian SA, as well as its budget and the way both may affect its independence in …” „… European Commission v Republic of Austria.4 First, it held that independence could be prejudiced, in light …”

Art. 63 Consistency mechanism Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 927-937

„… has no equal in European Law. The European legislator decides to affect the independence of the …” „… the end does not infringe the independence. In the end, this restriction can be justified with the …” „… mn. 1.Consistency mechanism Art. 63Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann 929345of comparable independence of …”

Art. 51 Supervisory authority Eva Souhrada-Kirchmayer S. 858-862

„… to perform their tasks and exercise their powers with complete independence, is an essential …” „… authorities as well as the private controllers and processors.The independence of SAs should not mean that …” „… independence, effective powers, an advisory role in the legislation making process and the ability to set …”

Art. 53 General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority Eva Souhrada-Kirchmayer S. 873-876

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9I. IntroductionArt. 53 GDPR is aimed at enhancing independence of SAs by clarifying the …” „… guaranteeing independence of SAs and their members. Art. 53 is strongly linked to Art. 54 GDPR, demanding …” „… Art. 53Eva Souhrada-Kirchmayer 8731As will be analysed below in more detail, independence of the SAs …”

Art. 38 Position of the data protection officer Stefan Drewes and Sebastian Bretthauer S. 725-729

„… datenschutzrechtlicher Verantwortung’, ZD 2015, 503; B. Treacy and J. Wright, ‘Belgian SA challenges the independence of …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5III. Independence when exercising tasks (para. 3 …” „… independence.2B. Specific considerationsI. Involvement of the DPO (para. 1)It is crucial that the controller …”

Art. 67 Exchange of information Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 983-985

„… makes use of its power, but could also refrain from doing so in order to ensure their independence (→ mn …” „… independence of the supervisory authorities guaranteed by primary law (Art. 8 para. 3 CFR).10 However, the EDPB …” „… independence, these are binding for the Comm; in addition, the EDPB or the supervisory authorities can …”

Art. 55 Competence Eva Souhrada-Kirchmayer S. 880-883

„… into conflict with the independence of the SA, European legal provisions of the GDPR take …” „… is to ensure that the independence is apparently not subsequently called into doubt.The rules for the …” „… exemption as necessary in order to safeguard the independence of the judiciary in the performance of its …”

Art. 41 Monitoring of approved codes of conduct Alexander Roßnagel and Philipp Richter S. 750-756

„… that body has:a) demonstrated its independence and expertise in relation to the subject-matter of the …” „… applying body needs to have “demonstrated its independence and expertise in relation to the subject matter …” „… independence, the monitoring body needs to provide proof that it is not directed by anybody and that it has …”

Index S. 1169-1211

„… seq., 59– independence 41 15– information 40 27, 29– infringement; execution; enforcement 41 22 …” „… 16 4, 13Complete independence 52 1 et seq.Compliance 5 141, 144, 32 39 et seq., 39 11, 42 17, 90 18 …” „… – independence 38 10– independence of DPO 38 1, 10, 27, 39 2– inform (obligation to) 39 10– inform and advise …”

Art. 4(21) Supervisory authority Sebastian Bretthauer S. 242-243

„… on the need for independence of supervisory authorities on several occasions.12 Thus, the …” „… characteristic of independence excludes any influence – whether of a governmental or private nature – on the …” „… supervisory authority.13 Likewise, it is a violation of independence if the supervisory authority is subject …”

Art. 64 Opinion of the Board Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 938-958

„… independence of the supervisory authorities (→ Art. 52 mn. 3). The supervisory authorities continue to …” „… request an opinion is an expression and important element of the independence of the supervisory …” „… least questionable from the perspective of independence,41 as it gives the Comm, as an institution not …”

Art. 43 Certification bodies Irene Kamara S. 767-774

„… accredited in accordance with that paragraph only where they have:(a) demonstrated their independence and …” „… certification bodies would themselves be ‘certified’ for their expertise, independence, competence to carry out …” „… accreditation under the GDPR. Those requirements relate to: (a) the independence of the certification body and …”

Art. 59 Activity reports Eva Souhrada-Kirchmayer S. 901-903

„… independence.1The purpose is, among other things, to make the work of the authority transparent. The report …” „… sufficient.5There is no violation of the independence of the SA due to the obligation to make it available to …”

