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Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell, Olaf Deinert, Sophie Robin-Olivier - International and European Labour Law

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Edoardo Ales (ed.), Mark Bell (ed.), Olaf Deinert (ed.), Sophie Robin-Olivier (ed.)

International and European Labour Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

Results in this title

Mark Bell Equality: Introduction S. 431-433

„… PART 2 EQUALITY LAW Equality: Introduction One of the core rationales that underpins labour law is …” „… , the pursuit of equality is an objective that resonates throughout labour law. Contemporary law and …” „… policy on equality are often associated with the protection of particular social groups that are …”

Mark Bell Article 20 CFREU Equality before the law S. 200-203

„… ECHR Van Droogenbroeck vs. Belgium Article 20 CFREU Equality before the law Everyone is equal before …” „… principle of equal treatment The meaning of equality is much debated, but the most common definition …” „… provided by the EU courts is typically described as reflecting an Aristotelian concept of equality. This …”

Silvia Borelli Article 23 CFREU Equality between women and men S. 209-214

„… Equality between women and men Equality between women and men must be ensured in all areas, including …” „… employment, work and pay. The principle of equality shall not prevent the maintenance or adoption of measures …” „… 15 I. Foreword Since 1978 the principle of equality between women and men has been recognised by the …”

Felix Welti ILO Convention 118 Equality of Treatment (Social Security) Convention, 1962 (No. 118) S. 630-635

„… of employment impairing a basic right”, thus also the right to equality, “the best solution” is …” „… the law ineffective and the principle of equality a mere formal declaration. VIII. List of cases Date …” „… San Timoteo SA conc. ILO Convention 118 Equality of Treatment (Social Security) Convention, 1962 (No …”

Silvia Borelli Article 8 TFEU S. 7-13

„… Union shall aim to eliminate inequalities, and to promote equality, between men and women. I. Foreword …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. The EU strategies on gender equality …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. European bodies on gender equality …”

Ryszard Cholewinski ILO Conventions 97 and 143 Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 97) and Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 (No. 143) S. 848-868

„… Cholewinski, ‘Migrant Workers and the Right to Non-discrimination and Equality’ in C Costello and M Freedland …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. Article 6: Equality of treatment of migrant workers in a regular situation 11 2. Article 3 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2. Article 10: Equality of treatment of migrant workers in a regular situation …”

Sara Benedi Lahuerta Directive 2000/43/EC implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin S. 495-520

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5. Equality bodies …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 b) The functions of equality bodies …” „… and sexual orientation, the Race Equality Directive (RED),2 was the first piece of secondary …”

Tzehainesh Teklè ILO Convention 111 Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) S. 612-630

„… , International Labour Conference, 101st Session, Report III(1B) (ILO, Geneva 2012); ILO, Equality at Work: The …” „… Rights at Work (ILO, Geneva 2011); ILO, Equality in Employment and Occupation, Special Survey by the …” „… , ‘Equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation’, in Fundamental Rights at Work and …”

David Fennelly Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: Articles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 11 (CEDAW) S. 449-455

„… context and in ensuring effective and not merely formal equality in the field of work. III. List of cases …” „… commentary, employment. Part IV then addresses equality before the law and in matters of legal capacity …” „… , irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental …”

Jule Mulder Directive 2006/54/EC on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast) S. 547-586

„… discriminate’ [2012/1] 1 European Gender Equality Law Review 4-1; Barnard, Catherine, EU Employment Law (4th ed …” „… Recast of Community Equality Laws’ (2007) 13(2) ELJ 186-203; Burrows, Noreen and Muriel Robison …” „… for Promoting Equality in Europe’ (2012) 60(1) American Journal of Comparative Law 49-74; Ellis …”

Orsola Razzolini Directive 2010/41/EU on the application of the principle of equal treatment between men and women S. 586-602

„… ascribed to the post-Amsterdam development of equality law, turned to include in its field of application …” „… equality protection in relation to self-employment and entrepreneurship. With particular regard to gender …” „… equality, two of the most important post-Amsterdam developments are represented by the Council Directive …”

Elise Muir, Lisa Waddington Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation S. 520-547

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Dir. 2000/78 Part 2 Equality Law 520 Elise Muir and Lisa Waddington V. Genuine occupational …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 I. General features Overview After the Racial Equality Directive1, the ‘Employment Equality …” „… regards employment and occupation’. The Directive partly builds on pre-existing EU gender equality law but …”

David Fennelly International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Article 26 (ICCPR) S. 433-438

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 III. Equality before the law and the equal protection of the law …” „… . Article 26, which is the Covenant’s guarantee of equality and non-discrimination, occupies an important …” „… . In the words of the Human Rights Committee (‘the Committee’), non-discrimination and equality …”

Tzehainesh Teklè ILO Convention 100 Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) S. 602-612

