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Manfred Velden

Human-like Computers

2021

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Taking the brain for the human – a deprived view S. 71-72

„… Taking the brain for the human – a deprived view In AI speak (and think), when dealing with the …” „… physical (neural) basis of mental functions, we often read phrases in which the brain, not the human …” „… , does this and that, perceives, learns, remembers, etc. The unconscious idea behind this view appears …”

Introduction S. 9-12

„… this simplistic man-a-machine view, the whole debate about human mental functions in computers suffers …” „… processes in machines comparable to mental processes in humans, i.e. that machines can be human-like, I …” „… first thought to take typical examples of computer functions allegedly comparable to human mental …”

Index S. 125-130

„… learning – and conditioning 90, 91 – Gestalt view of 49 – Human learning vs. deep-learning 49, 92 …” „… computers-as-humans issue into the broader philosophical frame of the scientistic view that man is basically a …” „… raison d’être of human-likecomputer idea 29, 30 anthropomorphization – and belief in human-like machines …”

Human-like computers – a scientistic delusion S. 107-118

„… mechanistic-deterministic view of human nature must end like de la Mettrie, the philosopher of L’Homme Machine. The …” „… situation which must be a frustrating one for all scientists with a realistic view of the human psyche and …” „… Human-like computers – a scientistic delusion As indicated at the beginning of this book, there is …”

The Turing Test – what can it tell us? S. 65-70

„… human in a way that makes the human believe he is interacting with a human. That sounds simple, but …” „… interacting with a machine, they felt that it was a human being they were interacting with. The program even …” „… that a machine can indistinguishably behave human-like. It is actually quite understandable why, in …”

The brain is not a computer S. 55-64

„… the computer-as-human idea, with Ray Kurzweil, as so often, holding the most extreme view about the …” „… aiming to simulate the human brain by computers (Shen, 2013). It must be doubted, however, that the …” „… makes them so optimistic. In their view there is no limit to what computers can achieve. The use of the …”

A short phenomenology of mental functions S. 73-106

„… on creating human mental functions in computers will necessarily take such a simplistic view. If he …” „… “memory.” A further aspect of human philosophies or world views, which makes them inimitable is their …” „… A short phenomenology of mental functions As mentioned, the computers-as-humans debate suffers …”

AI peculiarities S. 27-34

„… , most of which we would not think of comparing, or even seeing in analogy to, human information …” „… denotes the endeavor to emulate human information processing, i.e. mental functions like, for example …” „… definition, the information processing in a machine is comparable to the one happening in humans. It is kind …”

The biological basis of mental functions S. 43-52

„… also from a naive view of our knowledge about the neural structures underlying those processes …” „… . Attempts to create human-like functions in machines often starting with the idea to mimic those structures …” „… on emulating human perceptual processes should be well advised not to start at the level of complex …”

Whole fields of science gone away S. 13-26

„… doubts the heliocentric view. But in science, where one might think that rational thought should finally …” „… use for human mental traits cannot be satisfied due to the lack of experimental control. The …” „… characterizes the field which is the topic of this book, the attempts to create human-like computers. As …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Taking the brain for the human – a deprived view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 A short …” „… HUMAN-LIKE COMPUTERS A LESSON IN ABSURDITY MANFRED VELDEN Manfred Velden Human-like Computers A …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Human-like computers – a belief system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The …”

doi.org/10.24894/978-3-7965-4526-9

Oliver C. Ruppel, Christian Roschmann, Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting - Climate Change: International Law and Global Governance

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Oliver C. Ruppel (ed.), Christian Roschmann (ed.), Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting (ed.)

Climate Change: International Law and Global Governance

2013

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Margaux J. Hall, David C. Weiss Climate Change Adaptation and Human Rights: An Equitable View S. 261-298

„… 7Climate Change Adaptation and Human Rights:An Equitable View*Margaux J. Hall & David C. WeissNo …” „… Change Adaptation and Human Rights: An Equitable View263So far, however, discussions of climate change …” „… Change Adaptation and Human Rights: An Equitable View265projects of climate change adaptation. Section C …”

Jaap Spier Legal Strategies to Come to Grips with Climate Change S. 121-152

„… hierarchy of human rights.74 Thesame court subscribes to the view that torture is never allowed: not even …” „… means that people accept massive and unnecessary human suffering and try to compensate forthe losses …” „… Now?According to the prevailing view among climate change scientists, climatechange poses a very serious threat …”

