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Egbert Jahn - Nationalism in Late and Post-Communist Europe

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Egbert Jahn (ed.)

Nationalism in Late and Post-Communist Europe

2008

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Georg Elwert, Kristóf Gosztonyi Violence and ethnicity S. 109-131

„… 110 1 See Hobsbawm/ Ranger 1973. Violence and ethnicity Georg Elwert/ Kristóf Gosztonyi …” „… . 1.2 Ethnicity Ethnicity and ethno-nationalism are often presented as self-evident causes of conflict …” „… 1989. 22 Waldmann 1997; Elwert 1989; Rösel 1997. 23 In this sense, ethnicity correlates with …”

Additional bibliography S. 350-363

„… . (1988): The ethnic origins of nations, Oxford Sollors, Werner (ed.) (1996): Theories of ethnicity. A …” „… classical reader, Basingstoke et al. Thompson, Richard H. (1989): Theories of ethnicity. A critical …” „… : Nationalitäten- und Regionalprobleme in Osteuropa, Köln Balla, Bálint/ Sterbling, Anton (ed.) (1998): Ethnicity …”

Valery A. Tishkov Forget the nation: A post-nationalist understanding of nationalism or choosing the right language for human coalitions and projects S. 171-191

„… concepts and terms in the study of ethnicity8 under the auspices of the International Social Science …” „… ethnicity”.10 Most often, authors use the terms nation, nationalism, national when talking about …” „… narrow historic-determinist interpretation of ethnicity and of a nation, and Soviet and Rossian reality …”

Dmitry M. Epstein Soviet patriotism, 1985-1991 S. 200-222

„… the state to particular ethnic groups. The union government’s instrumental approach to ethnicity …” „… disappeared from ideological writings. Ethnicity was now only mentioned briefly and at the very end of the …” „… ethno-politics Ethnicity as a legal category had two dimensions in the USSR – a regional and an individual one …”

List of authors S. 364-366

„… ethnicity. Calic, Marie-Janine Professor of the History of Eastern and South Eastern Europe at the Ludwig …” „… nationalism, ethnicity and the formation of “we” groups, economic rationality of civil war parties and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-9

„… Violence and ethnicity 110 Rogers Brubaker National minorities, nationalizing states, and external …”

Rogers Brubaker National minorities, nationalizing states, and external national homelands in the new Europe S. 132-151

„… and ethnicity, not as the nation of and for ethnic Ukrainians. Were this the prevailing …” „… ” territorial national identity. See Smith 1983. In fact, of course, politicized ethnicity has flourished at …” „… (1993): Unmaking multi-ethnicity in Yugoslavia. Metamorphosis observed, in: Anthropology of East Europe …”

Marie-Janine Calic The failure of Bosnian-Herzegovian patriotism S. 288-312

„… patriotic Bosnian form of identity that did not make any reference to ethnicity and was quite obviously …” „… Bosnia-Herzegovina was considered by definition to be a poly-ethnic state. Since then, poly-ethnicity has, alongside …” „… , where people’s level of education and social background usually counted for more than their ethnicity …”

Egbert Jahn The state-transformation in the East of Europe. “Second national rebirth”. Nationalism, national movements, and the formation of nation-states in late and post-communist Europe since 1985 S. 18-80

„… of this. Belonging to an ethnic group (ethnicity) can have many levels, ranging from micro-ethnic …” „… is therefore no necessary connection between ethnicity, nationality, and citizenship. Ethnic …” „… a different ethnicity even though they may, under some circumstances, consider themselves part of …”

Egbert Jahn The significance of the failure of polyethnic and multinational states for the integration of Europe S. 313-349

„… “multi-ethnicity” of their populations.13 2 The explosive potential of ethnic and national diversity in the …” „… “Russians” and “Russian-speakers”, which is incomprehensible in many other states where ethnicity or …”

Miroslav Hroch The historical conditions of “nationalism” in Central and East European countries S. 96-108

„… , Anatoly (1995): After the USSR. Ethnicity, nationalism and politics in the Commonwealth of Independent …”

Dieter Langewiesche West European nationalism in the 19th and early 20th century S. 81-95

„… . 34). The “vitality of ethnicity" was seen by him as a “sign of the times” (p. 23). theory …”

Hans-Jürgen Puhle New nationalisms in Eastern Europe – a sixth wave? S. 152-170

„… consolidated through language, culture and religion (often jointly referred to as “ethnicity”) as well as …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845211817