„… (eds), Vision for Gender Equality (European Commission, Directorate-General for Justice, Brussels 2015 …” „… , included a general principle of equality and non-discrimination based on various grounds, including sex, of …” „… Francesca Bettio and Silvia Sansonetti (eds), Vision for Gender Equality (European Commission …”

Silvia Borelli Article 157 TFEU S. 176-188

„… . With a view to ensuring full equality in practice between men and women in working life, the principle …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. Gender Equality in the Treaties: from the Treaty of Rome until the Treaty of Lisbon …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. EU Legislation on gender equality …”

Felix Welti ILO Convention 159 Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention, 1983 (No. 159) S. 635-641

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 a) Rehabilitation and employment in the open labour market . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 b) Equality …” „… concerning disabled workers, including the recommendation of specialized guidance (para 41) and of equality …” „… equality” (Resolutions 31/123, 36/77). A report on C 159 was adopted in 1998.2 The UN Convention on the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… 15 CFREU 195 Equality before the law …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 21 CFREU 203 Equality between women and men …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ILO Convention 168 427 Contents VIII PART 2 EQUALITY LAW Equality: Introduction …”

Mark Bell Article 19 TFEU S. 23-26

„… equality, in particular during the 1970 s and 1980 s. In contrast, the Union lacked any express legal …” „… 19 TFEU are the Racial Equality Directive4 and the Employment Equality Directive.5 It should also be …” „… issues of gender equality in employment; indeed, it was used for the 2006 ‘Recast’ Directive.8 III …”

Mark Bell Article 21 CFREU Non-discrimination S. 203-209

„… the general principle of equality before the law, found in Article 20 of the Charter. It may be …” „… found within the EU Directive on gender equality in goods and services.6 Specifically, it permitted sex …” „… and indefinite exceptions found within the Employment Equality Directive,10 such as the possibility …”

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell Fundamental Provisions: Introduction S. 1-7

„… Article 14 (non-discrimination) in the chapter on Equality; Article 11 (freedom of association) in the …” „… been included for analysis in the next chapter of this book on Equality. Introduction Part 1 …” „… equality, between men and women. I. Foreword …”

Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella ILO Convention 156 Workers with Family Responsibilities Convention, 1981 (No. 156) S. 1142-1149

„… response to the more general issue of gender equality. Thus, its impact can only be fully appreciated …” „… terms of the Declaration on Equality of Opportunity and Treatment for Women Workers and of the …” „… resolution concerning a plan of action with a view to promoting equality of opportunity and treatment for …”

Mark Bell Article 20 RESC The right to equal opportunities and equal treatment in matters of employment and occupation without discrimination on the grounds of sex S. 316-319

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 IV. Promoting Gender Equality …” „… this Commentary. 8 See the chapter on Equality in this Commentary. 9 ECSR (n 2) 138. Chapter III …” „… .’19 This goes beyond similar requirements in the EU Directive on gender equality in employment, which …”

Anna Lawson United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) S. 455-461

„… Article 11(2) in particular being described as instituting “a regime of transformative equality on both a …” „… impairment needs it in a given situation, for example, workplace or school’.1 Article 5 Article 5 Equality …” „… ) In order to promote equality and eliminate discrimination, States Parties shall take all appropriate …”

Vania Brino ILO Convention 168 Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment Convention, 1988 (No. 168) S. 427-431

„… that “each Member shall ensure equality of treatment for all persons protected, without discrimination …” „… lletin/docs/servais.pdf, 16. C 168 Part 1 Fundamental Provisions 430 Vania Brino 16 PART 2 EQUALITY LAW Equality …” „… bargaining power between workers and employers. Consequently, the pursuit of equality is an objective that …”

Ségolène Barbou des Places Regulation (EU) 492/2011 on freedom of movement for workers within the Union S. 785-800

„… instrument (it grants workers mobility rights and requires equality of treatment) and a positive integration …” „… treatment and workers Families) aims at promoting equality between EU and national workers. The notion of …” „… equality of treatment with the workers who have the nationality of the Member State of residence. To this …”

Helen Stalford Article 32 CFREU Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work S. 219-225

„… campaign (and reinforced by Article 32) leaves limited scope for a more constructive narrative of equality …” „… benefits and protection available under EU equality law, but would reinforce rights-based perceptions of …” „… the Charter (Article 23) refers explicitly to equality between men and women, implying its exclusivity …”

Jean-Philippe Lhernould Directive 97/81/EC concerning the Framework Agreement on part-time work S. 872-882

„… gender equality matter, the signatory parties concluded a framework agreement on part-time work setting …” „… discrimination laid down in that Clause is a specific expression of the general principle of equality. The …” „… ensuring the effectiveness of the principle of equality of treatment. In the framework of the agreement, it …”

David Fennelly International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Articles 2 and 7 (ICESCR) S. 438-444