Christian Roschmann Climate Change and Human Rights S. 201-242

„… a further step, with a view to human rights, thesubmission also examines the existing legal regime …” „… Human Rights Reports 10 (2003) 275.103 This view is also specifically asserted in the jurisprudence of …” „… PART II:CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMANRIGHTS5Climate Change and Human RightsChristian RoschmannHomines …”

Stefanie Ricarda Roos Climate Change and Human Rights: What Follows for Corporate Human Rights Responsibility? S. 299-322

„… increasingly being assessed from a human rights point of view.1 This holds particularly true for its normative …” „… 8Climate Change and Human Rights: What Follows for CorporateHuman Rights Responsibility?Stefanie …” „… Ricarda RoosAbstractAlthough climate change and human rights are increasingly important issuesof corporate …”

Hennie A. Strydom Some Perspectives on Global Governance, Judicial Review and Climate Change S. 685-710

„… should add the following important views of theInter-American Court of Human Rights –49[M]odern human …” „… , the article then addresses the view thatsees a remedy in the systemic linkages between climate change …” „… special challenges inherent in global governancestructures.9 But there is also the view that there is no …”

Gerhard Kemp Climate Change, Global Governance and International Criminal Justice S. 711-740

„… human conduct. To the extent that such human conduct is harmful to theenvironment, thus causing or …” „… response to the phenomenon of climate change caused by human conduct. The crimes againsthumanity group of …” „… crimes are informed by those violations that affect oursensibilities and characteristics as human beings …”

Johan Hattingh Whose Climate, which Ethics? On the Foundations of Climate Change Law S. 95-120

„… andsubsistence respectively. In his view of the nature of human rights, Caneyemphasises in the first place that …” „… justice, a discourse of human rights can be used inwhich climate change is depicted as a major threat to …” „… the human right to life,the human right to health, and the human right to subsistence. In this …”

Roda Verheyen, Cathrin Zengerling International Climate Change Cases S. 759-804

„… Protocol, the Inter-American Commission on HumanRights, the International Centre for Settlement of …” „… whether and to what extent these bodies can set their objective marker with a view to protecting the …” „… filed by the Inuit to theInter-American Commission on Human Rights (IAComHR) in 20052 isconsidered a …”

Oliver C. Ruppel Intersections of Law and Cooperative Global Climate Governance – Challenges in the Anthropocene S. 27-94

„… future. On the one hand, as a matterof law, the human rights of individuals need to be viewed in terms of …” „… . Intersections can be found between environmental law, human rights law, the law of the sea and world trade law …” „… ’ of planet earth seems rather clear in that constantly growing human and industrial activities have …”

Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting, Sonia Human Climate Change and Children’s Rights: An International Law Perspective S. 349-378

„… , Sonia Human & Oliver C. RuppelAbstractThis article sheds light on the legal structures available to …” „… , health, and human settlements will affect those most who havecontributed least to its cause and who have …” „… Ruppel-Schlichting, Sonia Human & Oliver C. Ruppel350How Climate Change may affect ChildrenChildren are particularly …”

Noriko Okubo Climate Change Litigation: A Global Tendency S. 741-758

„… governmental decisionmaking, company behaviour and public awareness.Climate Change and Human RightsThe modern …” „… human rights system can be traced back to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the …” „… United Nations on 10 December1948. Since then, human rights have been developing through treaties, suchas …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… G. Pillay5Climate Change Adaptation and Human Rights: An EquitableView7261Margaux J. Hall & David C …” „… Structures ofa New Area of Law4153Hans-Joachim KochCLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN RIGHTSPART II:Climate Change and …” „… Human Rights5 203Christian RoschmannEconomic, Social and Cultural Rights and Climate Change6 243Ariranga …”

Yemi Oke International Climate Law and Mining Regulation – Perspectives from Developing Countries S. 899-932

„… actuallyundermine rather than support efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.49 Edis and others are of the view …” „… redefine the relationshipbetween human advancement and environmental sustainability, by ensuring that …” „… wejoin, in a collective effort, to reduce the conflict between human development andenvironmental …”

Yukari Takamura Climate Change and Small Island Claims in the Pacific S. 657-684

„… states. Such a variety of possible injuries to their territory,human life and properties could open a …” „… human rights bodies: the Inuit fileda petition against the United States with the Inter-American …” „… Commission ofHuman Rights of the Organization of American States, asserting that theUnited States had …”