Loretta E. Kim, Chengyi Zhou - The Russian Orthodox Community in Hong Kong

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Loretta E. Kim, Chengyi Zhou

The Russian Orthodox Community in Hong Kong

2021

doi.org/10.5771/9781793616746

Victoria Asaba Chege - Multidimensional Discrimination in EU Law: Sex, Race and Ethnicity

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Victoria Asaba Chege

Multidimensional Discrimination in EU Law: Sex, Race and Ethnicity

Series: Arbeits- und Sozialrecht

Volume 118 2011

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Effects of gender and ethnicity S. 130

„… 130II. Effects of gender and ethnicity The concept of ethnic minority women in Germany and the UK …” „… , pay gap, positions held at jobs and sector of employment vary by ethnicity and sex. In most instances …” „… race, ethnicity and sex. III. Intra-group differences At the same time, like in the case of the US and …”

Beyond race and sex – to ethnicity/nationality and sex? S. 131

„… this work. V. Beyond race and sex – to ethnicity/nationality and sex? In Germany, where it was possible …” „… 131women in Germany and the UK admit that ethnicity has a role to play in the religious …” „… intersections of race, ethnicity and sex. Considering this observation, it is possible that unlike in the USA …”

Need for a religious dimension? S. 130-131

„… race and sex – to ethnicity/nationality and sex? In Germany, where it was possible to have a general …” „… 130II. Effects of gender and ethnicity The concept of ethnic minority women in Germany and the UK …” „… , pay gap, positions held at jobs and sector of employment vary by ethnicity and sex. In most instances …”

Racial or ethnic origin S. 142-150

„… ethnicity, although it makes clear that the EU rejects theories based on the existence of different races.53 …” „… brings three categories – race, ethnicity and nationality – into one instrument implies closeness between …” „… these three grounds which calls for definitional interpretations and limitations. a. Race, ethnicity and …”

Intra-group differences S. 130

„… 130II. Effects of gender and ethnicity The concept of ethnic minority women in Germany and the UK …” „… , pay gap, positions held at jobs and sector of employment vary by ethnicity and sex. In most instances …” „… race, ethnicity and sex. III. Intra-group differences At the same time, like in the case of the US and …”

Reasons for disadvantage: Beyond discrimination S. 131-133

„… this work. V. Beyond race and sex – to ethnicity/nationality and sex? In Germany, where it was possible …” „… 131women in Germany and the UK admit that ethnicity has a role to play in the religious …” „… intersections of race, ethnicity and sex. Considering this observation, it is possible that unlike in the USA …”

The United Kingdom S. 113-121

„… . Employment and Ethnicity, p. 8. 174 Platt, Pay Gaps, Table 2.2, p. 7. 175 However, Indian men fare better …” „… participation rate (activity rates) Labour activity rates in the UK vary by ethnicity and sex, and ethnic …” „… Labour Market, p. 26 f.; CRE, Factfile 1. Employment and Ethnicity, p. 2. 188 CRE, Factfile 1. Employment …”

Preliminary remarks S. 129-130

„… . 28. 300 Ibid, p. 29. 130II. Effects of gender and ethnicity The concept of ethnic minority women in …” „… vocational training, pay gap, positions held at jobs and sector of employment vary by ethnicity and sex. In …” „… single-issue approach to race, ethnicity and sex. III. Intra-group differences At the same time, like in the …”

Religion or belief, disability, age, sexual orientation S. 150-155

„… above under the discussion on race, religion, race and ethnicity are treated as separate grounds in EU …” „… grounds of race, ethnicity and religion tend to be closely related. In addition, the Framework Directive …” „… debate has highlighted the relevance of sex, ethnicity and religion.110 A chance to address this issue …”

Research question S. 23-26

„… discrimination faced by women at the intersections of race, ethnicity and sex in the EU. Since the recent past …” „… certainly relevant for all persons, since basically every individual has, among others, a specific ethnicity …” „… that Romani women are particularly disadvantaged by ethnicity and sex.10 This resonates well with …”

Table of Contents S. 9-16

„… IV. Need for a religious dimension? 130 V. Beyond race and sex – to ethnicity/nationality and sex …” „… I. Preliminary remarks 129 II. Effects of gender and ethnicity 130 III. Intra-group differences 130 …” „… II. Post 2000 222 1. Age 222 2. Disability 225 3. Sexual orientation 226 4. Race and ethnicity 226 …”