„… Equality Law 438 David Fennelly 14 1 2 Covenant.1 Article 6(1) recognises the right to work, “which …” „… , the ICESCR does not include a standalone guarantee of equality and non-discrimination of the kind …” „… Comment No. 20 (n 5) paragraph 11. 12 General Comment No. 20 (n 5) paragraph 11. ICESCR Part 2 Equality …”

David Fennelly International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination: Articles 1, 2 and 5 (ICERD) S. 444-449

„… Assembly Resolution 1904 (1963), A/RES/18/1904. ICERD Part 2 Equality Law 444 David Fennelly 1 2 4 …” „… , paragraph 109. ICERD Part 2 Equality Law 446 David Fennelly 6 7 The fourth subparagraph – Article 2(1)(d …” „… , what the Committee has termed “effective equality”.10 Taking the elements of Article 2 together, the …”

Jean-Philippe Lhernould Directive 2008/104/EC on temporary agency work S. 894-906

„… this agreement can therefore contribute to improving equality of opportunities between women and men …” „… not agree on whether the principle of equality of treatment should apply to interim workers (compared …” „… principle of equality of treatment therefore applies from the first day of assignment. Two key challenges …”

Silvia Borelli Article 33 CFREU Family and professional life S. 225-234

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Link between reconciliation of professional and family life and gender equality …” „… gender equality; the exigency to design work organisation to facilitate WLB; the need to take a …” „… professional and family life and gender equality “Protection of women within family life and in the course of …”

Olaf Deinert Introduction: Working Conditions S. 934-937

„… relating to health and safety at work and equality law. Furthermore, some additional cross industry …” „… out standards on working conditions. Besides equality law and health and safety at the workplace, it …” „… of the European Union, except for gender equality and mobility of workers. This goes back to the role …”

Annick Masselot, Bridgette McLellan Directive 86/378/EEC on equal treatment in occupational social security and pension schemes S. 481-495

„… occupation (recast) [2006] OJ L204/23. Dir. 86/378 Part 2 Equality Law 482 Annick Masselot and Bridgette …” „… Equality Law 484 Annick Masselot and Bridgette McLellan 7 8 9 stitute pay and consequently changed the way …” „… ) and Others [2000] ECR I-4039. Dir. 86/378 Part 2 Equality Law 486 Annick Masselot and Bridgette …”

Mark Bell Article 10 TFEU S. 21-23

„… referred to as ‘mainstreaming’. It is commonly linked to evolutions in gender equality policy during the …” „… to eliminate inequalities, and to promote equality, between women and men’. This overlaps with …” „… echoes the way in which Article 8 TFEU (ex Article 3(2) EC) on gender equality has been used by the …”

Annick Masselot, Bridgette McLellan Directive 79/7/EEC on the progressive implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security S. 466-481

„… of Directive 79/7/EEC relating to gender equality have been interpreted broadly by the Court of …” „… . at para 20. Dir. 79/7 Part 2 Equality Law 468 Annick Masselot and Bridgette McLellan 8 9 10 Social …” „… : The limits of EEC equality law’ [1994] 16(1) JSWFL 5, in Paul Craig and Gráinne De Búrca (eds), EU Law …”

A.C.L. Davies ILO Convention 177 Home Work Convention, 1996 (No. 177) S. 909-911

„… agreements. Article 4 1. The national policy on home work shall promote, as far as possible, equality of …” „… out in an enterprise. 2. Equality of treatment shall be promoted, in particular, in relation to: (a …” „… focus is on ensuring ‘equality of treatment’ between home workers and other workers in respect of the …”

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell, Olaf Deinert, Sophie Robin-Olivier General Introduction

„… (R)ESC or the Declaration of Philadelphia. – Equality Law: • Prohibition of discrimination in employment …” „… internal market. Equality and non-discrimination were a notable exception: the roots of a flourishing body …” „… of EU equality law were there from the beginning, because, for economic purposes, the EEC Treaty (or …”

Jeff Kenner Article 9 TFEU S. 13-21

„… equality. Moreover, the Commission monitors and supports candidate countries’ compliance with the …” „… Copenhagen criteria for membership of the EU that include gender equality. The Commission intends also to …” „… text of Article 9 TFEU, but there is some overlap with the content of the horizontal equality and …”

Edoardo Ales Article 153 TFEU S. 155-165

„… ; (i) equality between men and women with regard to labour market opportunities and treatment at work …” „… • the information and consultation of workers • equality between men and women with regard to labor …” „… legally residing in EU, the integration of persons excluded from the labor market and equality between men …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 48 TFEU S. 69-76

„… were reproduced, in the latter derogations to the equality of treatment for the access to social …” „… benefits and the following case-law on the equality of treatment. What differentiates the judgments is the …” „… fact that, with regard to the equality of treatment, the Citizens Rights Directive is used as a source …”