Patricia Kameri-Mbote Climate Change and Gender Justice: International Policy and Legal Responses S. 323-348

„… effects of climate change on human societies are less understood, andboth policy and research on …” „… monetary poverty represents only a partial view of the problem of poverty as it is experienced bythe poor.8 …” „… opportunities is limited.9From a human development perspective, a poor person lacks basic capabilities and …”

Guifang (Julia) Xue Climate Change Challenges and the Law of the Sea Responses S. 547-592

„… of the Sea ResponsesGuifang (Julia) XueAbstractAs one of the most pressing issues confronting human …” „… attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters thecomposition of the global atmosphere and …” „… environment and humans, such as assisting in recycling the nutrients, protecting shores from the impact of …”

Eliamani I. Laltaika, Joy Faida Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: What is the Role of Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge? S. 957-978

„… Traditional Knowledge?Eliamani I. Laltaika & Joy Faida As human activity caused the problemso too can human …” „… AbstractClimate change has been described as the leading human and environmentalthreat of the 21st century …” „… . Premised on the traditional role of intellectualproperty law, namely to encourage human inventiveness …”

Ariranga G. Pillay Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Climate Change S. 243-260

„… measures(mitigation or adaptation policies) to address climate change are discussed.International human rights …” „… attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphereand …” „… clarifies that the legal climate change framework addresseschanges in climate caused by humans. The most …”

Oliver C. Ruppel, Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting Climate Change, Human Security and Regional Integration: The Example of the Southern African Development Community S. 505-546

„… 14Climate Change, Human Security and Regional Integration: TheExample of the Southern African …” „… , human security and regional integration in theSADC.IntroductionThe SADC region is home to a large number …” „… factors are related to the encompassing concept of human security, which is severely affected by the …”

Markus W. Gehring, Jarrod Hepburn Climate, Trade and Investment Law in the Global Green Economy S. 379-418

„… economic growth,enhancing social inclusion, improving human welfare and creating opportunities for …” „… within thisexception, the governmental purchases must not be “with a view to commercial resale or with a …” „… view to use in the production of goods for commercial sale”.5 The Panel added in this respect that the …”

Collins Odote Public Interest Litigation and Climate Change – An Example from Kenya S. 805-830

„… of the fundamental human rights to which every Kenyanis entitled. Its inclusion in the Bill of Rights …” „… other human rights, go to court whether it is theirright or the right of anybody else that has been …” „… address the strictures that have in the past hindered public interest litigation.Litigation of human …”

Jan Glazewski Legal and Regulatory Aspects of Carbon Capture and Storage: A Developed and Developing Country Perspective S. 933-956

„… driving further human-induced climatechange. Depending on geological circumstances, the storage sites can …” „… to the environment or human health. All of these, and other legal issues, are touchedon …” „… view, the reason why no effectiveclimate change legal regime has been agreed on.Jan Glazewski936This …”

Ivo Appel Limitations of Risk Law S. 867-898

„… problems and limitations of legal risk regulation.Risk as a Central Concept of LawSociety's view of itself …” „… , in view of the lack of conclusive evidence available for damage predictions, it has been clearly …” „… substances,situations, interrelations or processes does not provide any standards or criteria as to which risks to human …”

Clive Schofield Holding Back the Waves? Sea-level Rise and Maritime Claims S. 593-614

„… founded.DefendThere has been a long history of human effort to protect valuable parts ofthe coastline and thus, often …” „… been outlined. Whilephysical intervention with a view to stabilising or fixing coastlines andbaselines …” „… change. The Small Island Developing States (SIDS) havecontributed least to the human-induced climate …”

Navraj Singh Ghaleigh Two Stories about EU Climate Change Law and Policy S. 419-462

„… , human-induced climate change is at its most basic level an externality. Those who produceGHG emissions are …” „… Human Environment, 16 June1972, available at …” „… of the human environmentis a major issue which affects the well-being of people and economic …”

Hans-Joachim Koch Climate Change Law: Objectives, Instruments and Structures of a New Area of Law S. 153-200

„… & Schulze-Fielitz(2009:15); for a still cautious view, Schlacke (2010:121), with a useful overview ofthe diversity …” „… market. With a view to land-use conflicts and the need to safeguard natureconservation interests under …” „… an in-depth view see SRU (2008a:para. 109ff.).Hans-Joachim Koch158launched an energy efficiency …”

Gerd Winter Climate Engineering and International Law: Final Exit or the End of Humanity? S. 979-1012

„… precautionary principle acknowledges that human behaviour is capable of destroying the environment, and advises …” „… Convention –39… shall take appropriate measures … to protect human health and the environment against adverse …” „… effects resulting or likely to result from human activitieswhich modify or are likely to modify the ozone …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845242781

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Julia Gebhard

Necessity or Nuisance?