Methodology S. 32-34

„… legal position of women at the intersections of race, ethnicity and sex, who have also been marginalised …” „… from legal scholars so far, although the intersections of race, ethnicity and sex are increasingly …” „… of gender with nationality, race, ethnicity, and class: The narratives of women in hotel work’, Work …”

Sex S. 136-142

„… under race and ethnicity. 137The Treaty of Amsterdam introduced Article 2 EC, which elevated sex …” „… ethnicity, religion or belief, disability, age and sexual orientation. The social provisions entailed in …” „… The Race Directive offers no definition of race or ethnicity, although it makes clear that the EU …”

Research objective S. 31-32

„… furthermore to analyse the legal position of women at the intersections of race, ethnicity and sex, who have …” „… academic attention from legal scholars so far, although the intersections of race, ethnicity and sex are …” „… of gender with nationality, race, ethnicity, and class: The narratives of women in hotel work’, Work …”

Intersectionality revisited S. 53-61

„… nationality, race, ethnicity, and class: The narratives of women in hotel work’, Work, Gender & Organization …” „… intersectionality has evolved around gender, ethnicity and migration.119 However, the term intersectionality 109 …” „… , ethnicity, race, sex, gender and migration.120 In her work on race, class and gender in theories of …”

Shortcomings and limitations S. 37-39

„… category of citizens, leading to the disappearance of their race, ethnicity and making any disadvantage …” „… Plus for Race and Ethnicity in France and Europe, Italy: European University Institute, 2008, EUI …” „… concepts of race and ethnicity in EU law. For instance, recital 8 of the Race Directive makes reference to …”

Legislative framework S. 231-250

„… 231Chapter 6 Addressing the intersections of race, ethnicity and sex in the UK and Germany A …” „… more than two grounds – i.e. as a result of the interplay of age, ethnicity and sex – that makes ethnic …” „… goods and services.60 Specifically for the UK, age, sex and ethnicity are inclined to affect women in …”

The United Kingdom (UK) S. 91-94

„… ; Commission for Racial Equality (CRE), Employment and Ethnicity (CRE Factfile 1), London: CRE, 2006. Online …” „… uk/Pubs/Research/Docs/factfile01-employment-and-ethnicity-001.pdf> (last accessed 7 May 2010); CRE, Ethnic Minority Women (CRE …” „… permit an analysis along ethnicity and gender. The gender pay gap figure itself is arrived at by taking …”

Structure S. 36-37

„… ethnicity, migration and sex.86 Besides the aforementioned methods, an assessment representing the study’s …” „… work focuses on the intersections of race, ethnicity and sex, an examination of the legislative …”

USA S. 61-76

„… the combination of their race/ethnicity and gender (e.g. Black women, White men, Latina women).’132 3 …” „… ; J. Reynosso, ‘Perspectives on the intersections of race, ethnicity, gender, and other grounds …” „… race, ethnicity, gender.’ 238 Ibid, p. 72. 239 Ibid. 240 D.L. Hutchinson, ‘Unexplainable on any other …”

Methods S. 34-36

„… decade engaged themselves with the topic, albeit mostly under such catch words as ethnicity, migration …” „… intersections of race, ethnicity and sex, an examination of the legislative development of all grounds is …”

Germany S. 89-91

„… simultaneous analysis of sex and ethnicity, race or nationality.4 The German section relies on the statistics …” „… ; Commission for Racial Equality (CRE), Employment and Ethnicity (CRE Factfile 1), London: CRE, 2006. Online …”

German courts S. 270-276

„… would have assisted the Court to conclude that an instruction to discriminate on grounds of ethnicity …” „… arising from failure to obey an instruction to discrimination on the grounds of sex, ethnicity, (and maybe …” „… pay in return. The claimant brought additive claims on the grounds of sex and ethnicity in …”

Reasons for restricted approach S. 279-291

„… intersections of race, ethnicity, gender.’ 326 Bahl v. The Law Society [2004] EWCA Civ 1070 (Court of Appeal …” „… ). 327 Reynosso, ‘Perspectives on the intersections of race, ethnicity, gender’, p. 72. 328 See generally …” „… relation to the grounds of sex, race and ethnicity, § 75 offered indeed limited attention, since race and …”

Canada S. 76-85

„… gender, ethnicity, racial origins, and place of birth intersect in income to disadvantage visible …” „… race, ethnicity, gender’; Grabham, ‘Law v Canada.’ 295 Duclos, ‘Disappearing women.’ 83single-issue …” „… intersections of race, ethnicity, gender’; Grabham, ‘Law v Canada.’ 313 S. Day and G. Brodsky, ‘Women’s economic …”