Teun Jaspers Article 21 RESC The right to information and consultation S. 319-330

„… Equality Article 20 refers to ‘equal opportunities’ and ‘equal treatment’. This dichotomy provides an …” „… indication that its goals are not limited to formal equal treatment, but extend to substantive equality in …” „… measures’ to bring about gender equality.21 States have some discretion over which measures they choose to …”

Sudabeh Kamanabrou, Anne Christin Wietfeld Directive 2010/18/EU implementing the revised Framework Agreement on parental leave concluded by BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP and ETUC S. 1026-1049

„… economic benefit of an active employment of parents – especially women – and to promote equality of men and …” „… States in seeking to achieve equality between men and women with regard to labour market opportunities …” „… the Gender Equality Directive10 lead to a complex interaction of rules.11 The different bans on …”

Daniel Ulber ILO Convention 94 Labour Clauses (Public Contracts) Convention, 1949 (No. 94) S. 840-848

„… , ‘Migrant Workers and the Right to Non-discrimination and Equality’ in C Costello and M Freedland (eds …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. Article 6: Equality of treatment of migrant workers in a regular situation 11 2. Article 3 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2. Article 10: Equality of treatment of migrant workers in a regular situation …”

Mark Bell Article 14 ECHR Prohibition of discrimination S. 461-466

„… , 12 April 2006). 10 App no 57325/00 (ECtHR, 13 November 2007). Art. 14 ECHR Part 2 Equality Law 462 …” „… 20). 25 App no 2700/10 (ECtHR, 10 March 2011). 26 Ibid. para 56. Art. 14 ECHR Part 2 Equality Law …” „… of Directive 79/7/EEC relating to gender equality have been interpreted broadly by the Court of …”

Ellen Birkhahn, Ulla Gläßer Directive 2008/52/EC on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters S. 1650-1678

„… 4 Equality 3 II Reg. 492/2011 10 – bodies 2 II Dir. 2000/43 50 – conditions 8 Dir. 2003/72 1 …” „… . 2006/54 2 et seqq. Equality between women and men 1 II Art. 23 CFREU 6 et seqq.; 2 II Dir. 2010/41 1 et …” „… Gender employment gap – equality between women and men 1 I Art. 8 TFEU 13 et seqq. Index 1670 Gender …”

Myriam Benlolo Directive 2004/38/EC on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States S. 692-713

„… intends to foster and reinforce the link between citizenship and equality, which has been remarkably …” „… or her family members substantially further down the road towards equality with nationals of the …” „… and poor EU citizens. The quest for equality between EU citizens, and not just workers, as well as the …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 21 TFEU S. 26-41

„… ‘ethnic origin’ and ‘disability’ has been explored by the Court in its case-law on the Racial Equality and …” „… Employment Equality Directives (examined elsewhere in this Commentary). Case-law has confirmed that the list …” „… discrimination on grounds of sickness was contrary to the Employment Equality Directive; the Court rejected this …”

Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella Article 27 RESC The right of workers with family responsibilities to equal opportunities and equal treatment S. 346-348

„… provision is part of a broader and growing concern related to gender equality and intergenerational …” „… of the article Article 27 With a view to ensuring the exercise of the right to equality of …”

Frank Bayreuther Article 6 ECHR Right to a fair trial (extract) S. 1637-1643

„… equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his …” „… equality of arms – the entitlement to present one’s case and testimony before a court without substantial …” „… equality of arms arose. 12 BVerfG 21.2.2001 – 2 BvR 140/00, NJW 2001, 2531. 13 BGH 16.7.1998 – I ZR 32/96 …”

Adalberto Perulli The Declaration of Philadelphia (DoP) S. 361-375

„… Europe: A Comparative Study of 15 Countries 1945-2000 (Hart, Oxford 2009) 5; Bob Hepple, Equality: A …” „… formal – form of equality, within the relationship between employer and employee. Through the affirmation …” „… . 15 Bob Hepple, Equality: A global labour standard, International Labour Standards and Economic …”

Karin Lukas Article 26 RESC The right to dignity at work S. 343-346

„… provision is part of a broader and growing concern related to gender equality and intergenerational …” „… of the article Article 27 With a view to ensuring the exercise of the right to equality of …”

Alexia Gardin Directive 1999/70/EC concerning the Framework Agreement on fixed-term work S. 882-894

„… field of “employment conditions” could make gender equality instruments become secondary.30 The Wippel …” „… equality and part-time directives) apply simultaneously31. Gender equality instruments remain very useful …” „… are women and this agreement can therefore contribute to improving equality of opportunities between …”

A.C.L. Davies ILO Convention 175 Part-Time Work Convention, 1994 (No. 175) S. 906-909