Art. 23 Restrictions Alexander Dix S. 543-563

„… and taxation a matters, public health and social security;(f) the protection of judicial independence …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226. Judicial independence and proceedings (Art. 23 para. 1 lit. f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 …” „… contained in the UK Data Protection Act 2018 (→ mn. 10).Judicial independence and proceedings (Art. 23 para …”

Art. 57 Tasks Eva Souhrada-Kirchmayer S. 889-893

„… . However, Art. 57 does not address the question of how these tasks shall be performed. The Independence of …” „… perform the tasks assigned to them in complete independence. However, there was no catalogue of tasks …”

Art. 65 Dispute resolution by the Board Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 959-974

„… themselves first (→ Art. 60 mn. 5 et seq.). This also upholds the independence of the supervisory authorities …” „… with regard to voting rights – and thus shares their independence. In the end, a part of an …” „… numerous tight time limits illustrate. At the same time, it is intended to preserve the independence of the …”

Art. 4(8) Processor András Jóri S. 186-188

„… level of independence from the controller: while employees are part of the entity, contractors or sole …”

Art. 45 Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision Peter Schantz S. 785-802

„… tasks do not endanger its independence. This could arise in two cases: first, if the SA is exposed to …” „… particular not E.O. 12333.129 Finally, the CJEU questioned the independence of the Ombudsperson as he or she …” „… independence with regard to dismissal or revocation.130Not mentioned by the CJEU, but also unclear, is whether …”

Art. 46 Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards Peter Schantz S. 803-822

„… , E.O. 14086 contains special guarantees on the independence of both, CLPO and DPRC, and clarifies their …” „… Privacy Shield successor: On the independence and effective powers of the DPRC’, iapp, 11.10.2022 …” „… , https://iapp.org/news/a/the-redress-mechanism-in-the-privacy-shield-successor-on-the-independence-and-effective-powers-of-the-dprc/; Lejeune, CR 2022, 775 (782 et seq.). Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards Art. 46Peter …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Art. 51 858Independence …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Art. 68 986Independence …”

Art. 6(1)(f) Opinion and market research in the age of Big Data Domingos Farinho S. 340-344

„… exclusive use or not of scientific independence and purpose. If, e.g., scientific research is subordinated …”

Art. 62 Joint operations of supervisory authorities Vagelis Papakonstatinou S. 922-926

„… case. However. this formulation may in practice affect SA’s independence (see Art. 52). Because any …”

Art. 56 Competence of the lead supervisory authority Eva Souhrada-Kirchmayer S. 884-888

„… judicial authority" and the associated requirement of the independence of a German public prosecutor …”

Art. 84 Penalties Olivia Tambou S. 1064-1069

„… independence of the SAs, Member States would have to introduce some appropriate safeguards.49 This could …”

Art. 78 Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority Olivia Tambou S. 1017-1022

„… examine, with complete independence, whether the transfer of that data complies with the requirements …”

Art. 91 Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations Achim Seifert S. 1128-1135

„… , para. 25, the independence of national SAs requires inter alia that they remain free “of the influence …”

Art. 66 Urgency procedure Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 975-982

„… the independence of the supervisory authorities. However, they are free to take the regular route via …”

Art. 37 Designation of the data protection officer Stefan Drewes and Sebastian Bretthauer S. 714-724

„… independent judicial authorities. This exception was introduced to ensure the independence of courts. They are …”

Art. 4(7) Controller András Jóri S. 175-185

„… significant level of independence, for example in deciding what information to use and how to use it”, and b …”

Art. 83 General conditions for imposing administrative fines Olivia Tambou S. 1051-1063

„… bodies, such as the guarantee of independence or the establishment of procedures for periodic reviews and …”

Introduction S. 1-76

„… exercise its duties in “complete independence” (Art. 1(3) of the Additional Protocol). The Council of …”

Art. 35 Data protection impact assessment Jens Ambrock and Moritz Karg S. 687-705

„… independence and sufficient resources, the professional qualifications of the actors must also be guaranteed.95 …”

Art. 2 Material scope Vagelis Papakonstantinou and Paul De Hert S. 92-115

„… their independence.54 This exemption applies only when courts and judicial authorities are engaged in …”

Art. 5 Principles relating to processing of personal data Alexander Roßnagel and Philipp Richter S. 261-290

„… of marketplace location in Art. 3(2) or the principle of independence of data protection supervision …”

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