Literature S. 377-412

„… with nationality, race, ethnicity, and class: The narratives of women in hotel work’, Work, Gender …” „… Racial Equality (CRE), Employment and Ethnicity (CRE Factfile 1), London: CRE, 2006. Online. Available at …” „… ethnicity-001.pdf> (last accessed 7 May 2010). Commission for …”

Germany S. 96-113

„… discrepancy reflected in sex and ethnicity in relation to school leaving certificates and performance was …” „… role, but ethnicity too. Accordingly, 17 per cent of German women as compared to 8 per cent of German …” „… 2006.140 However, the figures are not disaggregated along the lines of nationality, ethnicity and sex …”

Exceptions S. 170-176

„… blanket of race, sex and ethnicity. In an already divided society, this approach results in a new set of …” „… their positions without any favouritism but were displaced simply because of race, gender or ethnicity …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-4

„… : Sex, Race and EthnicityNomos1. Auflage 2011© Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 2011. Printed in …”

Approach of UK Courts S. 250-256

„… on the grounds of ethnicity, sex and religion.188 However, when confronted with issues dealing with …” „… , 313-328; L. Roseberry, ‘Religion, ethnicity and gender in the Danish headscarf debate’, in Schiek and …”

The concepts and conceptions in equality law S. 326-333

„… ethnicity. Rather as far as possible, in multiple comparisons, the relevant group needs to be clearly …” „… interlocking of gender with nationality, race, ethnicity, and class: The narratives of women in hotel work …”

Conceptual structure S. 182-189

„… Review, 2005, issue no. 1, 17-21. 16 J. Reynosso, ‘Perspectives on the intersections of race, ethnicity …” „… constitute a part, varies by race, ethnicity and sex. In Germany per se, statistics and other sociological …”

Introducing a provision on multidimensionality S. 293-317

„… position of ethnic minority women at the intersections of race, ethnicity and sex has also been highlighted …” „… fragmented approaches to the grounds of sex, ethnicity and race. An examination of the EU equality law shows …” „… discrimination on the grounds of ethnicity and sex and accordingly claimed damages worth 500,000 Euro71 might be …”

Addressing inconsistencies S. 317-326

„… 317intersectional analysis of small groups (sex, sexuality, race/skin colour, ethnicity …” „… be circumvented since the dividing line between nationality, ethnicity and race is at times thin …”

Interim assessment S. 155-156

„… ethnicity.137 It is interesting to note that soft law measures on disability were more orientated towards …”

Beyond equality law – structural intersectionality at the interface of anti-discrimination law and other policies – The European Employment Strategy (EES) S. 338-347

„… assumed to be covered under the concepts of gender, race and ethnicity – or even of minorities (it is …” „… notable that the Guidelines have no defined concept of race or ethnicity or minorities).314 Alternatively …”

Nationality provisions S. 135-136

„… under race and ethnicity. …”

Annex S. 413-416

„… evening schools. Table 3 Vocational training qualifications, ethnicity and sex Origin Vocational training …”

Pre 2000 S. 220-222

„… were not brought up. Likewise, the interaction of race, ethnicity, sex, and migrant status could have …”

Growth of grounds and multidimensionality S. 26-28

„… grounds of race and ethnicity, religion or belief, disability, age and sexual orientation made their way …”

Possible reasons for the lack of attention S. 226-228

„… and ethnicity So far, there has been only one case on racism before the ECJ. The case concerns a …”

Ethnic minority women S. 39-41

„… the lack of a definition of the concepts of race and ethnicity in EU law. For instance, recital 8 of …”

Evaluation and conclusion S. 85-88

„… intersections of race, ethnicity, gender’; Grabham, ‘Law v Canada.’ 313 S. Day and G. Brodsky, ‘Women’s economic …”

Legislative framework S. 276-279

„… pay in return. The claimant brought additive claims on the grounds of sex and ethnicity in …”

Provisions on multidimensionality S. 179-182

„… Review, 2005, issue no. 1, 17-21. 16 J. Reynosso, ‘Perspectives on the intersections of race, ethnicity …”

The inconsistent levels of protection S. 189-205

„… . Guerrier, ‘The interlocking of gender with nationality, race, ethnicity, and class: The narratives of women …” „… Race Directive on the intersections of religion, ethnicity and nationality has also been expounded upon …”

Post 2000 S. 222-226

„… these cases involves intersectional claims though. 4. Race and ethnicity So far, there has been only one …”