„… worker. The language adopted here is familiar from other fields of law, most notably equality law, where …” „… right of part-time workers to equality of treatment with their full-time colleagues, and instead turns …”

Alexandre Defossez Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services S. 643-664

„… women or women who have recently given birth, of children and of young people; (g) equality of treatment …” „… application to the undertakings referred to in Article 1 (1) ensures equality of treatment on matters listed …” „… undertakings referred to in this subparagraph which are in a similar position. Equality of treatment, within …”

Claire La Hovary ILO Convention 131 The Minimum Wage Fixing Convention, 1970 (No. 131) S. 1120-1124

„… workers concerned, on a basis of equality; (b) persons having recognised competence for representing the …” „… , representatives of employers and workers concerned, on a basis of equality, shall be provided for. According to …”

Antonio Lo Faro Article 155 TFEU S. 165-176

„… ensuring full equality in practice between men and women in working life, the principle of equal treatment …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. Gender Equality in the Treaties: from the Treaty of Rome until the Treaty of Lisbon …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. EU Legislation on gender equality …”

Antonio Lo Faro Article 152 TFEU S. 150-155

„… the Union’. Together with other provisions related to the principle of ‘democratic equality’ (Article …” „… , without prejudice to Article 166; (i) equality between men and women with regard to labour market …”

A.C.L. Davies ILO Convention 181 Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997 (No. 181) S. 911-916

„… collectively. Article 5 1. In order to promote equality of opportunity and treatment in access to employment …” „… equality in employment. It is also worth noting paragraph 6 of the Recommendation, which expresses the …”

Vincenzo Pietrogiovanni ILO Convention 89 Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised) and P 89 – Protocol of 1990 to the Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948 S. 1343-1355

„… affirmation of the principle of equality (between men and women), on the one side, and the protection of …” „… occupational safety and health, social services and equality of opportunity and treatment for women workers …” „… , social services and equality of opportunity and treatment for women workers have been verified by the …”

Ségolène Barbou des Places Directive 2014/54/EU on measures facilitating the exercise of rights conferred on workers in the context of freedom of movement for workers S. 800-806

„… 283; Elise Muir, ‘Pursuing Equality in the EU’, Chap. 35, in Anthony Arnull and David Chalmers (eds …” „… ) 15 European Journal of Migration and Law 283, 283. 4 Elise Muir, ‘Pursuing Equality in the EU’, Chap …”

Marco Peruzzi Article 174 TFEU S. 188

„… Kenny and Others v Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Minister for Finance and Commissioner …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 45 TFEU S. 41-66

„… Others v Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform [2008] ECR I-6641, paras 57-59. 5 Regulation (EU …” „… the equality of treatment towards citizens of the host State, provided for by Article 24 of the …” „… conflict with the right to gender equality, and, consequently, it may cause an indirect sex discrimination …”

Elaine Dewhurst Introduction: Labour Rights of Third-Country National Workers in the European Union S. 806-840

„… Migration and Law 283; Elise Muir, ‘Pursuing Equality in the EU’, Chap. 35, in Anthony Arnull and David …” „… ) 15 European Journal of Migration and Law 283, 283. 4 Elise Muir, ‘Pursuing Equality in the EU’, Chap …” „… successful integration can assist in ensuring the equality principle within the EU, maximise the potential of …”

Article 145 TFEU S. 134-135

„… , supporting and promoting the start-up of smaller companies and entrepreneurship and promoting gender equality …”

Samantha Velluti Article 146 TFEU S. 135-136

„… , supporting and promoting the start-up of smaller companies and entrepreneurship and promoting gender equality …”

Martina Benecke Directive 92/85/EEC on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding S. 1252-1268

„… Gender Equality (FEMM) of the EP outbalanced the 2008 proposal in several aspects. The main content of …” „… this directive, the issues of pregnancy and maternity are lifted out of the debate about equality.10 …” „… , cases of wrongful dismissal usually concern not only maternity protection but also the area of equality …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 47 TFEU S. 68-69

„… for discrimination cases, as well as appropriate bodies created to promote the equality of …”

Antonio Riefoli ILO Convention 189 Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) S. 916-934

„… workers covered by such agreements, equality of treatment in respect of social security, as well as access …” „… and safety at work and equality law. Furthermore, some additional cross industry standards have been …” „… working conditions. Besides equality law and health and safety at the workplace, it is relevant to …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 46 TFEU S. 66-68

„… created to promote the equality of treatment between national and non national workers. Article 46 lists …”

Elaine Dewhurst Article 19 RESC The right of migrant workers and their families to protection and assistance S. 313-316

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 IV. Promoting Gender Equality …”

Elaine Dewhurst Article 18 RESC The right to engage in a gainful occupation in the territory of other Parties S. 310-313

„… International Law: Between Sovereignty and Equality (Hart, Oxford 2014) 355. 8 Slingenberg (n 7) 355. 9 …”