Series: Recht und Gesellschaft - Law and Society

Volume 9 2018

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Part Three: Perception of the Value of Human Rights Law from the View of Practitioners S. 233-254

„… Perception of the Value of Human Rights Law fromthe View of PractitionersPerceptions of Human …” „… parts of human rights law are at best rudimentarily used.761It also demonstrated the dangers and …” „… understand what drives the actual practical application of human rightslaw or the lack thereof, how the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Case-Law AnalysisChapter Four: 228Perception of the Value of Human Rights Law from theView of …” „… Necessity or Nuisance?Julia GebhardRecourse to Human Rights in Substantive International Criminal …” „… BUT_Gebhard_4427-5.indd 2 17.01.18 15:14Julia GebhardNecessity or Nuisance?Recourse to Human Rights in …”

Part One: The Relationship between International Criminal Law and Human Rights S. 29-82

„… The Relationship between International Criminal Lawand Human RightsIntroductionThe relationship …” „… between substantive international criminal law and hu-man rights is, despite the continuously academic and …” „… individual’s human rights, the States’ role is also to protectand fulfil the right, meaning to facilitate and …”

Conclusion S. 255-264

„… diametri-cally opposite views on the relation between human rights law and inter-national criminal law.The …” „… between human rights law andsubstantive international criminal law in terms of de lege lata and dogmat-ic …” „… of human rights law and its use by practitioners ofinternational criminal law and what shapes this …”

Part Two: How are Different Areas of Human Rights Law Referred to in International Criminal Jurisprudence? S. 83-232

„… arguments from a hu-man rights point of view, the Appeal Chamber does not explain why thesame arguments …” „… How are Different Areas of Human Rights LawReferred to in International Criminal Jurisprudence?Part …” „… Two of this book deals with three different areas of human rights andtheir use in international …”

Bibliography S. 267-296

„… Mittelalterund Neuzeit (2nd edn Siebeck Mohr Tübingen 1913) 341.African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights …” „… Act (1789) 28 USC § 1350.American Convention on Human Rights (signed 22 November 1969, entered into …” „… the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms’(signed 4 November 1950, entered into force 3 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845286440

Julia Iliopoulos-Strangas, Vasco Pereira da Silva, Michael Potacs - Der Beitritt der Europäischen Union zur EMRK - The Accession of the European Union to the ECHR - L'adhésion de l'Union Européenne à la CEDH

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Julia Iliopoulos-Strangas (ed.), Vasco Pereira da Silva (ed.), Michael Potacs (ed.)

Der Beitritt der Europäischen Union zur EMRK - The Accession of the European Union to the ECHR - L'adhésion de l'Union Européenne à la CEDH

Series: Societas Iuris Publici Europaei (SIPE)

Volume 8 2013

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Ricardo Passos The Protection of Fundamental Rights in Europe before and after the Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights: A View from the European Parliament S. 125-158

„… to the European Convention on Human Rights: A View from the European Parliament Ricardo Passos …” „… Council of Europe, under Law and Policy of Human Rights. A View from the European Parliament 134 and the …” „… Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms"1. It also held that, within a period of five years, the Union …”

Sergio Bartole The Adhesion of the European Union to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: the Italian Perspective S. 193-200

„… human rights; but those judges have to elaborate their jurisprudence in view of the purpose of …” „… The Adhesion of the European Union to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights …” „… derive from the increasing significance of human rights’ principles in national, international and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… the accession issue through the point of view of the European Court of Human Rights. On the second …” „… before and after the Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights: A View …” „… before and after the Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights”. The …”

Ana Maria Guerra Martins Portuguese Perspective on the Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights S. 201-226

„… A Portuguese Perspective on the Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human …” „… Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms (hereafter ECHR) for Portugal. We will firstly focus on the …” „… European Human Rights Law and European Union law, with special emphasis, on the one hand, on the …”