External barriers S. 124-129

„… , Factfile 1. Employment and Ethnicity, p. 10 with further references. 126‘ethnic penalty’.268 Hence, from …”

Conclusion and final theses S. 349-376

„… ethnicity alone will not address the situation of migrant women (35.4 per cent) whose performance is lower …” „… ethnicity might be as relevant in the EU as the interplay of race (to mean colour) and sex. Furthermore …”

Enforcement S. 205-217

„… of race, ethnicity, gender’, p. 72. 211 B. Areheart, ‘Intersectionality revisted. Why Congress should …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845227825

Walter D. Kamphoefner - Germans in America

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Walter D. Kamphoefner

Germans in America

2021

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12 Into the Twilight of Ethnicity S. 263-276

„… 12Into the Twilight of EthnicityGerman Americans since World War IThe intolerance and xenophobia …” „… Washington into the twilight of ethnicity 265County, Texas, Klansmen used anonymous threats, beatings, and …” „… Milwaukee into the twilight of ethnicity 267with English as a second language. Until Pearl Harbor, Missouri …”

A Note on Sources S. 277-286

„… anthology edited by Wolfgang Helbich and Walter D. Kamp-hoefner, German-American Immigration and Ethnicity …” „… Frontier City (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976); Stanley Nadel, Little Germany: Ethnicity …” „… Sphere: The German Catholic Milieu in America,” in German-American Immigration and Ethnicity, eds …”

About the Author S. 301-302

„… immigration and ethnicity, with articles appear-ing in four languages and nine more authored or coedited books …” „… matters of immigration and ethnicity. …”

Introduction S. 1-8

„… in the twilight of German ethnicity, Fredericksburg’s district is still represented in the Texas …” „… chapter traces the long twilight of ethnicity over the last hundred years.The initial chapter documents a …” „… . At long last the sun is setting on the twilight of Ger-man ethnicity in America.This book is an …”

9 Race, Culture, and Politics in the Late Nineteenth Century S. 209-228

„… : Two men were fined $3 each for “beating up a Negro boy”; their ethnicity is quite apparent from their …” „… , ethnicity played a more significant role, especially with Republican Edward Salomon in Civil War Wisconsin …” „… children to thirty-nine each for Germans and Irish Catholics. In the third generation, when ethnicity began …”

11 The German-American Experience in World War I S. 243-262

„… Prager’s eth-nicity, his socialist sympathies had made him a target. But it was not until the twenty-first …” „… century that anyone remarked upon the obvious German ethnicity of the lynch mob’s ringleader Joseph Riegel …” „… i 245into World War I, it meant they had quickly shed their ethnicity and immersed themselves in …”

8 German Political and Military Roles in the Civil War Era S. 183-208

„… rates.Information on the ethnicity of soldiers was compiled by B. A. Gould of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, who then …” „… on ethnicity. Further evidence of resistance was the number of the Corps killed and wounded in the …” „… . Halleck was a conserva-tive Unionist suspicious of abolitionists, regardless of ethnicity. But he himself …”

Preface

„… German-American Experience in World War I 24312 Into the Twilight of Ethnicity: German Americans since World War …”

1 Before the Great Flood S. 9-24

„… Switzerland. It is clear that they were united more by religious identity than by ethnicity. But the family op …” „… that mass immigration resumed in the 1830s, most colonial Germans, unless their ethnicity was …”

7 Women’s Roles and Women’s Work S. 165-182

„… the Irishmen’s wives were in fact the second generation of the same ethnicity. So when this is taken …” „… women observes, “German-American women held ethnicity over gender by following their men in their …”

6 German Niches in the American Economy S. 137-164

„… access to the immigrant expertise 160 chapter 6they needed. German ethnicity also provided access to a …” „… even knew the German language. But in this instance, Ger-man ethnicity was practically irrelevant to …”

5 The German-Language Press and German Culture in America S. 107-136

„… before the Great War. Both the size of the read-ership and the ethnicity of the content began to dwindle …”

4 Religion, Education,and Interethnic Relations S. 75-106

„… always trump ethnicity. The priest who compiled an unofficial directory of German Catholics in 1869 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442264984

Jin Young Choi, Mitzi J. Smith - Minoritized Women Reading Race and Ethnicity

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Jin Young Choi (ed.), Mitzi J. Smith (ed.)

Minoritized Women Reading Race and Ethnicity

2020

doi.org/10.5771/9781498591591

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