Hélène Tissandier Directive 2008/94/EC on the protection of employees in the event of the insolvency of their employerOJ 2008 L 283/36-42. S. 1012-1026

„… they have to respect the general principle of equality and non-discrimination.18 It therefore follows …” „… equality, excludes such compensation from the concept of pay. Period of protection and ceilings in national …”

Sophie Robin-Olivier Non-Standard Work: Introduction S. 868-872

„… on Part-Time Work (Convention 175, 1994) intended, essentially, to ensure equality between part-time …”

Edoardo Ales Article 27 CFREU Workers’ right to information and consultation within the undertaking S. 214-218

„… principle of equality) that must be regarded as a general principle of EU law.38 At the time, the Court …”

Emmanuelle Mazuyer Article 4 RESC The right to a fair remuneration S. 272-277

„… be expressly provided for in legislation.16 The principle of equality should cover all the elements …”

Edoardo Ales Article 29 CFREU Right of access to placement services S. 195-200

„… ECHR Van Droogenbroeck vs. Belgium Article 20 CFREU Equality before the law Everyone is equal before …”

Massimiliano Delfino Article 52 CFREU Scope and interpretation of rights and principles S. 239-244

„… occupation), Article 16 (Freedom to conduct a business),16 and, above all, Article 23, which ensures equality …”

Marta Otto Article 8 CFREU Protection of personal data S. 937-942

„… distinction regarding the right to nondiscrimination (Article 21) and the equality of men and women (Article …”

Karin Lukas Article 7 RESC The right of children and young persons to protection S. 297-304

„… necessarily imply that legislation and case-law should establish full legal equality” between the right to …”

Teun Jaspers Article 29 RESC The right to information and consultation in collective redundancy procedures S. 354-361

„… , Oxford 2009) 5; Bob Hepple, Equality: A global labour standard, International Labour Standards and …”

Marco Peruzzi Article 175 TFEU S. 188-195

„… Kenny and Others v Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Minister for Finance and Commissioner …”

Sylvaine Laulom Article 30 CFREU Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal S. 942-948

„… articles of the Charter, including Article 21 on non-discrimination, Article 23 on equality between women …”

Daniel Ulber Article 28 CFREU Right of collective bargaining and action S. 1457-1492

„… compensates for this asymmetrical relation in order to restore the equality essential to contractual freedom …” „… Others v Refugee Applications Commissioner and Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform [2011] ECR I …”

Jeff Kenner Article 151 TFEU S. 143-150

„… Social Model’ of individual employment rights, free collective bargaining, equality of opportunity …”

Vincenzo Pietrogiovanni ILO Convention 79 Night Work of Young Persons (Non-Industrial Occupations) Convention, 1946 (No. 79) S. 1336-1343

„… about the struggle in striking a balance between the affirmation of the principle of equality (between …”

Siska Dubbert, Franz Christian Ebert ILO Convention 150 Labour Administration Convention, 1978 (No.150) S. 403-427

„… protection of children at work”, the “promotion of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment”, “the …” „… considered important, such as: employing the same selection procedures for all public employees, “equality of …”

Marta Otto Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR) S. 958-981

„… , planning and organisation of work, equality and diversity in the workplace, health and safety at work …” „… the contract of employment, management, planning and organisation of work, equality and diversity in …”

Henner Gött Article 6 RESC The right to bargain collectively S. 286-297

„… full legal equality” between the right to strike and the right to lockout.106 As a consequence of this …”

Achim Seifert ILO Convention 144 Tripartite Consultations, 1976 (No. 144) S. 391-403

„… meaning of equality of representation the ILO Constitution gives to its constituents.42 Only in cases …”

Sylvaine Laulom Directive 98/59/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to collective redundancies S. 981-996

„… , the EJC refers to its settled case law in the area of equality and free movement of workers, to define …”

Massimo Pallini Article 62 TFEU S. 77-94

„… people; g) equality of treatment between men and women and other provisions on non-discrimination”. 31 …”

Adam Sagan Article 11 ECHR Freedom of assembly and association S. 1513-1534

„… extend to a broader right to collective action.155 As a matter of equality of arms, Article 11 should …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266190

Hubert Heinelt, Michèle Knodt - Policies within the EU Multi-Level System

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Hubert Heinelt (ed.), Michèle Knodt (ed.)