Patrick Birkinshaw How European Union Developments in Human Rights’ Protection are changing and will change the context of Human Rights’ Protection within the United Kingdom S. 241-274

„… How European Union Developments in Human Rights’ Protection are changing and will change the …” „… context of Human Rights’ Protection within the United Kingdom Patrick Birkinshaw* Introduction In the …” „… law protect human rights. The chapter will deal with the protection of human rights before and after …”

Sofia Oliveira Pais The Protection of Fundamental Rights in Europe before and after the Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights – Some Questions concerning the Legal Impact of the Charter of Fundamental Rights S. 95-106

„… to the European Convention on Human Rights – Some Questions concerning the Legal Impact of the …” „… Convention on Human Rights. So, my first question is about the added value, arising from the fact that the …” „… Union (EU) to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845248721

Hans Ulrich Lessing, Rudolf A. Makkreel, Riccardo Pozzo - Recent Contributions to Dilthey's Philosophy of the Human Sciences

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Hans Ulrich Lessing (ed.), Rudolf A. Makkreel (ed.), Riccardo Pozzo (ed.)

Recent Contributions to Dilthey's Philosophy of the Human Sciences

Series: problemata

Volume 2011

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Benjamin D. Crowe Hermeneutic Rationality and Religion S. 157-176

„… human sciences. The import of this view is thathermeneutic rationality is not something that emerges …” „… ‹, which, on his view, differ innotable ways from the mathematical natural sciences, hitherto viewed as …” „… when he developed this view, but thatDilthey’s views might indeed be relevant to developing his …”

Annette Hilt An Ethos of Human Inscrutability and Eccentricity: From Dilthey’s Critique of Historical Reason to Plessner’s Philosophical Anthropology S. 35-58

„… the human pointof view from which his own nature, including natural and cultural surrounding,18 …” „… its multiple world-views butalso towards the eccentricity of human nature that has to be dealt with in …” „… world-views but also towards the eccentricity of human nature.This can never be totally captured in its …”

Rudolf A. Makkreel The Continuing Relevance and Generative Nature of Dilthey’s Thought S. 17-32

„… interpretation and the human sciences in thetwenty-first century, it is important to consider both the wide scope …” „… context that frames not onlyall natural inquiry, but also all human spiritual strivings and historical …” „… goal asa broadening of the critical project that would ground the human sciences asKant had grounded …”

Jared A. Millson Context and Creation:The Significance of Kant’s Third Critique to Dilthey’s Hermeneutics of History S. 83-104

„… Human Studies. Princeton, New Jersey1975.4 KGS XX, 207–208; KGS V, 175.84its own a priori principle, and …” „… present a systematic view of nature thatnevertheless agrees with the categories necessary for experience …” „… all human subjects,Kant attributes to aesthetic judgments a »subjective universality«. 14He further …”

Theodore Kisiel Heidegger Reads Dilthey on the Enactment of Christian Heilsgeschichte S. 177-200

„… cosmological categories of Greek philosophy, whichtends to view the human soul as a microcosmos analogous to …” „… of man, human being as a whole, the whole of (human) life, lifeas a structured context lived as a …” „… the way in which reality is given to human beingsin those days. Reality is life and remains life for …”

Denis Thouard The Historiography of Hermeneutics: Some Reflections S. 241-254

„… considerations on the established view of thehistory of hermeneutics and how it has recently begun to change.We …” „… hermeneutics‹ came to be invented and what view ofthe past hermeneutics does it entail2) how the received view …” „… subsequent variations has retainedits foundational status3) how this view emphasises the theological side of …”

Eric Sean Nelson Self-Reflection, Interpretation, and Historical Life in Dilthey S. 105-134

„… , andthis-worldly rationality. This model does not suppress the heterogeneous andcontingent character of human …” „… existence. Nor does it exclude the affectiveand the bodily dimensions of human life, without which …” „… orexcluded from philosophy and the human sciences in order to celebrate purelife, intuition, or experience as …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-13

„… Recent Contributions to Dilthey’s Philosophy of the Human SciencesHans-Ulrich Lessing / Rudolf A …” „… . Makkreel /Riccardo Pozzo (Hrsg.)Recent Contributions toDilthey’s Philosophy of theHuman …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Dilthey and KantAnnette Hilt: An Ethos of Human Inscrutability and Eccentricity:From Dilthey’s …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783772830600

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