Policies within the EU Multi-Level System

2011

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Gabriele Abels Gender Equality Policy S. 325-348

„… (previously 13) equality-oriented directives which each require transposition into national laws (see European …” „… 325 Gender Equality Policy Gabriele Abels 1. Introduction Gender equality policy is neither an …” „… gender-specific needs into consideration. The primary law basis for equality policies is article 119 EEC Treaty …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… 283 Education Policy Carolin Balzer and Christoph Humrich 303 Gender Equality Policy Gabriele …”

Michèle Knodt, Sigita Urdze Democratisation Policy S. 21-38

„… dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights …” „… and fundamental freedoms, respect for human dignity, the principles of equality and solidarity, and …”

Hubert Heinelt, Michèle Knodt Conclusion S. 385-408

„… and decision-making procedures, similar to the idea of equality being a ‘global political norm …” „… Equality’ and the ‘European Defence Agency’. However, the traditional meaning of ‘executive order …”

Dirk Lehmkuhl Transport Policy S. 283-302

„… objectives to transport policy – such as social equality or considerations of regional planning – which, to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845228266

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Liah Greenfeld

Nationalism

2019

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Introduction: Before Equality S. 1-12

„… 3/20/19 10:24 AMBefore Equality 3anchor for all of our aspirations for ourselves and our children, our …” „… customary in Bulgaria. And when it comes to our core ideals of equality and respect owed to every human …” „… does not require much effort to prove how little equality mat-tered, even in the West, where it is a …”

Index S. 143-0

„… communities, 120, 133; and cultural competi-tion, 29, 31–32; of English, 22, 32, 41; and equality/inequality …” „… , 5, 19–20; cultural continuity of, 115–16; on equal-ity, 5–7; forced conversion of Jews and Pagans, 6 …” „… RessentimentEquality: among nations, 68, 75–76, 122, 125; and anarchists, 111; ancient philosophers on, 4–5; Bible on …”

Spreading S. 57-84

„… N A L I S Min the political life of the community. It was grounded in the values of reason, equality …” „… liberty and equality, as well as its laxity, endangers the nation; yet this loyalty preserves it. In the …” „… value of equality, which had been imported with the idea of the nation, not as equality among the …”

Emergence of Nationalism S. 13-32

„… onto the beginning of the fifteenth century the ideas of nation and equality that would distinguish …” „… previously hierarchical society on the basis of equality. How could an equation of two terms, people and …” „… behavior in every sphere of life.The presupposition of fundamental equality in the inclusive community—of …”

The Launching Site S. 33-56

„… nationalism—the reinterpretation of the idea of the people to imply the basic equality of the great and the small …” „… result, equality with En gland, let alone superiority to it, was impossible. France was perceived as …” „… national con-sciousness, the concepts of nation, liberty, and equality acquired entirely different …”

Globalization of Nationalism and the Rise of Asia S. 115-130

„… nationalism: the fundamental equality of membership and popular sovereignty. Obviously, as elsewhere, these …” „… , Japanese nationalism did not set great store on internal equality. What mattered was the equal-ity of …” „… standards in relations among nations, and the fundamen-tal equality of membership was interpreted as the …”

The Great Transformation S. 85-114

„… sovereignty and of the fundamental equality of membership (or fraternity) in the community. Nationalism made …” „… and fundamental equality of membership—is a democracy by definition. But, as discussed in chapter 3 …” „… , and all uphold the principles of equality and popular sovereignty. Obviously, not all nationalisms …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815737025

Jane Angerjärv - Zum Wechselverhältnis von Recht und Handeln

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Jane Angerjärv

Zum Wechselverhältnis von Recht und Handeln

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht

Volume 637 2009

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Gender Equality (Auszüge) S. 173-175

„… 173 Anhang Anhang 1: Gender Equality Act1289 (Auszüge) § 1. Purpose of Act (1) The purpose of this …” „… promote gender equality of men and women as a fundamental human right and for the public good in all areas …” „… agencies, educational and research institutions and employers to promote gender equality of men and women …”

Dokumente von EAKL S. 179-204

„… , http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/gender_equality/gender_mainstreaming/gender/isg_de.html (28.09.2007). (zit.: Europäische Kommission, Dienststellenübergreifende Gruppe für …” „… , http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/gender_equality/gender_mainstreaming/general_overview_de.html (28. 06.2007). (zit.: Europäische Kommission, Gender Mainstreaming (28. 06.2007)). Europäische …” „… , http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/gender_equality/gender_mainstreaming/gender/advcom_de.html (05.06.2008). (zit.: Europäische Kommission, Beratender Ausschuss (05.06.2008)). 186 Europäische …”

Mitglieder von EAKL S. 175-177

„… clause 6 (2) 3) of this Act has occurred. § 11. Employers as persons promoting gender equality (1) Upon …” „… and women in the organisation and measures taken in order to promote equality. (2) An employer shall …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Anhang 173 Anhang 1: Gender Equality (Auszüge) 173 Anhang 2: Mitglieder von EAKL 175 Anhang 3 …”

Gender Mainstreaming im estnischen und deutschen gleichstellungsrechtlichen Rahmen S. 60-72

„… Anhang 1: Gender Equality Act (Auszüge). 474 Bisherige Rechtsprechung besteht nur hinsichtlich des § 12 …” „… EST RechtskanzlerG), Änderungsvorschläge zur Gesetzgebung 523 Anhang 1: Gender Equality Act (Auszüge …”

Gender als analytischer Ansatz S. 18-26

„… schaffen mit dem Ziel: „to support government wide mainstreaming of a gender-equality perspective in all …”

Sozialer Dialog zur Förderung der Gleichstellung der Geschlechter S. 98-107

„… sprechen die Erläute- 809 Vgl. § 2 EST GleichbehandlungsG. 810 Anhang 1: Gender Equality Act (Auszüge …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845217512

Amanda Gouws - Feminist Institutionalism in South Africa

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Amanda Gouws (ed.)

Feminist Institutionalism in South Africa

2022

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Part I: A History of the Commission for Gender Equality S. 27-110

„… Part IA HISTORY OF THE COMMISSION FOR GENDER EQUALITY 29What might a society that is just and fair …” „… women-friendly state to show the hopes and expectations, as well as the setbacks, to the idea that equality could …” „… scholarship began to consider what kinds of institutions would be most appropriate for projects of equality in …”

Part II: Successes of the Feminist Imaginary in the Commission for Gender Equality S. 111-154

„… Gender EqualityLeveraging Constitutional Rights to Gender EqualityJanine Hicks134 Janine HicksUnless …” „… claims related to gender equality/women’s rights (more than twice the num-ber of race [nine] or sexual …” „… systemic inequality to support laws that foster substantive equality.SHAPING THE JURISPRUDENCEPerhaps most …”

Bibliography S. 273-304

„… Gender Equality in South Africa (1996–2016). Johannesburg: Commission for Gender Equality.Kulawik, T …” „… . National Policy Framework for Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality.Parliament. 2007. Report of the Ad …” „… Constitutions, edited by A. Dubowsky and V. Hart, 99–117. London: Palgrave.———. 2007. ‘Substantive Equality and …”

Introduction: Feminist Institutionalism: Views from the South S. 1-26

„… equality/justice project into states in Africa. As history has taught us by now women’s representation did increase …” „… countries and have variable outcomes for gender equality.The question we pose in this book is: can …” „… femi-nist vision of gender equality?INSTITUTION BUILDINGWhen we reflect on this question, we need to …”

Preface

„… Gender EqualityEdited by Amanda GouwsROWMAN & LITTLEFIELDLanham • Boulder • New York • LondonPublished by …” „… Commission for Gender EqualityDOW Department of WomenDWCPD Department of Women, Children and Persons with …” „… Empowerment and Gender EqualityList of AcronymsxiFIGURES 1.1 The National Gender Machinery 19 3.1 The …”

Appendix S. 271-272

„… equality.Strategic Objective 3: To monitor state compliance with regional and inter-national conventions, covenants …” „… enabling legislative framework that promotes the attainment of gender equality. Sub-strategy 1: To promote …” „… on the matter). Sub-strategy 2: To initiate and/or review legislation that impact on gender equality …”

Index S. 305-322

„… Executive Officer, of CGECGE. See Commission for Gender Equality‘CGE-Gender Body Fails Women’ (Naidu), 171 …” „… National Treasury, MPWC with, 203 – 4NCGLE. See National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian EqualityNcguka …” „… rights, 136; for gender equality, 41; Goetz interested in, 13 – 14; horizontal and vertical, 13 – 14; NGM …”

About the Contributors S. 323-327

„… University of Natal, Durban. She has published widely on participatory democracy and gender equality.Sheila …” „… project that aims to explore gender equality promotion through the South African state from both a …” „… Chair in Equality, Law and Social Justice at the School of Law, University of the Witwatersrand …”

Part III: The Feminist Losing Battle in the State S. 155-244

„… Commission for Gender EqualityReflections of a Gender DivaGertrude Fester158 Gertrude Fester‘Well,’ pausing …” „… Women’s Organisations 159equality/freedom, researching examples like Angola, Cuba, Algeria, Nicara-gua …” „… Parliament that part of the director’s key performance areas should be the promotion of gender equality.The …”

Afterword S. 267-270

„… FORMAL INTERVENTION: COMMISSION ON GENDER EQUALITY (CGE) FAILING THE COUNTRYHonorable TsenoliWe are a …” „… write to discuss the extreme dysfunc-tion at the Commission for Gender Equality (CGE) which impedes it …” „… institutions to ensure gender equality or facilitate its realisation. …”

Part IV: In Abeyance of the State S. 245-266

„… institutions and mechanisms to advance gender equality in the country (Hassim and Gouws 1998, 53, see chapter 1 …” „… inclusion of gender equality and resulted in positive policy outcomes in areas such as domestic violence …” „… commitment to gender equality. However, rape and sexual violence persisted before and during the political …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538160091

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